Mutation of cell cycle regulators and their impact on superficial bladder cancer

Urologic Clinics of North America

Volumn 27, Issue 1, 2000, Pages 83-102

  Rabbani, Farhang ^a   Cordon Cardo, Carlos ^a  

^a MEMORIAL SLOAN KETTERING CANCER CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BLADDER CANCER; CARCINOGENESIS; CELL CYCLE; CHROMOSOME LOSS; CYTOGENETICS; GENE LOCUS; GENE MUTATION; HUMAN; ONCOGENE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROGNOSIS; RETINOBLASTOMA; REVIEW;

EID: 0033951771     PISSN: 00940143     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0094-0143(05)70237-8     Document Type: Article

References (191)

1. R. Abdel-Fattah C. Challen T.R. Griffiths Alterations of TP53 in microdissected transitional cell carcinoma of the human urinary bladder: High frequency of TP53 accumulation in the absence of detected mutations is associated with poor prognosis Br J Cancer 77 1998 2230
2. T. Akao Y. Kakehi N. Itoh A high prevalence of functional inactivation by methylation modification of p16INK4A/CDKN2/MTS1 gene in primary urothelial cancers Jpn J Cancer Res 88 1997 1078
3. D.G. Altman B. Lausen W. Sauerbrei Dangers of using “optimal” cutpoints in the evaluation of prognostic factors J Natl Cancer Inst 86 1994 829
4. N.B. Atkin M.C. Baker Cytogenetic study of ten carcinomas of the bladder: Involvement of chromosomes 1 and 11 Cancer Genet Cytogenet 15 1985 253
5. S.J. Baker E.R. Fearon J.M. Nigro Chromosome 17 deletions and p53 gene mutations in colorectal carcinomas Science 244 1989 217
6. M. Balazs P. Carroll R. Kerschmann Frequent homozygous deletion of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2 (MTS1, p16) in superficial bladder cancer detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization Genes Chromosomes Cancer 19 1997 84
7. M. Barbareschi S. Girlando G. Fellin Expression of mdm-2 and p53 protein in transitional cell carcinoma Urol Res 22 1995 349
8. W.F. Benedict S.P. Lerner J. Zhou Level of retinoblastoma protein expression correlates with p16 (MTS-1/INK4A/CDKN2) status in bladder cancer Oncogene 18 1999 1197
9. M.S. Berger C. Greenfield W.J. Gullick Evaluation of epidermal growth factor receptors in bladder tumours Br J Cancer 56 1987 533
10. M.J. Berridge Inositol lipids and cell proliferation Biochim Biophys Acta 907 1987 33
11. J.L. Bos V.M. Verlaan-de C.J. Marshall A human gastric carcinoma contains a single mutated and an amplified normal allele of the Ki-ras oncogene Nucleic Acids Res 14 1986 1209
12. S.A. Burchill D.E. Neal J. Lunec Frequency of H-ras mutations in human bladder cancer detected by direct sequencing Br J Urol 73 1994 516
13. F.C. Burkhard R. Markwalder G.N. Thalmann Immunohistochemical determination of p53 overexpression: An easy and readily available method to identify progression in superficial bladder cancer? Urol Res 25 suppl 1 1997 31
14. P. Cairns A.J. Proctor M.A. Knowles Loss of heterozygosity at the RB locus is frequent and correlates with muscle invasion in bladder carcinoma Oncogene 6 1991 2305
15. R.S. Cajulis G.K. Haines D. Frias-Hidvegi Interphase cytogenetics as an adjunct in the cytodiagnosis of urinary bladder carcinoma: A comparative study of cytology, flow cytometry and interphase cytogenetics in bladder washes Anal Quant Cytol Histol 16 1994 1
16. G. Casetta P. Gontero R. Russo p53 expression compared with other prognostic factors in OMS grade-I stage-Ta transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder Eur Urol 32 1997 229
17. N.H. Chow H.S. Liu E.I. Lee Significance of urinary epidermal growth factor and its receptor expression in human bladder cancer Anticancer Res 17 1997 1293
18. N.H. Chow T.S. Tzai S.N. Lin Reappraisal of the biological role of epidermal growth factor receptor in transitional cell carcinoma Eur Urol 24 1993 140
19. S. Clasen W.A. Schulz C.D. Gerharz Frequent and heterogeneous expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor WAF1/p21 protein and mRNA in urothelial carcinoma Br J Cancer 77 1998 515
20. J.B. Cohen A.D. Levinson A point mutation in the last intron responsible for increased expression and transforming activity of the c-Ha-ras oncogene Nature 334 1988 119
