메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 40, Issue 3, 1999, Pages 227-238

Antioxidant vitamins and prevention of cardiovascular disease: Laboratory, epidemiological and clinical trial data

Author keywords

Antioxidant; Atherosclerosis; Ischaemic heart disease; Review

Indexed keywords

ALPHA TOCOPHEROL; ANTIOXIDANT; ASCORBIC ACID; BETA CAROTENE;

EID: 0032831884     PISSN: 10436618     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1006/phrs.1999.0480     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (124)

References (111)
  • 1
    • 0032576345 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • th century saga
    • th century saga. Lancet 1998; 352: 1771-4.
    • (1998) Lancet , vol.352 , pp. 1771-1774
    • Braunwald, E.1
  • 2
    • 0029010692 scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology of avoidable delay in the care of acute myocardial infarction patients in Italy: A GISSI generated study
    • GISSI-Avoidable Delay Study Group. Epidemiology of avoidable delay in the care of acute myocardial infarction patients in Italy: a GISSI generated study. Arch Intern Med 1995; 155: 1481-8.
    • (1995) Arch Intern Med , vol.155 , pp. 1481-1488
  • 3
    • 0030716815 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trends in cardiovascular mortality in Europe
    • Fox R. Trends in cardiovascular mortality in Europe. Circulation 1997; 96: 3817-18.
    • (1997) Circulation , vol.96 , pp. 3817-3818
    • Fox, R.1
  • 4
    • 0030807192 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The burden of cardiovascular diseases mortality in Europe
    • Sans S, Kesteloot H, Kromhout D, on behalf of the Task Force of the European society of Cardiology on Cardiovascular Mortality and Morbidity Statistics in Europe. The burden of cardiovascular diseases mortality in Europe. Eur Heart J 1997; 18: 1231-48.
    • (1997) Eur Heart J , vol.18 , pp. 1231-1248
    • Sans, S.1    Kesteloot, H.2    Kromhout, D.3
  • 5
    • 0026601762 scopus 로고
    • Nutrition and health
    • Kesteloot H. Nutrition and health. Eur Heart J 1992; 13: 120-8.
    • (1992) Eur Heart J , vol.13 , pp. 120-128
    • Kesteloot, H.1
  • 6
    • 0030020685 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • East-West mortality divide and its potential explanations: Proposed research agenda
    • Bobak M, Marmot M. East-West mortality divide and its potential explanations: proposed research agenda. Br Med J 1996; 312: 421-5.
    • (1996) Br Med J , vol.312 , pp. 421-425
    • Bobak, M.1    Marmot, M.2
  • 7
    • 0030996001 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global mortality, disability, and the contribution of risk factors: Global burden of disease study
    • Murray CJ, Lopez AD. Global mortality, disability, and the contribution of risk factors: global burden of disease study. Lancet 1997; 349: 1436-42.
    • (1997) Lancet , vol.349 , pp. 1436-1442
    • Murray, C.J.1    Lopez, A.D.2
  • 8
    • 0028901476 scopus 로고
    • Antioxidant nutrients, atherosclerosis, and coronary heart disease
    • Oliver MF. Antioxidant nutrients, atherosclerosis, and coronary heart disease. Br Heart J 1995; 73: 299-301.
    • (1995) Br Heart J , vol.73 , pp. 299-301
    • Oliver, M.F.1
  • 9
    • 0028865472 scopus 로고
    • The antioxidant vitamins and cardiovascular disease: A critical review of epidemiologic and clinical trial data
    • Jha P, Flather M, Lonn E, Farkouh M, Yusuf S. The antioxidant vitamins and cardiovascular disease: A critical review of epidemiologic and clinical trial data. Ann Intern Med 1995; 123: 860-72.
    • (1995) Ann Intern Med , vol.123 , pp. 860-872
    • Jha, P.1    Flather, M.2    Lonn, E.3    Farkouh, M.4    Yusuf, S.5
  • 10
    • 0031775914 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Where are we with vitamin E?
    • Morrow DA. Where are we with vitamin E? J Thromb Throbolysys 1998; 5: 209-14.
    • (1998) J Thromb Throbolysys , vol.5 , pp. 209-214
    • Morrow, D.A.1
  • 11
    • 0030780093 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is there a role for antioxidant vitamins in the prevention of cardiovascular disease? An update on epidemiological and clinical trials data
    • Lonn E, Yusuf S. Is there a role for antioxidant vitamins in the prevention of cardiovascular disease? An update on epidemiological and clinical trials data. Can J Cardiol 1997; 13: 957-65.
    • (1997) Can J Cardiol , vol.13 , pp. 957-965
    • Lonn, E.1    Yusuf, S.2
  • 12
    • 0031984899 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interpretation of the linxian vitamin supplement chemoprevention trials
    • Omenn GS. Interpretation of the linxian vitamin supplement chemoprevention trials. Epidemiology 1998; 9: 1-4.
    • (1998) Epidemiology , vol.9 , pp. 1-4
    • Omenn, G.S.1
  • 13
    • 0028780808 scopus 로고
    • Antioxidant vitamins and coronary heart disease risk
    • Gaziano JM. Antioxidant vitamins and coronary heart disease risk. Am J Med 1994; 97: 18S-21S.
    • (1994) Am J Med , vol.97
    • Gaziano, J.M.1
  • 14
    • 0030904734 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anti-oxidant therapy for ischaemic heart disease: Where do we stand?
    • Stephens N. Anti-oxidant therapy for ischaemic heart disease: where do we stand? Lancet 1997; 349: 1710-11.
