메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 3, Issue 1, 1999, Pages 77-83

How does radiation kill cells?

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DOUBLE STRANDED DNA; PROTEIN P53; TELOMERASE;

EID: 0032983271     PISSN: 13675931     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S1367-5931(99)80014-3     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (271)

References (65)
  • 1
    • 0028220486 scopus 로고
    • Radiation response of mouse lymphoid and myeloid cell lines. Part II. Apoptotic death is shown by all lines examined
    • Radford IR, Murphy TK, Radley JM, Ellis SL Radiation response of mouse lymphoid and myeloid cell lines. Part II. Apoptotic death is shown by all lines examined. Int J Radiat Biol. 65:1994;217-227.
    • (1994) Int J Radiat Biol , vol.65 , pp. 217-227
    • Radford, I.R.1    Murphy, T.K.2    Radley, J.M.3    Ellis, S.L.4
  • 2
    • 0026505079 scopus 로고
    • Radiation-induced apoptosis in a murine T-cell hybridoma
    • Warters RL Radiation-induced apoptosis in a murine T-cell hybridoma. Cancer Res. 52:1992;883-890.
    • (1992) Cancer Res , vol.52 , pp. 883-890
    • Warters, R.L.1
  • 3
    • 0028537064 scopus 로고
    • The sphingomyelin signal transduction pathway mediates apoptosis for tumor necrosis factor, Fas, and ionizing radiation
    • Kolesnick RN, Haimovitz-Friedman A, Fuks Z The sphingomyelin signal transduction pathway mediates apoptosis for tumor necrosis factor, Fas, and ionizing radiation. Biochem Cell Biol. 72:1994;471-474.
    • (1994) Biochem Cell Biol , vol.72 , pp. 471-474
    • Kolesnick, R.N.1    Haimovitz-Friedman, A.2    Fuks, Z.3
  • 5
    • 0030769389 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resistance to radiation-induced apoptosis in Burkitt's lymphoma cells is associated with defective ceramide signaling
    • Michael JM, Lavin MF, Watters DJ Resistance to radiation-induced apoptosis in Burkitt's lymphoma cells is associated with defective ceramide signaling. Cancer Res. 57:1997;3600-3605.
    • (1997) Cancer Res , vol.57 , pp. 3600-3605
    • Michael, J.M.1    Lavin, M.F.2    Watters, D.J.3
  • 7
    • 0029753773 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) in apoptosis induced by ultraviolet C and gamma radiation. Duration of JNK activation may determine cell death and proliferation
    • Chen YR, Wang X, Templeton D, Davis RJ, Tan TH The role of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) in apoptosis induced by ultraviolet C and gamma radiation. Duration of JNK activation may determine cell death and proliferation. J Biol Chem. 271:1996;31929.
    • (1996) J Biol Chem , vol.271 , pp. 31929
    • Chen, Y.R.1    Wang, X.2    Templeton, D.3    Davis, R.J.4    Tan, T.H.5
  • 9
    • 15144359445 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ceramide formation leads to caspase-3 activation during hypoxic PC12 cell death
    • In this paper, the authors show in neuronal PC12 cells that hypoxia-induced ceramide formation occurs through activation of neutral sphingomyelinase, which was inhibited by highly overexpressed Bcl-2. Cells overexpressing Bcl-2 were resistant to hypoxia and sphingomyelin hydrolysis was decreased; addition of C2-ceramide, a cell-permeable ceramide analogue, induced cell death and activated caspase 3 as markedly as the hypoxia treatment. In PC12 cells overexpressing Bcl-2, significant decreases in cell death and inhibition of caspase 3 activation were observed after exogenous addition of ceramide. These results suggest that ceramide mediates cell death induced by hypoxia and that Bcl-2 has an inhibitory effect on ceramide.