21. C. Cordon-Cardo Mutations of cell cycle regulators: Biological and clinical implications for human neoplasia Am J Pathol 147 1995 545
22. C. Cordon-Cardo G. Dalbagni G.T. Saez p53 mutations in human bladder cancer: Genotypic versus phenotypic patterns Int J Cancer 56 1994 347
23. C. Cordon-Cardo D. Wartinger D. Petrylak Altered expression of the retinoblastoma gene product: Prognostic indicator in bladder cancer J Natl Cancer Inst 84 1992 1251
24. C. Cordon-Cardo Z.F. Zhang G. Dalbagni Cooperative effects of p53 and pRB alterations in primary superficial bladder tumors Cancer Res 57 1997 1217
25. R.J. Cote M.D. Dunn S.J. Chatterjee Elevated and absent pRb expression is associated with bladder cancer progression and has cooperative effects with p53 Cancer Res 58 1998 1090
26. B. Czerniak G.L. Cohen P. Etkind Concurrent mutations of coding and regulatory sequences of the Ha-ras gene in urinary bladder carcinomas Hum Pathol 23 1992 1199
27. B. Czerniak D. Deitch H. Simmons Ha-ras gene codon 12 mutation and DNA ploidy in urinary bladder carcinoma Br J Cancer 62 1990 762
28. G. Dalbagni J.C. Presti Jr V.E. Reuter Molecular genetic alterations of chromosome 17 and p53 nuclear overexpression in human bladder cancer Diagn Mol Pathol 2 1993 4
29. J.A. De Caprio J.W. Ludlow D. Lynch The product of the retinoblastoma susceptibility gene has properties of a cell cycle regulatory element Cell 58 1989 1085
30. W.S. el-Deiry T. Tokino V.E. Velculescu WAF1, a potential mediator of p53 tumor suppression Cell 75 1993 817
31. D. Esrig D. Elmajian S. Groshen Accumulation of nuclear p53 and tumor progression in bladder cancer N Engl J Med 331 1994 1259
32. D. Esrig C.H. Spruck P.W. Nichols p53 nuclear protein accumulation correlates with mutations in the p53 gene, tumor grade, and stage in bladder cancer Am J Pathol 143 1993 1389
33. A.P. Feinberg B. Vogelstein M.J. Droller Mutation affecting the 12th amino acid of the c-Ha-ras oncogene product occurs infrequently in human cancer Science 220 1983 1175
34. S.J. Field F.Y. Tsai F. Kuo E2F-1 functions in mice to promote apoptosis and suppress proliferation Cell 85 1996 549
35. J.M. Fitzgerald N. Ramchurren K. Rieger Identification of H-ras mutations in urine sediments complements cytology in the detection of bladder tumors J Natl Cancer Inst 87 1995 129
36. S.H. Friend R. Bernards S. Rogelj A human DNA segment with properties of the gene that predisposes to retinoblastoma and osteosarcoma Nature 323 1986 643
37. K. Fujimoto Y. Yamada E. Okajima Frequent association of p53 gene mutation in invasive bladder cancer Cancer Res 52 1992 1393
38. J. Fujita H. Nakayama H. Onoue Frequency of active ras oncogenes in human bladder cancers associated with schistosomiasis Jpn J Cancer Res 78 1987 915
39. J. Fujita S.K. Srivastava M.H. Kraus Frequency of molecular alterations affecting ras protooncogenes in human urinary tract tumors Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 82 1985 3849
40. J. Fujita O. Yoshida Y. Yuasa Ha-ras oncogenes are activated by somatic alterations in human urinary tract tumours Nature 309 1984 464
41. M. Furihata K. Inoue Y. Ohtsuki High-risk human papillomavirus infections and overexpression of p53 protein as prognostic indicators in transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder Cancer Res 53 1993 4823
42. R.A. Gardiner M.D. Walsh V. Allen Immunohistological expression of p53 in primary pT1 transitional cell bladder cancer in relation to tumour progression Br J Urol 73 1994 526
43. Z. Gibas G.R. Prout Jr J.G. Connolly Nonrandom chromosomal changes in transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder Cancer Res 44 1984 1257
44. M. Gonzalez-Zulueta C.M. Bender A.S. Yang Methylation of the 5′ CpG island of the p16/CDKN2 tumor suppressor gene in normal and transformed human tissues correlates with gene silencing Cancer Res 55 1995 4531
45. M.L. Gonzalgo T. Hayashida C.M. Bender The role of DNA methylation in expression of the p19/p16 locus in human bladder cancer cell lines Cancer Res 58 1998 1245
