Application of molecular techniques to addressing the role of P as a key effector in marine ecosystems

Hydrobiologia

Volumn 401, Issue , 1999, Pages 149-175

  Scanlan, D J ^a   Wilson, W H ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WARWICK   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Bacterioplankton; Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE); Marine viruses; Molecular markers; Phosphate limitation; Phytoplankton; Synechococcus

Indexed keywords

CELL CYCLE; DNA ANALYSIS; ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING; GROWTH REGULATION; MARINE ENVIRONMENT; MICROBIAL POPULATION DYNAMICS; MOLECULAR TECHNIQUE; PHOSPHORUS; PROTEIN BIOMARKER;

BACTERIOPLANKTON; MARINE ENVIRONMENT; MOLECULAR ANALYSIS; NUTRIENT LIMITATION; PHOSPHORUS; PHYTOPLANKTON;

ALGAE; BACTERIA (MICROORGANISMS); SYNECHOCOCCUS;

EID: 0033133583     PISSN: 00188158     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1023/A:1003742528262     Document Type: Article

References (214)

1. Albertson, N. H., S. Stretton, S. Pongpattanakitshote, J. Östling, K. C. Marshall, A. E. Goodman & S. Kjelleberg, 1996. Construction and use of a new vector/transposon, pLBT::miniTn10:lac:kan, to identify environmentally responsive genes in a marine bacterium. FEMS Microbiol. Letts. 140: 287-294.
2. Ammerman, J. W., 1993. Microbial cycling of inorganic and organic phosphorus in the water column. In Kemp P. F., B. F. Sherr, E. B. Sherr, & J. J. Cole (eds), Handbook of Methods in Aquatic Microbial Ecology. Lewis, Boca Raton: 649-660.
3. Ammerman, J. W., 1991. Role of ecto-phosphohydrolases in phosphorus regeneration in estuarine and coastal ecosystems. In Chrost R. J. (ed.), Microbial Enzymes in Aquatic Environments. Springer-Verlag, New York: 165-186.
4. Ammerman, J. W. & F. Azam, 1991a. Bacterial 5′-nucleotidase activity in estuarine and coastal marine waters: Characterisation of enzyme activity. Limnol. Oceanogr. 36: 1427-1436.
5. Ammerman, J. W. & F. Azam, 1991b. Bacterial 5′-nucleotidase activity in estuarine and coastal marine waters: Role in phosphorus regeneration. Limnol. Oceanogr. 36: 1437-1447.
6. Ammerman, J. W. & F. Azam, 1985. Bacterial 5′-nucleotidase in aquatic ecosystems: a novel mechanism of phosphorus regeneration. Science 227: 1338-1340.
7. Ammerman, J. W., E. Bentzen, E. R. Peele, J. B. Cotner & W. H. Jeffrey, 1994. Phosphorus cycling at the Bermuda time-series station: an overview. Eos, Trans. am. Geophys. Union, 75:100.
8. Anderson, D. & N. Lindquist, 1985. Time-course measurements of phosphorus depletion and cyst formation in the dinoflagellate Gonyaulax tamerensis lebour. J. exp. mar. Biol. Ecol. 86: 1-13.
9. Azam, F., T. Fenchel, J. G. Field, J. S. Gray, L. A. Meyer-Reil & F. Thingstad, 1983. The ecological role of water-column microbes in the sea. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 10: 257-263.
10. Barber, R. T. & F. P. Chavez, 1991. Regulation of primary productivity rate in the equatorial Pacific Ocean. Limnol. Oceanogr. 36: 1803-1815.
11. Barber, R. T., 1992. Geologic and climatic time scales of nutrient variability. In Falkowski P. G. & A. D. Woodhead (eds), Primary Productivity and Biogeochemical Cycles in the Sea. Plenum Press, New York: 89-106.
12. Bengis-Garber, C., 1985. Membrane-bound 5′-nucleotidase in marine luminous bacteria: Biochemical and immunological properties. Can. J. Microbiol. 31: 543-548.
13. Bengis-Garber, C. & D. J. Kushner, 1981. Purification and properties of 5′-nucleotidase from the membrane of Vibrio costicola, a moderate halophilic bacterium. J. Bact. 146: 24-32
14. Berdalet, E., M. Latasa & M. Estrada, 1994. Effects of nitrogen and phosphorus starvation on nucleic acid and protein content of Heterocapsa sp. J. Plankton Res. 16: 303-316.
15. Bergh, O., K. Y. Børsheim, G. Bratbak & M. Heldal, 1989. High abundance of viruses found in aquatic environments. Nature, 340: 467-468.
16. Berland, B. R., D. J. Bonin & S. Y. Maestrini, 1980. Azote ou phosphore? Considérations sur le 'paradoxe nutritionnel' de la mer méditerranée. Oceanol. Acta. 3: 135-142.
17. Berner, R. A., K. C. Ruttenberg, E. D. Ingall & J. L. Rao, 1993. The nature of phosphorus burial in modern marine sediments. In Wollast R., F. T. Mackenzie & L. Chou (eds), Interactions of C, N, P & S Biochemical Cycles and Global Change. NATO ASI Series, 14, Springer, Berlin: 365-378.
18. Bhaya, D., R. Schwarz & A. R. Grossman, 1999. Molecular responses to environmental stress. In Whitton B. A. & M. Potts (eds), The Ecology of Cyanobacteria: Their Diversity in Time and Space. Kluwer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands (in press).
19. Björkman, K. & D. M. Karl, 1994. Bioavailability of inorganic and organic phosphorus compounds to natural assemblages of microorganisms in Hawaiian coastal waters. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 111: 265-273.
20. Björkman, O., 1981. Responses to different quantum flux densities. In O. L. Lange, P. S. Nobel, C. B. Osmond & H. Ziegler (eds), Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology, New Series, vol. 12A. Springer-Verlag, Berlin: 57-107.
21. Boehme, J., M. E. Frischer, S. C. Jiang, C. A. Kellogg, S. Pichard, J. B. Rose, C. Steinway & J. H. Paul, 1993. Viruses, bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in the southeastern Gulf of Mexico: distribution and contribution to oceanic DNA pools. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 97: 1-10.