    • Yoshimura SI, Banno Y, Nakashima S, Takenaka K, Sakai H, Nishimura Y, Sakai N, Shimizu S, Eguchi Y, Tsujimoto Y, Nozawa Y Ceramide formation leads to caspase-3 activation during hypoxic PC12 cell death. J Biol Chem. 273:1998;6921-6927. In this paper, the authors show in neuronal PC12 cells that hypoxia-induced ceramide formation occurs through activation of neutral sphingomyelinase, which was inhibited by highly overexpressed Bcl-2. Cells overexpressing Bcl-2 were resistant to hypoxia and sphingomyelin hydrolysis was decreased; addition of C2-ceramide, a cell-permeable ceramide analogue, induced cell death and activated caspase 3 as markedly as the hypoxia treatment. In PC12 cells overexpressing Bcl-2, significant decreases in cell death and inhibition of caspase 3 activation were observed after exogenous addition of ceramide. These results suggest that ceramide mediates cell death induced by hypoxia and that Bcl-2 has an inhibitory effect on ceramide.
    • (1998) J Biol Chem , vol.273 , pp. 6921-6927
    • Yoshimura, S.I.1    Banno, Y.2    Nakashima, S.3    Takenaka, K.4    Sakai, H.5    Nishimura, Y.6    Sakai, N.7    Shimizu, S.8    Eguchi, Y.9    Tsujimoto, Y.10    Nozawa, Y.11
  • 10
    • 0028928295 scopus 로고
    • Suppression of Bcl-2 messenger RNA production may mediate apoptosis after ionizing radiation, tumor necrosis factor α, and ceramide
    • Chen M, Quintans J, Fuks Z, Thompson C, Kufe DW, Weichselbaum RR Suppression of Bcl-2 messenger RNA production may mediate apoptosis after ionizing radiation, tumor necrosis factor α, and ceramide. Cancer Res. 55:1995;991-994.
    • (1995) Cancer Res , vol.55 , pp. 991-994
    • Chen, M.1    Quintans, J.2    Fuks, Z.3    Thompson, C.4    Kufe, D.W.5    Weichselbaum, R.R.6
  • 13
    • 0030815108 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decreasing the apoptotic threshold of tumor cells through protein kinase C inhibition and sphingomyelinase activation increases tumor killing by ionizing radiation
    • This paper shows that the use of the protein kinase C inhibitor chelerytine increases sphingomyelinase activity and enhances radiation-induced cell killing through induction of apoptosis in the radioresistant tumor model SQ20-B in vitro and in vivo.
    • Chmura SJ, Mauceri HJ, Advani S, Heimann R, Beckett MA, Nodzenski E, Quintans J, Kufe DW, Weichselbaum RR Decreasing the apoptotic threshold of tumor cells through protein kinase C inhibition and sphingomyelinase activation increases tumor killing by ionizing radiation. Cancer Res. 57:1997;4340-4347. This paper shows that the use of the protein kinase C inhibitor chelerytine increases sphingomyelinase activity and enhances radiation-induced cell killing through induction of apoptosis in the radioresistant tumor model SQ20-B in vitro and in vivo.
    • (1997) Cancer Res , vol.57 , pp. 4340-4347
    • Chmura, S.J.1    Mauceri, H.J.2    Advani, S.3    Heimann, R.4    Beckett, M.A.5    Nodzenski, E.6    Quintans, J.7    Kufe, D.W.8    Weichselbaum, R.R.9
  • 15
    • 0002495979 scopus 로고
    • Relationships between chromosome damage and cell death
    • T. Ishihara, & M.S. Sasaki. New York: Liss
    • Revell SH Relationships between chromosome damage and cell death. Ishihara T, Sasaki MS Radiation-Induced Chromosome Damage in Man. 1983;215-233 Liss, New York.
    • (1983) Radiation-Induced Chromosome Damage in Man , pp. 215-233
    • Revell, S.H.1
  • 16
    • 0021270764 scopus 로고
    • Enzymatic restriction of mammalian cell DNA using Pvu-II and Bam-H1: Evidence for the double strand break origin of chromosomal aberrations
    • Bryant PE Enzymatic restriction of mammalian cell DNA using Pvu-II and Bam-H1: evidence for the double strand break origin of chromosomal aberrations. Int J Radiat Biol. 46:1984;57-65.
    • (1984) Int J Radiat Biol , vol.46 , pp. 57-65
    • Bryant, P.E.1
  • 18
    • 0031589548 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Radiation-induced micronuclei formation in human breast cancer cells: Dependence on serum and cell cycle distribution
    • Paglin S, Delohery T, Erlandson R, Yahalom J Radiation-induced micronuclei formation in human breast cancer cells: dependence on serum and cell cycle distribution. Biochem Biophys Res Com. 237:1997;678-684.
