메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 20, Issue 1, 1999, Pages 15-27

Role of cytokines in pulmonary antimicrobial host defense

Author keywords

Chemokines; Cytokines; Imnnunotherapy; Infectious immunity; Lung; Pneumonia

Indexed keywords

CYTOKINE;

EID: 0032787624     PISSN: 0257277X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/BF02786504     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (68)

References (115)
  • 2
    • 0021833179 scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology of community-acquired respiratory tract infections in adults. Incidence, etiology, and impact
    • 2 Garibaldi RA: Epidemiology of community-acquired respiratory tract infections in adults. Incidence, etiology, and impact. Am J Med 1985;78:32-37.
    • (1985) Am J Med , vol.78 , pp. 32-37
    • Garibaldi, R.A.1
  • 3
    • 0003441938 scopus 로고
    • Washington DC, U. S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Census
    • 3 Anonymous. Statistical Abstract of the United States. Washington DC, U. S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Census, 1988.
    • (1988) Statistical Abstract of the United States
  • 5
    • 0023446047 scopus 로고
    • Health and economic impacts of antimicrobial resistance
    • 5 Holmberg SD, Solomon SL, Blake PA: Health and economic impacts of antimicrobial resistance. Rev Infect Dis 1987;9:1065-1078.
    • (1987) Rev Infect Dis , vol.9 , pp. 1065-1078
    • Holmberg, S.D.1    Solomon, S.L.2    Blake, P.A.3
  • 6
    • 0001898846 scopus 로고
    • Normal and defective respiratory host defences
    • Pennington, JE (ed): New York, Raven Press
    • 6 Reynolds HY: Normal and defective respiratory host defences; in Pennington, JE (ed): Respiratory Infections - Diagnosis and Management. New York, Raven Press, 1994, pp 1-34.
    • (1994) Respiratory Infections - Diagnosis and Management , pp. 1-34
    • Reynolds, H.Y.1
  • 8
    • 0002283615 scopus 로고
    • Pulmonary clearance of infectious agents
    • Pennington, JE (ed): New York, Raven
    • 8 Toews GB: Pulmonary clearance of infectious agents; in Pennington, JE (ed): Respiratory Infections -Diagnosis and Managment. New York, Raven, 1994, pp 43-53.
    • (1994) Respiratory Infections - Diagnosis and Managment , pp. 43-53
    • Toews, G.B.1
  • 9
    • 0023181249 scopus 로고
    • Tumor necrosis factor and interleukin I: Cytokines with multiple overlapping biological activities
    • 9 Le J, Vilcek J: Tumor necrosis factor and interleukin I: cytokines with multiple overlapping biological activities. Lab Invest 1987;56: 234-248.
    • (1987) Lab Invest , vol.56 , pp. 234-248
    • Le, J.1    Vilcek, J.2
  • 10
    • 0029319901 scopus 로고
    • TNF, immunity and inflammatory disease: Lessons of the past decade
    • 10 Beutler B: TNF, immunity and inflammatory disease: lessons of the past decade. J Invest Med 1995;43:227-235.
    • (1995) J Invest Med , vol.43 , pp. 227-235
    • Beutler, B.1
  • 11
    • 0028898696 scopus 로고
    • Activation of the neutrophil bactericidal activity for nontypable haemophilus influenzae by tumor necrosis factor and lymphotoxin
    • 11 Tan AM, Ferrante A, Goh DH, Roberton DM, Cripps AW: Activation of the neutrophil bactericidal activity for nontypable Haemophilus influenzae by tumor necrosis factor and lymphotoxin. Pediatr Res 1995;37:155-159.
    • (1995) Pediatr Res , vol.37 , pp. 155-159
    • Tan, A.M.1    Ferrante, A.2    Goh, D.H.3    Roberton, D.M.4    Cripps, A.W.5
  • 12
    • 0026700173 scopus 로고
    • Interleukin 10 inhibits macrophage microbicidal activity by blocking the endogenous production of tumor necrosis factor alpha required as a costimulatory factor for interferon gamma-induced activation
    • 12 Oswald IP, Wynn TA, Sher A, James SL: Interleukin 10 inhibits macrophage microbicidal activity by blocking the endogenous production of tumor necrosis factor alpha required as a costimulatory factor for interferon gamma-induced activation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1992;89:8676-8680.
    • (1992) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.89 , pp. 8676-8680
    • Oswald, I.P.1    Wynn, T.A.2    Sher, A.3    James, S.L.4
  • 13
    • 0030588635 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Afferent phase production of TNF-alpha is required for the development of protective T cell immunity to Cryptococcus neoformans
    • 13 Huffnagle GB, Toews GB, Burdick MD, Boyd MB, McAllister KS, McDonald RA, et al.: Afferent phase production of TNF-alpha is required for the development of protective T cell immunity to Cryptococcus neoformans. J Immunol 1996;157:4529-4536.
    • (1996) J Immunol , vol.157 , pp. 4529-4536
    • Huffnagle, G.B.1    Toews, G.B.2    Burdick, M.D.3    Boyd, M.B.4    McAllister, K.S.5    McDonald, R.A.6
  • 15
    • 0031045654 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Passive immunization against tumor necrosis factor-alpha impairs host defense during pneumococcal pneumonia in mice
    • 15 van der Poll T, Keogh CV, Buurman WA, Lowry SF: Passive immunization against tumor necrosis factor-alpha impairs host defense during pneumococcal pneumonia in mice. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1997;155:603-608.
    • (1997) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.155 , pp. 603-608
    • Van Der Poll, T.1    Keogh, C.V.2    Buurman, W.A.3    Lowry, S.F.4
  • 16
    • 0031022234 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of tumor necrosis factor alpha in pathogenesis of pneumococcal pneumonia in mice
    • 16 Takashima K, Tateda K, Matsumoto T, Iizawa Y, Nakao M, Yamaguchi K: Role of tumor necrosis factor alpha in pathogenesis of pneumococcal pneumonia in mice. Infect Immun 1997;65:257-260.