22. Børsheim, K. Y., G. Bratbak & M. Heldal, 1990. Enumeration and biomass estimation of planktonic bacteria and viruses by transmission electron microscopy. Appl. envir. Microbiol. 56: 352-356.
23. Boyer, G. L., J. J. Sullivan, R. J. Anderson, P. J. Harrison & F. J. R. Taylor, 1987. Effetcs of nutrient limitation on toxin production and composition in the marine dinoflagellate Protogonyaulax tamarensis. Mar. Biol. 96: 123-128.
24. Brahamsha, B., 1996. A genetic manipulation system for oceanic cyanobacteria of the genus Synechococcus. Appl. envir. Microbiol. 62: 1747-1751.
25. Bratbak, G., J. K. Egge & M. Heldal, 1993. Viral mortality of the marine alga Emiliania huxleyi (Haptophyceae) and termination of algal blooms. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 93: 39-48.
26. Bratbak, G., F. Thingstad & M. Heldal, 1994. Viruses and the microbial loop. Microb. Ecol. 28: 209-221.
27. Bratbak, G., M. Heldal, T. F. Thingstad, B. Riemann & O. H. Haslund. 1992. Incorporation of viruses into the budget of microbial C-transfer. A first approach. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 83: 273-280.
28. Bun-Ya, M., M. Nishimura, S. Harashima & Y. Oshima, 1991. The pho84 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes an inorganic phosphate transporter. Mol. cell. Biol. 11: 3229-3238.
29. Button, D. K., F. Schut, P. Quang, R. Martin & B. R. Robertson, 1993. Viability and isolation of marine bacteria by dilution culture: theory, procedures and initial results. Appl. envir. Microbiol. 59: 881-891.
30. Campbell, L., H. A. Nolla & D. Vaulot, 1994. The importance of Prochlorococcus to community structure in the central North Pacific Ocean. Limnol. Oceanogr. 39: 954-961.
31. Capone, D. G., A. Subramanian, E. J. Carpenter, J. Montoya & C. Humborg, 1996. A spatially and temporally extensive bloom of the diazotrophic cyanobacterium, Trichodesmium, in the central Arabian Sea during the spring intermonsoon. Eos, Trans. am. geophys. Union, 76: OS11A-13.
32. Capone, D. G., J. P. Zehr, H. W. Paerl, B. Bergman & E. J. Carpenter, 1997. Trichodesmium, a globally significant marine cyanobacterium. Science 276: 1221-1229.
33. Caron, D. A., 1990. Evolving role of protozoa in aquatic nutrient cycles. In Reid P. C., C. M. Turley & P. H. Burkhill (eds), Protozoa and their Role in Marine Processes. NATO ASI Series, Springer-Verlag, Berlin: 387-415.
34. Cembella, A. D., N. J. Antia & P. J. Harrison, 1984. The utilisation of inorganic and organic phosphorus compounds as nutrients by eukaryotic microalgae: a multidisciplinary perspective: Part 1. Cnt. Rev. Microbiol. 10: 317-391.
35. Cembella, A. D., N. J. Antia & P. J. Harrison, 1984. The utilisation of inorganic and organic phosphorus compounds as nutrients by eukaryotic microalgae: a multidisciplinary perspective: Part 2. Cnt. Rev. Microbiol. 11: 13-81.
36. Chavez, F. P., K. R. Buck, K. H. Coale, J. H. Martin, G. R. DiTullio, N. A. Welschmeyer, A. C. Jacobson & R. T. Barber, 1991. Growth rates, grazing, sinking, and iron limitation of equatorial Pacific phytoplankton. Limnol. Oceanogr. 36: 1816-1833.
37. Chen, F. & C. A. Suttle, 1995. Amplification of DNA polymerase gene fragments from viruses infecting microalgae. Appl. envir. Microbiol. 61: 1274-1278.
38. Chen, F., C. A. Suttle & S. M. Short, 1996. Genetic diversity in marine algal virus communities as revealed by sequence analysis of DNA polymerase genes. Appl. envir. Microbiol. 62: 2869-2874.
39. Chen, F., J. M. González, W. A. Dustman, M. A. Moran & R. E. Hudson, 1997. In situ reverse transcription, an approach to characterise genetic diversity and activities of prokaryotes. Appl. envir. Microbiol. 63: 4907-4913.
40. Chrost, R. J. (ed.), 1991. Microbial Enzymes in Aquatic Environments. Springer-Verlag, New York.
41. Coale, K. H., K. S. Johnson, S. E. Fitzwater, R. M. Gordon, S. Tanner, F. P. Chavez, L. Ferioli, C. Sakamoto, P. Rogers, F. Millero, P. Steinberg, P. Nightingale, D. Cooper, W. P. Cochlan, M. R. Landry, J. Constantinou, G. Rollwagen, A. Trasvina & R. Kudela, 1996. A massive phytoplankton bloom induced by an ecosystem-scale iron fertilisation experiment in the equatorial Pacific Ocean. Nature 383: 495-501.
42. Codispoti, L. A., 1989. Phosphorus vs. nitrogen limitation of new (export) production. In Berger W. H., V. S. Smetacek & G. Wefer (eds), Productivity of the Ocean, Present and Past. Wiley, Chichester: 377-394.
43. Collier, J. L. & A. R. Grossman, 1992. Chlorosis induced by nutrient deprivation in Synechococcus sp. strain PCC7942: not all bleaching is the same. J. Bact. 174: 4718-4726.
44. Cotner, J. B., J. W. Ammerman, E. R. Peele & E. Bentzen, 1997. Phosphorus-limited bacterioplankton growth in the Sargasso Sea. Aquat. Microb. Ecol. 13: 141-149.
45. Cotner, J. B., J. W. Ammerman, G. Van Dijken & W. Lehman, 1998. Cell specific dissolved inorganic and organic P incorporation in the Sargasso Sea. Eos, Trans. am. Geophys. Union.
46. Cullen, J. J., X. Yang & H. L. MacIntyre, 1992. Nutrient limitation of marine photosynthesis. In P. G. Falkowski & A. D. Woodhead (eds), Primary Productivity and Biogeochemical Cycles in the Sea. Plenum Press, New York: 69-88.
47. Davies, A. G., 1988. Nutrient interactions in the marine environment. In L. J. Rogers & J. R. Gallon (ed.), Biochemistry of the Algae and Cyanobacteria. Proc. Phytochem. Soc. Eur. 28. Clarendon Press, Oxford: 241-256.
