메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 20, Issue 6, 1998, Pages 1165-1175

A role for the cadherin family of cell adhesion molecules in hippocampal long-term potentiation

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTIBODY; CADHERIN; CALCIUM ION; CELL ADHESION MOLECULE; CYTOPLASM PROTEIN; NERVE CELL ADHESION MOLECULE; PEPTIDE; UVOMORULIN;

EID: 0032103412     PISSN: 08966273     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0896-6273(00)80497-3     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (297)

References (52)
  • 1
    • 0028578064 scopus 로고
    • Assembly of the cadherin-catenin complex in vitro with recombinant proteins
    • Aberle, H., Butz, S., Stappert, J., Weissig, H., Kemler, R., and Hoschuetzky, H. (1994). Assembly of the cadherin-catenin complex in vitro with recombinant proteins. J. Cell Sci. 107, 3655-3663.
    • (1994) J. Cell Sci. , vol.107 , pp. 3655-3663
    • Aberle, H.1    Butz, S.2    Stappert, J.3    Weissig, H.4    Kemler, R.5    Hoschuetzky, H.6
  • 3
    • 0031016826 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Arg-Gly Asp-Ser-selective adhesion and the stabilization of long-term potentiation: Pharmacological studies and characterization of a candidate matrix receptor
    • Bahr, B.A., Staubli, U., Xiao, P., Chun, D., Ji, Z.-X., Esteban, E.T., and Lynch, G. (1997). Arg-Gly Asp-Ser-selective adhesion and the stabilization of long-term potentiation: pharmacological studies and characterization of a candidate matrix receptor. J. Neurosci. 17, 1320-1329.
    • (1997) J. Neurosci. , vol.17 , pp. 1320-1329
    • Bahr, B.A.1    Staubli, U.2    Xiao, P.3    Chun, D.4    Ji, Z.-X.5    Esteban, E.T.6    Lynch, G.7
  • 4
    • 0026569052 scopus 로고
    • Serotonin-mediated endocytosis of apCAM: An early step of learning-related synaptic growth in Aplysia
    • Bailey, C.H., Chen, M., Keller, F., and Kandel, E.R. (1992). Serotonin-mediated endocytosis of apCAM: an early step of learning-related synaptic growth in Aplysia. Science 256, 645-649.
    • (1992) Science , vol.256 , pp. 645-649
    • Bailey, C.H.1    Chen, M.2    Keller, F.3    Kandel, E.R.4
  • 5
    • 0028897761 scopus 로고
    • N-cadherin is a major glycoprotein of isolated rat brain postsynaptic densities
    • Beesley, P.W., Mummery, R., and Tibaldi, J. (1995). N-cadherin is a major glycoprotein of isolated rat brain postsynaptic densities. J. Neurochem. 64, 2288-2294.
    • (1995) J. Neurochem. , vol.64 , pp. 2288-2294
    • Beesley, P.W.1    Mummery, R.2    Tibaldi, J.3
  • 6
    • 0025238409 scopus 로고
    • Identification of acadherin cell-adhesion recognition sequence
    • Blaschuk, O.W., Sullivan, R., David, S., and Pouliot, Y. (1990). Identification of acadherin cell-adhesion recognition sequence. Dev. Biol. 139, 227-229.
    • (1990) Dev. Biol. , vol.139 , pp. 227-229
    • Blaschuk, O.W.1    Sullivan, R.2    David, S.3    Pouliot, Y.4
  • 7
    • 0015799240 scopus 로고
    • Long-lasting potentiation of synaptic transmission in the dentate area of the anaethetized rabbit following stimulation of the perforant path
    • Bliss, T.V.P., and Lomo, T. (1973). Long-lasting potentiation of synaptic transmission in the dentate area of the anaethetized rabbit following stimulation of the perforant path. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 232, 331-356.
    • (1973) J. Physiol. (Lond.) , vol.232 , pp. 331-356
    • Bliss, T.V.P.1    Lomo, T.2
  • 8
    • 0026878253 scopus 로고
    • Structure and interactions of desmosomal and other cadherins
    • Buxton, R.S., and Magee, A.I. (1992). Structure and interactions of desmosomal and other cadherins. Semin. Cell Biol. 3, 157-167.