46. D.W. Goodrich Y. Chen P. Scully Expression of the retinoblastoma gene product in bladder carcinoma cells associates with a low frequency of tumor formation Cancer Res 52 1992 1968
47. V.G. Gorgoulis C. Barbatis I. Poulias Molecular and immunohistochemical evaluation of epidermal growth factor receptor and c-erb-B-2 gene product in transitional cell carcinomas of the urinary bladder: A study in Greek patients Mod Pathol 8 1995 758
48. K. Goto T. Konomoto K. Hayashi p53 mutations in multiple urothelial carcinomas: A molecular analysis of the development of multiple carcinomas Mod Pathol 10 1997 428
49. S.M. Grimmond D. Raghavan P.J. Russell Detection of a rare point mutation in Ki-ras of a human bladder cancer xenograft by polymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing Urol Res 20 1992 121
50. H.B. Grossman M. Liebert M. Antelo p53 and RB expression predict progression in T1 bladder cancer Clin Cancer Res 4 1998 829
51. T. Habuchi H. Kinoshita H. Yamada Oncogene amplification in urothelial cancers with p53 gene mutation or MDM2 amplification J Natl Cancer Inst 86 1994 1331
52. T. Habuchi R. Takahashi H. Yamada Influence of cigarette smoking and schistosomiasis on p53 gene mutation in urothelial cancer Cancer Res 53 1993 3795
53. P. Hainaut T. Soussi B. Shomer Database of p53 gene somatic mutations in human tumors and cell lines: Updated compilation and future prospects Nucleic Acids Res 25 1997 151
54. G.J. Hannon D. Beach p15INK4B is a potential effector of TGF-beta-induced cell cycle arrest Nature 371 1994 257
55. J.W. Harper G.R. Adami N. Wei The p21 Cdk-interacting protein Cip1 is a potent inhibitor of G1 cyclin-dependent kinases Cell 75 1993 805
56. A. Hartmann K. Moser M. Kriegmair Frequent genetic alterations in simple urothelial hyperplasias of the bladder in patients with papillary urothelial carcinoma Am J Pathol 154 1999 721
57. Y. Haupt R. Maya A. Kazaz Mdm2 promotes the rapid degradation of p53 Nature 387 1997 296
58. A.H. Hopman O. Moesker A.W. Smeets Numerical chromosome 1, 7, 9, and 11 aberrations in bladder cancer detected by in situ hybridization Cancer Res 51 1991 644
59. A.H. Hopman P.J. Poddighe A.W. Smeets Detection of numerical chromosome aberrations in bladder cancer by in situ hybridization Am J Pathol 135 1989 1105
60. A.H. Hopman E. van Hooren C.A. van de Kaa Detection of numerical chromosome aberrations using in situ hybridization in paraffin sections of routinely processed bladder cancers Mod Pathol 4 1991 503
61. J.M. Horowitz S.H. Park E. Bogenmann Frequent inactivation of the retinoblastoma anti-oncogene is restricted to a subset of human tumor cells Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 87 1990 2775
62. T. Hunter J. Pines Cyclins and cancer. Cyclin D and CDK inhibitors come of age [see comments] Cell 79 part 2 1994 573
63. J. Ishikawa H.J. Xu S.X. Hu Inactivation of the retinoblastoma gene in human bladder and renal cell carcinomas Cancer Res 51 1991 5736
64. D.G. Johnson W.D. Cress L. Jakoi Oncogenic capacity of the E2F1 gene Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 91 1994 12823
65. D.G. Johnson J.K. Schwarz W.D. Cress Expression of transcription factor E2F1 induces quiescent cells to enter S phase Nature 365 1993 349
66. A. Kallioniemi O.P. Kallioniemi G. Citro Identification of gains and losses of DNA sequences in primary bladder cancer by comparative genomic hybridization Genes Chromosomes Cancer 12 1995 213
67. M.A. Knowles M. Williamson Mutation of H-ras is infrequent in bladder cancer: Confirmation by single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis, designed restriction fragment length polymorphisms, and direct sequencing Cancer Res 53 1993 133
68. P. Korkolopoulou P. Christodoulou P. Kapralos The role of p53, MDM2 and c-erb B-2 oncoproteins, epidermal growth factor receptor and proliferation markers in the prognosis of urinary bladder cancer Pathol Res Pract 193 1997 767
69. M.H. Kubbutat S.N. Jones K.H. Vousden Regulation of p53 stability by Mdm2 Nature 387 1997 299
70. W.C. Kusser X. Miao B.W. Glickman p53 mutations in human bladder cancer Environ Mol Mutagen 24 1994 156
