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The absolute configuration was determined by the specific rotation, 11a: Leyendecker, F.; Jesser, F.; Ruhland, B. Tetrahedron Lett. 1981, 22, 3601. 11b and 11i: Posner G. H.; Frye, L. L. Isr. J. Chem. 1984, 24, 88. 11d: Corey, E. J.; Naef, R.; Hannon, F. J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1986, 108, 7114. 11g (Determined by converting to 18): Gerlach, V. H. Helv. Chim. Acta 1978, 61, 2773. 15: Tamura, Y.; Tanaka, M.; Funakoshi, K.; Sakai, K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1989, 30, 6349. 17a and 17b: Meyers, A. I.; Smith, R. K.; Whitten, C. E. J. Org. Chem. 1979, 44, 2250.
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0001146756
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The absolute configuration was determined by the specific rotation, 11a: Leyendecker, F.; Jesser, F.; Ruhland, B. Tetrahedron Lett. 1981, 22, 3601. 11b and 11i: Posner G. H.; Frye, L. L. Isr. J. Chem. 1984, 24, 88. 11d: Corey, E. J.; Naef, R.; Hannon, F. J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1986, 108, 7114. 11g (Determined by converting to 18): Gerlach, V. H. Helv. Chim. Acta 1978, 61, 2773. 15: Tamura, Y.; Tanaka, M.; Funakoshi, K.; Sakai, K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1989, 30, 6349. 17a and 17b: Meyers, A. I.; Smith, R. K.; Whitten, C. E. J. Org. Chem. 1979, 44, 2250.
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note
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The reason why copper iodide gave the best results is not clear.
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47
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CuI: Kauffman, G. B; Teter, L. A. Inorg. Synth. 1963, VII, 9. CuCI: Osterlof, J. Acta Chem. Scand. 1950, 4, 374. CuBr: Dieter, R. K.; Tokles, M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 2040. CuCN: Lipshutz, B. H.; Wilhelm, R. S.; Kozlowski, J. A. J. Org. Chem. 1984, 49, 3938.
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