Molecular mechanisms controlling actin filament dynamics in nonmuscle cells

Annual Review of Biophysics and Biomolecular Structure

Volumn 29, Issue , 2000, Pages 545-576

  Pollard, Thomas D ^a   Blanchoin, Laurent ^a   Mullins, R Dyche ^b  

^a SALK INSTITUTE FOR BIOLOGICAL STUDIES   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

ADF cofilins; Arp2 3 complex; Cell motility; Profilin; WASp

Indexed keywords

ACTIN; CELL SURFACE RECEPTOR; COFILIN; GUANOSINE TRIPHOSPHATASE; PROFILIN; THYMOSIN;

ACTIN FILAMENT; BINDING AFFINITY; CATALYSIS; CELL MOTILITY; DEPOLYMERIZATION; POLYMERIZATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN ANALYSIS; PROTEIN BINDING; PROTEIN FAMILY; REVIEW; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; STRUCTURE ACTIVITY RELATION;

ADENOSINE DIPHOSPHATE; ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE; ANIMALS; CELL MOVEMENT; CELL NUCLEUS; CELLS, CULTURED; CONTRACTILE PROTEINS; CYTOPLASM; DENDRITES; HUMANS; HYDROLYSIS; MICROFILAMENT PROTEINS; MICROFILAMENTS; MODELS, BIOLOGICAL; PROFILINS; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION;

VESPIDAE;

EID: 0033895234     PISSN: 10568700     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1146/annurev.biophys.29.1.545     Document Type: Review

References (153)

1. 1. Abdul-Manan N, Aghazadeh B, Liu GA, Majumdar A, Ouerfelli O, et al. 1999. Structure of Cdc42 in complex with the GTPase-binding domain of the 'Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome' protein. Nature 399:379-83
2. 1a. Abraham VC, Krishnamurthi V, Taylor DL, Lanni F. 1999. The actin-based nano-machine at the leading edge of micrating cells. Biophys. J. 77:1721-32
3. 2. Agnew BJ, Minamide LS, Bamburg JR. 1995. Reactivation of phosphorylated actin depolymerizing factor and identification of the regulatory site. J. Biol. Chem. 270:17582-87
4. 3. Allen WE, Zicha D, Ridley AJ, Jones GE. 1998. A role for Cdc42 in macrophage chemotaxis. J. Cell Biol. 141:1147-57
5. 4. Amatruda JF, Cannon JF, Tatchell K, Hug C, Cooper JA. 1990. Disruption of the actin cytoskeleton in yeast capping protein mutants. Nature 344:352-54
6. 5. Azuma T, Witke W, Stossel TP, Hartwig JH, Kwiatkowski DJ. 1998. Gelsolin is a downstream effector of rac for fibroblast motility. EMBO J. 17:1362-70
7. 6. Bailly M, Macaluso F, Cammer M, Chan A, Segall JE, Condeelis JS. 1999. Relationship between Arp2/3 complex and the barbed ends of actin filaments at the leading edge of carcinoma cells after epidermal growth factor stimulation. J. Cell Biol. 145:331-45
8. 7. Bamburg JR, Harris HE, Weeds AG. 1980. Partial purification and characterization of an actin depolymerizing factor from brain. FEBS Lett. 121:178-82
9. 8. Bamburg JR, McGough A, Ono S. 1999. Putting a new twist on actin: ADF/cofilins modulate actin dynamics. Trends Cell Biol. 9:364-70
10. 9. Barkalow K, Hartwig JH. 1995. The role of filament barbed-end exposure in cytoskeletal dynamics and cell motility. Biochem. Soc. Trans. 23:451-56
11. 10. Barkalow K, Witke W, Kwiatkowski DJ, Hartwig JH. 1996. Coordinated regulation of platelet actin filament barbed ends by gelsolin and capping protein. J. Cell Biol. 134:389-99
12. 11. Bear JE, Rawls JF, Saxe CL. 1998. Scar, a Wasp-related protein, isolated as a suppressor of receptor defects in late Dictyostelium development. J. Cell Biol. 142:1325-35
13. 12. Bernstein BW, Bamburg Jr. 1982. Tropomyosin binding to F-actin protects the F-actin from disassembly by brain actin-depolymerizing factor (ADF). Cell Motil. 2:1-8
14. 12a. Blanchoin L, Amann Kj, Higgs HN, Marchand J-B, Kaiser DA, Pollard TD. 2000. Direct observation of dendritic actin filament networks nucleated by Arp2/3 complex and Wasp/Scar proteins. Nature. In press
15. 13. Blanchoin L, Pollard TD. 1998. Interaction of actin monomers with Acanthamoeba actophorin (ADF/cofilin) and profilin. J. Biol. Chem. 273:25106-11
16. 14. Blanchoin L, Pollard TD. 1999. Mechanism of interaction of Acanthamoeba actophorin (ADF/cofilin) with actin filaments. J. Biol. Chem. 274:15538-46
17. 15. Blanchoin L, Pollard TD. 2000. Effect of actin binding proteins on ATP hydrolysis by polymerized actin.