    • (1997) Lancet , vol.349 , pp. 1710-1711
    • Stephens, N.1
  • 15
    • 0028891537 scopus 로고
    • Antioxidants and the prevention of coronary heart disease
    • Hoffman RM, Garewal HS. Antioxidants and the prevention of coronary heart disease. Arch Intern Med 1995; 155: 241-6.
    • (1995) Arch Intern Med , vol.155 , pp. 241-246
    • Hoffman, R.M.1    Garewal, H.S.2
  • 16
    • 0028821723 scopus 로고
    • Controlling coronary risk through nutrition
    • Nestel PJ. Controlling coronary risk through nutrition. Can J Cardiol 1995; 11: 9G-14G.
    • (1995) Can J Cardiol , vol.11
    • Nestel, P.J.1
  • 18
    • 0028820836 scopus 로고
    • Epidemiologic evidence for vitamin E in prevention of cardiovascular disease
    • Stampfer MJ, Rimm EB. Epidemiologic evidence for vitamin E in prevention of cardiovascular disease. Am J Clin Nutr 1995; 62: 1365S-9S.
    • (1995) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.62
    • Stampfer, M.J.1    Rimm, E.B.2
  • 19
    • 0027652934 scopus 로고
    • Il quadro di riferimento biochimico, farmacologico, epidemiologico del GISSI-Prevenzione
    • Marchioli R, Di Pasquale A. Il quadro di riferimento biochimico, farmacologico, epidemiologico del GISSI-Prevenzione. G Ital Cardiol 1993; 23: 933-64.
    • (1993) G Ital Cardiol , vol.23 , pp. 933-964
    • Marchioli, R.1    Di Pasquale, A.2
  • 20
    • 0008029646 scopus 로고
    • Metaboliti reattivi dell'ossigeno in medicina interna
    • Onori L, Ciccocioppo R, Saltarelli P et al. Metaboliti reattivi dell'ossigeno in medicina interna. Federazione Medica 1992; 5: 31-38.
    • (1992) Federazione Medica , vol.5 , pp. 31-38
    • Onori, L.1    Ciccocioppo, R.2    Saltarelli, P.3
  • 21
    • 0008030523 scopus 로고
    • Vitamine antiossidanti nella prevenzione primaria e secondaria della cardiopatia ischemica
    • Scientific Press Ed
    • Marchioli R, Schweiger C. Vitamine antiossidanti nella prevenzione primaria e secondaria della cardiopatia ischemica. In: Cardiologia. Scientific Press Ed, 1994: 551-69.
    • (1994) Cardiologia , pp. 551-569
    • Marchioli, R.1    Schweiger, C.2
  • 23
    • 0026039122 scopus 로고
    • Antioxidants and atherosclerosis. A current assessment
    • Steinberg D: Antioxidants and atherosclerosis. A current assessment. Circulation 1991; 84: 1420-5.
    • (1991) Circulation , vol.84 , pp. 1420-1425
    • Steinberg, D.1
  • 24
  • 25
    • 0026874975 scopus 로고
    • Antioxidants in the prevention of human atherosclerosis
    • Steinberg D, Workshop Participants. Antioxidants in the prevention of human atherosclerosis. Circulation 1992; 85: 2337-44.
    • (1992) Circulation , vol.85 , pp. 2337-2344
    • Steinberg, D.1    Participants, W.2
  • 26
    • 0024603895 scopus 로고
    • Beyond cholesterol. Modifications of low-density lipoprotein that increase its atherogenicity
    • Steinberg D, Parthasarathy S, Carew TE, Khoo JC, Witztum JL. Beyond cholesterol. Modifications of low-density lipoprotein that increase its atherogenicity. N Engl J Med 1989; 320: 915-24.
    • (1989) N Engl J Med , vol.320 , pp. 915-924
    • Steinberg, D.1    Parthasarathy, S.2    Carew, T.E.3    Khoo, J.C.4    Witztum, J.L.5
  • 27
  • 28
    • 0025976477 scopus 로고
    • Antioxidants and coronary heart disease
    • Sullivan JL. Antioxidants and coronary heart disease. Lancet 1991; 337: 432-3.
    • (1991) Lancet , vol.337 , pp. 432-433
    • Sullivan, J.L.1
  • 29
    • 0026657363 scopus 로고
    • The role of lipid peroxidation and antioxidants in oxidative modification of LDL
    • Esterbauer H, Gebicki J, Puhl H, Jurgens G. The role of lipid peroxidation and antioxidants in oxidative modification of LDL. Free Radic Biol Med 1992; 13: 341-90.
    • (1992) Free Radic Biol Med , vol.13 , pp. 341-390
    • Esterbauer, H.1    Gebicki, J.2    Puhl, H.3    Jurgens, G.4
  • 30
    • 0025633323 scopus 로고
    • Lipoproteins and atherogenesis. Current Concepts
    • Steinberg D, Witztum JL. Lipoproteins and atherogenesis. Current Concepts. J Am Med Assoc 1990; 264: 3047-52.
    • (1990) J Am Med Assoc , vol.264 , pp. 3047-3052
    • Steinberg, D.1    Witztum, J.L.2
  • 31
    • 0002397219 scopus 로고
    • The pathogenesis of atherosclerosis
    • Braunwald E, eds. Heart disease. Philadelphia: WB Saunders Company
    • Ross R. The pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. In: Braunwald E, eds. Heart disease. A textbook of cardiovascular medicine. 4th ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders Company, 1992: 1106-24.
    • (1992) A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine. 4th Ed. , pp. 1106-1124
    • Ross, R.1
  • 32
    • 0025315455 scopus 로고
    • Vitamin E: Antioxidant activity, biokinetics, and bioavailability
    • Burton GW, Traber MG. Vitamin E: antioxidant activity, biokinetics, and bioavailability. Ann Rev Nutr 1990; 10: 357-82.
