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Rocha M, Sur M: Rapid acquisition of dendritic spines by visual thalamic neurons after blockade of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1995, 92:8026-8030.
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Rocha, M.1
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51
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Increased NMDA current and spine density in mice lacking the NMDA receptor subunit NR3A
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Das S, Sasaki YF, Rothe T, Premkumar LS, Takasu M, Crandall JE, Dikkes P, Conner DA, Rayudu PV, Cheung W et al.: Increased NMDA current and spine density in mice lacking the NMDA receptor subunit NR3A. Nature 1998, 393:377-381.
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Nature
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Das, S.1
Sasaki, Y.F.2
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Premkumar, L.S.4
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Crandall, J.E.6
Dikkes, P.7
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Cheung, W.10
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52
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Rapid dendritic morphogenesis in CA1 hippocampal dendrites induced by synaptic activity
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Maletic-Savatic M, Malinow R, Svoboda K: Rapid dendritic morphogenesis in CA1 hippocampal dendrites induced by synaptic activity. Science 1999, 283:1923-1927 Illustrates how filopodia can be induced to elongate at sites near to where a stimulating electrode depolarizes the presynaptic axons in organotypic slice cultures prepared at postnatal day 7. The elongation of filopodia is diminished when APV is present, suggesting that the effect requires activation of NMDA receptors.
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Science
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Maletic-Savatic, M.1
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Spinier dendrites occur in mature hippocampal slices in which evoked synaptic responses are blocked
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Kirov SA, Harris KM: Spinier dendrites occur in mature hippocampal slices in which evoked synaptic responses are blocked. Soc Neurosci Abstr 1998, 24:111.13.
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Soc Neurosci Abstr
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Kirov, S.A.1
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Miniature synaptic events maintain dendritic spines via AMPA receptor activation
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McKinney RA, Capogna M, Durr R, Gahwiler BH, Thompson SM: Miniature synaptic events maintain dendritic spines via AMPA receptor activation. Nat Neurosci 1999, 2:44-49. This paper is especially interesting because it demonstrates a functional role for spontaneous miniature synaptic currents, namely to maintain dendritic spines.
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Nat Neurosci
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McKinney, R.A.1
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Thompson, S.M.5
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A synaptic model of memory: Long-term potentiation in the hippocampus
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Bliss TVP, Collingridge GL: A synaptic model of memory: Long-term potentiation in the hippocampus. Nature 1993, 361:31-39.
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Nature
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Bliss, T.V.P.1
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56
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Stability in synapse number and size at 2 hr after long-term potentiation in hippocampal area CA1
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Sorra KE, Harris KM: Stability in synapse number and size at 2 hr after long-term potentiation in hippocampal area CA1. J Neurosci 1998, 18:658-671. This paper is important for two reasons. It is the first to employ detailed serial EM analyses of synapses in hippocampal slices after LTP, and it shows through two complementary paradigms that overall synapse number and size are remarkably stable after LTP. In addition, there is a comprehensive evaluation of past structural literature regarding LTP.
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J Neurosci
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Sorra, K.E.1
Harris, K.M.2
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Long-term potentiation and spatial training are both associated with the generation of new excitatory synapses
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Andersen P, Soleng AF: Long-term potentiation and spatial training are both associated with the generation of new excitatory synapses. Brain Res Rev 1998, 26:353-359. Interestingly, the authors provide evidence that 30 min after LTP in vivo, there are more spines in the dentate gyrus. However, they replicate the findings of Sorra and Harris [56••], showing with confocal microscopy that there are no changes in spine number at 4 h after LTP in area CA1 of adult hippocampal slices (see especially pages 355-356). This paper also reviews the literature on structural correlates of LTP.
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Brain Res Rev
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Andersen, P.1
Soleng, A.F.2
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58
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Regulation of F-actin stability in dendritic spines by glutamate receptors and calcineurin
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Halpain S, Hipolito A, Saffer L: Regulation of F-actin stability in dendritic spines by glutamate receptors and calcineurin. J Neurosci 1998, 18:9835-9844. A thorough exploration of how stimulating hippocampal cultures with NMDA results in a concentration-dependent loss of dendritic spines within minutes of exposure, and how this loss can be prevented by stabilizing actin or inhibiting the calcium-dependent protein phosphatase calcineurin, which are concentrated in the spines.
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(1998)
J Neurosci
, vol.18
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Halpain, S.1
Hipolito, A.2
Saffer, L.3
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59
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0024009039
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Title translation: Changes in the ultrastructure and morphometric parameters of the cortical axospinal synapses as affected by a calcium-free medium
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Pavlenko IN, Stankevich LN, Fedorova TA: [Title translation: Changes in the ultrastructure and morphometric parameters of the cortical axospinal synapses as affected by a calcium-free medium.] Tsitologiia 1988, 30:532-538.
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Tsitologiia
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Pavlenko, I.N.1
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Fedorova, T.A.3
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60
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Synchronous neural afterdischarges in rat hippocampal slices without active chemical synapses
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Taylor CP, Dudek FE: Synchronous neural afterdischarges in rat hippocampal slices without active chemical synapses. Science 1982, 218:810-812.
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Science
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Taylor, C.P.1
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Nonsynaptic epileptogenesis in the mammalian hippocampus in vitro. I. Development of seizurelike activity in low extracellular calcium
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Konnerth A, Heinemann U, Yaari Y: Nonsynaptic epileptogenesis in the mammalian hippocampus in vitro. I. Development of seizurelike activity in low extracellular calcium. J Neurophysiol 1986, 56:409-423.
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J Neurophysiol
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Konnerth, A.1
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Spine loss and other persistent alterations of hippocampal pyramidal cell dendrites in a model of early-onset epilepsy
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Jiang M, Lee CL, Smith KL, Swann JW: Spine loss and other persistent alterations of hippocampal pyramidal cell dendrites in a model of early-onset epilepsy. J Neurosci 1998, 18:8356-8368. Demonstrates a dramatic loss in dendritic spines in the tetanus-toxin model of epilepsy. It also is a good source of references to earlier literature illustrating a consistent pattern of spine loss when seizure activity is high.
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(1998)
J Neurosci
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Jiang, M.1
Lee, C.L.2
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Dendritic spine changes associated with hippocampal long-term synaptic plasticity
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Engert F, Bonhoeffer T: Dendritic spine changes associated with hippocampal long-term synaptic plasticity. Nature 1999, 399:66-70. When synapses along short segments of hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cell dendrites grown in organotypic slice culture are selectively stimulated, potentiation occurs and then 30 minutes later, one or more new dendritic spines appear. No changes occur in total spine density, which is low (0.4 spines/micron) compared to mature hippocampus in vivo (2 spines/micron [46]), and stubby spines predominate, hence these are immature dendrites [32••,34], The findings suggest that synaptic potentiation might initiate developmental processes that induce spines to form, possibly from pre-existing shaft synapses (see Figure 2 of this review).
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(1999)
Nature
, vol.399
, pp. 66-70
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Engert, F.1
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