    • (1992) Semin. Cell Biol. , vol.3 , pp. 157-167
    • Buxton, R.S.1    Magee, A.I.2
  • 9
    • 0029120801 scopus 로고
    • Integrins and modulation of transmitter release from motor nerve terminals by stretch
    • Chen, B.-M., and Grinnell, A.D. (1995). Integrins and modulation of transmitter release from motor nerve terminals by stretch. Science 269, 1578-1580.
    • (1995) Science , vol.269 , pp. 1578-1580
    • Chen, B.-M.1    Grinnell, A.D.2
  • 10
    • 0025727179 scopus 로고
    • Differentiation and survival of rat olfactory epithelial neurons in dissociated cell culture
    • Chuah, M.I., David, S., and Balschuk, O. (1991). Differentiation and survival of rat olfactory epithelial neurons in dissociated cell culture. Dev. Brain Res. 60, 123-132.
    • (1991) Dev. Brain Res. , vol.60 , pp. 123-132
    • Chuah, M.I.1    David, S.2    Balschuk, O.3
  • 11
    • 0030708914 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurites, synapses, and cadherins reconciled
    • Colman, D.R. (1997). Neurites, synapses, and cadherins reconciled. Mol. Cell. Neurosci. 10, 1-6.
    • (1997) Mol. Cell. Neurosci. , vol.10 , pp. 1-6
    • Colman, D.R.1
  • 12
    • 0026033488 scopus 로고
    • Neurite outgrowth in response to transfected N-CAM and N-cadherin reveals fundamental differences in neuronal responsiveness to CAMs
    • Doherty, P., Rowett, L.H., Moore, S.E., Mann, D.A., and Walsh, F.S. (1991). Neurite outgrowth in response to transfected N-CAM and N-cadherin reveals fundamental differences in neuronal responsiveness to CAMs. Neuron 6, 247-258.
    • (1991) Neuron , vol.6 , pp. 247-258
    • Doherty, P.1    Rowett, L.H.2    Moore, S.E.3    Mann, D.A.4    Walsh, F.S.5
  • 13
    • 0030245731 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A model for central synaptic junctional complex formation based on the differential adhesive specificities of the cadherins
    • Fannon, A.M., and Colman, D.R. (1996). A model for central synaptic junctional complex formation based on the differential adhesive specificities of the cadherins. Neuron 17, 423-434.
    • (1996) Neuron , vol.17 , pp. 423-434
    • Fannon, A.M.1    Colman, D.R.2
  • 14
    • 0023135953 scopus 로고
    • Long-term potentiation in the hippocampus using depolariz-ing current pulses as the conditioning stimulus to single volley synaptic potentials
    • Gustafsson, B., Wigstrom, H., Abraham, W.C., and Huang, Y.Y. (1987). Long-term potentiation in the hippocampus using depolariz-ing current pulses as the conditioning stimulus to single volley synaptic potentials. J. Neurosci. 7, 774-780.
    • (1987) J. Neurosci. , vol.7 , pp. 774-780
    • Gustafsson, B.1    Wigstrom, H.2    Abraham, W.C.3    Huang, Y.Y.4
  • 15
    • 0026638443 scopus 로고
    • Effects of acidic fibroblast growth factor on hippocampal long-term potentiation
    • Hisajima, H., Saito, H., and Abe, K. (1992). Effects of acidic fibroblast growth factor on hippocampal long-term potentiation. J. Neurosci. Res. 31, 549-553.
    • (1992) J. Neurosci. Res. , vol.31 , pp. 549-553
    • Hisajima, H.1    Saito, H.2    Abe, K.3
  • 17
    • 0019771667 scopus 로고
    • Cell-cell interactions in early embyrogenesis: A molecular approach to the role of calcium
    • Hyafil, F., Babinet, C., and Jacob, F. (1981). Cell-cell interactions in early embyrogenesis: a molecular approach to the role of calcium. Cell 26, 447-454.