    • (1990) Ann Rev Nutr , vol.10 , pp. 357-382
    • Burton, G.W.1    Traber, M.G.2
  • 35
    • 0024239038 scopus 로고
    • Antioxidant defenses and lipid peroxidation in human blood plasma
    • Frei B, Stocker R, Ames BN. Antioxidant defenses and lipid peroxidation in human blood plasma. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1988; 85: 9748-52.
    • (1988) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.85 , pp. 9748-9752
    • Frei, B.1    Stocker, R.2    Ames, B.N.3
  • 36
    • 0023833209 scopus 로고
    • Presence of a modified low density lipoprotein in humans
    • Avogaro P, Bon GB, Cazzolato G. Presence of a modified low density lipoprotein in humans. Arteriosclerosis 1988; 8: 79-87.
    • (1988) Arteriosclerosis , vol.8 , pp. 79-87
    • Avogaro, P.1    Bon, G.B.2    Cazzolato, G.3
  • 37
    • 0026657363 scopus 로고
    • The role of lipid peroxidation and antioxidants in oxidative modification of LDL
    • Esterbauer H, Gebicki J, Puhl H, Jurgens G. The role of lipid peroxidation and antioxidants in oxidative modification of LDL. Free Radic Biol Med 1992; 13: 341-90.
    • (1992) Free Radic Biol Med , vol.13 , pp. 341-390
    • Esterbauer, H.1    Gebicki, J.2    Puhl, H.3    Jurgens, G.4
  • 38
  • 39
    • 0022399823 scopus 로고
    • Endothelial cell-derived chemotactic activity for mouse peritoneal macrophages and the effects of modified forms of low density lipoprotein
    • Quinn MT, Parthasarathy S, Steinberg D. Endothelial cell-derived chemotactic activity for mouse peritoneal macrophages and the effects of modified forms of low density lipoprotein. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1985; 82: 5949-53.
    • (1985) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.82 , pp. 5949-5953
    • Quinn, M.T.1    Parthasarathy, S.2    Steinberg, D.3
  • 40
    • 0023192020 scopus 로고
    • Oxidatively modified low density lipoproteins: A potential role in recruitment and retention of monocyte/macrophages during atherogenesis
    • Quinn MT, Parthasarathy S, Fong LG, Steinberg D. Oxidatively modified low density lipoproteins: A potential role in recruitment and retention of monocyte/macrophages during atherogenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1987; 84: 2995-8.
    • (1987) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.84 , pp. 2995-2998
    • Quinn, M.T.1    Parthasarathy, S.2    Fong, L.G.3    Steinberg, D.4
  • 41
    • 0025949134 scopus 로고
    • Biologically modified LDL increases the adhesive properties of endothelial cells
    • Frostergard J, Haegerstrand A, Gidlund L, Nilsson J. Biologically modified LDL increases the adhesive properties of endothelial cells. Atherosclerosis 1991; 90: 119-26.
    • (1991) Atherosclerosis , vol.90 , pp. 119-126
    • Frostergard, J.1    Haegerstrand, A.2    Gidlund, L.3    Nilsson, J.4
  • 42
    • 0029650740 scopus 로고
    • Cholesterol reduction in cardiovascular disease: Clinical benefits and possible mechanisms
    • Levine GN, Keaney JF, Vita JA. Cholesterol reduction in cardiovascular disease: clinical benefits and possible mechanisms. N Engl J Med 1995; 332: 512-21.
    • (1995) N Engl J Med , vol.332 , pp. 512-521
    • Levine, G.N.1    Keaney, J.F.2    Vita, J.A.3
  • 43
    • 0025945658 scopus 로고
    • High density lipoprotein loses its effect to stimulate efflux of cholesterol from foam cells after oxidative modification
    • Nagano Y, Arai H, Kita T. High density lipoprotein loses its effect to stimulate efflux of cholesterol from foam cells after oxidative modification. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1991; 88: 6457-61.
    • (1991) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.88 , pp. 6457-6461
    • Nagano, Y.1    Arai, H.2    Kita, T.3
  • 44
    • 0027513553 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of supplementation of RRR-α-tocopherol and racemic α-tocopherol in humans. Effects on lipid levels and lipoprotein susceptibility to oxidation
    • Reaven PD, Witztum JL. Comparison of supplementation of RRR-α-tocopherol and racemic α-tocopherol in humans. Effects on lipid levels and lipoprotein susceptibility to oxidation. Arterioscler Thromb 1993; 13: 601-8.
    • (1993) Arterioscler Thromb , vol.13 , pp. 601-608
    • Reaven, P.D.1    Witztum, J.L.2
  • 45
    • 0027411988 scopus 로고
    • Effect of dietary antioxidant combinations in humans. Protection of LDL by vitamin e but not by β-carotene
    • Reaven PD, Khouw A, Beltz WF, Parthasarathy S, Witztum JL. Effect of dietary antioxidant combinations in humans. Protection of LDL by vitamin E but not by β-carotene. Arterioscler Thromb 1993; 13: 590-600.