48. DeFlaun, M. F., J. H. Paul & W. H. Jeffrey, 1987. Distribution and molecular weight of dissolved DNA in subtropical estuarine and oceanic environments. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 38: 65-73.
49. DeFlaun, M. F., J. H. Paul & W. H. Jeffrey, 1986. Simplified method for dissolved DNA determination in aquatic environments. Appl. envir. Microbiol. 52: 654-659.
50. DeLong, E. F., 1997. Marine microbial diversity: the tip of the iceberg. Trends Biotechnol. 15: 203-207.
51. DiTullio, G. R., D. A. Hutchins & K. W. Bruland. 1993. Interaction of iron and major nutrients controls phytoplankton growth and species composition in the tropical North Pacific Ocean. Limnol. Oceanogr. 38: 495-508.
52. Donald, K. M., D. J. Scanlan, N. G. Carr, N. H. Mann & I. Joint, 1997. Comparative phosphorus nutrition of the marine cyanobacterium Synechococcus WH7803 and the marine diatom Thalassiosira weissflogii. J. Plankton Res. 19: 1793-1813.
53. Downing, J. A., 1997. Marine nitrogen: phosphorus stoichiometry and the global N:P cycle. Biogeochemistry 37: 237-252.
54. Duce, R. A. & N. W. Tindale, 1991. Atmospheric transport of iron and its deposition in the ocean. Limnol. Oceanogr. 36: 1715-1726.
55. Dyhrman, S. T. & B. P. Palenik, 1998. The identification of cell surface proteins as markers of phosphate stress in Emiliania huxleyi. Eos, Trans. am. Geophys. Union.
56. Dyhrman, S. T. & B. P. Palenik, 1997. The identification and purification of a cell-surface alkaline phosphatase from the dinoflagellate Prorocentrum minimum (Dinophyceae). J. Phycol. 33: 602-612.
57. Eberl, L., M. Givskov, C. Sternberg, S. Møller, G. Christiansen & S. Molin, 1996. Physiological responses of Pseudomonas putida KT2442 to phosphate starvation. Microbiology 142: 155-163.
58. Eccleston-Parry, J. D. & B. S. Leadbeater, 1995. Regeneration of phosphorus and nitrogen by four species of heterotrophic nanoflagellates feeding on three nutritional states of a single bacterial strain. Appl. envir. Microbiol. 61:1033-1038.
59. Edvardsen, B., F. Moy & E. Paasche, 1990. Hemolytic activity in extracts of Chrysochromulina polylepis grown at different levels of selenite and phosphate. In E. Granéli, B. Sundström, L. Edler & D. M. Anderson (eds), Toxic Marine Phytoplankton, Elsevier, New York: 284-289.
60. Egge, J. K. & D. L. Aksnes, 1992. Silicate as regulating nutrient in phytoplankton competition. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 83: 281-289.
61. Eguchi, M., T. Nishikawa, K. MacDonald, R. Cavicchioli, J. C. Gottschal & S. Kjelleberg, 1996. Responses to stress and nutrient availability by the marine ultramicrobacterium Sphingomonas sp. strain RB2256. Appl. envir. Microbiol. 62: 1287-1294.
62. Escoubas, J. M., M. Lomas, J. LaRoche & P. G. Falkowski, 1995. Light-intensity regulation of cab gene transcription is signaled by the redox state of the plastoquinone pool. Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 92: 10237-10241.
63. Eymann, C., H. Mach, C. R. Harwood & M. Hecker, 1996. Phosphate-starvation-inducible proteins in Bacillus subtilis: a two-dimensional gel electrophoresis study. Microbiology 142: 3163-3170.
64. 2 in the ocean. Nature 387: 272-275.
65. Falkowski, P. G. & J. LaRoche, 1991. Molecular biology in studies of ocean processes. International review of cytology - a survey of cell biology 128: 261-303.
66. Falkowski, P. G., R. M. Greene & R. J. Gelder, 1992. Physiological limitations on phytoplankton productivity in the oceans. Oceanography 5: 84-91.
67. Falkowski, P. G., A. Sukenik & R. Herzig, 1989. Nitrogen limitation in Isochrysis galbana (Haptophyceae). II. Relative abundance of chloroplast proteins. J. Phycol. 25: 471-478.
68. Fanning, K. A., 1992. Nutrient provinces in the sea: concentration ratios, reaction rate ratios and ideal covariation. J. Geophys. Res. 97: 5693-5712.
69. Fisher, T R., E. R. Peele, J. W. Ammerman & L. W. J. Harding, 1992. Nutrient limitation of phytoplankton in Chesapeake Bay. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 82: 51-63.
70. Flynn, K. J., H. Opik & P. J. Syrett, 1986. Localisation of the alkaline phosphatase and 5′-nucleotidase activities of the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornatum. J. gen. Microbiol. 132: 289-298.
71. Flynn, K., J. M. Franco, P. Fernandéz, B. Reguera, M. Zapata, G. Wood & K. J. Flynn, 1994. Changes in toxin content, biomass and pigments of the dinoflagellate Alexandrium minutum during nitrogen refeeding and growth into nitrogen or phosphorus stress. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 111: 99-109.
72. Föllmi, K. B., 1996. The phosphorus cycle, phosphogenesis and marine phosphate-rich deposits. Earth-Science Reviews 40: 55-124.
73. Fourqurean, J. W., R. D. James & J. C. Zieman, 1993. Processes influencing water column nutrient characteristics and phosphorus limitation of phytoplankton biomass in Florida Bay, FL, U.S.A.: Inferences from spatial distributions. Estuar. coast. Shelf Sci. 36: 295-314.
74. Fuhrman, J., 1992. Bacterioplankton roles in cycling of organic matter: the microbial food web. In Falkowski, P. G. & A. D. Woodhead (eds), Primary Productivity and Biogeochemical Cycles in the Sea. Plenum Press, New York: 361-383.
75. Fuller, N. J., W. H. Wilson, I. R. Joint & N. H. Mann, 1998. Occurrence of a sequence in marine cyanophages similar to T4 g20 and its application to PCR-based detection and quantification techniques. Appl. envir. Microbiol. 64: 2051-2060.
