Neurophysiological support of consciousness during waking and sleep

Progress in Neurobiology

Volumn 59, Issue 5, 1999, Pages 469-508

  Gottesmann, C ^a  

^a UNIVERSITÉ CÔTE D'AZUR   (France)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

4 AMINOBUTYRIC ACID RECEPTOR STIMULATING AGENT; ACETYLCHOLINE; ADENOSINE; ALPHA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR STIMULATING AGENT; AMPHETAMINE; APOMORPHINE; ATROPINE; DOPAMINE; HISTAMINE; NEOSTIGMINE; NEUROTRANSMITTER; NORADRENALIN; PHYSOSTIGMINE; SEROTONIN;

ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; BRAIN BLOOD FLOW; CAT; COMPUTER ASSISTED EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; CONSCIOUSNESS; CONTROLLED STUDY; DOG; ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAM; ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY; HUMAN; MENTAL FUNCTION; NEUROCHEMISTRY; NEUROPHYSIOLOGY; NONHUMAN; PREFRONTAL CORTEX; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RAT; REM SLEEP; REVIEW; SLEEP; WAKEFULNESS;

ANIMALS; BRAIN; CONSCIOUSNESS; HUMANS; POLYSOMNOGRAPHY; SLEEP; WAKEFULNESS;

EID: 0032782531     PISSN: 03010082     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0301-0082(99)00014-3     Document Type: Review

References (410)