    • (1981) Cell , vol.26 , pp. 447-454
    • Hyafil, F.1    Babinet, C.2    Jacob, F.3
  • 18
    • 0031007904 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lamina-specific connectivity in the brain: Regulation by N-cadherin, neurotrophins, and glycoconjugates
    • Inoue, A., and Sanes, J.R. (1997). Lamina-specific connectivity in the brain: regulation by N-cadherin, neurotrophins, and glycoconjugates. Science 276, 1428-1431.
    • (1997) Science , vol.276 , pp. 1428-1431
    • Inoue, A.1    Sanes, J.R.2
  • 19
    • 0028848552 scopus 로고
    • Regulated expression of the neural cell adhesion molecule L1 by specific patterns of neural impulses
    • Itoh, K., Stevens, B., Schachner, M., and Fields, R.D. (1995). Regulated expression of the neural cell adhesion molecule L1 by specific patterns of neural impulses. Science 270, 1369-1372.
    • (1995) Science , vol.270 , pp. 1369-1372
    • Itoh, K.1    Stevens, B.2    Schachner, M.3    Fields, R.D.4
  • 20
    • 0030662433 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activity-dependent regulation of N-cadherin in DRG neurons - Differential regulation of N-cadherin, N-CAM and L1 by distinct patterns of action potentials
    • Itoh, K., Ozaki, M., Stevens, B., and Fields, R.D. (1997). Activity-dependent regulation of N-cadherin in DRG neurons - differential regulation of N-cadherin, N-CAM and L1 by distinct patterns of action potentials. J. Neurobiol. 33, 735-748.
    • (1997) J. Neurobiol. , vol.33 , pp. 735-748
    • Itoh, K.1    Ozaki, M.2    Stevens, B.3    Fields, R.D.4
  • 21
    • 0029040123 scopus 로고
    • Genetic and biochemical dissection of protein linkages in the cadherin-catenin complex
    • Jou, T.S., Stewart, D.B., Stappert, J., Nelson, W.J., and Marrs, J.A. (1995). Genetic and biochemical dissection of protein linkages in the cadherin-catenin complex. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92, 5067-5071.
    • (1995) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.92 , pp. 5067-5071
    • Jou, T.S.1    Stewart, D.B.2    Stappert, J.3    Nelson, W.J.4    Marrs, J.A.5
  • 22
    • 0030967828 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurotrophins and time: Different roles for TrkB signaling in hippocampal long-term potentiation
    • Kang, H., Shelton, D., Welcher, A., and Schuman, E.M. (1997). Neurotrophins and time: different roles for TrkB signaling in hippocampal long-term potentiation. Neuron 19, 653-664.
    • (1997) Neuron , vol.19 , pp. 653-664
    • Kang, H.1    Shelton, D.2    Welcher, A.3    Schuman, E.M.4
  • 23
    • 0028004578 scopus 로고
    • Immunocytochemical and in situ hybridization studies of the heparan-sulfate proteoglycan, glypican, in nervous tissue
    • Karthikeyan, L., Flad, M., Engel, M., Meyer-Puttlitz, B., Margolis, R.U., and Margolis, R.K. (1994). Immunocytochemical and in situ hybridization studies of the heparan-sulfate proteoglycan, glypican, in nervous tissue. J. Cell Sci. 107, 3213-3222.
    • (1994) J. Cell Sci. , vol.107 , pp. 3213-3222
    • Karthikeyan, L.1    Flad, M.2    Engel, M.3    Meyer-Puttlitz, B.4    Margolis, R.U.5    Margolis, R.K.6
  • 24
    • 0030842356 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Calcium-binding and homoassociation of e-cadherin domains
    • Koch, A.W., Pokutta, S., Lustig, A., and Engel, J. (1997). Calcium-binding and homoassociation of E-cadherin domains. Biochemistry 36, 7697-7705.
    • (1997) Biochemistry , vol.36 , pp. 7697-7705
    • Koch, A.W.1    Pokutta, S.2    Lustig, A.3    Engel, J.4
  • 26
    • 0022483381 scopus 로고
    • Induction of synaptic potentiation in hippocampus by patterned stimulation involves two events
    • Larson, J., and Lynch, G. (1986). Induction of synaptic potentiation in hippocampus by patterned stimulation involves two events. Science 232, 985-988.