    • (1993) Arterioscler Thromb , vol.13 , pp. 590-600
    • Reaven, P.D.1    Khouw, A.2    Beltz, W.F.3    Parthasarathy, S.4    Witztum, J.L.5
  • 46
    • 0013693531 scopus 로고
    • Antiatherogenic effect of probucol unrelated to its hypocholesterolemic effect: Evidence that antioxidants in vivo can selectively inhibit low density lipoprotein degradation in macrophage-rich fatty streaks and slow the progression of atherosclerosis in the Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic rabbit
    • Carew TE, Schwenke DC, Steinberg D. Antiatherogenic effect of probucol unrelated to its hypocholesterolemic effect: evidence that antioxidants in vivo can selectively inhibit low density lipoprotein degradation in macrophage-rich fatty streaks and slow the progression of atherosclerosis in the Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic rabbit. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1987; 84: 7725-9.
    • (1987) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.84 , pp. 7725-7729
    • Carew, T.E.1    Schwenke, D.C.2    Steinberg, D.3
  • 47
    • 0023392413 scopus 로고
    • Probucol prevents the progression of atherosclerosis in Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic rabbit, an animal model for familial hypercholesterolemia
    • Kita T, Nagano Y, Yokode M et al. Probucol prevents the progression of atherosclerosis in Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic rabbit, an animal model for familial hypercholesterolemia. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1987; 84: 5928-31.
    • (1987) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.84 , pp. 5928-5931
    • Kita, T.1    Nagano, Y.2    Yokode, M.3
  • 48
    • 0027197086 scopus 로고
    • Increased risk of cardiovascular disease at suboptimal plasma concentrations of essential antioxidants: An epidemiological update with special attention to carotene and vitamin C
    • Gey KF, Moser UK, Jordan P, Stähelin HB, Eichholzer M, Lüdin E. Increased risk of cardiovascular disease at suboptimal plasma concentrations of essential antioxidants: an epidemiological update with special attention to carotene and vitamin C. Am J Clin Nutr 1993; 57(Suppl): 787S-97S.
    • (1993) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.57 , Issue.SUPPL.
    • Gey, K.F.1    Moser, U.K.2    Jordan, P.3    Stähelin, H.B.4    Eichholzer, M.5    Lüdin, E.6
  • 49
    • 0025911657 scopus 로고
    • Varying susceptibility of different low density lipoproteins to oxidative modification
    • Jalal I, Freeman DA, Grundy SM. Varying susceptibility of different low density lipoproteins to oxidative modification. Arterioscler Thromb 1191; 11: 482-8.
    • (1191) Arterioscler Thromb , vol.11 , pp. 482-488
    • Jalal, I.1    Freeman, D.A.2    Grundy, S.M.3
  • 50
    • 0027077720 scopus 로고
    • Influence of antioxidant vitamins on LDL oxidation
    • Jalal I, Grundy SM. Influence of antioxidant vitamins on LDL oxidation. Ann NY Acad Sci 1992; 669: 237-48.
    • (1992) Ann NY Acad Sci , vol.669 , pp. 237-248
    • Jalal, I.1    Grundy, S.M.2
  • 51
    • 0008029802 scopus 로고
    • Combined supplementation with alpha-tocopherol, ascorbate and beta-carotene inhibits LDL oxidation
    • Jalal I, Grundy SM. Combined supplementation with alpha-tocopherol, ascorbate and beta-carotene inhibits LDL oxidation. Circulation 1992; 86: 462.
    • (1992) Circulation , vol.86 , pp. 462
    • Jalal, I.1    Grundy, S.M.2
  • 52
    • 0023687897 scopus 로고
    • Malondialdehyde-altered protein occurs in atheroma of Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic rabbits
    • Haberland ME, Fong D, Cheng L. Malondialdehyde-altered protein occurs in atheroma of Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic rabbits. Science 1988; 241: 215-18.
    • (1988) Science , vol.241 , pp. 215-218
    • Haberland, M.E.1    Fong, D.2    Cheng, L.3
  • 53
  • 54
    • 0023241953 scopus 로고
    • Immunological detection of low density lipoproteins modified by malondialdehyde in vitro or in vivo
    • Salmon S, Maziere C, Theron L et al. Immunological detection of low density lipoproteins modified by malondialdehyde in vitro or in vivo. Biochim Biophys Acta 1987; 920: 215-20.
    • (1987) Biochim Biophys Acta , vol.920 , pp. 215-220
    • Salmon, S.1    Maziere, C.2    Theron, L.3
  • 56
    • 0026570225 scopus 로고
    • Inactivation of endothelial derived relaxing factor by oxidised lipoproteins
    • Chin JH, Azhar S, Hoffman BB. Inactivation of endothelial derived relaxing factor by oxidised lipoproteins. J Clin Invest 1992; 89: 10-18.
    • (1992) J Clin Invest , vol.89 , pp. 10-18
    • Chin, J.H.1    Azhar, S.2    Hoffman, B.B.3
  • 57
    • 0025286558 scopus 로고
    • Impairment of endothelium-dependent arterial relaxation by lysolecithin in modified low-density lipoproteins
    • Kugiyama K, Kerns SA, Morriset JD, Roberts R, Henry PD. Impairment of endothelium-dependent arterial relaxation by lysolecithin in modified low-density lipoproteins. Nature 1990; 344: 160-2.
    • (1990) Nature , vol.344 , pp. 160-162
    • Kugiyama, K.1    Kerns, S.A.2    Morriset, J.D.3    Roberts, R.4    Henry, P.D.5
  • 58
    • 0026463818 scopus 로고
    • Lysophosphatidylcholine inhibits surface receptor-mediated intracellular signals in endothelial cells by a pathway involving protein kinase C activation
    • Kugiyama K, Ohgushi M, Sugiyama S et al. Lysophosphatidylcholine inhibits surface receptor-mediated intracellular signals in endothelial cells by a pathway involving protein kinase C activation. Circ Res 1992; 71: 1422-8.
