Postexposure chemoprophylaxis for occupational exposures to the human immunodeficiency virus

JAMA

Volumn 281, Issue 10, 1999, Pages 931-936

  Henderson, David K ^a,b  

^a NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH   (United States)

^b NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTIRETROVIRUS AGENT; INDINAVIR; NELFINAVIR; ZIDOVUDINE;

ARTICLE; CHEMOPROPHYLAXIS; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG SAFETY; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; INFECTION PREVENTION; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; PRIORITY JOURNAL;

EID: 0033541064     PISSN: 00987484     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1001/jama.281.10.931     Document Type: Article

References (63)

1. Weiss SH, Saxinger WC, Rechtman D, et al. HLTV-III infection among health care workers': association with needle-stick injuries. JAMA. 1985;254:2089-2093.
2. McCray E, for The Cooperative Needlestick Surveillance Group. Occupational risk of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome among health care workers. N Engl J Med. 1986;314:1127-1132.
3. Centers for Disease Control. Acquired immune deficiency syndrome: precautions for clinical and laboratory staffs. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1982; 31:577-580.
4. Centers for Disease Control. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS): precautions for health-care workers and allied professionals. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1983;32:450-451.
5. Centers for Disease Control. Recommendations for prevention of HIV transmission in health-care settings. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1987;36 (suppl 2):1S-19S.
6. Garner JS. Guideline for isolation precautions in hospitals: The Hospital Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 1996; 17:53-80.
7. Mitsuya H, Weinhold KJ, Furman PA, et al. 3′-Azido-3′-deoxythymidine (BW A509U): an antiviral agent that inhibits the infectivity and cytopathic effect of human T-lymphotropic virus type III/ lymphadenopathy-associated virus in vitro. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985;82:7096-7100.
8. Henderson DK, Beekmann SE, Gerberding JL, Postexposure antiviral chemoprophylaxis following occupational exposure to the human immunodeficiency virus. In: DeVita VT, Hellman S, Rosenberg SA, eds. AIDS Updates: AIDS - Etiology, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention. Philadelphia, Pa: JB Lippincott; 1990:1-8.
9. Henderson DK, Gerberding JL. Prophylactic zidovudine after occupational exposure to the human immunodeficiency virus: an interim analysis. J Infect Dis. 1989;160:321-327.
10. Para MF. Use of zidovudine following occupational exposure to human immunodeficiency virus. Clin Infect Dis. 1992;15:884-885.
11. Robinson EN Jr. Arguments against the chemoprophylactic use of zidovudine following occupational exposure to the human immunodeficiency virus. Clin Infect Dis. 1993;16:357-360.
12. Tamin J, Menzies D, Gilbert D, Parker G, Hui E. Zidovudine after occupational exposure to HIV. BMJ. 1991;303:581.
13. Henderson DK. Postexposure chemoprophylaxis for occupational exposure to HIV-1 : current status and prospects for the future. Am J Med. 1991; 91:312S-319S.
14. Tacchetti C, Favre A, Moresco L, et al. HIV istrapped and masked in the cytoplasm of lymph node follicular dendritic cells. Am J Pathol. 1997;150:533-542.
15. Blauvelt A. The role of skin dendritic cells in the initiation of human immunodeficiency virus infection. Am J Med. 1997;102:16-20.
16. Zaitseva M, Blauvelt A, Lee S, et al. Expression and function of CCR5 and CXCR4 on human Langerhans cells and macrophages: implications for HIV primary infection. Nat Med. 1997;3:1369-1375.
17. Ayehunie S, Groves RW, Bruzzese AM, Ruprecht RM, Kupper TS, Langhoff E. Acutely infected Langerhans cells are more efficient than T cells in disseminating HIV type 1 to activated T cells following a short cell-cell contact. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 1995;11:877-884.
18. Clark EA. HIV: dendritic cells as embers for the infectious fire. Curr Biol. 1996;6:655-657.
19. Blauvelt A, Asada H, Saville MW, et al. Productive infection of dendritic cells by HIV-1 and their ability to capture virus are mediated through separate pathways. J Clin Invest. 1997;100:2043-2053.
20. Pope M, Gezelter S, Gallo N, Hoffman L, Steinman RM. Low levels of HIV-1 infection in cutaneous dendritic cells promote extensive viral replication upon binding to memory CD4+ T cells. J Exp Med. 1995; 182:2045-2056.