    • (1997) Infect Immun , vol.65 , pp. 257-260
    • Takashima, K.1    Tateda, K.2    Matsumoto, T.3    Iizawa, Y.4    Nakao, M.5    Yamaguchi, K.6
  • 18
    • 0029128123 scopus 로고
    • Role of tumor necrosis factor alpha in innate resistance to mouse pulmonary infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa
    • 18 Gosselin D, DeSanctis J, Boule M, Skamene E, Matouk C, Radzioch D: Role of tumor necrosis factor alpha in innate resistance to mouse pulmonary infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Infect Immun 1995;63:3272-3278.
    • (1995) Infect Immun , vol.63 , pp. 3272-3278
    • Gosselin, D.1    DeSanctis, J.2    Boule, M.3    Skamene, E.4    Matouk, C.5    Radzioch, D.6
  • 19
    • 0029162728 scopus 로고
    • In vivo regulation of replicative Legionella pneumophila lung infection by endogenous tumor necrosis factor alpha and nitric oxide
    • 19 Brieland JK, Remick DG, Freeman PT, Hurley MC, Fantone JC, Engleberg NC: In vivo regulation of replicative Legionella pneumophila lung infection by endogenous tumor necrosis factor alpha and nitric oxide. Infect Immun 1995;63:3253-3258.
    • (1995) Infect Immun , vol.63 , pp. 3253-3258
    • Brieland, J.K.1    Remick, D.G.2    Freeman, P.T.3    Hurley, M.C.4    Fantone, J.C.5    Engleberg, N.C.6
  • 20
    • 0033084013 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of TNF in pulmonary host defense in murine invasive aspergillosis
    • 20 Mehrad B, Strieter RM, Standiford TJ: Role of TNF in pulmonary host defense in murine invasive aspergillosis. J Immunol 1999;162: 1633-1640
    • (1999) J Immunol , vol.162 , pp. 1633-1640
    • Mehrad, B.1    Strieter, R.M.2    Standiford, T.J.3
  • 21
    • 0027583357 scopus 로고
    • Alveolar macrophage release of tumor necrosis factor during murine Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia
    • 21 Kolls JK, Beck JM, Nelson S, Summer WR, Shellito J: Alveolar macrophage release of tumor necrosis factor during murine Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 1993; 8:370-376.
    • (1993) Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol , vol.8 , pp. 370-376
    • Kolls, J.K.1    Beck, J.M.2    Nelson, S.3    Summer, W.R.4    Shellito, J.5
  • 22
    • 0033541515 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intrapulmonary tumor necrosis factor gene therapy increases bacterial clearance and survival in murine gram-negative pneumonia
    • 22 Standiford TJ, Wilkowski JM, Sisson TH, Hattori N, Mehrad B, Bucknell KA, Moore TA: Intrapulmonary tumor necrosis factor gene therapy increases bacterial clearance and survival in murine gram-negative pneumonia. Hum Gene Ther 1999;10:899-909
    • (1999) Hum Gene Ther , vol.10 , pp. 899-909
    • Standiford, T.J.1    Wilkowski, J.M.2    Sisson, T.H.3    Hattori, N.4    Mehrad, B.5    Bucknell, K.A.6    Moore, T.A.7
  • 23
    • 0031839857 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intrapulmonary delivery of tumor necrosis factor agonist peptide augments host defense in murine gram-negative bacterial pneumonia
    • 23 Laichalk LL, Bucknell KA, Huffnagle GB, Wilkowski JM, Moore TA, Romanelli RJ, et al.: Intrapulmonary delivery of tumor necrosis factor agonist peptide augments host defense in murine gram-negative bacterial pneumonia. Infect Immun 1998;66:2822-2826.
    • (1998) Infect Immun , vol.66 , pp. 2822-2826
    • Laichalk, L.L.1    Bucknell, K.A.2    Huffnagle, G.B.3    Wilkowski, J.M.4    Moore, T.A.5    Romanelli, R.J.6
  • 26
    • 0000260092 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chemokines
    • Crystal, RG, West, JB, Weibel, ER, Barnes, PJ (eds): Philadelphia, Lippincott-Raven
    • 26 Strieter RM, Kunkel SL: Chemokines; in Crystal, RG, West, JB, Weibel, ER, Barnes, PJ (eds): The Lung: Scientific Foundations. Philadelphia, Lippincott-Raven, 1996, pp 155-186.
    • (1996) The Lung: Scientific Foundations , pp. 155-186
    • Strieter, R.M.1    Kunkel, S.L.2
  • 28
  • 30
    • 17544365445 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular expression of the alpha-chemokine rabbit GRO in Escherichia coli and characterization of its production by lung cells in vitro and in vivo
    • 30 Johnson MC, 2nd, Kajikawa O, Goodman RB, Wong VA, Mongovin SM, Wong WB, et al.: Molecular expression of the alpha-chemokine rabbit GRO in Escherichia coli and characterization of its production by lung cells in vitro and in vivo. J Biol Chem 1996;271: 10,853-10,858.
    • (1996) J Biol Chem , vol.271 , pp. 10853-10858
    • Johnson M.C. II1    Kajikawa, O.2    Goodman, R.B.3    Wong, V.A.4    Mongovin, S.M.5    Wong, W.B.6
  • 31
    • 0031813752 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of alveolar macrophages in initiation and regulation of inflammation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia
    • 31 Kooguchi K, Hashimoto S, Kobayashi A, Kitamura Y, Kudoh I, Wiener-Kronish J, et al.: Role of alveolar macrophages in initiation and regulation of inflammation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia. Infect Immun 1998;66: 3164-3169.