71. L. Lacombe G. Dalbagni Z.F. Zhang Overexpression of p53 protein in a high-risk population of patients with superficial bladder cancer before and after bacillus Calmette-Guerin therapy: Correlation to clinical outcome J Clin Oncol 14 1996 2646
72. L. Lacombe I. Orlow D. Silver Analysis of p21WAF1/CIP1 in primary bladder tumors Oncol Res 8 1996 409
73. T. Lebret V. Becette M. Barbagelatta Correlation between p53 over expression and response to bacillus Calmette-Guerin therapy in a high risk select population of patients with T1G3 bladder cancer J Urol 159 1998 788
74. C.C. Lee S. Yamamoto K. Morimura Significance of cyclin D1 overexpression in transitional cell carcinomas of the urinary bladder and its correlation with histopathologic features Cancer 79 1997 780
75. P. Levesque N. Ramchurren K. Saini Screening of human bladder tumors and urine sediments for the presence of H-ras mutations Int J Cancer 55 1993 785
76. A.J. Levine J. Momand C.A. Finlay The p53 tumour suppressor gene Nature 351 1991 453
77. B. Li H. Kanamaru S. Noriki Reciprocal expression of bcl-2 and p53 oncoproteins in urothelial dysplasia and carcinoma of the urinary bladder Urol Res 26 1998 235
78. P. Lianes I. Orlow Z.F. Zhang Altered patterns of MDM2 and TP53 expression in human bladder cancer [see comments] J Natl Cancer Inst 86 1994 1325
79. P. Lipponen Expression of c-erbB-2 oncoprotein in transitional cell bladder cancer Eur J Cancer 29A 1993 749
80. P. Lipponen S. Aaltomaa M. Eskelinen Expression of p21 (waf1/cip1) protein in transitional cell bladder tumours and its prognostic value Eur Urol 34 1998 237
81. P. Lipponen M. Eskelinen Expression of epidermal growth factor receptor in bladder cancer as related to established prognostic factors, oncoprotein (c-erbB-2, p53) expression and long-term prognosis Br J Cancer 69 1994 1120
82. T.J. Liukkonen P.K. Lipponen M. Helle Immunoreactivity of bcl-2, p53 and EGFr is associated with tumor stage, grade and cell proliferation in superficial bladder cancer. Finnbladder III Group Urol Res 25 1997 1
83. E. Mahdy S. Yoshihiro L. Zech Comparison of comparative genomic hybridization, fluorescence in situ hybridization and flow cytometry in urinary bladder cancer Anticancer Res 19 1999 7
84. S.B. Malkowicz J.E. Tomaszewski A.J. Linnenbach Novel p21WAF1/CIP1 mutations in superficial and invasive transitional cell carcinomas Oncogene 13 1996 1831
85. P.R. Malone K.V. Visvanathan B.A. Ponder Oncogenes and bladder cancer Br J Urol 57 1985 664
86. H. Matsushime M.F. Roussel R.A. Ashmun Colony-stimulating factor 1 regulates novel cyclins during the G1 phase of the cell cycle Cell 65 1991 701
87. H. Matsuyama Y. Pan E.A. Mahdy p53 deletion as a genetic marker in urothelial tumor by fluorescence in situ hybridization Cancer Res 54 1994 6057
88. K. Mellon C. Wright P. Kelly Long-term outcome related to epidermal growth factor receptor status in bladder cancer J Urol 153 1995 919
89. A.M. Meloni A.M. Peier F.S. Haddad A new approach in the diagnosis and follow-up of bladder cancer: FISH analysis of urine, bladder washings, and tumors Cancer Genet Cytogenet 71 1993 105
90. A. Merlo J.G. Herman L. Mao 5′ CpG island methylation is associated with transcriptional silencing of the tumour suppressor p16/CDKN2/MTS1 in human cancers Nat Med 1 1995 686
91. H. Miyamoto Y. Kubota T. Shuin Analyses of p53 gene mutations in primary human bladder cancer Oncol Res 5 1993 245
92. H. Miyamoto T. Shuin I. Ikeda Loss of heterozygosity at the p53, RB, DCC and APC tumor suppressor gene loci in human bladder cancer J Urol 155 1996 1444
93. H. Miyamoto T. Shuin S. Torigoe Retinoblastoma gene mutations in primary human bladder cancer Br J Cancer 71 1995 831
94. H. Moch G. Sauter D. Moore p53 and erbB-2 protein overexpression are associated with early invasion and metastasis in bladder cancer Virchows Arch A Pathol Anat Histopathol 423 1993 329
95. D.H. Moore L. Epstein J. Reeder Interlaboratory variability in fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis: The NCI Bladder Tumor Marker Network Cytometry 25 1996 125