    • (1997) Biochem Biophys Res Com , vol.237 , pp. 678-684
    • Paglin, S.1    Delohery, T.2    Erlandson, R.3    Yahalom, J.4
  • 19
    • 0019051831 scopus 로고
    • The frequency of micronuclei as a measure of cell survival in irradiated cell populations
    • Midlander J, Revesz L The frequency of micronuclei as a measure of cell survival in irradiated cell populations. Int J Radiat Biol. 38:1980;237-242.
    • (1980) Int J Radiat Biol , vol.38 , pp. 237-242
    • Midlander, J.1    Revesz, L.2
  • 21
    • 0031021693 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Correlation of radiation-induced micronucleus frequency with clonogenic survival in cells of one diploid and two tetraploid murine tumor cell lines of the same origin
    • Mariya Y, Streffer C, Fuhrmann C, Wojcik A Correlation of radiation-induced micronucleus frequency with clonogenic survival in cells of one diploid and two tetraploid murine tumor cell lines of the same origin. Radiat Res. 147:1997;29-34.
    • (1997) Radiat Res , vol.147 , pp. 29-34
    • Mariya, Y.1    Streffer, C.2    Fuhrmann, C.3    Wojcik, A.4
  • 22
    • 0027455430 scopus 로고
    • Micronucleus formation in human tumor cells: Lack of correlation with radiosensitivity
    • Bush C, McMillan TJ Micronucleus formation in human tumor cells: lack of correlation with radiosensitivity. Br J Cancer. 67:1993;102-106.
    • (1993) Br J Cancer , vol.67 , pp. 102-106
    • Bush, C.1    McMillan, T.J.2
  • 23
    • 0031925106 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Radiation-induced micronucleus formation in human skin fibroblasts of patients showing severe and normal tissue damage after radiotherapy
    • Nachtab U, Oppitz U, Flentje M, Stopper H Radiation-induced micronucleus formation in human skin fibroblasts of patients showing severe and normal tissue damage after radiotherapy. Int J Radiat Biol. 73:1998;279-287.
    • (1998) Int J Radiat Biol , vol.73 , pp. 279-287
    • Nachtab, U.1    Oppitz, U.2    Flentje, M.3    Stopper, H.4
  • 24
    • 0031954535 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simultaneous evaluation of radiation-induced apoptosis and micronuclei in five cell lines
    • This study demonstrates the relative contribution of apoptosis and micronuclei frequencies to the radiosensitivity in three human tumor cell lines, and two rodent cell lines. In these cell lines, which show only modest differences in radiosensitivity, micronuclei frequency correlate with clonogenic survival in only three cell lines, while the number of apoptotic cells increased according to the increase in the radiation dose in the two other cell lines. These results suggest that simultaneous use of micronuclei assays and the detection of apoptotic cells would be more reliable for predicting cell survival after radiation.
    • Guo GZ, Sasai K, Oya N, Takagi T, Shibuya T, Hirakoa M Simultaneous evaluation of radiation-induced apoptosis and micronuclei in five cell lines. Int J Radiat Biol. 73:1998;297-302. This study demonstrates the relative contribution of apoptosis and micronuclei frequencies to the radiosensitivity in three human tumor cell lines, and two rodent cell lines. In these cell lines, which show only modest differences in radiosensitivity, micronuclei frequency correlate with clonogenic survival in only three cell lines, while the number of apoptotic cells increased according to the increase in the radiation dose in the two other cell lines. These results suggest that simultaneous use of micronuclei assays and the detection of apoptotic cells would be more reliable for predicting cell survival after radiation.
    • (1998) Int J Radiat Biol , vol.73 , pp. 297-302
    • Guo, G.Z.1    Sasai, K.2    Oya, N.3    Takagi, T.4    Shibuya, T.5    Hirakoa, M.6
  • 25
    • 0030921553 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Telomeres, senescence and cellular radiation response
    • This is a review of the mechanisms underlying senescence and compares them with those of the cellular radiation-induced response. In senescence, the cell is programmed to respond to telomere attrition and chromosomal ends lacking telomeres by inducing cell cycle arrest or programmed cell death. Moreover, at the molecular level many of the same proteins shown to regulate programmed senescence are involved in the radiation response.