76. Gage, M. A. & E. Gorham, 1985. Alkaline phosphatase activity and cellular phosphorus as an index of the phosphorus status of phytoplankton in Minnesota lakes. Freshwat. Biol. 15: 227-233.
77. Gallagcher, J. C., 1982. Physiological variation and electrophoretic banding patterns of genetically different seasonal populations of Skeletonema costatum (Bacillariophyceae). J. Phycol. 18: 148-162.
78. Geider, R. J., 1987. Light and temperature dependence of the carbon to chlorophyll a ratio in microalgae and cyanobacteria: implications for physiology and growth of phytoplankton. New Phytol. 106: 1-34.
79. Geider, R. J., H. L. Maclntyre & T. M. Kana, 1996. A dynamic model of photoadaptation in phytoplankton. Limnol. Oceanogr. 41: 1-15.
80. Geider, R. J., J. LaRoche, R. M. Greene & M. Olaizola, 1993. Response of the photosynthetic apparatus of Phaeodactylum tricornatum (Bacillariophyceae) to nitrate, phosphate, or iron starvation. J. Phycol. 29: 755-766.
81. Giovannoni, S. J., T. B. Britschgi, C. L. Moyer & K. G. Field, 1990. Genetic diversity in Sargasso Sea bacterioplankton. Nature 345: 60-63.
82. Givskov, M., L. Eberl & S. Molin, 1994. Responses to nutrient starvation in Pseudomonas putida KT2442: two-dimensional electrophoretic analysis of starvation- and stress-induced proteins. J. Bact. 176: 4816-4824.
83. Gobler, C. J., D. A. Hutchins, N. S. Fisher, E. M. Cosper & S. A. Sanudo-Wilhelmy, 1997. Release and bioavailability of C, N, P, Se and Fe following viral lysis of a marine chrysophyte. Limnol. Oceanogr. 42: 1492-1504
84. Goldstein, A. H., 1994. Involvement of the quinoprotein glucose dehydrogenase in the solubilisation of exogenous mineral phosphates by Gram-negative bacteria. In A. Torriani-Gorini, E. Yagil & S. Silver (eds), Phosphate in Microorganisms - Cellular and Molecular Biology ASM Press, Washington, D.C.: 197-203.
85. González-Gil, S., B. A. Keafer, R. V. M. Jovine, A. Anguilera & D. M. Anderson, 1998. Detection and quantification of alkaline phosphatase in single cells of phosphorus-starved marine phytoplankton. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 164: 21-35.
86. Granéli, E., 1987. Nutrient limitation of phytoplankton biomass in a brackish water bay highly influenced by river discharge. Estuar. coast. Shelf Sci. 25: 555-565.
87. Graziano, L. M., R. J. Geider, W. K. W. Li & M. Olaizola, 1996a. Nitrogen limitation of North Atlantic phytoplankton: analysis of physiological condition in nutrient enrichment experiments. Aquat. microb. Ecol. 11: 53-64.
88. Graziano, L. M., J. LaRoche & R. J. Geider, 1996b. Physiological responses to phosphorus limitation in batch and steady-state cultures of Dunaliella tertiolecta (Chlorophyta): a unique stress protein as an indicator of phosphate deficiency. J. Phycol. 32: 825-838.
89. Hancock, R. E. W., K. Poole & R. Benz, 1982. Outer membrane protein P of Pseudomonas aeruginosa: regulation by phosphate deficiency and formation of small anion-specific channels in lipid bilayer membranes. J. Bact. 150: 730-738.
90. i-selective porin, OprO, from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J. Bact. 174: 471-476.
91. Harrison, M. J. & M. L. van Buuren, 1995. A phosphate transporter from the mycorrhizal fungus Glomus versiforme. Nature 378: 626-629.
92. Harrison, P. J., M. H. Hu, Y. P. Yang & X. Lu, 1990. Phosphate limitation in estuarine and coastal waters of China. J. exp. mar. Biol. Ecol. 140: 79-87.
93. Healey, F. P. & L. L. Hendzel, 1975. Effect of phosphorus deficiency on two algae growing in chemostats. J. Phycol. 11: 303-309.
94. Healey, F. P., 1973. Inorganic nutrient uptake and deficiency in algae. Crit. Rev. Microbiol. 3: 69-113.
95. Hecky, R. E. & P. Kilham, 1988. Nutrient limitation of phytoplankton in freshwater and marine environments: a review of recent evidence on the effects of enrichment. Limnol. Oceanogr. 33: 796-822.
96. Hernández, I., J. A. Fernández & F. X. Niell, 1995. A comparative study of alkaline phosphatase activity in two species of Gelidium (Gelidiales, Rhodophyta). Eur. J. Phycol. 30: 69-77.
97. Hudson, R. E., W. A. Dustman, R. P. Garg & M. A. Moran, 1995. In situ PCR for visualisation of microscale distribution of specific genes and gene products in prokaryotic communities. Appl. envir. Microbiol. 61: 4074-4082.
98. Holligan, P. M., E. Fernández, J. Aiken, W. M. Balch, P. Boyd, P. H. Burkill, M. Finch, S. B. Groom, G. Malin, K. Muller, D. A. Purdie, C. Robinson, C. C. Trees, S. M. Turner & P. van der Wal, 1993. A biogeochemical study of the coccolithophore, Emiliania huxleyi, in the North Atlantic. Glob. Biogeochem. Cycl. 7: 879-900.
99. Ikeya, T., K. Ohki, M. Takahashi & Y. Fujita, 1997. Study on phosphate uptake of the marine cyanophyte Synechococcus sp. NIBB 1071 in relation to oligotrophic environments in the open ocean. Mar. Biol. 129: 195-202.
100. Jiang, S. C. & J. H. Paul, 1995. Viral contribution to dissolved DNA in the marine environment as determined by differential centrifugation and kingdom probing. Appl. envir. Microbiol. 61: 317-325.
101. Joint, I. (ed.), 1995. Molecular Ecology of Aquatic Microbes. NATO ASI Series, G38, Springer, Berlin.
102. Karl, D. M., 1996. Alternation of N and P control of new and export production in the north Pacific gyre: a hypothesis based on the HOT program data set. Eos, Trans, am. Geophys. Union, 76: OS221-12.
103. Karl, D. M. & M. D. Bailiff, 1989. The measurement and distribution of dissolved nucleic acids in aquatic environments. Limnol. Oceanogr. 34: 543-558.