    • (1998) Infect Immun , vol.66 , pp. 3164-3169
    • Kooguchi, K.1    Hashimoto, S.2    Kobayashi, A.3    Kitamura, Y.4    Kudoh, I.5    Wiener-Kronish, J.6
  • 32
    • 0030022763 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neutralization of macrophage inflammatory protein-2 attenuates neutro-phil recruitment and bacterial clearance in tnurine Klebsiella pneumonia
    • 32 Greenberger MJ, Strieter RM, Kunkel SL, Danforth JM, Laichalk LL, McGillicuddy DC, et al.: Neutralization of macrophage inflammatory protein-2 attenuates neutro-phil recruitment and bacterial clearance in tnurine Klebsiella pneumonia. J Infect Dis 1996;173:159-165.
    • (1996) J Infect Dis , vol.173 , pp. 159-165
    • Greenberger, M.J.1    Strieter, R.M.2    Kunkel, S.L.3    Danforth, J.M.4    Laichalk, L.L.5    McGillicuddy, D.C.6
  • 33
    • 0032169656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lung-specific transgenic expression of KC enhances resistance to Klebsiella pneumoniae in mice
    • 33 Tsai WC, Strieter RM, Wilkowski JM, Bucknell KA, Burdick MD, Lira SA, et al.: Lung-specific transgenic expression of KC enhances resistance to Klebsiella pneumoniae in mice. J Immunol 1998; 161:2435-2440.
    • (1998) J Immunol , vol.161 , pp. 2435-2440
    • Tsai, W.C.1    Strieter, R.M.2    Wilkowski, J.M.3    Bucknell, K.A.4    Burdick, M.D.5    Lira, S.A.6
  • 34
    • 0030913175 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impaired host defense, hematopoiesis, granulomatous inflammation and type I-type 2 cylokine balance in mice lacking CC chemokine receptor I
    • 34 Gao JL, Wynn TA, Chang Y, Lee EJ, Broxmeyer HE, Cooper S, et al.: Impaired host defense, hematopoiesis, granulomatous inflammation and type I-type 2 cylokine balance in mice lacking CC chemokine receptor I. J Exp Med 1997; 185:1959-1968.
    • (1997) J Exp Med , vol.185 , pp. 1959-1968
    • Gao, J.L.1    Wynn, T.A.2    Chang, Y.3    Lee, E.J.4    Broxmeyer, H.E.5    Cooper, S.6
  • 35
    • 0028788695 scopus 로고
    • The role of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) in the recruitment of monocytes and CD4+ T cells during a pulmonary Cryptococcus neoformans infection
    • 35 Huffhagle GB, Strieter RM, Standiford TJ, McDonald RA, Burdick MD, et al.: The role of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) in the recruitment of monocytes and CD4+ T cells during a pulmonary Cryptococcus neoformans infection. J Immunol 1995;155:4790-4797.
    • (1995) J Immunol , vol.155 , pp. 4790-4797
    • Huffhagle, G.B.1    Strieter, R.M.2    Standiford, T.J.3    McDonald, R.A.4    Burdick, M.D.5
  • 36
    • 0031184059 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha (MIP-1alpha) is required for the efferent phase of pulmonary cell-mediated immunity to a Cryptococcus neoformans infection
    • 36 Huffnagle GB, Strieter RM, McNeil LK, McDonald RA, Burdick MD, Kunkel SL, et al.: Macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha (MIP-1alpha) is required for the efferent phase of pulmonary cell-mediated immunity to a Cryptococcus neoformans infection. J Immunol 1997; 159:318-327.
    • (1997) J Immunol , vol.159 , pp. 318-327
    • Huffnagle, G.B.1    Strieter, R.M.2    McNeil, L.K.3    McDonald, R.A.4    Burdick, M.D.5    Kunkel, S.L.6
  • 37
    • 0022640843 scopus 로고
    • Two types of murine helper T cell clone. I. Definition according to profiles of lymphokine activities and secreted proteins
    • 37 Mosmann TR, Cherwinski H, Bond MW, Giedlin MA, Coffman RL: Two types of murine helper T cell clone. I. Definition according to profiles of lymphokine activities and secreted proteins. J Immunol 1986;136:2348-2357.
    • (1986) J Immunol , vol.136 , pp. 2348-2357
    • Mosmann, T.R.1    Cherwinski, H.2    Bond, M.W.3    Giedlin, M.A.4    Coffman, R.L.5
  • 38
    • 0028978680 scopus 로고
    • Biology of human TH1 and TH2 cells
    • 38 Romagnani S: Biology of human TH1 and TH2 cells. J Clin Immunol 1995;15:121-129.
    • (1995) J Clin Immunol , vol.15 , pp. 121-129
    • Romagnani, S.1
  • 39
    • 0030746897 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Th1-Th2: Reliable paradigm or dangerous dogma?
    • 39 Allen JE, Maizels RM: Th1-Th2: reliable paradigm or dangerous dogma? Immunol Today 1997;18: 387-392.
    • (1997) Immunol Today , vol.18 , pp. 387-392
    • Allen, J.E.1    Maizels, R.M.2
  • 40
    • 0029994319 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interferon-gamma: Biology and role in pathogenesis
    • 40 Billiau A: Interferon-gamma: biology and role in pathogenesis. Adv Immunol 1996;62:61-130.
    • (1996) Adv Immunol , vol.62 , pp. 61-130
    • Billiau, A.1
  • 43
    • 0026090433 scopus 로고
    • A controlled trial of interferon gamma to prevent infection in chronic granulomatous disease
    • 43 The International Chronic Granulomatous Disease Cooperative Study Group. A controlled trial of interferon gamma to prevent infection in chronic granulomatous disease. N Engl J Med 1991;324: 509-516.
    • (1991) N Engl J Med , vol.324 , pp. 509-516
  • 44
    • 0027373112 scopus 로고
    • Recombinant cytokines and pulmonary host defense
    • 44 Kolls JK, Nelson S, Summer WR: Recombinant cytokines and pulmonary host defense. Am J Med Sci 1993;306:330-335.
