The disappearing CD4+ T cells in HIV infection: A case of over-stimulation?

Journal of Theoretical Biology

Volumn 197, Issue 4, 1999, Pages 507-516

  Wick, David ^a  

^a Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CD4 ANTIGEN; CYTOKINE;

ARTICLE; CELL KINETICS; HELPER CELL; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; MATHEMATICAL MODEL; PRIORITY JOURNAL; T LYMPHOCYTE ACTIVATION; T LYMPHOCYTE SUBPOPULATION;

HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS;

EID: 0033590909     PISSN: 00225193     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1006/jtbi.1998.0891     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. Ameisen, J. C. & Capron, A. (1991). Immuno. Today 12(4), 102-105.
2. Antia, R. & Halloran, M. E. (1996). Trends Microbiol. 4, 282-285.
3. Ascher, M. S. & Sheppard, H. W. (1988). AIDS as immune system activation: A model for pathogenesis. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 73, 165-167.
4. Banda, N. K., Bernier, J., Kurahara, D. K., Kurrle, R., Haigwood, N., Sekaly, R. P. & Finkel, T. H. (1992). Crosslinking CD4 by human immunodeficiency virus gp120 primes cells for activation-induced apoptosis. J. Exp. Med. 176, 1099-1106.
5. Broder, C. C. & Collman, R. G. (1997). Chemokine receptors and HIV. J. Leukocyte Biol. 62(1), 20-29.
6. Burke, M. A., Morel, B. F., Oriss, T. B., Bray, J., McCarthy, S. A. & Morel, P. A. (1997). Modeling the proliferative response of T cells to IL-2 and IL-4. Cell. Immunol. 178, 42-52.
7. Chun, T.-W., Carruth, L., Finzi, D., Shen, X., DiGiuseppe, J. A., Taylor, H., Hermankova, M., Chadwick, K., Margolick, J., Quinn, T. C., Kuo, Y. H., Brookmeyer, R., Zeiger, M. A., Barditch-Crovo, P. & Siliciano, R. F. (1997). Quantification of latent tissue reservoirs of total body viral load in HIV-1 infection. Nature 387, 183-188.
8. De Boer, R. J. & Perelson, A. S. (1998). Target-cell limited and immune control models of HIV infection: A comparison. J. Theor. Biol. 190(3), 201-214.
9. Estaquier, J. T., Idziorek, T., De-Bels, F., Barre-Sinoussi, F., Hurtrel, B., Aubertin, A. M., Venet, A., Mehtali, M., Muchmore, E., Michel, et al. (1994). Programmed cell death and AIDS: Significance of T-cell apoptosis in pathogenic and non-pathogenic lentiviral infections. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 91, 9431-9435.
10. Fauci, A. S., Pantaleo, G., Embretson, J. & Haase, A. (1993). Letter to Nature 364, 291-292.
11. Forsten, K. E. & Lauffenburger, D. A. (1992). Autocrine ligand binding to cell receptors. Mathematical analysis of competition by solution "decoys". Biophys. J. 61, 518-529.
12. Fuchs, D., Hausen, A., Hengster, P., Reifnegger, G., Schulz, T., Werner, E. R., Dierich, M. P. & Wachter, H. (1987). Science 235, 356.
13. Garry, R. F. & Fermin, C. D. (1993). Letter to Nature 365, 301-302.
14. Gougeon, M.-L., Lecoeur, H., Dulioust, A., Enouf, M.-G., Crouvoisier, M., Goujard, C., Debord, T. & Montagnier, L. (1996). Increased susceptibility to apoptosis of CD4 and CD8 T cells correlates with lymphocyte activation and with disease progression. J. Immunol. 156(9), 3509-3520.
15. Grossman, Z. & Herberman, R. B. (1997). T-cell homeostasis in HIV infection is neither failing nor blind: Modified cell counts reflect adaptive response of the host. Nat. Med. 3(5), 486-490.
16. Haase, A. T., Henry, K., Zupancic, M., Sedgewick, G., Faust, R., Melroe, H., Cavert, W., Gebhard, K., Staskus, K., Zhang, Z.-Q., Dailey, P. J., Balfour, Jr., H. H., Erice, A. & Perelson, A. S. (1996). Quantitative image analysis of HIV-1 infection in lymphoid tissue. Science 274, 985-989.
17. Harper, M. E., Marselle, L. M., Gallo, R. C. & Wang-Staal, F. (1986). Detection of lymphocytes expressing human T-lymphotropic virus type III in lymph nodes and peripheral blood from infected individuals by in situ hybridization. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 83, 772-776.
18. Hausen, A., Dierich, M. P., Fuchs, D., Hengster, P., Reibnegger, G., Schulz, T., Werner, E. R. & Wachter, H. (1986). Immunosuppressants in patients with AIDS. Nature 320, 114.
19. Hellerstein, M. K. & McCune, J. M. (1997). T cell turnover in HIV-1 disease. Immunity 1, 583-589.