    • (1992) Circ Res , vol.71 , pp. 1422-1428
    • Kugiyama, K.1    Ohgushi, M.2    Sugiyama, S.3
  • 59
    • 0029944767 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endothelium-dependent coronary vasomotion relates to susceptibility of LDL to oxidation in humans
    • Anderson TJ, Meredith IT, Charbonneau F et al. Endothelium-dependent coronary vasomotion relates to susceptibility of LDL to oxidation in humans. Circulation 1996; 93: 1647-50.
    • (1996) Circulation , vol.93 , pp. 1647-1650
    • Anderson, T.J.1    Meredith, I.T.2    Charbonneau, F.3
  • 60
    • 0028167636 scopus 로고
    • Alpha-tocopherol inhibits agonist-induced monocytic cell adhesion to cultured endothelial cells
    • Faruqi R, de la Motte C, DiCorleto PE. Alpha-tocopherol inhibits agonist-induced monocytic cell adhesion to cultured endothelial cells. J Clin Invest 1994; 94: 592-6.
    • (1994) J Clin Invest , vol.94 , pp. 592-596
    • Faruqi, R.1    De La Motte, C.2    DiCorleto, P.E.3
  • 61
    • 0027493658 scopus 로고
    • Probucol and other antioxidants prevent the inhibition of endothelium-dependent arterial relaxation by low density lipoproteins
    • Plane F, Jacobs M, McManus D, Bruckdorfer KR. Probucol and other antioxidants prevent the inhibition of endothelium-dependent arterial relaxation by low density lipoproteins. Atherosclerosis 1993; 103: 73-9.
    • (1993) Atherosclerosis , vol.103 , pp. 73-79
    • Plane, F.1    Jacobs, M.2    McManus, D.3    Bruckdorfer, K.R.4
  • 63
    • 0031471077 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Isoprostanes: Potential markers of oxidant stress in atherothrombotic disease
    • Patrono C, FitzGerald GA. Isoprostanes: potential markers of oxidant stress in atherothrombotic disease. Arterioscl Thromb Vasc Biol 1997; 17: 2309-15.
    • (1997) Arterioscl Thromb Vasc Biol , vol.17 , pp. 2309-2315
    • Patrono, C.1    FitzGerald, G.A.2
  • 65
    • 0029056744 scopus 로고
    • Prevention of atherosclerosis: The potential role of antioxidants
    • Mehra MR, Lavie CJ, Ventura HO, Milani RV. Prevention of atherosclerosis: the potential role of antioxidants. Postgrad Med 1995; 98: 175-84.
    • (1995) Postgrad Med , vol.98 , pp. 175-184
    • Mehra, M.R.1    Lavie, C.J.2    Ventura, H.O.3    Milani, R.V.4
  • 66
    • 0345254406 scopus 로고
    • Cigarette smoking renders LDL susceptible to peroxidative modification and enhanced metabolism by macrophages
    • Harats D, Ben-Naim M, Dabach Y et al. Cigarette smoking renders LDL susceptible to peroxidative modification and enhanced metabolism by macrophages. Arterioscler Thromb 1991; 11: 482-8.
    • (1991) Arterioscler Thromb , vol.11 , pp. 482-488
    • Harats, D.1    Ben-Naim, M.2    Dabach, Y.3
  • 67
    • 0026544761 scopus 로고
    • Increased oxidability of plasma lipoproteins in diabetic patients can be decreased by probucol therapy and is not due to glycation
    • Babiy AV, Gebicki JM, Sullivan DR et al. Increased oxidability of plasma lipoproteins in diabetic patients can be decreased by probucol therapy and is not due to glycation. Biochem Pharmacol 1992; 43: 995-1000.
    • (1992) Biochem Pharmacol , vol.43 , pp. 995-1000
    • Babiy, A.V.1    Gebicki, J.M.2    Sullivan, D.R.3
  • 69
    • 0023484789 scopus 로고
    • Quantitative methods in the review of epidemiologic literature
    • Greenland S. Quantitative methods in the review of epidemiologic literature. Epidemiol Rev 1987; 39: 1-30.
    • (1987) Epidemiol Rev , vol.39 , pp. 1-30
    • Greenland, S.1
  • 72
    • 0029918290 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dietary antioxidant vitamins and death from coronary heart disease in postmenopausal women
    • Kushi LH, Folsom AR, Prineas RJ et al. Dietary antioxidant vitamins and death from coronary heart disease in postmenopausal women. N Engl J Med 1996; 334: 1156-62.
    • (1996) N Engl J Med , vol.334 , pp. 1156-1162
    • Kushi, L.H.1    Folsom, A.R.2    Prineas, R.J.3
  • 73
    • 0028283939 scopus 로고
    • Antioxidant vitamin intake and coronary mortality in a longitudinal population study
    • Knekt P, Reunanen A, Jarvinen R et al. Antioxidant vitamin intake and coronary mortality in a longitudinal population study. Am J Epidemiol 1994; 139: 1180-9.
    • (1994) Am J Epidemiol , vol.139 , pp. 1180-1189
    • Knekt, P.1    Reunanen, A.2    Jarvinen, R.3
  • 74
    • 0000601242 scopus 로고
    • Dietary beta-carotene and decreased cardiovascular mortality in an elderly cohort
    • Gaziano JM, Manson JE, Branch LG et al. Dietary beta-carotene and decreased cardiovascular mortality in an elderly cohort (abstract). J Am Coll Cardiol 1992; 19(Suppl A): 377A.