1. Acquas E., Wilson C., Fibiger H.C. Pharmacology of sensory stimulation-evoked increases in frontal cortical acetylcholine release. Neuroscience. 85:1998;73-83.
2. Adam H.M., Hye H.K.A. Concentration of histamine in different parts of brain and hypophysis of cat and its modification by drugs. Br. J. Pharmac. 28:1966;137-152.
3. Allison T. Recovery cycles of primary evoked potentials in cats sensorimotor cortex. Experentia. 24:1968;240-241.
4. de Almeida M.A.M.R., Izquierdo I. Memory facilitation by histamine. Arch. Int. Pharmacodyn. 283:1986;193-198.
5. Amzica F., Neckelmann D., Steriade M. Instrumental conditioning of fast (20- to 50-Hz) oscillations in corticothalamic networks. Proc. natl Acad. Sci. USA. 94:1997;1985-1989.
6. Anden N.E., Fuxe K., Ungerstedt U. Monoamine pathways to the cerebellum and cerbral cortex. Experentia. 23:1967;838-839.
7. Araneda R., Andrade R. 5-hydroxytryptamine2 and 5-hydroxytryptamine1A receptors mediate opposing responses on membrane excitability in rat association cortex. Neuroscience. 40:1991;399-412.
8. Arduini A., Berlucchi G., Strata P. Pyramidal activity during sleep and wakefulness. Arch. Ital. Biol. 101:1963;530-544.
9. Arnaud C., Gandolfo G., Gottesmann C. The reactivity of the somesthetic S1 cortex during sleep and waking in the rat. Brain Res. Bull. 4:1979;735-740.
10. Aserinski E., Kleitman N. Regularly occurring periods of eye mobility and concomitant phenomena during sleep. Science. 118:1953;273-274.
11. Aserinski E., Kleitman N. Two types of ocular motility occurring during sleep. J. Appl. Physiol. 8:1955;1-10.
12. Aston-Jones G., Bloom F.E. Activity of norepinephrine-containing neurons in behaving rats anticipates fluctuations in the sleep-waking cycle. J. Neurosci. 1:1981;876-886.
13. Aston-Jones G., Bloom F.E. Norepinephrine-containing locus coeruleus neurons in behaving rats exhibit pronounced responses to non-noxious environmental stimuli. J. Neurosci. 1:1981;887-900.
14. 2-receptor agonists evoke behavioural and electrcortical sleep. Br. J. Pharmac. 85:1988;860-866.
15. Baghdoyan H.A. Cholinergic mechanisms regulating REM sleep. Schwartz W.J. Sleep Science: Basic Research and Clinical Practice, Monogr. Clin. Neuroscience. 1997;88-116 Karger, Basel.
16. Baillarger X. De l'influence de l'état intermédiaire à la veille et au sommeil sur la production et la marche des hallucinations. Ann. med Psychol. Syst. Nerv. VII:1985;1. (quoted by Maury p. 57).
17. 3 receptors mediate inhibition of acetylcholine release in cortical tissue. Nature. 338:1989;762-763.
18. Bartholow R. Experimental investigations into the function of the human brain. Am. J. Med. Sci. 11:1874;305-313.
19. Batini C., Moruzzi G., Palestini M., Rossi G.F., Zanchetti A. Effects of complete pontine transections on the sleep-wakefulness rhythm: the midpontine pretrimgeminal preparation. Arch. Ital. Biol. 97:1959;1-12.
20. Batini C., Magni F., Palestini M., Rossi G.F., Zanchetti A. Neural mechanisms underlying the enduring EEG and behavioral activation in the midpontine pretrigeminal cat. Arch. Ital. Biol. 97:1959;13-25.
21. Batini C., Palestini M., Rossi G.F., Zanchetti A. EEG activation patterns in the midpontine pretrigeminal cat following sensory deafferentation. Arch. ital. Biol. 97:1959;26-32.
22. Batsel H.L. Electroencephalographic synchronization and desynchronization in the chronic "cerveau isolé" of the dog. Electroenceph. Clin. Neurophysiol. 12:1960;421-430.
23. Batsel H.L. Spontaneous desynchronization in the chronic cat "cerveau isolé" Arch. Ital. Biol. 102:1964;547-566.
24. Beaudet A., Descarries L. Quantitative data on serotonin nerve terminals in adult rat neocortex. Brain Res. 111:1976;301-309.
25. Belardetti F., Borgia R., Mancia M. Prosencephalic mechanisms of ECoG desynchronization in cerveau isolé cats. Electroenceph. Clin. Neurophysiol. 42:1977;213-225.
26. Benington J.H., Kodali S.K., Heller H.C. Scoring transitions to REM sleep in rats based on the phenomena of pre-REM sleep: an improved analysis of sleep structure. Sleep. 17:1994;28-36.
27. Benoit O., Bloch V. Seuil d'excitabilité réticulaire et sommeil profond chez le Chat. J. Physiol. Paris. 52:1960;17-18.
28. Berger B., Gaspar P., Verney C. Dopaminergic innervation of the cerebral cortex: unexpected differences between rodents and primates. Trends Neurosci. 14:1991;21-27.
29. Berger H. Über das electroenkephalogram des Menschen. Arch. Psychiat. Nervenkr. 87:1929;527-570.
30. Berger R.J., Oswald I. Eye movements during active and passive dreams. Science. 137:1962;601.
31. Berlucchi G. One or many arousal systems? Reflections on some of Giuseppe Moruzzi's foresights and insights about the intrinsic regulation of brain activity. Arch. Ital. Biol. 135:1997;5-14.
32. Berman K.F., Doran A.R., Pickar D., Weinberger D.R. Is the mechanism of prefrontal hypofunction in depression the same as in schizophrenia? Regional cerebral blood flow during cognitive activation. Br. J. Pyschiat. 162:1993;183-192.
33. Bigl V., Woolf N.J., Butcher L.L. Cholinergic projections from the basal forebrain to frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, and cingulate cortices: a combined fluorescent tracer and acetylcholinesterase analysis. Brain Res. Bull. 8:1982;727-749.
34. Bjorvatn B., Fagerland S., Ursin R. EEG power densities (0.5-20 Hz) in different sleep-wake stages in rats. Physiol. Behav. 63:1998;413-417.