    • (1993) Am J Med Sci , vol.306 , pp. 330-335
    • Kolls, J.K.1    Nelson, S.2    Summer, W.R.3
  • 45
    • 0027967447 scopus 로고
    • Protective role of interferon gamma, tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-6 in Mycobacterium tuberculosis and M. avium infections
    • 45 Appelberg R: Protective role of interferon gamma, tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-6 in Mycobacterium tuberculosis and M. avium infections. Immunobiology 1994;191:520-525.
    • (1994) Immunobiology , vol.191 , pp. 520-525
    • Appelberg, R.1
  • 46
    • 0029337253 scopus 로고
    • A role for gamma interferon-induced nitric oxide in pulmonary clearance of Cryptococcus neoformans
    • 46 Lovchik JA, Lyons CR, Lipscomb MF: A role for gamma interferon-induced nitric oxide in pulmonary clearance of Cryptococcus neoformans. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 1995;13:116-124.
    • (1995) Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol , vol.13 , pp. 116-124
    • Lovchik, J.A.1    Lyons, C.R.2    Lipscomb, M.F.3
  • 47
    • 0029392673 scopus 로고
    • Early cytokine production in pulmonary Cryptococcus neoformans infections distinguishes susceptible and resistant mice
    • 47 Hoag KA, Street NE, Huffnagle GB, Lipscomb MF: Early cytokine production in pulmonary Cryptococcus neoformans infections distinguishes susceptible and resistant mice. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 1995;13:487-495.
    • (1995) Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol , vol.13 , pp. 487-495
    • Hoag, K.A.1    Street, N.E.2    Huffnagle, G.B.3    Lipscomb, M.F.4
  • 48
    • 0031025286 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of gamma interferon in the host immune and inflammatory responses to Pneumocystis carinii infection
    • 48 Garvy BA, Ezekowitz RA, Harmsen AG: Role of gamma interferon in the host immune and inflammatory responses to Pneumocystis carinii infection. Infect Immun 1997;65:373-379.
    • (1997) Infect Immun , vol.65 , pp. 373-379
    • Garvy, B.A.1    Ezekowitz, R.A.2    Harmsen, A.G.3
  • 49
    • 0026072156 scopus 로고
    • Reduction in intensity of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in mice by aerosol administration of gamma interferon
    • 49 Beck JM, Liggitt HD, Brunette EN, Fuchs HJ, Shellito JE, Debs RJ: Reduction in intensity of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in mice by aerosol administration of gamma interferon. Infect Immun 1991;59:3859-3862.
    • (1991) Infect Immun , vol.59 , pp. 3859-3862
    • Beck, J.M.1    Liggitt, H.D.2    Brunette, E.N.3    Fuchs, H.J.4    Shellito, J.E.5    Debs, R.J.6
  • 50
    • 0028178096 scopus 로고
    • Intratracheal interferon-gamma augments pulmonary defenses in experimental legionellosis
    • 50 Skerrett SJ, Martin TR: Intratracheal interferon-gamma augments pulmonary defenses in experimental legionellosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1994;149:50-58.
    • (1994) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.149 , pp. 50-58
    • Skerrett, S.J.1    Martin, T.R.2
  • 52
    • 0031798840 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ethanol feeding impairs innate immunity and alters the expression of Th1-and Th2-phenotype cytokines in murine Klebsiella pneumonia
    • 52 Zisman DA, Strieter RM, Kunkel SL, Tsai WC, Wilkowski JM, Bucknell KA, et al.: Ethanol feeding impairs innate immunity and alters the expression of Th1-and Th2-phenotype cytokines in murine Klebsiella pneumonia. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1998;22: 621-627.
    • (1998) Alcohol Clin Exp Res , vol.22 , pp. 621-627
    • Zisman, D.A.1    Strieter, R.M.2    Kunkel, S.L.3    Tsai, W.C.4    Wilkowski, J.M.5    Bucknell, K.A.6
  • 54
    • 0030978084 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of gamma interferon in the pathogenesis of bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia
    • 54 Rubins JB, Pomeroy C: Role of gamma interferon in the pathogenesis of bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia. Infect Immun 1997;65:2975-2977.
    • (1997) Infect Immun , vol.65 , pp. 2975-2977
    • Rubins, J.B.1    Pomeroy, C.2
  • 55
    • 0030059428 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) treatment decreases the inflammatory response in chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia in rats
    • 55 Johansen HK, Hougen HP, Rygaard J, Hoiby N: Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) treatment decreases the inflammatory response in chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia in rats. Clin Exp Immunol 1996;103:212-218.
    • (1996) Clin Exp Immunol , vol.103 , pp. 212-218
    • Johansen, H.K.1    Hougen, H.P.2    Rygaard, J.3    Hoiby, N.4
  • 56
    • 0030978869 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pulmonary cytokine gene therapy. Adenoviral-mediated murine interferon gene transfer compartmentally activates alveolar macrophages and enhances bacterial clearance
    • 56 Kolls JK, Lei D, Nelson S, Summer WR, Shellito JE: Pulmonary cytokine gene therapy. Adenoviral-mediated murine interferon gene transfer compartmentally activates alveolar macrophages and enhances bacterial clearance. Chest 1997;111:104S.
    • (1997) Chest , vol.111
    • Kolls, J.K.1    Lei, D.2    Nelson, S.3    Summer, W.R.4    Shellito, J.E.5
  • 57
    • 0031951935 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adenoviral-mediated interferon-gamma gene therapy augments pulmonary host defense of ethanol-treated rats
    • 57 Kolls JR, Lei D, Stoltz D, Zhang P, Schwarzenberger PO, Ye P, et al.: Adenoviral-mediated interferon-gamma gene therapy augments pulmonary host defense of ethanol-treated rats. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1998;22:157-162.
    • (1998) Alcohol Clin Exp Res , vol.22 , pp. 157-162
    • Kolls, J.R.1    Lei, D.2    Stoltz, D.3    Zhang, P.4    Schwarzenberger, P.O.5    Ye, P.6
  • 58
    • 0029973242 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunoregulation by interleukin-12
    • 58 Trinchieri G, Gerosa F: Immunoregulation by interleukin-12. J Leukoc Biol 1996;59:505-511.