18. 16. Blanchoin L, Pollard TD, Mullins RD. 2000. Disassembly of dendritic networks of capped actin filaments by ADF/cofilin. Submitted
19. 17. Blanchoin L, Robinson RC, Choe S, Pollard TD. 2000. Phosphorylation of Acanthamoeba actophorin (ADF/cofilin) blocks interaction with actin without a change in atomic structure. J. Mol. Biol. 295:203-11
20. 18. Bray D, Thomas C. 1976. Unpolymerized actin in fibroblasts and brain. J. Mol. Biol. 105:527-44
21. 19. Carlier M-F, Pantaloni D. 1988. Binding of phosphate to F-ADP-actin and role of F-ADP-Pi-actin in ATP-actin polymerization. J. Biol. Chem. 263:817-25
22. 20. Carlier MF. 1987. Measurement of Pi dissociation from actin-filaments following ATP hydrolysis using a linked enzyme assay. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 143:1069-75
23. 21. Carlier MF. 1998. Control of actin dynamics. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 10:45-51
24. 22. Carlier MF, Jean C, Rieger KJ, Lenfant M, Pantaloni D. 1993. Modulation of the interaction between G-actin and thymosin β4 by the ATP/ADP ratio : possible implication in the regulation of actin dynamics. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90:5034-38
25. 23. Carlier MF, Laurent V, Santolini J, Melki R, Didry D, et al. 1997. Actin depolymerizing factor (ADF/cofilin) enhances the rate of filament turnover: implication in actin-based motility J. Cell Biol. 136:1307-22
26. 24. Carlier MF, Pantaloni D, Evans JA, Lambooy PK, Korn ED, Webb MR. 1988. The hydrolysis of ATP that accompanies actin polymerization is essentially irreversible. FEBS Lett. 235:211-14
27. 2+ at the high-affinity sites on the polymerization of actin and associated ATP hydrolysis. J. Biol. Chem. 261:10785-92.
