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These experiments determined the time-lag between caged-ATP release and transient force production by kinesin using optical trapping nanometry. This type of study allows mechanical events of kinesin to be correlated with its ATPase cycle.
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These experiments addressed the question of the mechanochemical coupling ratio of kinesin - how many molecules of ATP are consumed per 8 nm step of kinesin movement? A statistical analysis on optical trapping interferometry measurements of kinesin movement showed that kinesin consumes one ATP per 8 nm step at low loads.
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These experiments demonstrated that dynein arms produce oscillating forces, providing a possible explanation for the eukaryotic flagellar rhythmic beating motion. The forces were detected with optical trapping nanometry.
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This work demonstrated that the transcription rate of single molecules of RNA polymerase could be tracked under various loads with feedback-enhanced optical trapping interferometry, and established a force-velocity relation for this motor.
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