104. Karl, D. M. & G. Tien, 1992. MAGIC: a sensitive and precise method of measuring dissolved phosphorus in aquatic environments. Limnol. Oceanogr. 37: 105-116.
105. Karl, D. M., R. Letelier, D. V. Hebel, D. F. Bird & C. D. Winn, 1992. Trichodesmium blooms and new nitrogen in the north Pacific gyre. In E. J. Carpenter, D. G. Capone & J. G. Rueter (eds), Marine Pelagic Cyanobacteria: Trichodesmium and Other Diazotrophs. NATO ASI Series, C362, Kluwer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands: 219-237.
106. Karl, D. M., R. Letelier, D. Hebel, L. Tupas, J. Dore, J. Christian & C. Winn, 1995. Ecosystem changes in the North Pacific sub-tropical gyre attributed to the 1991-1992 El Ninö. Nature 373: 230-234.
107. Kilham, P. & R. E. Hecky, 1988. Comparative ecology of marine and freshwater phytoplankton. Limnol. Oceanogr. 33: 776-795.
108. Kjelleberg, S., K. B. G. Flärdh, T. Nyström & D. J. W. Moriarty, 1993a. Growth limitation and starvation of bacteria. In T. E. Ford (ed.), Aquatic Microbiology: an Ecological Approach, Blackwell, Oxford: 289-320.
109. Kjelleberg, S., N. Albertson, K. Flärdh, L. Holmquist, A. Jouper-Jaan, R. Marouga, J. Östling, B. Svenblad & D. Weichart, 1993b. How do non-differentiating bacteria adapt to starvation? Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 63: 333-341.
110. Kokjohn, T. A., G. S. Sayler & R. V. Miller, 1991. Attachment and replication of Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteriophages under conditions simulating aquatic environments. J. gen. Microbiol. 137: 661-666.
111. Kolber, Z., J. Zehr & P. G. Falkowski, 1988. Effects of growth irradiance and nitrogen limitation on photosynthetic energy conversion in photosystem II. Plant Physiol. 88: 923-929.
112. 6 bacteriophage system. J. Biol. Chem. 182: 229-243.
113. Krom, M. D., N. Kress, S. Brenner & L. I. Gordon, 1991. Phosphorus limitation of primary productivity in the eastern Mediterranean Sea. Limnol. Oceanogr. 36: 424-432.
114. LaRoche, J., H. Murray, M. Orellana & J. Newton, 1995. Flavodoxin expression as an indicator of iron limitation in marine diatoms. J. Phycol. 31: 520-530.
115. LaRoche, J., R. J. Geider, L. M. Graziano, H. Murray & K. Lewis, 1993. Induction of specific proteins in eukaryotic algae grown under iron-, phosphorus-, or nitrogen-deficient conditions. J. Phycol. 29: 767-777.
116. Laudenbach, D. E., D. Ehrhardt, L. Green & A. Grossman, 1991. Isolation and characterisation of a sulfur-regulated gene encoding a periplasmically localised protein with sequence similarity to rhodanese. J. Bact. 173: 2751-2760.
117. Leopold, K., S. Jacobsen & O. Nybroe, 1997. A phosphate-starvation-inducible outer membrane protein of Pseudomonas fluorescens Ag1 as an immunological phosphate-starvation marker. Microbiology 143: 1019-1027.
118. Li, H., M. J. W. Veldhuis & A.F. Post, 1998. Alkaline phosphatase activities among planktonic communities in the northern Red Sea. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 173: 107-115.
119. Lin, S. & E. J. Carpenter, 1996. An empirical protocol for whole-cell immunofluorescence of marine phytoplankton. J. Phycol. 32: 1083-1094.
120. Lugtenberg, B., 1987. The pho regulon in Escherichia coli. In A. Torriani-Gorini, F. G. Rothman, S. Silver, A. Wright & E. Yagil (eds), Phosphate Metabolism and Cellular Regulation in Microorganisms. ASM Press, Washington, D.C.: 1-2.
121. Macrae, M. J. D., W. Glover, J. W. Ammerman & R. H. Sada-Ruvalcaba, 1994. Seasonal phosphorus deficiency in the Mississippi River plume: unusual large areal extent during the record flood of 1993. Eos, Trans. am. Geophys. Union, 75/3: 30.
122. Mann, N. H., 1994. Protein phosphorylation in cyanobacteria. Microbiology 140: 3207-3215.
123. 2 change: the iron hypothesis. Paleoceanography 5: 1-13.
124. Martin, J. H., K. H. Coale, K. S. Johnson, S. E. Fitzwater, R. M. Gordon, S. J. Tanner, C. N. Hunter, V. A. Elrod, J. L. Nowicki, T. L. Coley, R. T. Barber, S. Lindley, A. J. Watson, K. Van Scoy, C. S. Law, M. I. Liddicoat, R. Ling, T. Staunton, J. Stockel, C. Collins, A. Anderson, R. Bidigare, M. Ondrusek, M. Latasa, F. J. Millero, K. Lee, W. Yao, J. Z. Zhang, G. Friederich, C. Sakamoto, F. Chavez, K. Buck, Z. Kolber, R. Greene, P. Falkowski, S. W. Chisholm, F. Hoge, R. Swift, J. Yungel, S. Turner, P. Nightingale, A. Hatton, P. Liss & N. W. Tindale, 1994. Testing the iron hypothesis in ecosystems of the equatorial Pacific Ocean. Nature 371: 123-129.
125. Martinez, J. & F. Azam, 1993a. Periplasmic aminopeptidase and alkaline phosphatase activities in a marine bacterium: implications for substrate processing in the sea. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 92: 89-97.
126. Martinez, J. & F. Azam, 1993b. Aminopeptidase activity in marine chroococcoid cyanobacteria. Appl. envir. Microbiol. 59: 3701-3707.
127. Maruyama, A., M. Oda & T. Higashihara, 1993. Abundance of virus-sized non-DNase-digestable DNA (coated DNA) in eutrophic seawater. Appl. envir. Microbiol. 59: 712-717.
128. Mathews, C. K., E. M. Kutter, G. Mosig & P. B. Berget, (eds), 1983. Bacteriophage T4. American Society for Microbiology, Washington, DC.