20. Jacobson, E. L., Pilaro, F. & Smith, K. A. (1996). Rational interleukin 2 therapy for HIV positive individuals: Daily low doses enhance immune function without toxicity. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 93, 10405-10410.
21. Kinter, A. & Fauci, A. S. (1996). Interleukin-2 and human immunodeficiency virus infection: Pathogenic mechanisms and potential for immunological enhancement. Immunol. Res. 15, 1-15.
22. + T cells and this effect overrides its ability to stimulate virus expression. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 92, 10985-10989.
23. Kovacks, J. A., Vogel, S., Albert, J. M., Falloon, J., Davey, R. T., Walker, R. E., Polis, M. A., Spooner, K., Metcalf, J., Baseler, M., Fyfe, G. & Lane, H. C. (1996). Controller trial of interleukin-2 infusions in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. New Engl. J. Med. 335(18), 1350.
24. + memory cells. J. Exp. Med. 186(6), 859-865.
25. Lau, L. L., Jamieson, B. D. & Somasundaram, R. A. (1994). Nature 369, 648.
26. + T-lymphocyte regeneration after intense chemotherapy. New Engl. J. Med. 332, 143-149.
27. McLean, A. & Kirkwood, T. B. L. (1990). A model of immunodeficiency virus infection in T-helper cell clones. J. Theor. Biol. 147, 177-203.
28. McLean, A. & Michie, C. A. (1993). Letter to Nature 365, 301.
29. McLean, A. & Michie, C. A. (1995). In vivo estimates of division and death rates of human T-lymphocytes. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 92, 3707-3711.
30. McLean, A. & Nowak, M. A. (1992). Models of interactions between HIV and other pathogens. J. Theor. Biol. 155, 69-102.
31. Michie, C. A., McLean, A., Alcock, C. & Beverley, P. C. L. (1992). Lifespan of human lymphocyte subsets defined by CD45 isoforms. Nature 360, 264-265.
32. + cells: A reevaluation of bystander activation during viral infection. Immunology 8, 177-187.
33. Ottinger, H. D., Beelen, D. W., Scheulen, B., Schaefer, U. W. & Gross-Wilde, H. (1996). Improved immune reconstitution after allotransplantation of peripheral blood stem cells instead of bone marrow. Blood 88, 2775-2779.
34. Pakker, N. G., Notermans, D. W., de Boer, R. J., Roos, M. T. L., De Wolf, F., Hill, A., Leonard, J. M., Danner, S. A., Miedema, F. & Schekkekens, P. T. A. (1998). Biphasic kinetics of peripheral blood T cells after triple combination therapy in HIV-1 infection: A composite of redistribution and proliferation. Nat. Med. 4(2), 208-214.
35. Pantaleo, G. & Fauci, A. S. (1993). HIV-1 infection in the lymphoid organs: A model for disease development. J. NIH Res. 5, 68-72.
36. Perelson, A. S., Essunger, P., Yunzhen, C., Vesanen, M., Hurley, A., Saksela, K., Markowitz, M. & Ho, D. D. (1997). Decay characteristics of HIV-1 infected compartments during combination therapy. Nature 387, 188-191.
37. Razvi, E. S. & Welsh, R. R. (1995). Apoptosis in viral infections. In: Advances in Viral Research, Vol. 45. San Diego: Academic Press.
38. + and naïve T cell counts decrease progressively in HIV-infected adults. J. Clin. Invest. 95, 2061-2066.
39. + T lymphocytes in HIV-1 infection as measured by Ki-67 antigen. J. Exp. Med. 187(8), 1295-1303.
40. Sheppard, H. W., Ascher, M. S. & Krowka, J. F. (1993). Letter to Nature 364, 291.
41. Smith, K. (ed.) (1988a). Interleukin 2. New York: Academic Press.
42. Smith, K. (1988b). Interleukin-2: Inception, impact, and implications. Science 240, 1169-1176.
43. Tough, D. F. & Sprent, J. (1995). Lifespan of lymphocytes. Immunol. Res. 14, 1-12.
44. Tough, D. F. & Sprent, J. (1996). Viruses and T-cell turnover: Evidence for bystander proliferation. Immunol. Rev. 150, 129-142.
45. Tough, D. F., Borrow, P. & Sprent, J. (1996). Induction of bystander T cell proliferation by viruses and type I interferon in vivo. Science 272, 1947-1950.
46. Unutmaz, D., Pileri, P. & Arignani, S. (1994). Antigen-independent activation of naïve and memory resting T cells by a cytokine combination. J. Exp. Med. 180, 1159-1164.
47. + T cell populations in HIV disease and in anti-HIV immunity. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 92, 93-99.
48. Yang, H., Dundun, P. L., Nahil, S. & Welsh, R. M. (1989). Virus-induced polyclonal cytotoxic T lymphocyte stimulation. J. Immunol. 142, 1710-1718.
49. Zagury, D., Gagne, I., Reveil, B., Zagury, J. F., Saimot, A. G., Sarin, P. S. & Gallo, R. C. (1985). Repairing the T-cell defect in AIDS. Lancet 2, 449.