28. 26. Casella JF, Maack DJ, Lin S. 1986. Purification and initial characterization of a protein from skeletal muscle that caps the barbed ends of actin filaments. J. Biol. Chem. 261:10915-21
29. 27. Cassimeris L, McNeill H, Zigmond SH. 1990. Chemoattractant-stimulated polymorphonuclear leukocytes contain two populations of actin filaments that differ in their spatial distributions and relative stabilities. J. Cell Biol. 110:1067-75
30. 28. Condeelis J. 1993. Life at the leading edge: the formation of cell protrusions. Annu. Rev. Cell Biol. 9:411-44
31. 29. Cooper JA. 1991. The role of actin polymerization in cell motility. Annu. Rev. Physiol. 53:585-605
32. 30. Cooper JA, Blum JD, Williams RC Jr, Pollard TD. 1986. Purification and characterization of actophorin, anew 15,000 dalton actin binding protein from Acanthamoeba castellanii. J. Biol. Chem. 261:477-85
33. 31. Didry D, Carlier M-F, Pantaloni D. 1998. Synergy between actin depolymerizing factor/cofilin and profilin in increasing actin filament turnover. J. Biol. Chem. 273:25602-11
34. 32. DiNubile MJ, Cassimeris L, Joyce M, Zigmond SH. 1995. Actin filament barbed-end capping activity in neutrophil lysates: the role of capping protein-β2. Mol. Biol. Cell 6:1659-71
35. 33. Drenckhahn D, Pollard TD. 1986. Elongation of actin filaments is a diffusion-limited reaction at the barbed end and is accelerated by inert macromolecules. J. Biol. Chem. 261:12754-58
36. 34. Du J, Frieden C. 1998. Kinetics studies on the effect of yeast cofilin on yeast actin polymerization. Biochemistry 37:13276-84
37. 35. Eddy RJ, Han J, Condeelis JS. 1997. Capping protein terminates but does not initiate chemoattractant-induced actin assembly in Dictyostelium. J. Cell Biol. 139:1243-53
38. 36. Edwards DC, Sanders LC, Bokoch GM, Gill GN. 1999. Activation of Lim-kinase by Pak1 couples Rac/Cdc4242 GTPase signalling to actin cytoskeletal dynamics. Nat. Cell Biol. 1:253-59
39. 37. Egile C, Loisel TP, Laurent V, Li R, Pantaloni D, et al. 1999. Activation of the Cdc42 effector N-WASP by the Shigella flexneri IcsA protein promotes actin nucleation by Arp2/3 complex and bacterial actin-based motility. J. Cell Biol. 146:1319-32
40. 38. Fechheimer M, Zigmond SD. 1983. Changes in cytoskeletal proteins of polymorphonuclear leukocytes induced by chemotactic peptides. Cell Motil. 3:349-61
41. 39. Fedorov AA, Fedorov E, Gertler F, Almo SC. 1999. Structure of EVH1, a novel proline-rich ligand-binding module involved in cytoskeletal dynamics and neural function. Nat. Struct. Biol. 6:661-65
42. 40. Forscher P, Smith SJ. 1988. Actions of cytochalasins on the organization of actin filaments and microtubules in a neuronal growth cone. J. Cell Biol. 107:1505-16
43. 41. Gerisch G. 1982. Chemotaxis in Dictyostelium. Annu. Rev. Physiol. 44:535-52
44. 42. Goldschmidt-Clermont PJ, Furman MI, Wachsstock D, Safer D, Nachmias VT, Pollard TD. 1992. The control of actin nucleotide exchange by thymosinβ4 and profilin: a potential regulatory mechanism for actin polymerization in cells. Mol. Biol. Cell 3:1015-24
45. 43. Gordon DJ, Eisenberg E, Korn ED. 1976. Characterization of a cytoplasmic actin isolated from Acanthamoeba castellanii by a new method. J. Biol. Chem. 251:4778-86
46. 44. Gutsche-Perelroizen I, Lepault J, Ott A, Carlier MF. 1999. Filament assembly from profilin-actin. J. Biol. Chem. 274:6234-43
47. 45. Hall A. 1998. Rho GTPases and the actin cytoskeleton. Science 279:509-14
48. 46. Hartwig JH. 1992. Mechanisms of actin rearrangements mediating platelet activation. J. Cell Biol. 118:1421-42