    • Crompton NEA Telomeres, senescence and cellular radiation response. Cell Mol Life Sci. 53:1997;568-575. This is a review of the mechanisms underlying senescence and compares them with those of the cellular radiation-induced response. In senescence, the cell is programmed to respond to telomere attrition and chromosomal ends lacking telomeres by inducing cell cycle arrest or programmed cell death. Moreover, at the molecular level many of the same proteins shown to regulate programmed senescence are involved in the radiation response.
    • (1997) Cell Mol Life Sci , vol.53 , pp. 568-575
    • Crompton, N.E.A.1
  • 26
    • 0027459104 scopus 로고
    • Acquisition of telomere repeat sequences by transfected DNA integrated at the site of a chromosome break
    • Murnane JP, Yu L Acquisition of telomere repeat sequences by transfected DNA integrated at the site of a chromosome break. Mol Cell Biol. 13:1993;977-983.
    • (1993) Mol Cell Biol , vol.13 , pp. 977-983
    • Murnane, J.P.1    Yu, L.2
  • 27
    • 0025279931 scopus 로고
    • Telomeres shorten during aging of human fibroblasts
    • Harley CB, Futcher AB, Greider CW Telomeres shorten during aging of human fibroblasts. Nature. 345:1990;458-460.
    • (1990) Nature , vol.345 , pp. 458-460
    • Harley, C.B.1    Futcher, A.B.2    Greider, C.W.3
  • 28
    • 0025145238 scopus 로고
    • Replicative senescence: The human fibroblast comes of age
    • Goldstein S Replicative senescence: the human fibroblast comes of age. Science. 249:1990;1129-1133.
    • (1990) Science , vol.249 , pp. 1129-1133
    • Goldstein, S.1
  • 29
    • 0002762828 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chromosome healing, telomere capture and mechanisms of radiation-induced chromosome breakage
    • A review on the theories and mechanisms leading to the stabilization of the radiation-induced double strand breaks.
    • Slijepcevic P, Bryant PE Chromosome healing, telomere capture and mechanisms of radiation-induced chromosome breakage. Int J Radiat Biol. 73:1998;1-13. A review on the theories and mechanisms leading to the stabilization of the radiation-induced double strand breaks.
    • (1998) Int J Radiat Biol , vol.73 , pp. 1-13
    • Slijepcevic, P.1    Bryant, P.E.2
  • 30
    • 0031962376 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Telomeres and radiation induced chromosome breakage
    • A study demonstrating that up to 5% of radiation-induced chromatid breaks in mammalian cell lines may be modified by telomere capture (a transfer of telomeres from normal chromosomes to broken ones), leading to stabilization of the break.
    • Slijepcevic P, Natarajan AT, Bryant PE Telomeres and radiation induced chromosome breakage. Mutagenesis. 13:1998;45-49. A study demonstrating that up to 5% of radiation-induced chromatid breaks in mammalian cell lines may be modified by telomere capture (a transfer of telomeres from normal chromosomes to broken ones), leading to stabilization of the break.
    • (1998) Mutagenesis , vol.13 , pp. 45-49
    • Slijepcevic, P.1    Natarajan, A.T.2    Bryant, P.E.3
  • 33
    • 0032524070 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Requirement for Atm in ionizing radiation-induced cell death in the developing central nervous system
    • -/- mice are used to show that after irradiation, there is a resistance to apoptosis in the developing central nervous system, and that ATM-dependent apoptosis is, in this case, mediated by p53
    • -/- mice are used to show that after irradiation, there is a resistance to apoptosis in the developing central nervous system, and that ATM-dependent apoptosis is, in this case, mediated by p53.