    • (1986) Science , vol.232 , pp. 985-988
    • Larson, J.1    Lynch, G.2
  • 27
    • 0027511788 scopus 로고
    • Quantal analysis and synaptic anatomy-integrating two views of hippocampal plasticity
    • Lisman, J.E., and Harris, K.M. (1993). Quantal analysis and synaptic anatomy-integrating two views of hippocampal plasticity. Trends Neurosci. 16, 141-147.
    • (1993) Trends Neurosci. , vol.16 , pp. 141-147
    • Lisman, J.E.1    Harris, K.M.2
  • 28
    • 0028360144 scopus 로고
    • Neuronal expression of glypican, a cell-surface glycosylphosphati-dylinositol-anchored heparan sulfate proteoglycan, in the adult rat nervous tissue
    • Litwack, E.D., Stipp, C.S., Kumbasar, A., and Lander, A.D. (1994). Neuronal expression of glypican, a cell-surface glycosylphosphati-dylinositol-anchored heparan sulfate proteoglycan, in the adult rat nervous tissue. J. Neurosci. 14, 3713-3724.
    • (1994) J. Neurosci. , vol.14 , pp. 3713-3724
    • Litwack, E.D.1    Stipp, C.S.2    Kumbasar, A.3    Lander, A.D.4
  • 29
    • 0028670787 scopus 로고
    • Hippocampal long-term potentiation and neural cell adhesion molecules L1 and NCAM
    • Luthi, A., Laurent, J.-P., Figurov, A., Muller, D., and Schachner, M. (1995). Hippocampal long-term potentiation and neural cell adhesion molecules L1 and NCAM. Nature 372, 777-779.
    • (1995) Nature , vol.372 , pp. 777-779
    • Luthi, A.1    Laurent, J.-P.2    Figurov, A.3    Muller, D.4    Schachner, M.5
  • 30
    • 0026554563 scopus 로고
    • Modulation of an N-CAM-related adhesion molecule with long-term synaptic plasticity in Aplysia
    • Mayford, M., Barzilai, A., Keller, F., Schacher, S., and Kandel, E.R. (1992). Modulation of an N-CAM-related adhesion molecule with long-term synaptic plasticity in Aplysia. Science 256, 638-644.
    • (1992) Science , vol.256 , pp. 638-644
    • Mayford, M.1    Barzilai, A.2    Keller, F.3    Schacher, S.4    Kandel, E.R.5
  • 31
    • 0029045234 scopus 로고
    • The role of cadherin in the generation of multinucleated osteoclasts from mononuclear precursors in murine marrow
    • Mbalaviele, G., Chen, G., Boyce, B.F., Mundy, G.R., and Yoneda, T. (1995). The role of cadherin in the generation of multinucleated osteoclasts from mononuclear precursors in murine marrow. J. Clin. Invest. 95, 2757-2765.
    • (1995) J. Clin. Invest. , vol.95 , pp. 2757-2765
    • Mbalaviele, G.1    Chen, G.2    Boyce, B.F.3    Mundy, G.R.4    Yoneda, T.5
  • 32
    • 0027103923 scopus 로고
    • N-cadherin and N-CAM in myoblast fusion: Compared localization and effect of blockade by peptides and antibodies
    • Mege, R.M., Goudou, D., Diaz, C., Nicolet, M., Garcia, L., Geraud, G., and Rieger, F. (1992). N-cadherin and N-CAM in myoblast fusion: compared localization and effect of blockade by peptides and antibodies. J. Cell Sci. 103, 897-906.
    • (1992) J. Cell Sci. , vol.103 , pp. 897-906
    • Mege, R.M.1    Goudou, D.2    Diaz, C.3    Nicolet, M.4    Garcia, L.5    Geraud, G.6    Rieger, F.7
  • 33
    • 0026671599 scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of gap junction and adherens junction assembly by connexin and A-CAM antibodies
    • Meyer, R.A., Laird, D.W., Revel, J.-P., and Johnson, R.G. (1992). Inhibition of gap junction and adherens junction assembly by connexin and A-CAM antibodies. J. Cell Biol. 119, 179-189.