49. 47. Hartwig JH, Bokoch GM, Carpenter CL, Janmey PA, Taylor LA, et al. 1995. Thrombin receptor ligation and activated Rac uncap actin filament barbed ends through phosphoinositide synthesis in permeabilized human platelets. Cell 82:643-53
50. 48. Hawkins M, Pope B, Maciver SK, Weeds AG. 1993. Human actin depolymerizing factor mediates a pH-sensitive destruction of actin filaments. Biochemistry 32:9985-93
51. 49. Heintzelman MB, Mooseker MS. 1992. Assembly of the intestinal brush border cytoskeleton. Curr. Top. Dev. Biol. 26:93-122
52. 50. Higgs HN, Blanchoin L, Pollard TD. 1999. Influence of the C terminus of Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASp) the Arp2/3 complex on actin polymerization. Biochemistry 38:15212-22
53. 51. Higgs HN, Pollard TD. 1999. Regulation of actin polymerization by Arp2/3 complex and WASp/Scar proteins. J. Biol. Chem. 274:32531-34
54. 52. Hill TL, Kirschner MW. 1982. Bioenergetics and kinetics of microtubule and actin filament assembly-disassembly. Int. Rev. Cytol. 78:1-125
55. 53. Huang M, Yang C, Schafer DA, Cooper JA, Higgs HN, Zigmond SH. 1999. Cdc42-induced actin filaments are protected from capping protein. Curr. Biol. 9:979-82
56. 54. Hug C, Jay PY, Reddy I, McNally JG, Bridgman PC, et al. 1995. Capping protein levels influence actin assembly and cell motility in Dictyostelium. Cell 81:591-600
57. 55. Isenberg GH, Aebi U, Pollard TD. 1980. An actin binding protein from Acanthamoeba regulates actin filament polymerization and interactions. Nature 288:455-59
58. 56. Janmey PA. 1994. Phosphoinositides and calcium as regulators of cellular actin assembly and disassembly. Annu. Rev. Physiol. 56:169-91
59. 57. Kaiser DA, Vinson VK, Murphy DB, Pollard TD. 1999. Profilin is predominantly associated with monomeric actin in Acanthamoeba. J. Cell Sci. 112:3779-90
60. 57a. Kang F, Purich DL, Southwick FS. 1999. Profilin promotes barbed-end actin filament assembly without lowering the critical concentration. J. Biol. Chem. 274:36963-72
61. 58. Kelleher JF, Atkinson SJ, Pollard. TD. 1995. Sequences, structural models, and cellular localization of the actin-related proteins Arp2 and Arp3 from Acanthamoeba. J. Cell Biol. 131:385-97
62. 2+ regulation of gelsolin activity: binding and severing of F-actin. Biophys. J. 75:3101-9
63. 60. Konzok A, Weber I, Simmeth E, Hacker U, Maniak M, Muller-Taubenberger A. 1999. DAip1, a Dictyostelium homologue of the yeast actin-interacting protein 1, is involved in endocytosis, cytokinesis, and motility. J. Cell Biol. 146:453-64
64. 61. Lappalainen P, Drubin DG. 1997. Cofilin promotes rapid actin filament turnover in vivo. Nature 388:78-82. Erratum. 1997. Nature 389:211
65. 62. Lazarides E. 1976. Actin, alpha-actinin and tropomyosin interaction in the structural organization of actin filaments in non-muscle cells. J. Cell Biol. 68:202-19
66. 63. Loisel TP, Boujemaa R, Pantaloni D, Carlier MF. 1999. Reconstitution of actin-based motility of Listeria and Shigella using pure proteins. Nature 401:613-16
67. 64. Luby-Phelps K. 1994. Physical properties of cytoplasm. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 6:3-9
68. 65. Ma L, Rohatgi R, Kirschner MW. 1998. The Arp2/3 complex mediates actin polymerization induced by the small GTP-binding protein Cdc42. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95:15362-67
69. 66. Mabuchi I. 1983. An actin depolymerizing protein (depactin) from starfish oocytes: properties and interactions with actin. J. Cell Biol. 97:1612-21
70. 67. Machesky LM, Atkinson SJ, Ampe C, Vandekerckhove J, Pollard TD. 1994. Purification of a cortical complex containing two unconventional actins from Acanthamoeba by affinity chromatography on profilin agarose. J. Cell Biol. 127:107-15
