Regulated actin cytoskeleton assembly at filopodium tips controls their extension and retraction

Journal of Cell Biology

Volumn 146, Issue 5, 1999, Pages 1097-1106

  Mallavarapu, Aneil ^b   Mitchison, Tim ^a  

^a HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

^b MILLENNIUM PHARMACEUTICALS INC   (United States)

Author keywords

Actin; Filopodia; Growth cone; Photoactivation; Photobleaching

Indexed keywords

ACTIN; GREEN FLUORESCENT PROTEIN;

ACTIN FILAMENT; ANIMAL CELL; ARTICLE; BLEACHING; CYTOSKELETON; FLOW RATE; GROWTH CONE; MOUSE; NEUROBLASTOMA CELL; NONHUMAN; PHOTOACTIVATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL;

ANIMALIA;

EID: 0032825265     PISSN: 00219525     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1083/jcb.146.5.1097     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. Amano, M., K. Chihara, N. Nakamura, Y. Fukata, T. Yano, M. Shibata, M. Ikebe, and K. Kaibuchi. 1998. Myosin II activation promotes neurite retraction during the action of Rho and Rho-kinase. Genes Cells. 3:177-188.
2. Bentley, D., and A. Toroian-Raymond. 1986. Disoriented pathfinding by pioneer neuron growth cone deprived of filopodia by cytochalasin treatment. Nature. 323:712-715.
3. Bentley, D., and T.P. O'Connor. 1994. Cytoskeletal events in growth cone steering. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 4:43-48.
4. Bray, D., and K. Chapman. 1985. Analysis of microspike movements on the neuronal growth cone. J. Neurosci. 5:3204-3213.
5. Choidas, A., A. Jungbluth, A. Sechi, J. Murphy, A. Ullrich, and G. Marriott. 1998. The suitability and application of a GFP-actin fusion protein for long-term imaging of the organization and dynamics of the cytoskeleton in mammalian cells. Eur. J. Cell Biol. 77:81-90.
6. Cramer, L.P., and T.J. Mitchison. 1997. Investigation of the mechanism of retraction of the cell margin and rearwards flow of nodules during mitotic cell rounding. Mol. Biol. Cell. 8:109-119.
7. Davenport, R.W., P. Dou, V. Rehder, and S.B. Kater. 1993. A sensory role for neuronal growth cone filopodia. Nature. 361:721-724.
8. Fan, J., and J.A. Raper. 1995. Localized collapsing cues can steer growth cones without inducing their full collapse. Neuron. 14:263-274.
9. Forscher, P., and S.J. Smith. 1988. Actions of cytochalasins on the organization of actin filaments and microtubules in a neuronal growth cone. J. Cell Biol. 107:1505-1516.
10. Furuya, S., and K. Furuya. 1983. Ultrastructural changes in differentiating neuroblastoma X glioma hybrid cells. Tissue Cell. 15:903-919.
11. Gundersen, R.W., and J.N. Barrett. 1980. Characterization of the turning response of dorsal root neurites toward nerve growth factor. J. Cell Biol. 87: 546-554.
12. Heidemann, S.R., P. Lamoureux, and R.E. Buxbaum. 1990. Growth cone behavior and production of traction force. J. Cell Biol. 111:1949-1957.
13. Heiss, S.G., and J.A. Cooper. 1990. Regulation of CapZ, an actin capping protein of chicken muscle, by anionic phospholipids. Biochemistry. 30:8753-8758.
14. Katoh, K., K. Hammer, P.J.S. Smith, and R. Oldenbourg. 1999. Birefringence imaging directly reveals architectural dynamics of filamentous actin in living growth cones. Mol. Biol. Cell. 10:197-210.
15. Keshishian, H., and D. Bentley. 1983. Embryogenesis of peripheral nerve pathways in grasshopper legs. I. The initial nerve pathway to the CNS. Dev. Biol. 96:89-102.
16. Lewis, A.K., and P.C. Bridgman. 1992. Nerve growth cone lamellipodia contain two populations of actin filaments that differ in organization and polarity. J. Cell Biol. 119:1219-1243.
17. Lin, C.H., E.M. Espreafico, M.S. Mooseker, and P. Forscher. 1996. Myosin drives retrograde F-actin flow in neuronal growth cones. Neuron. 16:769-782.
18. Machesky, L.M., and K.L. Gould. 1999. The Arp2/3 complex: a multifunctional actin organizer. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 11:117-121.