    • (1992) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.19 , Issue.SUPPL. A
    • Gaziano, J.M.1    Manson, J.E.2    Branch, L.G.3
  • 75
    • 0027197086 scopus 로고
    • Increased risk of cardiovascular disease at suboptimal plasma concetrations of essential antioxidants: An epidemiological update with special attention to carotene and vitamin C
    • Gey KF, Moser UK, Jordan P, Stähelin HB, Eichholzer M, Lüdin E. Increased risk of cardiovascular disease at suboptimal plasma concetrations of essential antioxidants: an epidemiological update with special attention to carotene and vitamin C. Am J Clin Nutr 1993; 57(Suppl): 787S-97S.
    • (1993) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.57 , Issue.SUPPL.
    • Gey, K.F.1    Moser, U.K.2    Jordan, P.3    Stähelin, H.B.4    Eichholzer, M.5    Lüdin, E.6
  • 76
    • 84943209596 scopus 로고
    • Serum carotenoids and coronary heart disease: The lipid research clinics coronary primary prevention trial and follow-up study
    • Morris DL, Krichevsky SB, Davis CE. Serum carotenoids and coronary heart disease: The lipid research clinics coronary primary prevention trial and follow-up study. J Am Med Assoc 1994; 272: 1439-41.
    • (1994) J Am Med Assoc , vol.272 , pp. 1439-1441
    • Morris, D.L.1    Krichevsky, S.B.2    Davis, C.E.3
  • 78
    • 0021883086 scopus 로고
    • Serum fatty acids, apolipoproteins, selenium and vitamin antioxidants and the risk of death from coronary artery disease
    • Salonen JT, Salonen R, Penttilä I et al. Serum fatty acids, apolipoproteins, selenium and vitamin antioxidants and the risk of death from coronary artery disease. Am J Cardiol 1985; 56: 226-31.
    • (1985) Am J Cardiol , vol.56 , pp. 226-231
    • Salonen, J.T.1    Salonen, R.2    Penttilä, I.3
  • 79
    • 0023096480 scopus 로고
    • Serum selenium, vitamin antioxidants, and cardiovascular mortality: A 9-year follow-up study in the Netherlands
    • Kok FJ, de Bruijn AM, Vermeeren R et al. Serum selenium, vitamin antioxidants, and cardiovascular mortality: a 9-year follow-up study in the Netherlands. Am J Clin Nutr 1987; 45: 462-8.
    • (1987) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.45 , pp. 462-468
    • Kok, F.J.1    De Bruijn, A.M.2    Vermeeren, R.3
  • 80
    • 0028021957 scopus 로고
    • Serum antioxidants and myocardial infarction: Are low levels of carotenoids and α-tocopherol risk factors for myocardial infarction?
    • Street DA, Comstock GW, Salkeld RM et al. Serum antioxidants and myocardial infarction: Are low levels of carotenoids and α-tocopherol risk factors for myocardial infarction? Am J Clin Nutr 1994; 90: 1154-61.
    • (1994) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.90 , pp. 1154-1161
    • Street, D.A.1    Comstock, G.W.2    Salkeld, R.M.3
  • 81
    • 0010607277 scopus 로고
    • The effect of vitamin E and beta carotene on the incidence of lung cancer and other cancers in male smokers
    • The Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta Carotene Cancer Prevention Study Group. The effect of vitamin E and beta carotene on the incidence of lung cancer and other cancers in male smokers. N Engl J Med 1994; 330: 1029-35.
    • (1994) N Engl J Med , vol.330 , pp. 1029-1035
  • 82
    • 9244262406 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of beta-carotene and vitamin a on lung cancer and cardiovascular disease
    • Omenn GS, Goodman GE, Thornquist MD et al. Effects of beta-carotene and vitamin A on lung cancer and cardiovascular disease. N Engl J Med 1996; 334: 1150-5.
    • (1996) N Engl J Med , vol.334 , pp. 1150-1155
    • Omenn, G.S.1    Goodman, G.E.2    Thornquist, M.D.3
  • 83
    • 0345157579 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lack of effect of long-term supplementation with beta-carotene on the incidence of malignant neoplasms and cardiovascular disease
    • Hennekens CH, Buring JE, Manson JE et al. Lack of effect of long-term supplementation with beta-carotene on the incidence of malignant neoplasms and cardiovascular disease. N Engl J Med 1996; 334: 1145-9.
    • (1996) N Engl J Med , vol.334 , pp. 1145-1149
    • Hennekens, C.H.1    Buring, J.E.2    Manson, J.E.3
  • 85
    • 0028264472 scopus 로고
    • A clinical trial of antioxidant vitamins to prevent colorectal adenoma
    • Greenberg ER, Baron JA, Tosteson TD et al. A clinical trial of antioxidant vitamins to prevent colorectal adenoma. N Engl J Med 1994; 331: 141-7.
    • (1994) N Engl J Med , vol.331 , pp. 141-147
    • Greenberg, E.R.1    Baron, J.A.2    Tosteson, T.D.3
  • 86
    • 0025109174 scopus 로고
    • A clinical trial of beta-carotene to prevent basal-cell and squamous-cell cancers of the skin
    • The skin Cancer Prevention Study Group
    • Greenberg ER, Baron JA, Stukel TA et al. A clinical trial of beta-carotene to prevent basal-cell and squamous-cell cancers of the skin. The skin Cancer Prevention Study Group. N Engl J Med 1990; 323: 789-95.
    • (1990) N Engl J Med , vol.323 , pp. 789-795
    • Greenberg, E.R.1    Baron, J.A.2    Stukel, T.A.3
  • 87
    • 0026576932 scopus 로고
    • Vitamin C intake and mortality among a sample of the United States population
    • Enstrom JE, Kanim LE, Klein MA. Vitamin C intake and mortality among a sample of the United States population. Epidemiology 1992; 3: 194-202.