71. 68. Machesky LM, Insall RH. 1998. Scarl and the related Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein WASP regulate the actin cytoskeleton through the Arp2/3 complex. Curr. Biol. 8:1347-56
72. 69. Machesky LM, Insall RH. 1999. Signaling to actin dynamics. J. Cell Biol. 146:267-72
73. 70. Machesky LM, Mullins DM, Higgs HN, Kaiser DA, Blanchoin L, et al. 1999. Scar, a WASp-related protein, activates nucleation of actin filaments by the Arp2/3 complex. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96:3739-44
74. 71. Maciver SK. 1998. How ADF/cofilin depolymerizes actin filaments. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 10:140-44
75. 72. Maciver SK, Pope BJ, Whytock S, Weeds AG. 1998. The effect of two actin depolymerizing factors (ADF/cofilins) on actin filament turnover: pH sensitivity of F-actin binding by human ADF, but not of Acanthamoeba actophorin. Eur. J. Biochem. 256:388-97
76. 73. Maciver SK, Wachsstock DH, Schwarz WH, Pollard TD. 1991. The actin filament severing protein actophorin promotes the formation of rigid bundles of actin filaments crosslinked with alpha-actinin. J. Cell Biol. 115:1621-28
77. 74. Maciver SK, Zot HG, Pollard TD. 1991. Characterization of actin filament severing by actophorin from Acanthamoeba castellanii. J. Cell Biol. 115:611-20
78. 74a. Mallavarapu A, Mitchison T. 1999. Regulated actin cytoskeleton assembly at filopodium tips controls their extension and retraction. J. Cell. Biol. 146:1097-1106
79. 75. McGough A, Pope B, Chiu W, Weeds A. 1997. Cofilin changes the twist of F-actin: implications for actin filament dynamics and cellular function. J. Cell. Biol. 138:771-81
80. 76. Meberg PJ, Ono S, Minamide LS, Takahashi M, Bamburg JR. 1998. Actin depolymerizing factor and cofilin phosphorylation dynamics: response to signals that regulate neurite extension. Cell Motil. Cytoskelet. 39:172-90
81. 77. Melki R, Fievez S, Carlier M-F. 1996. Continuous monitoring of Pi release following nucleotide hydrolysis in actin or tubulin assembly using 2-amino-6mercapto-7-methylpurine ribonucleoside and purine-nucleoside phosphorylase as an enzyme-linked assay. Biochemistry 35:12038-45
82. 78. Miki H, Suetsugu S, Takenawa T. 1998. Wave, a novel WASP-family protein involved in actin reorganization induced by Rac. EMBO J. 17:6932-41
83. 79. Mitchison TJ, Cramer LP. 1996. Actin-based cell motility and cell locomotion. Cell 84:371-79
84. 80. Miyata H, Hotani H. 1992. Morphological changes in liposomes caused by polymerization of encapsulated actin and spontaneous formation of actin bundles. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89:11547-51
85. 81. Miyata H, Nishiyama S, Akashi K, Kinosita K Jr. 1999. Protrusive growth from giant liposomes driven by actin polymerization. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96:2048-53
86. 82. Mogilner A, Oster G. 1996. Cell motility driven by actin polymerization. Biophys. J. 71:3030-3045
87. 83. Mullins RD, Heuser JA, Pollard TD. 1998. The interaction of Arp2/3 complex with actin: nucleation, high-affinity pointed end capping, and formation of branching networks of filaments. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95:6181-86
88. 84. Mullins RD, Pollard TD. 1999. Rho-family GTPases require the Arp2/3 complex to stimulate actin polymerization in Acanthamoeba extracts. Curr. Biol. 9:405-15
89. 85. Mullins RD, Pollard TD. 1999. Structure and function of the Arp2/3 complex. Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol. 9:244-49