    • (1992) J. Cell Biol. , vol.119 , pp. 179-189
    • Meyer, R.A.1    Laird, D.W.2    Revel, J.-P.3    Johnson, R.G.4
  • 35
    • 0018096724 scopus 로고
    • Calcium and potassium changes in extracellular microenvironment of cat cerebellar cortex
    • Nicholson, C., ten Bruggencate, G., Stockle, H., and Steinberg, R. (1978). Calcium and potassium changes in extracellular microenvironment of cat cerebellar cortex. J. Neurophysiol. 41, 1026-1039.
    • (1978) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.41 , pp. 1026-1039
    • Nicholson, C.1    Ten Bruggencate, G.2    Stockle, H.3    Steinberg, R.4
  • 36
    • 0025239290 scopus 로고
    • Localization of specificity determining sites in cadherin cell adhesion molecules
    • Nose, A., Tsuji, K., and Takeichi, M. (1990). Localization of specificity determining sites in cadherin cell adhesion molecules. Cell 61, 147-155.
    • (1990) Cell , vol.61 , pp. 147-155
    • Nose, A.1    Tsuji, K.2    Takeichi, M.3
  • 38
    • 0028093281 scopus 로고
    • Conformational changes of the recombinant extracellular domain of e-cadherin upon calcium binding
    • Pokutta, S., Herrenknecht, K., Kemler, R., and Engel, J. (1994). Conformational changes of the recombinant extracellular domain of E-cadherin upon calcium binding. Eur. J. Biochem. 223, 1019-1026.
    • (1994) Eur. J. Biochem. , vol.223 , pp. 1019-1026
    • Pokutta, S.1    Herrenknecht, K.2    Kemler, R.3    Engel, J.4
  • 39
    • 0030293852 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cadherin function is required for axon outgrowth in retinal ganglion cells in vivo
    • Riehl, R., Johnson, K., Bradley, R., Grunwald, G., Cornel, E., Lilienbaum, A., and Holt, C. (1996). Cadherin function is required for axon outgrowth in retinal ganglion cells in vivo. Neuron 17, 837-848.
    • (1996) Neuron , vol.17 , pp. 837-848
    • Riehl, R.1    Johnson, K.2    Bradley, R.3    Grunwald, G.4    Cornel, E.5    Lilienbaum, A.6    Holt, C.7
  • 40
    • 0030047323 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Integrins: Possible functions in the adult CNS
    • Sargent Jones, L. (1996). Integrins: possible functions in the adult CNS. Trends Neurosci. 19, 68-72.
    • (1996) Trends Neurosci. , vol.19 , pp. 68-72
    • Sargent Jones, L.1
  • 41
    • 0030878519 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An old friend in a new home: Cadherins at the synapse
    • Serafini, T. (1997). An old friend in a new home: cadherins at the synapse. Trends. Neurosci. 20, 322-323.
    • (1997) Trends. Neurosci. , vol.20 , pp. 322-323
    • Serafini, T.1
  • 43
    • 0027049205 scopus 로고
    • Progress in Brain Research, A.C.H. Yu, L. Hertz, M.D. Norenberg, E. Sykova, and S.G. Waxham, ed. (Amsterdam: Elsevier)
    • Smith, S.J. (1992). Do astrocytes process information? In Progress in Brain Research, A.C.H. Yu, L. Hertz, M.D. Norenberg, E. Sykova, and S.G. Waxham, ed. (Amsterdam: Elsevier), pp. 119-136.
    • (1992) Do Astrocytes Process Information? , pp. 119-136
    • Smith, S.J.1
  • 44
    • 0025318477 scopus 로고
    • An inhibitor of integrin receptors block long-term potentiation
    • Staubli, U., Vanderklish, P., and Lynch, G. (1990). An inhibitor of integrin receptors block long-term potentiation. Behav. Neural Biol. 53, 1-5.
    • (1990) Behav. Neural Biol. , vol.53 , pp. 1-5
    • Staubli, U.1    Vanderklish, P.2    Lynch, G.3
  • 45
    • 0029160437 scopus 로고
    • Morphogenetic roles of classic cadherins
    • Takeichi, M. (1995). Morphogenetic roles of classic cadherins. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 7, 619-627.