    • (1992) Epidemiology , vol.3 , pp. 194-202
    • Enstrom, J.E.1    Kanim, L.E.2    Klein, M.A.3
  • 88
    • 0022460458 scopus 로고
    • The relationship between vitamin C intake, general health practices, and mortality in Alameda County, California
    • Enstrom JE, Kanim LE, Breslow L. The relationship between vitamin C intake, general health practices, and mortality in Alameda County, California. Am J Public Health 1986; 76: 1124-30.
    • (1986) Am J Public Health , vol.76 , pp. 1124-1130
    • Enstrom, J.E.1    Kanim, L.E.2    Breslow, L.3
  • 89
    • 0029045975 scopus 로고
    • Vitamin C and risk of death from stroke and coronary heart disease in cohort of elderly people
    • Gale CR, Martyn CN, Winter PD et al. Vitamin C and risk of death from stroke and coronary heart disease in cohort of elderly people. Br Med J 1995; 310: 1563-6.
    • (1995) Br Med J , vol.310 , pp. 1563-1566
    • Gale, C.R.1    Martyn, C.N.2    Winter, P.D.3
  • 90
    • 0023076749 scopus 로고
    • Relationship of plasma level of vitamin C to mortality from ischemic heart disease
    • Gey KF, Stähelin HB, Puska P, Evans A. Relationship of plasma level of vitamin C to mortality from ischemic heart disease. Ann NY Acad Sci 1987; 498: 110-23.
    • (1987) Ann NY Acad Sci , vol.498 , pp. 110-123
    • Gey, K.F.1    Stähelin, H.B.2    Puska, P.3    Evans, A.4
  • 91
    • 0026025851 scopus 로고
    • Inverse correlation between plasma vitamin E and mortality from ischemic heart disease in cross-cultural epidemiology
    • Gey KF, Puska P, Jordan P, Moser UK. Inverse correlation between plasma vitamin E and mortality from ischemic heart disease in cross-cultural epidemiology. Am J Clin Nutr 1991; 53: 326S-34S.
    • (1991) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.53
    • Gey, K.F.1    Puska, P.2    Jordan, P.3    Moser, U.K.4
  • 92
    • 0027275148 scopus 로고
    • Nutrition intervention trials in Linxian, China: Supplementation with specific vitamin/mineral combinations, cancer incidence, and disease-specific mortality in the general population
    • Blot WJ, Li JY, Taylor PR, Guo W, Dawsey S, Wang GQ et al. Nutrition intervention trials in Linxian, China: supplementation with specific vitamin/mineral combinations, cancer incidence, and disease-specific mortality in the general population. J Natl Cancer Inst 1993; 85: 1483-92.
    • (1993) J Natl Cancer Inst , vol.85 , pp. 1483-1492
    • Blot, W.J.1    Li, J.Y.2    Taylor, P.R.3    Guo, W.4    Dawsey, S.5    Wang, G.Q.6
  • 93
    • 0015655668 scopus 로고
    • Relation of vitamin C levels to mortality in a geriatric hospital: A study of the effect of vitamin C administration
    • Wilson TS, Datta SB, Murrel JS et al. Relation of vitamin C levels to mortality in a geriatric hospital: a study of the effect of vitamin C administration. Age Aging 1973; 2: 163-71.
    • (1973) Age Aging , vol.2 , pp. 163-171
    • Wilson, T.S.1    Datta, S.B.2    Murrel, J.S.3
  • 94
    • 0023880278 scopus 로고
    • Relationship of serum selenium and antioxidants to plasma lipoproteins, platelet aggregability and prevalent ischaemic heart disease in Eastern Finnish men
    • Salonen JT, Salonen R, Seppanen K et al. Relationship of serum selenium and antioxidants to plasma lipoproteins, platelet aggregability and prevalent ischaemic heart disease in Eastern Finnish men. Atherosclerosis 1988; 70: 155-60.
    • (1988) Atherosclerosis , vol.70 , pp. 155-160
    • Salonen, J.T.1    Salonen, R.2    Seppanen, K.3
  • 95
    • 0025345565 scopus 로고
    • Plasma antioxidants and coronary heart disease: Vitamins C and E, and selenium
    • Riemersma RA, Oliver M, Elton RA et al. Plasma antioxidants and coronary heart disease: vitamins C and E, and selenium. Eur J Clin Nutr 1990; 44: 143-50.
    • (1990) Eur J Clin Nutr , vol.44 , pp. 143-150
    • Riemersma, R.A.1    Oliver, M.2    Elton, R.A.3
  • 98
    • 0026596202 scopus 로고
    • Vitamin E supplementation, plasma lipids and incidence of restenosis after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA)
    • DeMaio SJ, King SB, Lembo NJ et al. Vitamin E supplementation, plasma lipids and incidence of restenosis after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). J Am Coll Nutr 1992; 11: 68-73.
    • (1992) J Am Coll Nutr , vol.11 , pp. 68-73
    • DeMaio, S.J.1    King, S.B.2    Lembo, N.J.3
  • 99
    • 0029925181 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomised controlled trial of vitamin E in patients with coronary disease: Cambridge Heart Antioxidant Study (CHAOS)
    • Stephens NG, Parsons A, Schofield PM et al. Randomised controlled trial of vitamin E in patients with coronary disease: Cambridge Heart Antioxidant Study (CHAOS). Lancet 1996; 347: 781-6.