96. T. Motokura T. Bloom H.G. Kim A novel cyclin encoded by a bcl1-linked candidate oncogene [see comments] Nature 350 1991 512
97. L. Nakopoulou C. Constantinides J. Papandropoulos Evaluation of overexpression of p53 tumor suppressor protein in superficial and invasive transitional cell bladder cancer: Comparison with DNA ploidy Urology 46 1995 334
98. L. Nakopoulou C. Vourlakou A. Zervas The prevalence of bcl-2, p53, and Ki-67 immunoreactivity in transitional cell bladder carcinomas and their clinicopathologic correlates Hum Pathol 29 1998 146
99. D.E. Neal C. Marsh M.K. Bennett Epidermal-growth-factor receptors in human bladder cancer: Comparison of invasive and superficial tumours Lancet 1 1985 366
100. D.E. Neal L. Sharples K. Smith The epidermal growth factor receptor and the prognosis of bladder cancer Cancer 65 1990 1619
101. D.E. Neal K. Smith J.A. Fennelly Epidermal growth factor receptor in human bladder cancer: A comparison of immunohistochemistry and ligand binding J Urol 141 1989 517
102. R. Nemoto I. Nakamura K. Uchida Numerical chromosome aberrations in bladder cancer detected by in situ hybridization Br J Urol 75 1995 470
103. M. Neuhaus U. Wagner U. Schmid Polysomies but not Y chromosome losses have prognostic significance in pTa/pT1 urinary bladder cancer Hum Pathol 30 1999 81
104. P.L. Nguyen P.E. Swanson W. Jaszcz Expression of epidermal growth factor receptor in invasive transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder: A multivariate survival analysis Am J Clin Pathol 101 1994 166
105. H. Okuno Y. Kakehi O. Ogawa Immunocytochemical detection of p53 in cultures of exfoliated cells from urine of patients with urothelial cancers Jpn J Cancer Res 87 1996 718
106. J.D. Oliner K.W. Kinzler P.S. Meltzer Amplification of a gene encoding a p53-associated protein in human sarcomas Nature 358 1992 80
107. A.F. Olumi Y.C. Tsai P.W. Nichols Allelic loss of chromosome 17p distinguishes high grade from low grade transitional cell carcinomas of the bladder Cancer Res 50 1990 7081
108. I. Orlow L. Lacombe G.J. Hannon Deletion of the p16 and p15 genes in human bladder tumors J Natl Cancer Inst 87 1995 1524
109. I. Orlow H. LaRue I. Osman Deletions of the INK4A gene in superficial bladder tumors: Association with recurrence Am J Pathol 155 1999 105
110. H. Ovesen T. Horn K. Steven Long-term efficacy of intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin for carcinoma in situ: Relationship of progression to histological response and p53 nuclear accumulation J Urol 157 1997 1655
111. R. Oyasu L. Nan R.C. Szumel p53 gene mutations in human urothelial carcinomas: Analysis by immunohistochemistry and single-strand conformation polymorphism Mod Pathol 8 1995 170
112. F. Pages T.A. Flam A. Viellefond p53 status does not predict initial clinical response to bacillus Calmette-Guerin intravesical therapy in T1 bladder tumors J Urol 159 1998 1079
113. C. Pfister F. Buzelin C. Casse Comparative analysis of MiB1 and p53 expression in human bladder tumors and their correlation with cancer progression Eur Urol 33 1998 278
114. D. Plastiras G. Moutzouris C. Barbatis Can p53 nuclear over-expression, Bcl-2 accumulation and PCNA status be of prognostic significance in high-risk superficial and invasive bladder tumours? Eur J Surg Oncol 25 1999 61
115. J. Pomerantz N. Schreiber-Agus N.J. Liegeois The Ink4a tumor suppressor gene product, p19Arf, interacts with MDM2 and neutralizes MDM2's inhibition of p53 Cell 92 1998 713
116. Z. Popov A. Hoznek M. Colombel The prognostic value of p53 nuclear overexpression and MIB-1 as a proliferative marker in transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder Cancer 80 1997 1472
117. J.C. Presti Jr V.E. Reuter T. Galan Molecular genetic alterations in superficial and locally advanced human bladder cancer Cancer Res 51 1991 5405
118. A. Pycha C. Mian A. Haitel Fluorescence in situ hybridization identifies more aggressive types of primarily noninvasive (stage pTa) bladder cancer J Urol 157 1997 2116