    • (1998) Science , vol.280 , pp. 1089-1091
    • Herzog, K.H.1    Chong, M.J.2    Kapsetaki, M.3    Morgan, J.I.4    McKinnon, P.5
  • 35
    • 0031577480 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sodium butyrate induces NIH3T3 cells to senescence-like state and enhances promoter activity of p21WAF/CIP1 in p53-independent manner
    • Xiao H, Hasegawa T, Miyaishi O, Ohkusu K, Isobe Ki Sodium butyrate induces NIH3T3 cells to senescence-like state and enhances promoter activity of p21WAF/CIP1 in p53-independent manner. Biochem Biophys Res Comm. 237:1997;457-460.
    • (1997) Biochem Biophys Res Comm , vol.237 , pp. 457-460
    • Xiao, H.1    Hasegawa, T.2    Miyaishi, O.3    Ohkusu, K.4    Isobe, K.5
  • 36
    • 0026670335 scopus 로고
    • Apoptosis and the regulation of cell numbers in normal and neoplastic tissues: An overview
    • Wyllie AH Apoptosis and the regulation of cell numbers in normal and neoplastic tissues: an overview. Cancer Metast Rev. 11:1992;95-103.
    • (1992) Cancer Metast Rev , vol.11 , pp. 95-103
    • Wyllie, A.H.1
  • 38
    • 0030871457 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • P53-dependent DNA damage-induced apoptosis requires Fas/APO-1-independent activation of CPP32β
    • Fuchs E, McKenna KA, Bedi A p53-dependent DNA damage-induced apoptosis requires Fas/APO-1-independent activation of CPP32β Cancer Res. 57:1997;2550-2554.
    • (1997) Cancer Res , vol.57 , pp. 2550-2554
    • Fuchs, E.1    McKenna, K.A.2    Bedi, A.3
  • 39
    • 0030812174 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apoptois in small intestinal epithelia from p53-null mice: Evidence for a delayed, p53-independent G2/M-associated cell death after γ-irradiation
    • The demonstration of a late p53-independent radiation-induced apoptosis with morphological appearance different from those seen in early apoptosis, and probably resulting from aberrant mitosis in the small intestinal epithelia of p53 null mice.
    • Merritt A, Allen TD, Potten CS, Hickman JA Apoptois in small intestinal epithelia from p53-null mice: evidence for a delayed, p53-independent G2/M-associated cell death after γ-irradiation. Oncogene. 14:1997;2759-2766. The demonstration of a late p53-independent radiation-induced apoptosis with morphological appearance different from those seen in early apoptosis, and probably resulting from aberrant mitosis in the small intestinal epithelia of p53 null mice.
    • (1997) Oncogene , vol.14 , pp. 2759-2766
    • Merritt, A.1    Allen, T.D.2    Potten, C.S.3    Hickman, J.A.4
  • 40
    • 0029009258 scopus 로고
    • Radiation-induced apoptotic cell death in human gastric epithelial tumor cells; Correlation between mitotic death and apoptosis
    • Yanagihara K, Nii M, Numoto M, Kamiya K, Tauchi H, Sawada S, Seito T Radiation-induced apoptotic cell death in human gastric epithelial tumor cells; correlation between mitotic death and apoptosis. Int J Radiat Biol. 67:1995;677-685.
    • (1995) Int J Radiat Biol , vol.67 , pp. 677-685
    • Yanagihara, K.1    Nii, M.2    Numoto, M.3    Kamiya, K.4    Tauchi, H.5    Sawada, S.6    Seito, T.7
  • 41
    • 0014041516 scopus 로고
    • Relationship between survival period and dose of irradiation in rats thymocytes in vitro
    • Yamaguchi T Relationship between survival period and dose of irradiation in rats thymocytes in vitro. Int J Radiat Biol. 12:1967;237-242.
    • (1967) Int J Radiat Biol , vol.12 , pp. 237-242
    • Yamaguchi, T.1
  • 42
    • 0015383455 scopus 로고
    • Apoptosis: A basic biological phenomenon with wide-ranging implication in tissue kinetics
    • Kerr JFR, Wyllie AH, Currie AR Apoptosis: a basic biological phenomenon with wide-ranging implication in tissue kinetics. Br J Cancer. 26:1972;239-257.