21. Blauvelt A, Katz SI. The skin as target, vector, and effector organ in human immunodeficiency virus disease. J Invest Dermatol. 1995;105(suppl 1):122S-126S.
22. Cameron P, Pope M, Granelli-Piperno A, Steinman RM. Dendritic cells and the replication of HIV-1. J Leukoc Biol. 1996;59:158-171.
23. Zambruno C, Giannetti A, Bertazzoni U, Girolomoni G. Langerhans cells and HIV infection. Immunol Today. 1995;16:520-524.
24. Spira AI, Marx PA, Patterson BK, et al. Cellular targets of infection and route of viral dissemination after an intravaginal inoculation of simian immunodeficiency virus into rhesus macaques. J Exp Med. 1996;183:215-225.
25. Soto-Ramirez LE, Renjifo B, McLane MF, et al. HIV-1 Langerhans' cell tropism associated with heterosexual transmission of HIV. Science. 1996:271: 1291-1293.
26. Ruprecht RM, Bronson R. Chemoprevention of retroviral infection: success is determined by virus inoculum strength and cellular immunity. DNA Cell Biol. 1994;13:59-66.
27. Clerici M, Levin JM, Kessler HA, et al. HIV-specific T-helper activity in seronegative health care workers exposed to contaminated blood. JAMA. 1994; 271:42-46.
28. Pinto LA, Sullivan J, Berzofsky JA, et al. ENV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses in HIV seronegative health care workers occupationally exposed to HIV-contaminated body fluids. J Clin Invest. 1995;96:867-876.
29. Gerberding JL, Fahrner R, Beekmann SE, Nelson L, Perlman JL, Henderson DK. Combination post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP): a prospective study of HIV-exposed health care workers (HCW). In: Program and abstracts of the 12th International Conference on AIDS; June 28-July 3, 1998; Geneva, Switzerland.
30. Puro V, Ippolito G. Issues on antiretroviral post exposure combination prophylaxis. J Biol Regul Homeost Agents. 1997;11:11-19.
31. Tokars JI, Marcus R, Culver DH, et al, for The CDC Cooperative Needlestick Surveillance Group. Surveillance of HIV infection and zidovudine use among health care workers after occupational exposure to HIV-infected blood. Ann Intern Med. 1993;118:913-919.
32. Steger KA, Swotinsky R, Snyder S, Craven DE. Recent experience with postexposure prophylaxis with combination antiretrovirals for occupational exposures to HIV. In: Program and abstracts of the 35th Annual Meeting of Infectious Diseases Society of America; September 13-16, 1997; San Francisco, Caliuf. Abstract 480:161.
33. Ruprecht RM, O'Brien LG, Rossoni LD, Nusinoff-Lehrman S. Suppression of mouse viraemia and retroviral disease by 3′-azido-3′ deoxythymidine. Nature. 1986;323:467-469.
34. Tavares L, Roneker C, Johnston K, Nusinoff-Lehrman S, deNoronha F. 3′-Azido-3′ deoxythymidine in feline leukemia virus-infected cats: a model for therapy and prophylaxis of AIDS. Cancer Res. 1987; 47:3190-3194.
35. McClure HM, Anderson DC, Ansari AA, Fultz PN, Klumpp SA, Schinazi RF. Nonhuman primate models for evaluation of AIDS therapy. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1990;616:287-298.
36. Lundgren B, Bottiger D, Ljungdahl-Stahle E, et al. Antiviral effects of 3′-fiuorothymidine and 3′-azidothymidine in cynomolgus monkeys infected with simian immunodeficiency virus. J Acquir Immun Defic Syndr. 1991;4:489-498.
37. McCune JM, Namikawa R, Shih CC, Rabin L, Kaneshima H. Suppression of HIV infection in AZT-treated SCID-hu mice. Science. 1990;247:564-566.
38. Gerberding J, Marx P, Gould R, Joye S, Lackner A. Simian model of retrovirus chemoprophylaxis with constant infusion zidovudine plus or minus interferon alpha. In: Program and abstracts of the 31st Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy; September 29-October 2, 1991; Chicago, III. Abstract 976:261.
39. Böttiger D, Johansson NG, Samuelsson B, et al. Prevention of simian immunodeficiency virus, SIVsm, or HI V-2 infection in cynomolgus monkeys by pre-and postexposure administration of BEA-005. AIDS. 1997; 11:157-162.
40. Böttiger D, Putkonen P, Oberg B. Prevention of HIV-2 and SIV infections in cynomolgus macaques by prophylactic treatment with 3′-fluorothymidine. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 1992;8:1235-1238.
41. Van Rompay KK, Marthas ML, Ramos RA, et al. Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection of infant rhesus macaques as a model to test antiretroviral drug prophylaxis and therapy: oral 3′-azido-3′-deoxythymidine prevents SIV infection. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1992;36:2381-2386.
