The systemic inflammatory response in the development of ventilator-associated pneumonia

American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine

Volumn 156, Issue 4 PART I, 1997, Pages 1105-1113

  Bonten, Marc J M ^a   Froon, Albert H M ^a   Gaillard, Carlo A ^a,b   Greve, Jan Willem M ^a   De Leeuw, Peter W ^a   Drent, Marjolein ^a   Stobberingh, Ellen E ^a   Buurman, Wim A ^a  

^a MAASTRICHT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (Netherlands)

^b EEMLAND HOSPITAL   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

INTERLEUKIN 6; INTERLEUKIN 8;

ARTICLE; ASSISTED VENTILATION; BACTERIAL PNEUMONIA; BRONCHOSCOPY; DISEASE SEVERITY; HOSPITAL INFECTION; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SEPTIC SHOCK;

EID: 0030798520     PISSN: 1073449X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1164/ajrccm.156.4.9610002     Document Type: Article

References (20)

1. Emori, T. G., and R. P. Gaynes. 1993. An overview of nosocomial infections, including the role of the microbiology laboratory. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 6:428-442.
2. Johanson, W. G., A. K. Pierce, J. P. Sanford, and G. D. Thomas. 1972. Nosocomial respiratory infections with gram-negative bacilli: the significant of colonization of the respiratory tract. Am. Intern. Med. 77:701-706.
3. Bonten, M. J. M., C. A. Gaillard, F. H. van Tiel, H. G. W. Smeets, S. van der Geest, and E. E. Stobberingh. 1994. The stomach is not a source for colonization of the upper respiratory tract and pneumonia in ICU patients. Chest 105:878-884.
4. Bonten, M. J. M., D. C. J. J. Bergmans, A. W. Ambergen, P. W. de Leeuw, S. van der Geest, E. E. Stobberingh, and C. A. Gaillard. 1996. Risk factors for pneumonia, and colonization of respiratory tract and stomach in mechanically ventilated ICU patients. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 154:1339-1346.
5. Casey, L. C., R. A. Balk, and R. C. Bone. 1993. Plasma cytokine and endotoxin levels correlate with survival in patients with the sepsis syndrome. Ann. Intern. Med. 119:771-778.
6. Meduri, G. U., S. Headley, G. Kohler, F. Stentz, E. Tolley, R. Umberger, and K. Leeper. 1995. Persistent elevation of inflammatory cytokines predicts a poor outcome in ARDS. Chest 107:1062-1073.
7. Hack, C. E., E. R. de Groot, R. J. F. Felt-Bersma, J. H. Nuijens, R. J. M. Strack Van Schijndel, A. J. M. Eerenberg-Belmer, L. G. Thijs, and L. A. Aarden. 1989. Increased plasma levels of interleukin-6 in sepsis. Blood 74:1704-1710.
8. Chollet-Martin, S., P. Montravers, C. Gibert, C. Elbim, J. M. Desmonts, J. Y. Fagon, and M. A. Gougerot-Pocidalo. 1993. High levels of interleukin-8 in the blood and alveolar spaces of patients with pneumonia and adult respiratory distress syndrome. Infect. Immun. 61:4553-4559.
9. Hack, C. E., M. Hart, R. J. M. Strack Van Schijndel, A. J. M. Eerenberg, J. H. Nuijens, L. G. Thijs, and L. A. Aarden. 1992. Interleukin-8 in sepsis: relation to shock and inflammatory mediators. Infect. Immun. 60:2835-2842.
10. Colditz, L., R. Zwahlen, B. Dewald, and M. Baggiolini. 1989. In vivo inflammatory activity of neutrophil-activating factor, a novel chemotactic peptide derived from human monocytes. Am. J. Pathol. 134:755-760.
11. Collins, P. D., P. J. Jose, and T. J. Williams. 1991. The sequential generation of neutrophil chemoattractant proteins in acute inflammation in the rabbit in vivo: relationship between C5a and proteins with the characteristics of IL-8/neutrophil-activating protein 1. J. Immunol. 146:677-684.
12. Craven, D. E., L. M. Kunches, V. Kilinsky, D. A. Lichtenberg, B. J. Make, and W. R. McCabe. 1986. Risk factors for pneumonia and fatality in patients receiving continuous mechanical ventilation. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 133:792-796.
13. Torres, A., R. Aznar, J. M. Gatell, P. Jiménez, J. Gonzalez, A. Ferrer, R. Celis, and R. Rodriguez-Roisin. 1990. Incidence, risk, and prognosis factors of nosocomial pneumonia in mechanically ventilated patients. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 142:523-528.
14. Knaus, W. A., E. A. Draper, D. P. Wagner, and J. E. Zimmerman. 1985. APACHE II: a severity of disease classification system. Crit. Care Med. 13:818-829.
15. De, A. K., K. Kodys, J. C. Puyana, G. Fudem, P. Savoie, and C. L. Millergraziano. 1995. Elevated IL-8 production by trauma patients monocytes is associated with elevated secretion of TNF-alpha. Shock 4:171-177.
16. Baigrie, R. J., P. L. Lamount, D. Kwiatkowski, M. J. Dallman, and P. J. Morris. 1992. Systemic cytokine response after major surgery. Br. J. Surg. 79:757-760.
17. Roumen, R. M. H., T. Hendriks, J. van de Ven-Jongekrijg, G. A. P. Nieuwenhuijzen, R. W. Samverwein, J. W. M. van der Meer, and J. A. Goris. 1993. Cytokine patterns in patients after major vascular surgery, hemorrhagic shock, and severe blunt trauma. Am. Surg. 218:769-776.
18. American College of Chest Physicians and Society of Critical Care Medicine. 1992. Consensus conference: definitions for sepsis and organ failure and guidelines for the use of innovative therapies in sepsis. Crit. Care Med. 20:864-874.
19. Le Gall, J., S. Lemeshow, and F. Saulnier. 1993. A new simplified acute physiology score (SAPS II) based on a European/North American multicenter study. J.A.M.A. 270:2957-2963.
20. Calandra, T., J. Gerain, D. Heumann, J. D. Baumgartner, and M. P. Glauser. 1991. High circulating levels of interleukin-6 in patients with septic shock: evolution during sepsis, prognostic value, and interplay with other cytokines. Am. J. Med. 91:23-29.