    • (1996) J Leukoc Biol , vol.59 , pp. 505-511
    • Trinchieri, G.1    Gerosa, F.2
  • 59
    • 0027264849 scopus 로고
    • Interleukin 12 is required for the T-lymphocyte-independent induction of interferon gamma by an intracellular parasite and induces resistance in T cell-deficient hosts
    • 59 Gazzinelli RT, Hieny S, Wynn TA, Wolf S, Sher A: Interleukin 12 is required for the T-lymphocyte-independent induction of interferon gamma by an intracellular parasite and induces resistance in T cell-deficient hosts [see comments]. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1993;90:6115-6119.
    • (1993) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.90 , pp. 6115-6119
    • Gazzinelli, R.T.1    Hieny, S.2    Wynn, T.A.3    Wolf, S.4    Sher, A.5
  • 61
    • 0029078676 scopus 로고
    • IL-12 increases resistance of BALB/ c mice to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection
    • 61 Flynn JL, Goldstein MM, Triebold KJ, Sypek J, Wolf S, Bloom BR: IL-12 increases resistance of BALB/ c mice to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. J Immunol 1995; 155:2515-2524.
    • (1995) J Immunol , vol.155 , pp. 2515-2524
    • Flynn, J.L.1    Goldstein, M.M.2    Triebold, K.J.3    Sypek, J.4    Wolf, S.5    Bloom, B.R.6
  • 62
    • 0029045806 scopus 로고
    • IL-12-induced protection against blood-stage Plasmodium chabaudi AS requires IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha and occurs via a nitric oxide-dependent mechanism
    • 62 Stevenson MM, Tam MF, Wolf SF, Sher A: IL-12-induced protection against blood-stage Plasmodium chabaudi AS requires IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha and occurs via a nitric oxide-dependent mechanism. J Immunol 1995; 155:2545-2556.
    • (1995) J Immunol , vol.155 , pp. 2545-2556
    • Stevenson, M.M.1    Tam, M.F.2    Wolf, S.F.3    Sher, A.4
  • 63
    • 0028068010 scopus 로고
    • Recombinant interleukin-12 enhances resistance of mice to Listeria monocytogenes infection
    • 63 Wagner RD, Steinberg H, Brown JF, Czuprynski CJ: Recombinant interleukin-12 enhances resistance of mice to Listeria monocytogenes infection. Microb Pathog 1994;17:175-186.
    • (1994) Microb Pathog , vol.17 , pp. 175-186
    • Wagner, R.D.1    Steinberg, H.2    Brown, J.F.3    Czuprynski, C.J.4
  • 65
    • 0029079391 scopus 로고
    • IL-12 prevents mortality in mice infected with Histoplasma capsulatum through induction of IFN-gamma
    • 65 Zhou P, Sieve MC, Bennett J, Kwon-Chung KJ, Tewari RP, Gazzinelli RT, et al.: IL-12 prevents mortality in mice infected with Histoplasma capsulatum through induction of IFN-gamma. J Immunol 1995;155:785-795.
    • (1995) J Immunol , vol.155 , pp. 785-795
    • Zhou, P.1    Sieve, M.C.2    Bennett, J.3    Kwon-Chung, K.J.4    Tewari, R.P.5    Gazzinelli, R.T.6
  • 66
    • 0029981459 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IL-12 protects mice against pulmonary and disseminated infection caused by Cryptococrus neuformans
    • 66 Kawakami K, Tohyama M, Xie Q, Saito A: IL-12 protects mice against pulmonary and disseminated infection caused by Cryptococrus neuformans. Clin Exp Immunol 1996;104:208-214.
    • (1996) Clin Exp Immunol , vol.104 , pp. 208-214
    • Kawakami, K.1    Tohyama, M.2    Xie, Q.3    Saito, A.4
  • 69
    • 0026530464 scopus 로고
    • IL-10, T lymphocyte inhibitor of human blood cell production of IL-1 and tumor necrosis factor
    • 69 Ralph P, Nakoinz I, Sampson-Johannes A, Fong S, Lowe D, et al.: IL-10, T lymphocyte inhibitor of human blood cell production of IL-1 and tumor necrosis factor. J Immunol 1992;148:808-814.
    • (1992) J Immunol , vol.148 , pp. 808-814
    • Ralph, P.1    Nakoinz, I.2    Sampson-Johannes, A.3    Fong, S.4    Lowe, D.5
  • 70
    • 0027517422 scopus 로고
    • Interleukin 10 (1L-10) inhibits the release of proinflammatory cytokines from human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Evidence for an autocrine role of tumor necrosis factor and IL-1 beta in mediating the production of IL-8 triggered by lipopolysaccharide
    • 70 Cassatella MA, Meda L, Bonora S, Ceska M, Constantin G: Interleukin 10 (1L-10) inhibits the release of proinflammatory cytokines from human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Evidence for an autocrine role of tumor necrosis factor and IL-1 beta in mediating the production of IL-8 triggered by lipopolysaccharide. J Exp Med 1993;178:2207-2211.
    • (1993) J Exp Med , vol.178 , pp. 2207-2211
    • Cassatella, M.A.1    Meda, L.2    Bonora, S.3    Ceska, M.4    Constantin, G.5
  • 72
    • 0028845021 scopus 로고
    • Immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory properties of interleukin 10
    • 72 de Vries JE: Immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory properties of interleukin 10. Ann Med 1995; 27:537-541.
    • (1995) Ann Med , vol.27 , pp. 537-541
    • De Vries, J.E.1
  • 73
    • 0027408695 scopus 로고
    • Interleukin 10 protects mice from lethal endotoxemia
    • 73 Howard M, Muchamuel T, Andrade S, Menon S: Interleukin 10 protects mice from lethal endotoxemia. J Exp Med 1993;177: 1205-1208.