19. Maniatis, J., E.F. Fritsch, and T. Maniatis. 1989. Molecular Cloning. A Laboratory Manual. Vol. 3, Cold Spring Harbor Press. Cold Spring Harbor, NY. 16.33-16.36 pp.
20. Matsuoka, Y., X. Li, and V. Bennett. 1998. Adducin is an in vivo substrate for protein kinase C: phosphorylation in the MARCKS-related domain inhibits activity in promoting spectrin-actin complexes and occurs in many cells, including dendritic spines of neurons. J. Cell Biol. 142:485-497.
21. Miki, H., T. Sasaki, Y. Takai, and T. Takenawa. 1998. Induction of filopodium formation by a WASP-related actin-depolymerizing protein N-WASP. Nature. 391:93-96.
22. Mitchison, T., and M. Kirschner. 1988. Cytoskeletal dynamics and nerve growth. Neuron. 1:761-772.
23. Mitchison, T.J., and L.P. Cramer. 1996. Actin-hased cell motility and cell locomotion. Cell. 84:371-379.
24. Mitchison, T.J., K.E. Sawin, J.A. Theriot, K. Gee, and A. Mallavarapu. 1998. Caged fluorescent probes. Methods Enzymol. 291:63-78.
25. Myers, P.Z., and M.J. Bastiani. 1993. Growth cone dynamics during the migration of an identified commissural growth cone. J. Neurosci. 13:127-143.
26. O'Connor, T.P., J.S. Duerr, and D. Bentley. 1990. Pioneer growth cone steering decisions mediated by single filopodium contacts in situ. J. Neurosci. 10: 3935-3946.
27. Ohta, Y., N. Suzuki, S. Nakamura, J.H. Hartwig, and T.P. Stossel. 1999. The small GTPase RaIA targets filamin to induce filopodia. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 96:2122-2128.
28. Okabe, S., and N. Hirokawa. 1991. Actin dynamics in growth cones. J. Neurosci. 11:1918-1929.
29. Pollard, T.D., and J.A. Cooper. 1986. Actin and actin-binding proteins. A critical evaluation of mechanisms and functions. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 55:987-1035.
30. Rohatgi, R., L. Ma, H. Miki, M. Lopez, T. Kirchhausen, T. Takenawa, and M.W. Kirschner. 1999. The interaction between N-WASP and the Arp2/3 complex links Cdc42-dependent signals to actin assembly. Cell. 97:221-231.
31. Sabry, J.H., T.P. O'Connor, L. Evans, A. Toroian-Raymond, M. Kirschner, and D. Bentley. 1991. Microtubule behavior during guidance of pioneer neuron growth cones in situ. J. Cell Biol. 115:381-395.
32. Suter, D.M., L.D. Errante, V. Belotserkovsky, and P. Forscher. 1998. The Ig superfamily cell adhesion molecule, apCAM, mediates growth cone steering by substrate-cytoskeletal coupling. J. Cell Biol. 141:227-240.
33. Tanaka, E.M., and M.W. Kirschner. 1991. Microtubule behavior in the growth cones of living neurons during axon elongation. J. Cell Biol. 115:345-363.
34. Tapon, N., and A. Hall. 1997. Rho, Rac and Cdc42 GTPases regulate the organization of the actin cytoskeleton. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 9:86-92.
35. Theriot, J.A., and T.J. Mitchison. 1991. Actin microfilament dynamics in locomoting cells. Nature. 352:126-131.
36. Theriot, J.A., and T.J. Mitchison. 1992. Comparison of actin and cell surface dynamics in motile fibroblasts. J. Cell Biol. 118:367-377.
37. Wang, Y.L. 1985. Exchange of actin subunits at the leading edge of living fibroblasts: possible role of treadmilling. J. Cell Biol. 101:597-602.
38. Waterman-Storer, C.M., A. Desai, J.C. Bulinski, and E.D. Salmon. 1998. Fluorescent speckle microscopy, a method to visualize the dynamics of protein assemblies in living cells. Curr. Biol. 8:1227-1230.
39. Welch, M.D., A. Mallavarapu, J. Rosenblatt, and T.J. Mitchison. 1997. Actin dynamics in vivo. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 9:54-61.
40. Wu, D.Y., and D.J. Goldberg. 1993. Regulated tyrosine phosphorylation at the tips of growth cone filopodia. J. Cell Biol. 123:653-664.
41. Zheng, J.Q., J.J. Wan, and M.M. Poo. 1996. Essential role of filopodia in chemotropic turning of nerve growth cone induced by a glutamate gradient. J. Neurosci. 16:1140-1149.