    • (1995) Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. , vol.7 , pp. 619-627
    • Takeichi, M.1
  • 46
    • 0029807018 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The catenin/cadherin adhesion system is localized in synaptic junctions bordering transmitter release zones
    • Uchida, N., Honjo, Y., Johnson, K.R., Wheelock, M.J., and Takeichi, M. (1996). The catenin/cadherin adhesion system is localized in synaptic junctions bordering transmitter release zones. J. Cell Biol. 135, 767-779.
    • (1996) J. Cell Biol. , vol.135 , pp. 767-779
    • Uchida, N.1    Honjo, Y.2    Johnson, K.R.3    Wheelock, M.J.4    Takeichi, M.5
  • 47
    • 0030051783 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The (Greek) key to structures of neural cell adhesion molecules
    • Vaughn, D.E., and Bjorkman, P.J. (1996). The (Greek) key to structures of neural cell adhesion molecules. Neuron 16, 261-273.
    • (1996) Neuron , vol.16 , pp. 261-273
    • Vaughn, D.E.1    Bjorkman, P.J.2
  • 48
    • 0025369365 scopus 로고
    • Cleavage of A-CAM by endogenous proteinases in cultured lens cells and in developing chick embryos
    • Volk, T., Volberg, T., Sabanay, I., and Geiger, B. (1990). Cleavage of A-CAM by endogenous proteinases in cultured lens cells and in developing chick embryos. Dev. Biol. 139, 314-326.
    • (1990) Dev. Biol. , vol.139 , pp. 314-326
    • Volk, T.1    Volberg, T.2    Sabanay, I.3    Geiger, B.4
  • 49
    • 0028952784 scopus 로고
    • Cadherin-dependent cell aggregation is affected by decapeptide derived from rat extra-cellular superoxide dismustase
    • Willems, J., Bruyneel, E., Noe, V., Siegers, H., Zwijsen, A., Mege, R.M., Mareel, M., and Katholieke, M. (1995). Cadherin-dependent cell aggregation is affected by decapeptide derived from rat extra-cellular Superoxide dismustase. FEBS Lett. 363, 289-292.
    • (1995) FEBS Lett. , vol.363 , pp. 289-292
    • Willems, J.1    Bruyneel, E.2    Noe, V.3    Siegers, H.4    Zwijsen, A.5    Mege, R.M.6    Mareel, M.7    Katholieke, M.8
  • 50
    • 0028029162 scopus 로고
    • Activation of the FGF receptor underlies neurite outgrowth stimulated by L1, N-CAM, and N-cadherin
    • Williams, E.J., Furness, J., Walsh, F.S., and Doherty, P. (1994). Activation of the FGF receptor underlies neurite outgrowth stimulated by L1, N-CAM, and N-cadherin. Neuron 13, 583-594.
    • (1994) Neuron , vol.13 , pp. 583-594
    • Williams, E.J.1    Furness, J.2    Walsh, F.S.3    Doherty, P.4
  • 51
    • 0025781539 scopus 로고
    • Evidence that matrix recognition contributes to the stabilization but not the induction of LTP
    • Xiao, P., Bahr, B.A., Staubli, L.J., Vanderklsih, P.W., and Lynch, G. (1991). Evidence that matrix recognition contributes to the stabilization but not the induction of LTP. Neuroreport 2, 461-464.
    • (1991) Neuroreport , vol.2 , pp. 461-464
    • Xiao, P.1    Bahr, B.A.2    Staubli, L.J.3    Vanderklsih, P.W.4    Lynch, G.5
  • 52
    • 0029038844 scopus 로고
    • Laminin-specific expression of adhesion molecules in developing chick optic tectum
    • Yamagata, M., Hermann, J.P., and Sanes, J.R. (1995). Laminin-specific expression of adhesion molecules in developing chick optic tectum. J. Neurosci. 15, 4556-4571.
    • (1995) J. Neurosci. , vol.15 , pp. 4556-4571
    • Yamagata, M.1    Hermann, J.P.2    Sanes, J.R.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.