    • (1993) J Exp Med , vol.177 , pp. 1205-1208
    • Howard, M.1    Muchamuel, T.2    Andrade, S.3    Menon, S.4
  • 74
    • 0029164732 scopus 로고
    • Neutralization of IL-10 increases lethality in endotoxemia. Cooperative effects of macrophage inflammatory protein-2 and tumor necrosis factor
    • 74 Standiford TJ, Strieter KM, Lukacs NW, Kunkel SL: Neutralization of IL-10 increases lethality in endotoxemia. Cooperative effects of macrophage inflammatory protein-2 and tumor necrosis factor. J Immunol 1995;155:2222-2229.
    • (1995) J Immunol , vol.155 , pp. 2222-2229
    • Standiford, T.J.1    Strieter, K.M.2    Lukacs, N.W.3    Kunkel, S.L.4
  • 75
    • 0029948263 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IL-10 enhances resolution of pulmonary inflammation in vivo by promoting apoptosis of neutrophils
    • 75 Cox G: IL-10 enhances resolution of pulmonary inflammation in vivo by promoting apoptosis of neutrophils. Am J Physiol 1996; 271:L566-571.
    • (1996) Am J Physiol , vol.271
    • Cox, G.1
  • 76
    • 0027508426 scopus 로고
    • Protective effects of IL-4 and IL-10 against immune complex-induced lung injury
    • 76 Mulligan MS, Jones ML, Vaporciyan AA, Howard MC, Ward PA: Protective effects of IL-4 and IL-10 against immune complex-induced lung injury. J Immunol 1993;151:5666-5674.
    • (1993) J Immunol , vol.151 , pp. 5666-5674
    • Mulligan, M.S.1    Jones, M.L.2    Vaporciyan, A.A.3    Howard, M.C.4    Ward, P.A.5
  • 79
    • 0029882385 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Purified capsular polysaccharide of Cryptococcus neoformans induces interleukin-10 secretion by human monocytes
    • 79 Vecchiarelli A, Retini C, Monari C, Tascini C, Bistoni F, Kozel TR: Purified capsular polysaccharide of Cryptococcus neoformans induces interleukin-10 secretion by human monocytes. Infect Immun 1996; 64:2846-2849.
    • (1996) Infect Immun , vol.64 , pp. 2846-2849
    • Vecchiarelli, A.1    Retini, C.2    Monari, C.3    Tascini, C.4    Bistoni, F.5    Kozel, T.R.6
  • 80
    • 0029976591 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetically determined differences in IL-10 and IFN-gamma responses correlate with clearance of Chlamydia trachomatis mouse pneumonitis infection
    • 80 Yang X, HayGlass KT, Brunham RC: Genetically determined differences in IL-10 and IFN-gamma responses correlate with clearance of Chlamydia trachomatis mouse pneumonitis infection. J Immunol 1996;156:4338-4344.
    • (1996) J Immunol , vol.156 , pp. 4338-4344
    • Yang, X.1    HayGlass, K.T.2    Brunham, R.C.3
  • 81
    • 0027193999 scopus 로고
    • Infection with Mycobacterium avium induces production of interleukin-10 (IL-10), and administration of anti-IL-10 antibody is associated with enhanced resistance to infection in mice
    • 81 Bermudez LE, Champsi J: Infection with Mycobacterium avium induces production of interleukin-10 (IL-10), and administration of anti-IL-10 antibody is associated with enhanced resistance to infection in mice. Infect Immun 1993; 61:3093-3097.
    • (1993) Infect Immun , vol.61 , pp. 3093-3097
    • Bermudez, L.E.1    Champsi, J.2
  • 84
    • 0029789684 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of cytokines in T cell immunity to a pulmonary Cryptococcus neoformans infection
    • 84 Huffnagle GB: Role of cytokines in T cell immunity to a pulmonary Cryptococcus neoformans infection. Biol Signals 1996;5:215-222.
    • (1996) Biol Signals , vol.5 , pp. 215-222
    • Huffnagle, G.B.1
  • 85
    • 0032032243 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IL-5 is required for eosinophil recruitment, crystal deposition, and mononuclear cell recruitment during a pulmonary Cryptococcus neoformans infection in genetically susceptible mice (C57BL/6)
    • 85 Huffnagle GB, Boyd MB, Street NE, Lipscomb MF: IL-5 is required for eosinophil recruitment, crystal deposition, and mononuclear cell recruitment during a pulmonary Cryptococcus neoformans infection in genetically susceptible mice (C57BL/6). J Immunol 1998;160: 2393-2400.
    • (1998) J Immunol , vol.160 , pp. 2393-2400
    • Huffnagle, G.B.1    Boyd, M.B.2    Street, N.E.3    Lipscomb, M.F.4
  • 86
    • 0029099068 scopus 로고
    • Cytokine modulation alters pulmonary clearance of Rhodococcus equi and development of granulomatous pneumonia
    • 86 Kanaly ST, Hines SA, Palmer GH: Cytokine modulation alters pulmonary clearance of Rhodococcus equi and development of granulomatous pneumonia. Infect Immun 1995;63:3037-3041.
    • (1995) Infect Immun , vol.63 , pp. 3037-3041
    • Kanaly, S.T.1    Hines, S.A.2    Palmer, G.H.3
  • 89
    • 0027421831 scopus 로고
    • Interleukin-6 in biology and medicine
    • 89 Akira S, Taga T, Kishimoto T: Interleukin-6 in biology and medicine. Adv Immunol 1993;54:1-78.
    • (1993) Adv Immunol , vol.54 , pp. 1-78
    • Akira, S.1    Taga, T.2    Kishimoto, T.3
  • 90
    • 0028328436 scopus 로고
    • Impaired immune and acute-phase responses in interleukin-6-deficient mice
    • 90 Kopf M, Baumann H, Freer G, Freudenherg M, Lamers M, Kishimoto T, et al.: Impaired immune and acute-phase responses in interleukin-6-deficient mice. Nature 1994;368:339-342.