129. McGrady-Steed, J., P. M. Harris & P. J. Morin, 1997. Biodiversity regulates ecosystem predictability. Nature 390: 162-165.
130. McKay, R. M. L., R. J. Geider & J. LaRoche, 1997. Physiological and biochemical response of the photo synthetic apparatus of two marine diatoms to Fe stress. Plant Physiol. 114: 615-622.
131. Michaels, A. F., D. Olson, J. L. Sarmiento, J. W. Ammerman, K. Fanning, R. Jahnke, A. H. Knap, F. Lipschultz & J. M. Prospero, 1996. Inputs, losses and transformations of nitrogen and phosphorus in the pelagic North Atlantic Ocean. Biogeochemistry 35: 181-226.
132. Middelboe, M., N. O. G. Jorgensen & N. Kroer, 1996. Effects of viruses on nutrient turnover and growth efficiency of noninfected marine bacterioplankton. Appl. envir. Microbiol. 62: 1991-1997.
133. Miyata, K., A. Hattori & A. Ohtsuki. 1986. Variation of cellular phosphorus composition of Skeletonema costatum and Heterosigma akashiwo grown in chemostats. Mar. Biol. 93: 291-297.
134. Moebus, K., 1996a. Marine bacteriophage reproduction under nutrient-limited growth of host bacteria. I. Investigations with six phage-host systems. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 144: 1-12.
135. Moebus, K., 1996b. Marine bacteriophage reproduction under nutrient-limited growth of host bacteria. II. Investigations with phage-host system [H3:H3/1]. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 144: 13-22.
136. Muchhal, U. S., J. M. Pardo & K. G. Raghothama, 1996. Phosphate transporters from the higher plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 93: 10519-10523.
137. Muyzer, G., E. C. De. Waal & A. G. Uitterlinden, 1993. Profiling of complex microbial populations by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis of polymerase chain reaction-amplified genes coding for 16S rRNA. Appl. envir. Microbiol. 59: 695-700.
138. Naeem, S. & S. B. Li, 1997. Biodiversity enhances ecosystem reliability. Nature 390: 507-509.
139. Nyström, T., R-M. Olsson & S. Kjelleberg, 1992. Survival, stress resistance, and alterations in protein expression in the marine Vibrio sp. strain S14 during starvation for different individual nutrients. Appl. envir. Microbiol. 58: 55-65.
140. Olson, R. J. & E. R. Zettler, 1995. Potential of flow cytometry for 'pump and probe' fluorescence measurements of phytoplankton photosynthetic characteristics. Limnol. Oceanogr. 40: 816-820.
141. Olson, R. J., A. M. Chekalyuk & H. M. Sosik, 1996. Phytoplankton photosynthetic characteristics from fluorescence induction assays of individual cells. Limnol. Oceanogr. 41: 1253-1263.
142. Orellana, M. V. & M. J. Perry, 1995. Optimisation of an immunofluorescent assay of the internal enzyme ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (rubisco) in single phytoplankton cells. J. Phycol. 31: 785-794.
143. Orellana, M. V. & M. J. Perry, 1992. An immunoprobe to measure Rubisco concentrations and maximal photosynthetic rates of individual phytoplankton cells. Limnol. Oceanogr. 37: 478-490.
144. Orrett, K. & D. M. Karl, 1987. Dissolved organic phosphorus production in surface seawaters. Limnol. Oceanogr. 32: 383-395.
145. Overbeck, J., 1991. Early studies on ecto- and extracellular enzymes in aquatic environments. In Chrost R. J. (ed.), Microbial Enzymes in Aquatic Environments. Springer Verlag, Berlin: 1-5.
146. Paasche, E. & S. Brubak, 1994. Enhanced calcification in the coccolithophorid Emiliania huxleyi (Haptophyceae) under phosphorus limitation. Phycologia 33: 324-330.
147. Paasche, J. S. & S. R. Erga, 1988. Phosphorus and nitrogen limitation of phytoplankton in the inner Oslofjord (Norway). Sarsia 73: 229-243.
148. Paerl, H. & J. L. Pinckney, 1996. A mini-review of microbial consortia: their roles in aquatic production and biogeochemical cycling. Microb. Ecol. 31: 225-247.
149. Palenik, B., 1994. Cyanobacterial community structure as seen from RNA polymerase gene sequence analysis. Appl. envir. Microbiol. 60: 3212-3219.
150. Palenik, B. & A. M. Wood, 1997. Molecular markers of phytoplankton physiological status and their application to individual cells. In Cooksey K. E. (ed.), Molecular Approaches to the Study of the Ocean. Chapman & Hall, London: 187-205.
151. Palenik, B. & J. A. Koke, 1995. Characterization of a nitrogen-regulated protein identified by cell surface biotinylation of a marine phytoplankton. Appl. envir. Microbiol. 61: 3311-3315.
152. Pan, Y., D. V. Subba Rao & K. H. Mann, 1996. Changes in domoic acid production and cellular chemical composition of the toxigenic diatom Pseudo-nitzschia multiseries under phosphate limitation. J. Phycol. 32: 371-381.
153. Parpais, J., D. Mane, F. Partensky, P. Monn & D. Vaulot, 1996. Effect of phosphorus starvation on the cell cycle of the photosynthetic prokaryote Prochlorococcus spp. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 132: 265-274.
154. Parsons, T. R., Y. Maita & C. M. Lalli, 1984. A Manual of Chemical and Biological Methods for Seawater Analysis. Pergamon Press.
155. Paul, J. H., S. C. Jiang & J. B. Rose, 1991. Concentration of viruses and dissolved DNA from aquatic environments by vortex flow filtration. Appl. envir. Microbiol. 57: 2197-2204.
156. Perry, M. J. & R. W. Eppley, 1981. Phosphate uptake by phytoplankton in the central North Pacific Ocean. Deep Sea Res. 28A: 39-49.
157. Pomeroy, L. R., J. E. Sheldon, W. M. Sheldon & F. Peters, 1995. Limits to growth and respiration of bacterioplankton in the Gulf of Mexico. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 117: 259-268.
158. Prospero, J. M., K. Barrett, T. Church, F. Dentener, R. A. Duce, J. N. Galloway, H. Levy, J. Moody & P. Quinn, 1996. Atmospheric deposition of nutrients to the North-Atlantic basin. Biogeochemistry 35: 27-73.