90. 86. Mullins RD, Stafford WF, Pollard TD. 1997. Structure, subunit topology, and actin-binding activity of the Arp2/3 complex from Acanthamoeba. J. Cell Biol. 136:331-43
91. 87. Nachmias VT, Yoshida K-L. 1988. The cytoskeleton of the blood platelet: a dynamic structure. Adv. Cell Biol. 2:181-211
92. 88. Nebl G, Meuer SC, Samstag Y. 1996. Dephosphorylation of serine 3 regulates nuclear translocation of cofilin. J. Biol. Chem. 271:26276-80
93. 89. Nishida E. 1985. Opposite effects of cofilin and profilin from porcine brain on rate of exchange of actin-bound adenosine 5′-triphosphate. Biochemistry 24:1160-64
94. 90. Nishida E, Maekawa S, Muneyuki E, Sakai H. 1984. Action of a 19K protein from porcine brain on actin polymerization: a new functional class of actin-binding proteins. J. Biochem. 95:387-98
95. 91. Nishida E, Muneyuki E, Maekawa S, Ohta Y, Sakai H. 1985. An actin-depolymerizing protein (destrin) from porcine kidney: its action on F-actin containing or lacking tropomyosin. Biochemistry 24:6624-30
96. 92. Ochs HD. 1998. The Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome. Semin. Hematol. 35:332-45
97. 93. Okada K, Obinata T, Abe H. 1999. XAIP1: a Xenopus homologue of yeast actin interacting protein 1 (AIP1), which induces disassembly of actin filaments cooperatively with ADF/cofilin family proteins. J. Cell Sci. 112:1553-65
98. 94. Pantaloni D, Carlier MF. 1993. How profilin promotes actin filament assembly in the presence of thymosin β4. Cell 75: 1007-14
99. 95. Pardee JD, Simpson PA, Stryer L, Spudich JA. 1982. Actin-filaments undergo limited subunit exchange in physiological salt conditions. J. Cell Biol. 94:316-24
100. 96. Perelroizen I, Didry D, Christensen H, Chua NH, Carlier MF. 1996. Role of nucleotide exchange and hydrolysis in the function of profilin in actin assembly. J. Biol. Chem. 271:12302-9
101. 97. Perelroizen I, Marchand JB, Blanchoin L, Didry D, Carlier MF. 1994. Interaction of profilin with G-actin and poly(L-proline). Biochemistry 33:8472-78
102. 98. Peskin CS, Odell GM, Oster GF. 1993. Cellular motions and thermal fluctuations: the Brownian ratchet. Biophys. J. 65:316-24
103. 99. Pieper U, Wegner A. 1996. The end of a polymerizing actin filament contains numerous ATP-subunit segments that are disconnected by ADP-subunits resulting from ATP hydrolysis. Biochemistry 35:4396-402
104. 100. Pollard TD. 1986. Rate constants for the reactions of ATP-and ADP-actin with the ends of actin filaments. J. Cell Biol. 103:2747-54
105. 101. Pollard TD. 1999. Introduction to actin and actin-binding proteins. In Guidebook to the Cytoskeletal and Motor Proteins, ed. T Kreis, R. Vale, pp. 3-11.Oxford, UK: Oxford Univ. Press. 2nd ed.
106. 102. Pollard TD, Almo SC, Quirk S, Vinson V, Lattman EE. 1994. Structure of actin binding proteins: insights about function at atomic resolution. Annu. Rev. Cell Biol. 10:207-49
107. 103. Pollard TD, Cooper JA. 1984. Quantitative analysis of the effect of Acanthamoeba profilin on actin filament nucleation and elongation. Biochemistry 23: 6631-41
108. 104. Pollard TD, Cooper JA. 1986. Actin and actin-binding proteins, a critical evaluation of mechanisms and functions. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 55:987-1035
109. 105. Pollard TD, Goldberg I, Schwarz WH. 1992. Nucleotide exchange, structure and mechanical properties of filaments assembled from the ATP-actin and ADP-actin. J. Biol. Chem. 267:20339-45
110. 106. Pollard TD, Tseng PC-H, Rimm DL, Bichell DP, Williams RC, Sinard J. 1986. Characterization of alpha-actinin from Acanthamoeba. Cell Motil. 6:649-61