119. F. Rabbani V.M. Richon I. Orlow Prognostic significance of transcription factor E2F-1 in bladder cancer: Genotypic and phenotypic characterization J Natl Cancer Inst 91 1999 874
120. V. Ravery M. Colombel Z. Popov Prognostic value of epidermal growth factor–receptor, T138 and T43 expression in bladder cancer Br J Cancer 71 1995 196
121. V. Ravery D. Grignon J. Angulo Evaluation of epidermal growth factor receptor, transforming growth factor alpha, epidermal growth factor and c-erbB2 in the progression of invasive bladder cancer Urol Res 25 1997 9
122. E.P. Reddy R.K. Reynolds E. Santos A point mutation is responsible for the acquisition of transforming properties by the T24 human bladder carcinoma oncogene Nature 300 1982 149
123. J.E. Reeder J.F. Morreale M.J. O'Connell Loss of the CDKN2A/p16 locus detected in bladder irrigation specimens by fluorescence in situ hybridization J Urol 158 1997 1717
124. V.E. Reuter M.R. Melamed The lower urinary tract S.S. Sternberg Diagnostic Surgical Pathology 1989 Raven Press New York 1355
125. E. Righi G. Rossi G. Ferrari Does p53 immunostaining improve diagnostic accuracy in urine cytology? Diagn Cytopathol 17 1997 436
126. V. Rotter M. Prokocimer p53 and human malignancies Adv Cancer Res 57 1991 257
127. A.A. Sandberg C.S. Berger Review of chromosome studies in urological tumors. Cytogenetics and molecular genetics of bladder cancer J Urol 151 part 2 1994 545
128. A.S. Sarkis G. Dalbagni C. Cordon-Cardo Association of P53 nuclear overexpression and tumor progression in carcinoma in situ of the bladder J Urol 152 1994 388
129. A.S. Sarkis G. Dalbagni C. Cordon-Cardo Nuclear overexpression of p53 protein in transitional cell bladder carcinoma: A marker for disease progression J Natl Cancer Inst 85 1993 53
130. K. Sato M. Moriyama S. Mori An immunohistologic evaluation of C-erbB-2 gene product in patients with urinary bladder carcinoma Cancer 70 1992 2493
131. G. Sauter P. Carroll H. Moch c-myc Copy number gains in bladder cancer detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization Am J Pathol 146 1995 1131
132. G. Sauter G. Deng H. Moch Physical deletion of the p53 gene in bladder cancer: Detection by fluorescence in situ hybridization Am J Pathol 144 1994 756
133. G. Sauter T.C. Gasser H. Moch DNA aberrations in urinary bladder cancer detected by flow cytometry and FISH Urol Res 25 suppl 1 1997 37
134. G. Sauter H. Moch P. Carroll Chromosome-9 loss detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization in bladder cancer Int J Cancer 64 1995 99
135. G. Sauter H. Moch M.J. Mihatsch Molecular cytogenetics of bladder cancer progression Eur Urol 33 suppl 4 1998 9
136. G. Sauter H. Moch D. Moore Heterogeneity of erbB-2 gene amplification in bladder cancer Cancer Res 53 1993 2199
137. G. Sauter H. Moch U. Wagner Y chromosome loss detected by FISH in bladder cancer Cancer Genet Cytogenet 82 1995 163
138. R. Schapers W. Smeets A. Hopman Heterogeneity in bladder cancer as detected by conventional chromosome analysis and interphase cytogenetics Cancer Genet Cytogenet 70 1993 56
139. B.J. Schmitz-Dräger M. Kushima P. Goebell p53 and MDM2 in the development and progression of bladder cancer Eur Urol 32 1997 487
140. G. Serio PCNA/cyclin expression in transitional cell carcinomas of the human bladder: Its correlation with Ki-67 and epidermal growth factor receptor immunostainings Pathologica 86 1994 161
141. M. Serrano G.J. Hannon D. Beach A new regulatory motif in cell-cycle control causing specific inhibition of cyclin D/CDK4 Nature 366 1993 704
142. J. Serth M.A. Kuczyk C. Bokemeyer p53 immunohistochemistry as an independent prognostic factor for superficial transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder Br J Cancer 71 1995 201
143. H. Shiina M. Igawa H. Nagami Immunohistochemical analysis of proliferating cell nuclear antigen, p53 protein and nm23 protein, and nuclear DNA content in transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder Cancer 78 1996 1762
144. H. Shiina M. Igawa K. Shigeno Clinical significance of mdm2 and p53 expression in bladder cancer: A comparison with cell proliferation and apoptosis Oncology 56 1999 239