    • (1972) Br J Cancer , vol.26 , pp. 239-257
    • Kerr, J.F.R.1    Wyllie, A.H.2    Currie, A.R.3
  • 43
    • 0020364208 scopus 로고
    • Cell death (apoptosis) in the mouse small intestine after low doses: Effects of dose-rate, 14.7 MeV neutrons, and 600 MeV (maximum energy) neutrons
    • Hendry JH, Potten CS, Chadwick C, Bianchi M Cell death (apoptosis) in the mouse small intestine after low doses: effects of dose-rate, 14.7 MeV neutrons, and 600 MeV (maximum energy) neutrons. Int J Radiat Biol. 42:1982;611-620.
    • (1982) Int J Radiat Biol , vol.42 , pp. 611-620
    • Hendry, J.H.1    Potten, C.S.2    Chadwick, C.3    Bianchi, M.4
  • 44
    • 0001243106 scopus 로고
    • Apoptotic process in the radiation-induced death of lymphocytes
    • L.D. Tomei, & F.O. Cope. New York: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory press
    • Umansky SR Apoptotic process in the radiation-induced death of lymphocytes. Tomei LD, Cope FO Apoptosis: The Molecular Basis of Cell Death. 1991;193-208 Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory press, New York.
    • (1991) Apoptosis: The Molecular Basis of Cell Death , pp. 193-208
    • Umansky, S.R.1
  • 45
    • 0028238034 scopus 로고
    • Analysis of mitotic cell death caused by radiation in mouse leukaemia L5178Y cells: Apoptosis is the ultimate form of cell death following mitotic failure
    • Tauchi H, Sawada S Analysis of mitotic cell death caused by radiation in mouse leukaemia L5178Y cells: apoptosis is the ultimate form of cell death following mitotic failure. Int J Radiat Biol. 65:1994;449-455.
    • (1994) Int J Radiat Biol , vol.65 , pp. 449-455
    • Tauchi, H.1    Sawada, S.2
  • 46
    • 0026069862 scopus 로고
    • Cyclin B expression in HeLa cells during the G2 block induced by ionizing radiation
    • Muschel RJ, Zhang HB, Ilakis G, McKenna WG Cyclin B expression in HeLa cells during the G2 block induced by ionizing radiation. Cancer Res. 51:1991;5113-5117.
    • (1991) Cancer Res , vol.51 , pp. 5113-5117
    • Muschel, R.J.1    Zhang, H.B.2    Ilakis, G.3    McKenna, W.G.4
  • 47
    • 0026485696 scopus 로고
    • Effects of ionizing radiation on cyclin expression in HeLa cells
    • Muschel RJ, Zhang HB, Ilakis G, McKenna WG Effects of ionizing radiation on cyclin expression in HeLa cells. Radiat Res. 132:1992;153-157.
    • (1992) Radiat Res , vol.132 , pp. 153-157
    • Muschel, R.J.1    Zhang, H.B.2    Ilakis, G.3    McKenna, W.G.4
  • 48
    • 0030052074 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of radiation-induced apoptosis in oncogene-transfected fibroblasts: Influence of H-ras on the G2 delay
    • McKenna WG, Bernhard EJ, Markiewicz DA, Rudoltz MS, Maity A, Muschel RJ Regulation of radiation-induced apoptosis in oncogene-transfected fibroblasts: influence of H-ras on the G2 delay. Oncogene. 12:1996;237-245.
    • (1996) Oncogene , vol.12 , pp. 237-245
    • McKenna, W.G.1    Bernhard, E.J.2    Markiewicz, D.A.3    Rudoltz, M.S.4    Maity, A.5    Muschel, R.J.6
  • 49
    • 0028925622 scopus 로고
    • Modulation of radiation-induced apoptosis and G2/M block in murine T-lymphoma cells
    • Palayoor ST, Macklis RM, Bump EA, Coleman CN Modulation of radiation-induced apoptosis and G2/M block in murine T-lymphoma cells. Radiat Res. 141:1995;235-243.
    • (1995) Radiat Res , vol.141 , pp. 235-243
    • Palayoor, S.T.1    Macklis, R.M.2    Bump, E.A.3    Coleman, C.N.4
  • 50
    • 0028076240 scopus 로고
    • Increased expression of cyclin B1 mRNA coincides with diminished G2-phase arrest in irradiated HeLa cells treated with staurosporine or caffeine
    • Bernhard EJ, Maity A, Muschel RJ, McKenna WG Increased expression of cyclin B1 mRNA coincides with diminished G2-phase arrest in irradiated HeLa cells treated with staurosporine or caffeine. Radiat Res. 140:1994;393-400.