111. 107. Pollard TD, Weeds AG. 1984. The rate constant for ATP hydrolysis by polymerized actin. FEBS Lett. 170:94-98
112. 108. Prehoda KE, Lee DJ, Lim WA. 1999. Structure of the enabled/VASP homology 1 domain-peptide complex: a key component in the spatial control of actin assembly. Cell 97:471-80
113. 109. Pring M, Weber A, Bubb M. 1992. Profilin-actin complexes directly elongate actin filaments at the barbed end. Biochemistry 31:1827-36
114. 110. Quirk S, Maciver SK, Ampe C, Doberstein SK, Kaiser DA, et al. 1993. Primary structure and studies of Acanthamoeba actophorin. Biochemistry 32:8525-33
115. 111. Ressad F, Didry D, Egile C, Pantaloni D, Carlier MF. 1999. Control of actin filament length and turnover by actin depolymerizing factor (ADF/cofilin) in the presence of capping proteins and Arp2/3 complex. J. Biol. Chem. 274:20970-6
116. 112. Ressad F, Didry D, Xia G-X, Hong Y, Chua N-H, et al. 1998. Kinetics analysis of the interaction of actin-depolymerizing factor ADF/cofilin with G-and F-actins. J. Biol. Chem. 273:20894-902
117. 113. Rickard JE, Sheterline P. 1986. Cytoplasmic concentrations of inorganic phosphate affect the critical concentration for assembly of actin in the presence of cytochalasin D or ADP. J. Mol. Biol. 80:273-79
118. 114. Rodal AA, Tetreault JW, Lappalainen P, Drubin DG, Amberg DC. 1999. Aip1p interacts with cofilin to disassemble actin filaments. J. Cell Biol. 145:1251-64
119. 115. Rohatgi R, Ma L, Miki H, Lopez M, Kirchhausen T, et al. 1999. The interaction between N-WASP and the Arp2/3 complex links Cdc42-dependent signals to actin assembly. Cell 97:221-31
120. 116. Rosenblatt J, Agnew BJ, Abe H, Bamburg JR, Mitchison TJ. 1997. Xenopus actin depolymerizing factor/cofilin (XAC) is responsible for the turnover of actin filaments in Listeria monocytogenes tails. J. Cell Biol. 136:1323-32
121. 117. Rosenblatt J, Peluso P, Mitchison TJ. 1995. The bulk of unpolymerized actin in Xenopus egg extracts is ATP-bound. Mol. Biol. Cell 6:227-36
122. 118. Safer D, Nachmias VT. 1994. Beta thymosins as actin binding peptides. Bioessays 16:473-79
123. 119. Safer D, Sosnick TR, Elzinga M. 1997. Thymosin beta 4 binds actin in an extended conformation and contacts both the barbed and pointed ends. Biochemistry 36:5806-16
124. 120. Sanders MC, Wang YL. 1990. Exogenous nucleation sites fail to induce detectable polymerization of actin in living cells. J. Cell Biol. 110:359-65
125. 121. Schafer DA, Hug C, Cooper JA. 1995. Inhibition of CapZ during myofibrillogenesis alters assembly of actin filaments. J. Cell Biol. 128:61-70
126. 122. Schafer DA, Jennings PB, Cooper JA. 1996. Dynamics of capping protein and actin assembly in vitro: uncapping barbed ends by polyphosphoinositides. J. Cell Biol. 135:169-79
127. 123. Schutt C, Myslik JC, Rozychi MD, Goonesekere NCW, Lindberg U. 1993. The structure of crystalline profilin-β-actin. Nature 365:810-16
128. 124. Schwob E, Martin RP. 1992. New yeast actin-like gene required late in the cell cycle. Nature 355:179-82
129. 125. Sept D, Elcock AH, McCammon JA. 1999. Computer simulations of actin polymerization can explain barbed-pointed end asymmetry. J. Mol. Biol. 294:1181-89
130. 126. Small JV, Herzog M, Anderson K. 1995. Actin filament organization in the fish keratocyte lamellipodium. J. Cell Biol. 129:1275-86
131. 127. Suetsugu S, Miki H, Takenawa T. 1998. The essential role of profilin in the assembly of actin for microspike formation. EMBO J. 17:6516-26
132. 128. Svitkina TM, Borisy GG. 1999. Arp2/3 complex and actin depolymerizing factor/cofilin in dendritic organization and treadmilling of actin filament array in Lamellipodia. J. Cell Biol. 145:1009-26