    • (1994) Nature , vol.368 , pp. 339-342
    • Kopf, M.1    Baumann, H.2    Freer, G.3    Freudenherg, M.4    Lamers, M.5    Kishimoto, T.6
  • 93
    • 0030615321 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IL-1 beta and IL-6 in community-acquired pneumonia: Bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia versus Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia
    • 93 Lieberman D, Livnat S, Schlaeffer F, Porath A, Horowitz S, Levy R: IL-1 beta and IL-6 in community-acquired pneumonia: bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia versus Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia. Infection 1997;25:90-94.
    • (1997) Infection , vol.25 , pp. 90-94
    • Lieberman, D.1    Livnat, S.2    Schlaeffer, F.3    Porath, A.4    Horowitz, S.5    Levy, R.6
  • 94
    • 0028153623 scopus 로고
    • Interleukin-6: A sensitive parameter for the early diagnosis of neonatal bacterial injection
    • 94 Buck C, Bundschu J, Gallati H, Bartmann P, Pohlandt F: Interleukin-6: a sensitive parameter for the early diagnosis of neonatal bacterial injection. Pediatrics 1994; 93:54-58.
    • (1994) Pediatrics , vol.93 , pp. 54-58
    • Buck, C.1    Bundschu, J.2    Gallati, H.3    Bartmann, P.4    Pohlandt, F.5
  • 95
    • 0032541855 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist and interleukin-6 for early diagnosis of neonatal sepsis 2 days before clinical manifestation
    • 95 Kuster H, Weiss M, Willeitner AE, Detlefsen S, Jeremias I, Zbojan J, et al.: Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist and interleukin-6 for early diagnosis of neonatal sepsis 2 days before clinical manifestation [in process citation]. Lancet 1998; 352:1271-1277.
    • (1998) Lancet , vol.352 , pp. 1271-1277
    • Kuster, H.1    Weiss, M.2    Willeitner, A.E.3    Detlefsen, S.4    Jeremias, I.5    Zbojan, J.6
  • 96
    • 0032518415 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IL-6 is an antiinflammatory cytokine required for controlling local or systemic acute inflammatory responses
    • 96 Xing Z, Gauldie J, Cox G, Baumann H, Jordana M, Lei XF, Achong MK: IL-6 is an antiinflammatory cytokine required for controlling local or systemic acute inflammatory responses. J Clin Invest 1998; 101:311-320.
    • (1998) J Clin Invest , vol.101 , pp. 311-320
    • Xing, Z.1    Gauldie, J.2    Cox, G.3    Baumann, H.4    Jordana, M.5    Lei, X.F.6    Achong, M.K.7
  • 97
    • 0029007193 scopus 로고
    • Interleukin-6-deficient mice are highly susceptible 10 Listeria monocytogenes infection: Correlation with inefficient neutrophilia
    • 97 Dalrymple SA, Lucian LA, Slattery R, McNeil T, Aud DM, Fuchino S, et al.: Interleukin-6-deficient mice are highly susceptible 10 Listeria monocytogenes infection: correlation with inefficient neutrophilia. Infect Immun 1995; 63:2262-2268.
    • (1995) Infect Immun , vol.63 , pp. 2262-2268
    • Dalrymple, S.A.1    Lucian, L.A.2    Slattery, R.3    McNeil, T.4    Aud, D.M.5    Fuchino, S.6
  • 98
    • 0030036870 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interleukin-6 is required for a protective immune response to systemic Escherichia coli infection
    • 9H Dalrymple SA, Slattery R, Aud DM, Krishna M, Lucian LA, Murray R: Interleukin-6 is required for a protective immune response to systemic Escherichia coli infection. Infect Immun 1996;64:3231-3235.
    • (1996) Infect Immun , vol.64 , pp. 3231-3235
    • Dalrymple, S.A.1    Slattery, R.2    Aud, D.M.3    Krishna, M.4    Lucian, L.A.5    Murray, R.6
  • 99
  • 100
    • 0028047546 scopus 로고
    • Role of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in the immune response to acute bacterial infection in the nonneutropenic host: An overview
    • 100 Nelson S: Role of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in the immune response to acute bacterial infection in the nonneutropenic host: an overview. Clin Infect Dis 1994; 18 Suppl 2:S197-204.
    • (1994) Clin Infect Dis , vol.18 , Issue.SUPPL. 2
    • Nelson, S.1
  • 101
    • 0027944007 scopus 로고
    • Serum levels of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) in bacterial and viral infections, and in atypical pneumonia
    • 101 Pauksen K, Elfman L, Ulfgren AK, Venge P: Serum levels of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) in bacterial and viral infections, and in atypical pneumonia. Br J Haematol 1994; 88:256-260.
    • (1994) Br J Haematol , vol.88 , pp. 256-260
    • Pauksen, K.1    Elfman, L.2    Ulfgren, A.K.3    Venge, P.4
  • 102
    • 0026111402 scopus 로고
    • Spontaneous release of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) by alveolar macrophages in the course of bacterial pneumonia and sarcoidosis: Endotoxin-dcpendent and endotoxin-independent G-CSF release by cells recovered by bronchoalveolarlavage
    • 102 Tazi A, Nioche S, Chastre J, Smiejan JM, Hance AJ: Spontaneous release of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) by alveolar macrophages in the course of bacterial pneumonia and sarcoidosis: endotoxin-dcpendent and endotoxin-independent G-CSF release by cells recovered by bronchoalveolarlavage. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 1991;4:140-147.
    • (1991) Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol , vol.4 , pp. 140-147
    • Tazi, A.1    Nioche, S.2    Chastre, J.3    Smiejan, J.M.4    Hance, A.J.5
  • 103
    • 0025325002 scopus 로고
    • Recombinant granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor activates human macrophages to inhibit growth or kill Mycobacterium avium complex
    • 103 Bermudez LE, Young LS: Recombinant granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor activates human macrophages to inhibit growth or kill Mycobacterium avium complex. J Leukoc Biol 1990;48:67-73.