    • (1994) Radiat Res , vol.140 , pp. 393-400
    • Bernhard, E.J.1    Maity, A.2    Muschel, R.J.3    McKenna, W.G.4
  • 51
    • 0029977376 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reducing the radiation-induced G2 delay causes HeLa cells to undergo apoptosis instead of mitotic death
    • Bernhard EJ, Muschel RJ, Bakanauskas VJ, McKenna WG Reducing the radiation-induced G2 delay causes HeLa cells to undergo apoptosis instead of mitotic death. Int J Radiat Biol. 69:1996;575-584.
    • (1996) Int J Radiat Biol , vol.69 , pp. 575-584
    • Bernhard, E.J.1    Muschel, R.J.2    Bakanauskas, V.J.3    McKenna, W.G.4
  • 56
    • 0027319521 scopus 로고
    • P53 is required for radiation-induced apoptosis in mouse thymocytes
    • Lowe SW, Schmitt EM, Smith SW, Osborne BA, Jacks T p53 is required for radiation-induced apoptosis in mouse thymocytes. Nature. 362:1993;847-849.
    • (1993) Nature , vol.362 , pp. 847-849
    • Lowe, S.W.1    Schmitt, E.M.2    Smith, S.W.3    Osborne, B.A.4    Jacks, T.5
  • 57
    • 0028047723 scopus 로고
    • The role of p53 in spontaneous and radiation-induced apoptosis in the gastrointestinal tract of normal and p53-deficient mice
    • Merritt AJ, Potten CS, Kemp CJ, Hickman JA, Balmain A, Lane DP, Hall PA The role of p53 in spontaneous and radiation-induced apoptosis in the gastrointestinal tract of normal and p53-deficient mice. Cancer Res. 54:1994;614-617.
    • (1994) Cancer Res , vol.54 , pp. 614-617
    • Merritt, A.J.1    Potten, C.S.2    Kemp, C.J.3    Hickman, J.A.4    Balmain, A.5    Lane, D.P.6    Hall, P.A.7
  • 58
    • 0028301094 scopus 로고
    • P53 dependence of early apoptotic and proliferative responses within the mouse intestinal epithelium following gamma-irradiation
    • Clarke AR, Gledhill S, Hooper ML, Bird CC, Wyllie AH p53 dependence of early apoptotic and proliferative responses within the mouse intestinal epithelium following gamma-irradiation. Oncogene. 9:1994;1767-1773.
    • (1994) Oncogene , vol.9 , pp. 1767-1773
    • Clarke, A.R.1    Gledhill, S.2    Hooper, M.L.3    Bird, C.C.4    Wyllie, A.H.5
  • 59
    • 0028978183 scopus 로고
    • Mice lacking p21CIP/WAF1 undergo normal development, but are defective in G1 checkpoint control
    • Deng C, Gang P, Harder JAW, Elledge SJ, Leder P Mice lacking p21CIP/WAF1 undergo normal development, but are defective in G1 checkpoint control. Cell. 82:1995;675-684.
    • (1995) Cell , vol.82 , pp. 675-684
    • Deng, C.1    Gang, P.2    Harder, J.A.W.3    Elledge, S.J.4    Leder, P.5
  • 60
  • 61
    • 0030667522 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atm selectively regulates distinct p53-dependent cell-cycle checkpoint and apoptotic pathways
    • Waf1 double mutant mice, demonstrating that radiation-induced apoptosis in the thymus was ATM-independent and p53-dependent.
    • Waf1 double mutant mice, demonstrating that radiation-induced apoptosis in the thymus was ATM-independent and p53-dependent.