145. K.Y. Shin G. Kong W.S. Kim Overexpression of cyclin D1 correlates with early recurrence in superficial bladder cancers Br J Cancer 75 1997 1788
146. D. Sidransky A. Von Eschenbach Y.C. Tsai Identification of p53 gene mutations in bladder cancers and urine samples Science 252 1991 706
147. I. Sigalas A.H. Calvert J.J. Anderson Alternatively spliced mdm2 transcripts with loss of p53 binding domain sequences: Transforming ability and frequent detection in human cancer Nat Med 2 1996 912
148. A. Skopelitou M. Hadjiyannakis D. Dimopoulos p53 and c-jun expression in urinary bladder transitional cell carcinoma: Correlation with proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) histological grade and clinical stage Eur Urol 31 1997 464
149. W. Smeets R. Schapers A. Hopman Concordance between karyotyping and in situ hybridization procedures in the detection of monosomy 9 in bladder cancer Cancer Genet Cytogenet 71 1993 97
150. K. Smith J.A. Fennelly D.E. Neal Characterization and quantitation of the epidermal growth factor receptor in invasive and superficial bladder tumors Cancer Res 49 1989 5810
151. Y. Soini T. Turpeenniemi-Hujanen D. Kamel p53 Immunohistochemistry in transitional cell carcinoma and dysplasia of the urinary bladder correlates with disease progression Br J Cancer 68 1993 1029
152. T. Sørlie G. Martel-Planche P. Hainaut Analysis of p53, p16MTS, p21WAF1 and H-ras in archived bladder tumours from workers exposed to aromatic amines Br J Cancer 77 1998 1573
153. S. Sriplakich S. Jahnson M.G. Karlsson Epidermal growth factor receptor expression: Predictive value for the outcome after cystectomy for bladder cancer? BJU Int 83 1999 498
154. J.P. Stein D.A. Ginsberg G.D. Grossfeld Effect of p21WAF1/CIP1 expression on tumor progression in bladder cancer J Natl Cancer Inst 90 1998 1072
155. C.J. Tabin S.M. Bradley C.I. Bargmann Mechanism of activation of a human oncogene Nature 300 1982 143
156. R. Takahashi T. Hashimoto H.J. Xu The retinoblastoma gene functions as a growth and tumor suppressor in human bladder carcinoma cells Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 88 1991 5257
157. P. Tenti R. Zappatore S. Romagnoli p53 Overexpression and human papillomavirus infection in transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder: Correlation with histological parameters J Pathol 178 1996 65
158. B. Tetu Y. Fradet P. Allard Prevalence and clinical significance of HER/2neu, p53 and Rb expression in primary superficial bladder cancer J Urol 155 1996 1784
159. D. Theodorescu K.R. Laderoute K.M. Gulding Epidermal growth factor receptor-regulated human bladder cancer motility is in part a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-mediated process Cell Growth Differ 9 1998 919
160. D.J. Thomas M.C. Robinson R. Charlton P53 expression, ploidy and progression in pT1 transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder Br J Urol 73 1994 533
161. Y.C. Tsai P.W. Nichols A.L. Hiti Allelic losses of chromosomes 9, 11, and 17 in human bladder cancer Cancer Res 50 1990 44
162. M. Tsuji K. Kojima Y. Murakami Prognostic value of Ki-67 antigen and p53 protein in urinary bladder cancer: Immunohistochemical analysis of radical cystectomy specimens Br J Urol 79 1997 367
163. T. Uchida C. Wada H. Ishida p53 Mutations and prognosis in bladder tumors J Urol 153 1995 1097
164. M.A. Underwood J. Reeves G. Smith Overexpression of p53 protein and its significance for recurrent progressive bladder tumours Br J Urol 77 1996 659
165. D.M. Valenzuela J. Groffen Four human carcinoma cell lines with novel mutations in position 12 of c-K-ras oncogene Nucleic Acids Res 14 1986 843
166. V. Vatne H. Maartmann-Moe J. Hoestmark Flow cytometric DNA and p53 analysis in superficially infiltrating bladder carcinoma Anticancer Res 14 1994 2735
167. V. Vatne H. Maartmann-Moe J. Hoestmark The prognostic value of p53 in superficially infiltrating transitional cell carcinoma Scand J Urol Nephrol 29 1995 491
168. J.A. Vet P.P. Bringuier P.J. Poddighe p53 Mutations have no additional prognostic value over stage in bladder cancer Br J Cancer 70 1994 496