159. Rappé, M. S., M. T. Suzuki, K. L. Vergin & S. J. Giovannoni, 1998. Phylogenetic diversity of ultraplankton plastid small-subunit rRNA genes recovered in environmental nucleic acid samples from the Pacific and Atlantic coasts of the United States. Appl. envir. Microbiol. 64: 294-303.
160. Rath, J., C. Schiller & G. J. Herndle, 1993. Ectoenzyme activity and bacterial dynamics along a trophic gradient in the Caribbean Sea. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 102: 89-96.
161. Reddy, K. J., G. S. Bullerjahn, D. M. Sherman & L. A. Sherman, 1988. Cloning, nucleotide sequence, and mutagenesis of a gene (irpA) involved in iron-deficient growth of the cyanobacterium Synechococcus strain PCC 7942. J. Bact. 170: 4466-4476.
162. Redfield, A. C., 1958. The biological control of chemical factors in the environment. Am. Sci. 46: 205-222.
163. Reinfelder, J. R. & N. S. Fisher, 1991. The assimilation of elements ingested by marine copepods. Science 251: 794-796.
164. Riegman, R., A. A. M. Noordeloos & G. C. Cadeé, 1992. Phaeocystis blooms and eutrophication of the continental coastal zones of the North Sea. Marine Biology 112: 479-484.
165. Ripp, S. & R. V. Miller, 1997. The role of pseudolysogeny in bacteriophage-host interactions in a natural freshwater environment. Microbiology 143: 2065-2070.
166. Rivkin, R. B. & M. R. Anderson, 1997. Inorganic nutrient limitation of oceanic bacterioplankton. Limnol. Oceanogr. 42: 730-740.
167. Romig, W. & A. M. Brodetsky, 1961. Isolation and preliminary characterisation of bacteriophages for Bacillus subtilis. J. Bact. 82: 135-141.
168. Sakshaug, E., K. Andersen, S. Myklestad & Y Olsen, 1983. Nutritional status of phytoplankton communities in Norwegian waters (marine, brackish, and fresh) as revealed by their chemical composition. J. Plankton Res. 5: 175-196.
169. Scanlan, D. J., J. A. Bourne & N. H. Mann, 1997a. A putative transcriptional activator of the Crp/Fnr family from the marine cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. WH7803. J. appl. Phycol. 8: 565-567.
170. Scanlan, D. J., N. H. Mann & N. G. Carr, 1993. The response of the picoplanktonic marine cyanobacterium Synechococcus species WH7803 to phosphate starvation involves a protein homologous to the periplasmic phosphate-binding protein of Escherichia coli. Mol. Microbiol. 10: 181-191.
171. Scanlan, D. J., N. H. Mann & N. G. Carr, 1989. Effect of iron and other nutrient limitations on the pattern of outer membrane proteins in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus PCC7942. Arch. Microbiol. 152: 225-228.
172. Scanlan, D.J., N. J. Silman, K. M. Donald, W. H. Wilson, N. G. Carr, I. Joint & N. H. Mann, 1997b. An immunological approach to detect phosphate stress in populations and single cells of photo synthetic picoplankton. Appl. envir. Microbiol. 63: 2411-2420.
173. Smith, M. W. & J. W. Payne, 1992. Expression of periplasmic binding proteins for peptide transport is subject to negative regulation by phosphate limitation in Escherichia coli. FEMS Microbiol. Letts. 100: 183-190.
174. Smith, S. M. & G. L. Hitchcock, 1994. Nutrient enrichments and phytoplankton growth in the surface waters of the Louisiana Bight. Estuaries 17: 740-753.
175. Smith, S. V., 1984. Phosphorus versus nitrogen limitation in the marine environment. Limnol. Oceanogr. 29: 1149-1160.
176. Smith, S. V. & M. J. Atkinson, 1984. Phosphorus limitation of net production in a confined aquatic ecosystem. Nature 307: 626-627.
177. Sobecky, P. A., M. A. Schell, M. A. Moran & R. E. Hodson, 1996. Impact of a genetically engineered bacterium with enhanced alkaline phosphatase activity on marine phytoplankton communities. Appl. envir. Microbiol. 62: 6-12.
178. Solorzano, L. & J. H. Sharp, 1980. Determination of total dissolved phosphorus and particulate phosphorus in natural waters. Limnol. Oceanogr. 25: 754-758.
179. Suttle, C. A., 1994. The significance of viruses to mortality in aquatic microbial communities. Microb. Ecol. 28: 237-243.
180. Tamminen, T., 1989. Dissolved organic phosphorus regeneration by bacterioplankton: 5′-nucleotidase activity and subsequent phosphate uptake in a mesocosm enrichment experiment. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 58: 89-100.
181. Tanoue, E., M. Ishii & T. Midorikawa, 1996. Discrete dissolved and particulate proteins in oceanic waters. Limnol. Oceanogr. 41: 1334-1343.
182. Tanoue, E., S. Nishiyama, M. Kamo & A. Tsugita, 1995. Bacterial membranes: possible source of a major dissolved protein in seawater. Geochimica Cosmochimica Acta. 59: 2643-2648.
183. Thingstad, T. F. & R. Lignell, 1997. Theoretical models for the control of bacterial growth rate, abundance, diversity and carbon demand. Aquat. Microb. Ecol. 13: 19-27.
184. Thingstad, T. F. & F. Rassoulzadegan, 1995. Nutrient limitations, microbial food webs, and 'biological C-pumps': suggested interactions in a P-limited Mediterranean. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 117: 299-306.
185. Thingstad, T. F., E. F. Skjodal & R. A. Bohne, 1993. Phosphorus cycling and algal-bacterial competition in Sandsfjord, western Norway. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 99: 239-259.
186. Toledo, G. & B. Palenik, 1997. Synechococcus diversity in the California current as seen by RNA polymerase (rpoC1) gene sequences of isolated strains. Appl. envir. Microbiol. 63: 4298-4303.
187. Torriani-Gorini, A., E. Yagil & S. Silver (eds), 1994. Phosphate in microorganisms - cellular and molecular biology, ASM Press, Washington, D.C.
188. Tuomi, P., K. M. Fagerbakke, G. Bratbak & M. Heldal, 1995. Nutritional enrichment of a microbial community: The effects on activity, elemental composition, community structure and virus production. FEMS Microb. Ecol. 16: 123-34.