    • (1997) Nat Genet , vol.17 , pp. 453-456
    • Barlow, C.1    Brown, K.2    Deng, C.-X.3    Tagle, D.A.4    Wynshaw-Boris, A.5
  • 62
    • 0030879563 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ATM and p53 cooperate in apoptosis and suppression of tumorigenesis, but not in resistance to acute radiation toxicity
    • The authors generated ATM-, p53- and doubly deficient mice, and studied the radiation-induced and dexamethasone-induced apoptosis from thymocytes irradiated in vitro. Moreover, they studied p53 induction in ATM null mice thymocytes after 5Gy irradiation. They showed that ATM null thymocytes manifested a partial resistance to radiation-induced apoptosis compared to doubly null thymocytes, and that p53 induction was delayed in ATM null thymocytes. These results suggest that ATM is active in radiation-induced thymocytes apoptosis in a p53-dependent manner; however, they also demonstrate that there is also an ATM-independent pathway for induction of p53 protein and p53-dependent apoptosis after gamma irradiation. Moreover, they confirmed preliminary results that dexamethasone-induced apoptosis in thymocytes is p53-independent.
    • Westphal CH, Rowan S, Schmaltz C, Elson A, Fisher DE, Leder P ATM and p53 cooperate in apoptosis and suppression of tumorigenesis, but not in resistance to acute radiation toxicity. Nat Genet. 16:1997;397-401. The authors generated ATM-, p53- and doubly deficient mice, and studied the radiation-induced and dexamethasone-induced apoptosis from thymocytes irradiated in vitro. Moreover, they studied p53 induction in ATM null mice thymocytes after 5Gy irradiation. They showed that ATM null thymocytes manifested a partial resistance to radiation-induced apoptosis compared to doubly null thymocytes, and that p53 induction was delayed in ATM null thymocytes. These results suggest that ATM is active in radiation-induced thymocytes apoptosis in a p53-dependent manner; however, they also demonstrate that there is also an ATM-independent pathway for induction of p53 protein and p53-dependent apoptosis after gamma irradiation. Moreover, they confirmed preliminary results that dexamethasone-induced apoptosis in thymocytes is p53-independent.
    • (1997) Nat Genet , vol.16 , pp. 397-401
    • Westphal, C.H.1    Rowan, S.2    Schmaltz, C.3    Elson, A.4    Fisher, D.E.5    Leder, P.6
  • 63
    • 0030871780 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apoptosis: An indicator of radiosensitivity in vitro?
    • A review on the correlation between apoptosis and radiosensitivity, focusing on the relationship between expression of apoptosis-related genes and radiosensitivity. It seems that cells which undergo rapid apoptosis following irradiation are more radiosensitive, but it is not certain whether late apoptosis iμpacts significantly on radiosensitivity.
    • Olive PL, Durand RE Apoptosis: an indicator of radiosensitivity in vitro? Int J Radiat Biol. 71:1997;695-707. A review on the correlation between apoptosis and radiosensitivity, focusing on the relationship between expression of apoptosis-related genes and radiosensitivity. It seems that cells which undergo rapid apoptosis following irradiation are more radiosensitive, but it is not certain whether late apoptosis iμpacts significantly on radiosensitivity.
    • (1997) Int J Radiat Biol , vol.71 , pp. 695-707
    • Olive, P.L.1    Durand, R.E.2
  • 64
    • 0032126541 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Explaining differences in sensitivity to killing by ionizing radiation between human lymphoid cell lines
    • 2, correlated with radiation survival, indicating that repair of DNA damage could occur in any of these phases, and that repair both reduced apoptosis and improved survival.
    • 2, correlated with radiation survival, indicating that repair of DNA damage could occur in any of these phases, and that repair both reduced apoptosis and improved survival.
    • (1998) Cancer Res , vol.58 , pp. 2817-2824
    • Aldridge, D.R.1    Radford, I.R.2
  • 65
    • 0031045967 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bcl-2 over-expression delays radiation-induced apoptosis without affecting the clonogenic survival of human prostate cancer cells
    • Kyprianou N, King ED, Bradbury D, Rhee J Bcl-2 over-expression delays radiation-induced apoptosis without affecting the clonogenic survival of human prostate cancer cells. Int J Cancer. 70:1997;341-348.
    • (1997) Int J Cancer , vol.70 , pp. 341-348
    • Kyprianou, N.1    King, E.D.2    Bradbury, D.3    Rhee, J.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.