    • (1996) Lancet , vol.347 , pp. 781-786
    • Stephens, N.G.1    Parsons, A.2    Schofield, P.M.3
  • 100
    • 0030052161 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Usefulness of antioxidant vitamins in suspected acute myocardial infarction the Indian experiment of infarct survival-3
    • Singh RB, Niaz MA, Rastogi SS, Rastogi S. Usefulness of antioxidant vitamins in suspected acute myocardial infarction the Indian experiment of infarct survival-3). Am J Cardiol 1996; 77: 232-6.
    • (1996) Am J Cardiol , vol.77 , pp. 232-236
    • Singh, R.B.1    Niaz, M.A.2    Rastogi, S.S.3    Rastogi, S.4
  • 101
    • 0009121092 scopus 로고
    • Does consumption of fruit and vegetables protect against stroke?
    • Vollset SE, Bjelke E. Does consumption of fruit and vegetables protect against stroke? (letter) Lancet 1983; 2: 742.
    • (1983) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 742
    • Vollset, S.E.1    Bjelke, E.2
  • 102
    • 0030591112 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sheffield risk and treatment table for cholesterol lowering in prevention of coronary heart disease
    • Marchioli R, Bomba E, Tognoni G. Sheffield risk and treatment table for cholesterol lowering in prevention of coronary heart disease. Lancet 1996; 347: 467-8.
    • (1996) Lancet , vol.347 , pp. 467-468
    • Marchioli, R.1    Bomba, E.2    Tognoni, G.3
  • 103
    • 0027422043 scopus 로고
    • Differences in coronary mortality can be explained by differences in cholesterol and saturated fat intakes in 40 countries but not in France and Finland. A paradox
    • Artaud-Wild SM, Connor SL, Sexton G, Connor WE. Differences in coronary mortality can be explained by differences in cholesterol and saturated fat intakes in 40 countries but not in France and Finland. A paradox. Circulation 1993; 88: 2771-9.
    • (1993) Circulation , vol.88 , pp. 2771-2779
    • Artaud-Wild, S.M.1    Connor, S.L.2    Sexton, G.3    Connor, W.E.4
  • 104
    • 0028925089 scopus 로고
    • Flavonoid intake and long-term risk of coronary heart disease and cancer in the Seven countries Study
    • Hertog MG, Kromhout D, Aravanis C et al. Flavonoid intake and long-term risk of coronary heart disease and cancer in the Seven countries Study. Arch Intern Med 1995; 155: 381-6.
    • (1995) Arch Intern Med , vol.155 , pp. 381-386
    • Hertog, M.G.1    Kromhout, D.2    Aravanis, C.3
  • 105
    • 0027504187 scopus 로고
    • Dietary antioxidant flavonoids and risk of coronary heart disease: The Zutphen Elderly Study
    • Hertog MGL, Feskens EJM, Hollman PCH, Katan MB, Kromhout D. Dietary antioxidant flavonoids and risk of coronary heart disease: the Zutphen Elderly Study. Lancet 1993; 342: 1007-11.
    • (1993) Lancet , vol.342 , pp. 1007-1011
    • Hertog, M.G.L.1    Feskens, E.J.M.2    Hollman, P.C.H.3    Katan, M.B.4    Kromhout, D.5
  • 106
    • 0000088381 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beneficial effects of statins
    • Marchioli R, Tognoni G. Beneficial effects of statins. Lancet 1996; 348: 1542.
    • (1996) Lancet , vol.348 , pp. 1542
    • Marchioli, R.1    Tognoni, G.2
  • 107
    • 0031018731 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dietary lipids and blood cholesterol: Quantitative meta-analysis of metabolic ward studies
    • Clarke R, Frost C, Collins R, Appleby P, Peto R. Dietary lipids and blood cholesterol: quantitative meta-analysis of metabolic ward studies. Br Med J 1997; 314: 112-17.
    • (1997) Br Med J , vol.314 , pp. 112-117
    • Clarke, R.1    Frost, C.2    Collins, R.3    Appleby, P.4    Peto, R.5
  • 108
    • 0007606130 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Systematic review of randomised controlled trials of multiple interventions for preventing coronary heart disease
    • Ebrhaim S, Davey Smith G. Systematic review of randomised controlled trials of multiple interventions for preventing coronary heart disease. Br Med J 1997; 314: 1666-74.
    • (1997) Br Med J , vol.314 , pp. 1666-1674
    • Ebrhaim, S.1    Davey Smith, G.2
  • 109
    • 0032542896 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Systematic review of dietary intervention trials to lower blood total cholesterol in free-living subjects
    • Tang JL, Armitage JM, Lancaster T, Silagy CA, Fowler GH, Neil HAW. Systematic review of dietary intervention trials to lower blood total cholesterol in free-living subjects. Br Med J 1998; 316: 1213-20.
    • (1998) Br Med J , vol.316 , pp. 1213-1220
    • Tang, J.L.1    Armitage, J.M.2    Lancaster, T.3    Silagy, C.A.4    Fowler, G.H.5    Neil, H.A.W.6
  • 110
    • 0030692782 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dietary fat intake and the risk of coronary heart disease in women
    • Hu FB, Stampfer MJ, Manson JE, Rimm E, Colditz GA et al. Dietary fat intake and the risk of coronary heart disease in women. N Engl J Med 1997; 337: 1491-9.
    • (1997) N Engl J Med , vol.337 , pp. 1491-1499
    • Hu, F.B.1    Stampfer, M.J.2    Manson, J.E.3    Rimm, E.4    Colditz, G.A.5
  • 111
    • 0031549576 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Caloric intake and aging
    • Weindruch R, Sohal RS. Caloric intake and aging. N Engl J Med 1997; 337: 987-94.
    • (1997) N Engl J Med , vol.337 , pp. 987-994
    • Weindruch, R.1    Sohal, R.S.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.