169. J.A. Vet P.P. Bringuier H.E. Schaafsma Comparison of P53 protein overexpression with P53 mutation in bladder cancer: Clinical and biologic aspects Lab Invest 73 1995 837
170. J.A. Vet D. Hessels S.A. Marras Comparative analysis of p53 mutations in bladder washings and histologic specimens Am J Clin Pathol 110 1998 647
171. M.V. Viola F. Fromowitz S. Oravez ras Oncogene p21 expression is increased in premalignant lesions and high grade bladder carcinoma J Exp Med 161 1985 1213
172. C. Voorter S. Joos P.P. Bringuier Detection of chromosomal imbalances in transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder by comparative genomic hybridization Am J Pathol 146 1995 1341
173. S. Waga G.J. Hannon D. Beach The p21 inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases controls DNA replication by interaction with PCNA Nature 369 1994 574
174. U. Wagner L. Bubendorf T.C. Gasser Chromosome 8p deletions are associated with invasive tumor growth in urinary bladder cancer Am J Pathol 151 1997 753
175. U. Wagner G. Sauter H. Moch Patterns of p53, erbB-2, and EGF-r expression in premalignant lesions of the urinary bladder Hum Pathol 26 1995 970
176. F.M. Waldman P.R. Carroll R. Kerschmann Centromeric copy number of chromosome 7 is strongly correlated with tumor grade and labeling index in human bladder cancer Cancer Res 51 1991 3807
177. W. Warren P.J. Biggs M. el-Baz Mutations in the p53 gene in schistosomal bladder cancer: A study of 92 tumours from Egyptian patients and a comparison between mutational spectra from schistosomal and non-schistosomal urothelial tumours Carcinogenesis 16 1995 1181
178. L.L. Wheeless J.E. Reeder R. Han Bladder irrigation specimens assayed by fluorescence in situ hybridization to interphase nuclei Cytometry 17 1994 319
179. D.P. Wood Jr A.E. Anderson R. Fair Ras oncogene point mutations in bladder cancer resistant to cisplatin Urol Res 20 1992 313
180. D.P. Wood Jr W.R. Fair R.S. Chaganti Evaluation of epidermal growth factor receptor DNA amplification and mRNA expression in bladder cancer J Urol 147 1992 274
181. D.P. Wood Jr D.D. Wartinger V. Reuter DNA, RNA and immunohistochemical characterization of the HER-2/neu oncogene in transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder J Urol 146 1991 1398
182. C. Wright D. Thomas K. Mellon Expression of retinoblastoma gene product and p53 protein in bladder carcinoma: Correlation with Ki67 index Br J Urol 75 1995 173
183. H.J. Xu P. Cairns S.X. Hu Loss of RB protein expression in primary bladder cancer correlates with loss of heterozygosity at the RB locus and tumor progression Int J Cancer 53 1993 781
184. X. Xu M.J. Stower I.N. Reid Molecular screening of multifocal transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder using p53 mutations as biomarkers Clin Cancer Res 2 1996 1795
185. L. Yamasaki T. Jacks R. Bronson Tumor induction and tissue atrophy in mice lacking E2F-1 Cell 85 1996 537
186. Y. Yasunaga H. Nakanishi N. Naka Alterations of the p53 gene in occupational bladder cancer in workers exposed to aromatic amines Lab Invest 77 1997 677
187. D.W. Ye J.F. Zheng S.X. Qian Expression of p53 product in Chinese human bladder carcinoma Urol Res 21 1993 223
188. F.F. Zhang D.A. Arber T.G. Wilson Toward the validation of aneusomy detection by fluorescence in situ hybridization in bladder cancer: Comparative analysis with cytology, cytogenetics, and clinical features predicts recurrence and defines clinical testing limitations Clin Cancer Res 3 1997 2317
189. Z.-F. Zhang G. Steineck Epidemiology and etiology of bladder cancer D. Raghavan H.I. Scher S.A. Leibel Principles and Practice of Genitourinary Oncology 1996 JB Lippincott Philadelphia 215
190. H.E. Zhau X. Zhang A.C. von Eschenbach Amplification and expression of the c-erb B-2/neu proto-oncogene in human bladder cancer Mol Carcinog 3 1990 254
191. A.R. Zlotta J.C. Noel I. Fayt Correlation and prognostic significance of p53, p21WAF1/CIP1 and Ki-67 expression in patients with superficial bladder tumors treated with bacillus Calmette-Guerin intravesical therapy J Urol 161 1999 792