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A very thoughtful review/editorial. Also a call to arms to use modern methods (rDNA genotyping, laser capture microdissection, gene expression profiling with microarrays) to catalogue our resident microbial partners and to understand their contribution to humans diseases where a microbial basis has yet to be (fully) appreciated.
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Relman D.A. The search for unrecognized pathogens. Science. 284:1999;1308-1310. A very thoughtful review/editorial. Also a call to arms to use modern methods (rDNA genotyping, laser capture microdissection, gene expression profiling with microarrays) to catalogue our resident microbial partners and to understand their contribution to humans diseases where a microbial basis has yet to be (fully) appreciated.
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An overview of our present state of understanding of how interactions involving the microflora, epithelum, diffuse gut-associated lymphoid tissue, and perhaps the enteric nervous system, shape and maintain the intestinal ecosystem. The contributions that gnotobiology has, and could have, to dissecting these interactions are described.
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This paper provides strong evidence that molecular mimicry between C. jejuni lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and neuronal gangliosides plays a key role in the etiology of this acute paralytic neuropathy. Ex vivo and in vivo studies, using monoclonal antibodies that react with both bacterial LPS core oligosaccharides and gangiosides containing disialosyl residues, show that these monoclonal antibodies induce massive release of acetylcholine followed by functional blockade of the neuromuscular junction.
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Engineering carbohydrate receptors for bacterial adhesins in the gastric epithelium of gnotobiotic transgenic mice has provided a means to assess the impact of attachment on the destiny of infection. This study provides evidence that loss of acid-producing parietal cells leads to amplification of gastric epithelial lineage progenitors. These progenitors produce sialylated oncofetal epitopes that function as receptors for H. pylori adhesins. This finding may provide part of the explanation for the observed linkage between chronic atrophic gastritis (which includes loss of parietal cells) and the increased risk of developing gastric cancer.
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Dynamics of Helicobacter pylori colonization in relation to the host response
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A glimpse into the future. A microbiologist and an applied mathematician have teamed up to create a mathematical model that examines the dynamics of H. pylori colonization of the gastric ecosystem from the perspectives of both the host and microbe. The impact of host and microbial factors are studied in the context of initial colonization as well as persistent infections where (approximate) steady state relationships have been established. Parameters examined include bacterial adherence and the size of the nutrient 'population'. This exercise, and others like it, should prove invaluable in developing and testing hypotheses about mechanisms involved in microbial pathogenesis and establishment and maintenance of commensal relationships involving simple or complex populations of microorganisms. Gnotobiotic mouse models should provide a living test tube where these models can be refined and tested.
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Blaser M.J., Kirschner D. Dynamics of Helicobacter pylori colonization in relation to the host response. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 96:1999;8359-8364. A glimpse into the future. A microbiologist and an applied mathematician have teamed up to create a mathematical model that examines the dynamics of H. pylori colonization of the gastric ecosystem from the perspectives of both the host and microbe. The impact of host and microbial factors are studied in the context of initial colonization as well as persistent infections where (approximate) steady state relationships have been established. Parameters examined include bacterial adherence and the size of the nutrient 'population'. This exercise, and others like it, should prove invaluable in developing and testing hypotheses about mechanisms involved in microbial pathogenesis and establishment and maintenance of commensal relationships involving simple or complex populations of microorganisms. Gnotobiotic mouse models should provide a living test tube where these models can be refined and tested.
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(1999)
Proc Natl Acad Sci USA
, vol.96
, pp. 8359-8364
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Blaser, M.J.1
Kirschner, D.2
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41
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0024409274
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The nucleotide sequence of Escherichia coli genes for L-fucose dissimilation
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Lu Z., Lin E.C.C. The nucleotide sequence of Escherichia coli genes for L-fucose dissimilation. Nucleic Acids Res. 17:1989;4883-4884.
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Nucleic Acids Res
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Lu, Z.1
Lin, E.C.C.2
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42
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0023461779
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The organization of the fuc regulon specifying L-fucose dissimilation in Escherichia coli K12 as determined by gene cloning
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Mol Gen Genet
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Chen, Y.-M.1
Zhu, Y.2
Lin, E.C.C.3
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43
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0022445094
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Isolation of a mutation resulting in constitutive synthesis of L-fucose catabolic enzymes
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Bartkus, J.M.1
Mortlock, R.P.2
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44
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0031987798
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Helicobacter pylori: Molecular evolution of a bacterial quasi-species
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Covacci A., Rappuoli R. Helicobacter pylori: molecular evolution of a bacterial quasi-species. Curr Opin Microbiol. 1:1998;96-102.
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(1998)
Curr Opin Microbiol
, vol.1
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Covacci, A.1
Rappuoli, R.2
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45
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0033583045
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Forging a link between biofilms and disease
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Potera C. Forging a link between biofilms and disease. Science. 283:1999;1837-1839.
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(1999)
Science
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Potera, C.1
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