    • (1990) J Leukoc Biol , vol.48 , pp. 67-73
    • Bermudez, L.E.1    Young, L.S.2
  • 104
    • 0025781253 scopus 로고
    • Production of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) by monocytes and large granular lymphocytes stimulated with Mycobacterium avium-M. intracellulare: Activation of bactericidal activity by GM-CSF
    • 104 Blanchard DK, Michelini-Norris MB, Pearson CA, McMillen S, Djeu JY: Production of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) by monocytes and large granular lymphocytes stimulated with Mycobacterium avium-M. intracellulare: activation of bactericidal activity by GM-CSF. Infect Immun 1991;59:2396-2402.
    • (1991) Infect Immun , vol.59 , pp. 2396-2402
    • Blanchard, D.K.1    Michelini-Norris, M.B.2    Pearson, C.A.3    McMillen, S.4    Djeu, J.Y.5
  • 105
    • 0025864926 scopus 로고
    • Tumor necrosis factor and granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor stimulate human macrophages to restrict growth of virulent Mycobacterium avium and to kill avirulent M. avium: Killing effector mechanism depends on the generation of reactive nitrogen intermediates
    • 105 Denis M: Tumor necrosis factor and granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor stimulate human macrophages to restrict growth of virulent Mycobacterium avium and to kill avirulent M, avium: killing effector mechanism depends on the generation of reactive nitrogen intermediates. J Leukoc Biol 1991; 49:380-387.
    • (1991) J Leukoc Biol , vol.49 , pp. 380-387
    • Denis, M.1
  • 106
    • 0028196905 scopus 로고
    • Effect of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor on rat alveolar macrophage anticryptococcal activity in vitro
    • 106 Chen GH, Curtis JL, Mody CH, Christensen PJ, Armstrong LR, Toews GB: Effect of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor on rat alveolar macrophage anticryptococcal activity in vitro. J Immunol 1994;152:724-734.
    • (1994) J Immunol , vol.152 , pp. 724-734
    • Chen, G.H.1    Curtis, J.L.2    Mody, C.H.3    Christensen, P.J.4    Armstrong, L.R.5    Toews, G.B.6
  • 107
    • 0026075251 scopus 로고
    • Activation of human peripheral blood mononuclcar cells by interleukin-2 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor to inhibit Cryptococcus neoformans
    • 107 Levitz SM: Activation of human peripheral blood mononuclcar cells by interleukin-2 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor to inhibit Cryptococcus neoformans. Infect Immun 1991;59: 3393-3397.
    • (1991) Infect Immun , vol.59 , pp. 3393-3397
    • Levitz, S.M.1
  • 108
    • 0029957965 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) enhances pulmonary defenses against pneumococcal infections after splenectomy
    • 108 Hebert JC, O'Reilly M: Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) enhances pulmonary defenses against pneumococcal infections after splenectomy. J Trauma 1996;41:663-666.
    • (1996) J Trauma , vol.41 , pp. 663-666
    • Hebert, J.C.1    O'Reilly, M.2
  • 110
    • 0027258101 scopus 로고
    • Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor protects control rats but not ethanol-fed rats from fatal pneumococcal pneumonia
    • 110 Lister PD, Gentry MJ, Preheim LC: Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor protects control rats but not ethanol-fed rats from fatal pneumococcal pneumonia. J Infect Dis 1993;168:922-926.
    • (1993) J Infect Dis , vol.168 , pp. 922-926
    • Lister, P.D.1    Gentry, M.J.2    Preheim, L.C.3
  • 111
    • 0030054812 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in cirrhotic rats with pneumococcal pneumonia
    • 111 Preheim LC, Snitily MU, Gentry MJ: Effects of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in cirrhotic rats with pneumococcal pneumonia. J Infect Dis 1996; 174:225-228.
    • (1996) J Infect Dis , vol.174 , pp. 225-228
    • Preheim, L.C.1    Snitily, M.U.2    Gentry, M.J.3
  • 112
    • 0025983150 scopus 로고
    • Granulocyte colony-slimulating factor enhances pulmonary host defenses in normal and ethanol-treated rats
    • 112 Nelson S, Summer W, Bagby G, Nakamura C, Stewart L, Lipscomb G, et al.: Granulocyte colony-slimulating factor enhances pulmonary host defenses in normal and ethanol-treated rats. J Infect Dis 1991; 164:901-906.
    • (1991) J Infect Dis , vol.164 , pp. 901-906
    • Nelson, S.1    Summer, W.2    Bagby, G.3    Nakamura, C.4    Stewart, L.5    Lipscomb, G.6
  • 113
    • 0029084808 scopus 로고
    • Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor versus placebo in addition to penicillin G in a randomized blinded study of gram-negative pneumonia sepsis: Analysis of survival and multisystem organ failure
    • 113 Smith WS, Sumnicht GE, Sharpe RW, Samuelson D, Millard FE: Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor versus placebo in addition to penicillin G in a randomized blinded study of gram-negative pneumonia sepsis: analysis of survival and multisystem organ failure. Blood 1995;86:1301-1309.
    • (1995) Blood , vol.86 , pp. 1301-1309
    • Smith, W.S.1    Sumnicht, G.E.2    Sharpe, R.W.3    Samuelson, D.4    Millard, F.E.5
  • 115
    • 17344363557 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized controlled trial of filgrastim as an adjunct 10 antibiotics for treatment of hospitalized patients with community-acquired pneumonia
    • CAP Study Group
    • 115 Nelson S, Belknap SM, Carlson RW, Dale D, DeBoisblanc B, Farkas S, et al.: A randomized controlled trial of filgrastim as an adjunct 10 antibiotics for treatment of hospitalized patients with community-acquired pneumonia. CAP Study Group. J Infect Dis 1998; 178:1075-1080.
    • (1998) J Infect Dis , vol.178 , pp. 1075-1080
    • Nelson, S.1    Belknap, S.M.2    Carlson, R.W.3    Dale, D.4    DeBoisblanc, B.5    Farkas, S.6


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.