42. Van Rompay KK, Otsyula MG, Marthas ML, Miller CJ, McChesney MB, Pedersen NC. Immediate zidovudine treatment protects simian immunodeficiency virus-infected newborn macaques against rapid on-set of AIDS. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1995; 39:125-131.
43. Tsai CC, Follis KE, Sabo A, Grant R, Bischofberger N. Efficacy of 9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl) adenine treatment against chronic simian immunodeficiency virus infection in macaques. J Infect Dis. 1995;171:1338-1343.
44. Tsai CC, Follis KE, Sabo A, et al. Prevention of SIV infection in macaques by (R)-9-(2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl)adenine. Science. 1995;270:1197-1199.
45. Tsai CC, Emau P, Follis KE, et al. Effectiveness of postinoculation (R)-9-(2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl) adenine treatment for prevention of persistent simian immunodeficiency virus SIVmne infection depends critically on timing of initiation and duration of treatment. J Virol. 1998;72:4265-4273.
46. Putkonen P, Makitalo B, Böttiger D, Biberfeld G, Thorstensson R. Protection of human immunodeficiency virus type 2-exposed seronegative macaques from mucosal simian immunodeficiency virus transmission. J Virol. 1997;71:4981-4984.
47. LaFon SW, Lehrman SN, Barry DW. Prophylactically administered Retrovir in health care workers potentially exposed to the human immunodeficiency virus. J Infect Dis. 1988;158:503.
48. LaFon SW, Mooney BD, McMullen JP. A double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the safety and efficacy of Retrovir (zidovudine) as a chemoprophylaclic agent in health care workers exposed to HIV. In: Program and abstracts of the 30th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy; October 21-24, 1990; Atlanta, Ga. Abstract 489: 167.
49. Connor EM, Sperling RS, Gelber R, et al, for the Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Group Protocol 076 Study Group. Reduction of maternal-infant transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 with zidovudine treatment. N Engl J Med. 1994;331:1173-1180.
50. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Administration of zidovudine during late pregnancy and delivery to prevent perinatal HIV transmission, Thailand, 1996-1998. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1998;47:151-154.
51. Sperling RS, Shapiro DE, Coombs RW, et al, for the Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Group Protocol 076 Study Group. Maternal viral load, zidovudine treatment, and the risk of transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 from mother to infant. N Engl J Med. 1996;335:1621-1629.
52. Wade NA, Birkhead GS, Warren BL, et al. Abbreviated regimens of zidovudine prophylaxis and perinatal transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus. N Engl J Med. 1998;339:1409-1414.
53. Ho DD. Time to hit HIV, early and hard. N Engl J Med. 1995;333:450-451.
54. Cardo DM, Culver DH, Ciesielski CA, et al. A case-control study of HIV seroconversion in health care workers after percutaneous exposure. N Engl J Med. 1997;337:1485-1490.
55. Centers for Disease Control. Public Health Service statement on management of occupational exposure to human immunodeficiency virus, including considerations regarding zidovudine postexposure use. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1990;39:1-14.
56. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Public Health Service guidelines for the management of health-care worker exposures to HIV and recommendations for postexposure prophylaxis. MM WR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1998;47:1-33.
57. Henry K, Campbell S. Needlestick/sharps injuries and HIV exposure among health care workers: national estimates based on a survey of U.S hospitals. Minn Med. 1995;78:41-44.
58. Burke S, Madan I. Contamination incidents among doctors and midwives: reasons for non-reporting and knowledge of risks. Occup Med (Oxf). 1997;47:357-360.
59. Mangione CM, Gerberding JL, Cummings SR. Occupational exposure to HIV: frequency and rates of underreporting of percutaneous and mucocutaneous exposures by medical housestaff. Am J Med. 1991; 90:85-90.
60. Katz MH, Gerberding JL. Postexposure treatment of people exposed to the human immunodeficiency virus through sexual contact or injection-drug use. N Engl J Med. 1997;336:1097-1100.
61. Katz MH, Gerberding JL. The care of persons with recent sexual exposure to HIV. Ann Intern Med. 1998; 128:306-312.
62. Gerberding JL. Management of occupational exposures to blood-borne viruses N Engl J Med. 1995; 332:444-451.
63. Gerberding JL. Prophylaxis for occupational exposure to HIV. Ann Intern Med. 1996;125:497-501.