189. Turk, V., A. S. Rehnstam, E. Lundberg & A. Hagström, 1992. Release of bacterial DNA by marine nanoflagellates, an intermediate step in phosphorus regeneration. Appl. envir. Microbiol. 58: 3744-3750.
190. Tyrell, T. & C. S. Law, 1997. Low nitrate: phosphate ratios in the global ocean. Nature 387: 793-796.
191. van Bleijswijk, J. D. L. & M. J. W. Veldhuis, 1995. In situ growth rates of Emiliania huxleyi in enclosures with different phosphate loadings revealed by diel changes in DNA content. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 121: 271-277.
192. van Bleijswijk, J. D. L., R. S. Kempers, P. van der Wal, P. Westbroek, J. K. Egge & T. Lukk, 1994. Standing stocks of PIC, POC, PON and Emiliania huxleyi coccospheres and liths in sea water enclosures with different phosphate loadings. Sarsia 79: 207-317.
193. van Boekel, W. H. M., 1991. Ability of Phaeocystis sp. to grow on organic phosphates: direct measurement and prediction with the use of an inhibition constant. J. Plankton Res. 13: 959-970.
194. VanBogelen, R. A., E. R. Olson, B. L. Wanner & F. C. Neidhardt, 1996. Global analysis of proteins synthesised during phosphorus restriction in Escherichia coli. J. Bact. 178: 4344-4366.
195. van Cappellen, P. V. & E. D. Ingall, 1996. Redox stabilisation of the atmosphere and oceans by phosphorus-limited marine productivity. Science 271: 493-496.
196. Vaulot, D. & F. Partensky, 1992. Cell cycle distributions of prochlorophytes in the North western Mediterranean Sea. Deep Sea Res. 39: 727-742.
197. Vaulot, D., N. LeBot, D. Mane & E. Fukai, 1996. Effect of phosphorus on the Synechococcus cell cycle in surface Mediterranean waters during summer. Appl. envir. Microbiol. 62: 2527-2533.
198. Veldhuis, M. J. W., L. A. H. Venekamp & T. Ietswaart, 1987. Availability of phosphorus sources for blooms of Phaeocystis pouchetii (Haptophyceae) in the North Sea: impact of the river Rhine. Neth. J. Sea Res. 21:219-229.
199. Vrieling E. G. & D. M. Anderson, 1996. Immunofluorescence in phytoplankton research: applications and potential. J. Phycol. 32: 1-16.
200. Ward, D. M., R. Weller & M. M. Bateson, 1990. 16S rRNA sequences reveal numerous uncultured microorganisms in a natural community. Nature 345: 63-65.
201. Waterbury, J. B., F. W. Valois & D. G. Franks, 1994. The role of cyanophages in the dynamics of marine Synechococcus populations. In book of abstracts on VIII International Symposium on Phototrophic Prokaryotes, Urbino, Italy, Sept. 10-15, 9 pp.
202. Waterbury, J. B., S. W. Watson, F. W. Valois & D. G. Franks, 1986. Biological and ecological characterisation of the marine unicellular cyanobacterium Synechococcus. In T. Platt & W. K. W. Li (eds), Photosynthetic picoplankton, Canadian Bull. Aquat. Sci. 214: 71-120.
203. Watson, G. M. F., D. J. Scanlan & N. H. Mann, 1996. Characterisation of the genes encoding a phosphate-regulated two component sensory system in the marine cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. WH7803. FEMS Microbiol. Letts. 142: 105-109.
204. Wawer, C. & G. Muyzer, 1995. Genetic diversity of Desulfovibrio spp. in environmental samples analysed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of [NiFe] hydrogenase gene fragments. Appl. envir. Microbiol. 61: 2203-2210.
205. Weinbauer, M. G., D. Fuks & P. Peduzzi, 1993. Distribution of viruses and dissolved DNA along a coastal trophic gradient in the northern Adriatic sea. Appl. envir. Microbiol. 59: 4074-4082.
206. Weinbauer, M. G., D. Fuks, S. Puskanc & P. Peduzzi, 1995. Diel, seasonal and depth related variability of viruses and dissolved DNA in the northern Adriatic Sea. Microb. Ecol. 30: 25-41.
207. Westbroek, P., C. W. Brown, J. van Bleijswijk, C. Brownlee, G. J. Brummer, M. Conte, J. Egge, E. Fernández, R. Jordan, M. Knappertsbusch, J. Stefels, M. Veldhuis, P. van der Wal & J. Young, 1993. A model system approach to biological climate forcing. The example of Emiliania huxleyi. Global and Planetary Change 8: 27-46.
208. Wikner, J., F. Rassoulzadegan & A. Hagström, 1990. Periodic bacterivore activity counterbalances bacterial growth in the marine environment. Limnol. Oceanogr. 35: 313-324.
209. Wikner, J., J. J. Vallino, G. F. Steward, D. C. Smith & F. Azam, 1993. Nucleic acids from the host bacterium as a major source of nucleotides for three marine bacteriophages. FEMS Microb. Ecol. 12: 237-248.
210. Wilson, W. H. & N. H. Mann, 1997. Lysogenic and lytic production in marine microbial communities. Aquat. Microb. Ecol. 13: 95-100.
211. Wilson, W. H., N. G. Carr & N. H. Mann, 1996. The effect of phosphate status on the kinetics of cyanophage infection in the oceanic cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. WH7803. J. Phycol. 32: 506-516.
212. Wilson W. H., S. Turner & N. H. Mann, 1998. Population dynamics of phytoplankton and viruses in a phosphate-limited mesocosm and their effect on DMSP and DMS production. Estuar. coast. Shelf Sci. 46 (Supplement A): 49-59.
213. Wood, A. M., 1988. Molecular biology, single cell analysis, and quantitative genetics: new evolutionary genetic approaches in phytoplankton ecology. In Yentsch C. M., F. C. Mague & P. K. Horan (eds), Immunochemical Approaches to Coastal, Estuarine, and Oceanographic Questions. Springer-Verlag: 41-73.
214. Yentsch, C. S., 1980. Phytoplankton growth in the sea - a coalescence of disciplines. In P. G. Falkowski (ed.), Primary Productivity in the Sea. Plenum Press, New York: 17-32.