133. 129. Svitkina TM, Borisy GG. 1999. Progress in protrusion: the tell-tale scar. Trends Biochem. Sci. 24:432-36
134. 130. Svitkina TM, Verkhovsky AB, McQuade KM, Borisy GG. 1997. Analysis of the actin-myosin II system in fish epidermal keratocytes: mechanism of cell body translocation. J. Cell Biol. 139:397-415
135. 131. Teubner A, Wegner A. 1998. Kinetic evidence for a readily exchangeable nucleotide at the terminal subunit of the barbed ends of actin filaments. Biochemistry 37:7532-38
136. 132. Theriot JA, Mitchison TJ. 1991. Actin microfilament dynamics in locomoting cells. Nature 352:126-31
137. 133. Tilney LG, Bonder EM, DeRosier DJ. 1981. Actin filaments elongate from their membrane-associated ends. J. Cell Biol. 90:485-94
138. 134. Tseng PCH, Runge MS, Cooper JA, Williams RC Jr, Pollard TD. 1984. Physical, immunochemical, and functional properties of Acanthamoeba profilin. J. Cell Biol. 98:214-21
139. 135. Vaduva G, Martin NC, Hopper AK. 1997. Actin-binding verprolin is a polarity development protein required for the morphogenesis and function of the yeast actin cytoskeleton. J. Cell Biol. 139:1821-33
140. 136. Vinson VK, De La Cruz EM, Higgs HN, Pollard TD. 1998. Interactions of Acanthamoeba profilin with actin and nucleotides bound to actin. Biochemistry 37:10871-80
141. 137. Wachsstock DH, Schwarz WH, Pollard TD. 1993. Structure and mechanical-properties of actin filament gels. Biophys. J. 65:205-14
142. 138. Wang Y. 1985. Exchange of actin subunits at the leading edge of living fibroblasts: possible role of treadmilling. J. Cell Biol. 101:597-602
143. 139. Way M, Gooch J, Pope B, Weeds AG. 1989. Expression of human plasma gelsolin in Escherichia coli and dissection of actin binding sites by segmental deletion mutagenesis. J. Cell Biol. 109:593-605
144. 140. Welch MD. 1999. The world according to Arp: regulation of actin nucleation by the Arp2/3 complex. Trends Cell Biol. 9:423-27
145. 141. Welch MD, DePace AH, Verma S, Iwamatsu A, Mitchison TJ. 1997. The human Arp2/3 complex is composed of evolutionarily conserved subunits and is localized to cellular regions of dynamic actin filament assembly. J. Cell Biol. 138:375-84
146. 142. Welch MD, Iwamatsu A, Mitchison TJ. 1997. Actin polymerization is induced by Arp2/3 protein complex at the surface of Listeria monocytogenes. Nature 385:265-69
147. 143. Welch MD, Rosenblatt J, Skoble J, Portnoy DA, Mitchison TJ. 1998. Interaction of human Arp2/3 complex and the Listeria monocytogenes ActA protein in actin filament nucleation. Science 281:105-8
148. 144. Winter D, Lechler T, Li R. 1999. Activation of the yeast Arp2/3 complex by Bee1p, a WASP-family protein. Curr. Biol. 9:501-4
149. 145. Winter D, Podtelejnikov AV, Mann M, Li R. 1997. The complex containing actin-related proteins Arp2 and Arp3 is required for the motility and integrity of yeast actin patches. Curr. Biol. 7:519-29
150. 146. Yarar D, To W, Abo A, Welch MD. 1999. The Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein directs actin-based motility by stimulating actin nucleation with the Arp2/3 complex. Curr. Biol. 9:555-58
151. 147. Yin HL, Stossel TP. 1979. Control of cytoplasmic actin gel-sol transformation by gelsolin, a calcium-dependent regulatory protein. Nature 281:583-86
152. 148. Zigmond SH, Joyce M, Borleis J, Bokoch GM, Devreotes PN. 1997. Regulation of actin polymerization in cell-free systems by GTPγS and Cdc42. J. Cell Biol. 138:363-74
153. 149. Zigmond SH, Joyce M, Yang C, Brown K, Huang M, Pring M. 1998. Mechanism of Cdc42-induced actin polymerization in neutrophil extracts. J. Cell Biol. 142:1001-12