35. 3-receptor activation in rats. Br. J. Pharmac. 119:1996;1656-1664.
36. Bobillier F., Petitjean F., salvert D., Ligier M., Seguin S. Differential projections of the nucleus raphe dorsalis and nucleus raphe centralis as revealed by autoradiography. Brain Res. 85:1975;205-210.
37. Bonnet V., Bremer F. Action du calcium et de l'acétylcholine sur les activités électriques spontanées et provoquées de l'écorce cérébrale. C.R. Soc. Biol. 126:1937;1271-1275.
38. Bonvallet M., Allen M.B. Prolonged spontaneous and evoked reticular activation following discrete bulbar lesions. Electroenceph. Clin. Neurophysiol. 15:1963;969-988.
39. Borda T., Genaro A., Sterin-Borda L., Cremaschi G. Involvement of endogenous nitric oxide signalling system in brain muscarinic acetylcholine receptor activation. J. Neur. Transm. 105:1998;193-204.
40. Bosinelli M. Mind and consciousness during sleep. Behav. Brain Res. 69:1995;195-201.
41. Bouyer J.J., Montaron M.F., Rougeul A. Fast fronto-parietal rhythms during combined focused attentive behavior and immobility in cat: cortical and thalamic localizations. Electroenceph. Clin. Neurophysiol. 51:1981;244-252.
42. Bragin A., Jandô G., Nadasdy Z., Hetke J., Wise K., Buzsaki G. Gamma (40-100 Hz) oscillation in the hippocampus of the behaving rat. J. Neurosci. 15:1995;47-60.
43. Braun A.R., Balkin T.J., Wesensten N.J., Gwadry F., Carson R.E., Varga M., Baldwin P., Belenky G., Herscovitch P. Dissociated pattern of activity in visual cortices and their projections during human rapid eye movement sleep. Science. 279:1998;91-95.
44. Bremer F. Cerveau "isolé" et physiologie du sommeil. C.R. Soc. Biol. 118:1935;1235-1241.
45. Bremer F. Nouvelles recherches sur le mécanisme du sommeil. C.R. Soc. Biol. 122:1936;460-464.
46. Bremer F. L'activité cérébrale au cours du sommeil et de la narcose. contribution à l'étude du mécanisme du sommeil. Bull. Acad. R. Belg. 4:1937;68-86.
47. Bremer F., Chatonnet J. Acétylcholine et cortex cérébral. Arch. Int. Physiol. 57:1949;106-109.
48. Broca P. Perte de la parole, ramollissement chronique et destruction partielle du lobe antérieur gauche du cerveau. Bull. Soc. Anthr. Paris. 2:1861;235-238.
49. Brozovski T., Brown R.M., Rosvold H.E., Goldman P.S. Cognitive deficit caused by regional depletion of dopamine in prefrontal cortex of rhesus monkey. Science. 205:1979;929-932.
50. Bubnoff N., Heidenhain R. Ueber Erregungs-Hemmungsvorgänge innerhalb der motorischen Hirncentren. Pflüger E.F.W. Archiv für die gesammte Physiologie. 1881;137-202 Emil Strauss Verlag, Bonn.
51. Buffenstein A., Heaster J., Ko P. Chronic psychotic illness from amphetamine. Am. J. Psychiat. 156:1999;662.
52. Burlet S., Cespuglio R. Voltammetric detection of nitric oxide (NO) in the rat brain: its variations throughout the sleep-wake cycle. Neurosci. Lett. 226:1997;131-135.
53. Buschbaum M.S., Ingvar D.H., Kessler R., Waters R.N., Cappelletti J., van Kammen D.P., King A.C., Johnson J.L., Manning R.G., Flynn R.W., Mann L.S., Bunney W.E. Jr., Sokoloff L. Cerebral glucography with positron tomography. use in normal subjects and in patients with schizophrenia. Arch. gen. Psychiat. 39:1982;251-259.
54. Buzsaki G., Gage F.H. The nucleus basalis: a key structure in neocortical arousal. Frotscher M., Misgeld U. Central Cholinergic Synaptic Transmission. 1989;159-171 Birkhäuser Verlag, Basel.
55. Buzsaki G., Bickford R.G., Ponomareff G., Thal L.J., Mandel R., Gage F.H. Nucleus basalis and thalamic control of neocortical activity in the freely moving rat. J. Neurosci. 8:1988;4007-4026.
56. Calvet J., Calvet M.C., Langlois J.M. Diffuse cortical activation waves during so-called desynchronized EEG patterns. J. Neurophysiol. 28:1965;893-907.
57. Cape E.G., Jones B.E. Differential modulation of high-freguency γ-electroencephalogram activity and sleep-wake state by noradrenaline and serotonin microinjections into the region of cholinergic basalis neurons. J. Neurosci. 18:1998;2653-2666.
58. Carlsson A. Receptor-mediated control of dopamine metabolism. Usdin E., Bunney W.E. Jr. Pre- and Postsynaptic Receptors. 1975;49-65 Marcel Dekker, New York.
59. Casamenti F., Deffenu G., Abbamondi A.L., Pepeu G. Changes in cortical acetylcholine output induced by modulation of the nucleus basalis. Brain Res. Bull. 16:1986;689-695.
60. Cases O., Vitalis T., Seif I., De Maeyer E., Sotelo C., Gaspar P. Lack of barrels in the somatosensory cortex of monoamine axidase A-deficient mice: role of a serotonin excess during the critical period. Neuron. 16:1996;297-307.
61. Caton, R., (1875) The electrical currents of the brain. Br. Med. J. 278.
62. Cavallero C., Cicogna P., Natale V., Occhionero M., Zito A. Slow wave sleep dreaming. Sleep. 15:1992;562-566.
63. Cecchi M., Giorgetti M., Bacciottini L., Giovannini M.G., Blandina P. Increase of acetylcholine release from cortex of freely moving rats by administration of histamine into the nucleus basalis magnocellularis. Inflamm. Res. 47:(suppl. 1):1998;S32-S33.
64. Celesia G.G., Jasper H.H. Acetylcholine released from cerebral cortex in relation to state of activation. Neurology. 16:1966;1053-1063.
65. Cespuglio R., Houdouin F., Oulerich M., El Mansari M., Jouvet M. Axonal and somato-dendritic modalities of serotonin release: their involvement in sleep preparation, triggering and maintenance. J. Sleep Res. 1:1992;150-156.
66. 3 receptor activation in medial prefrontal cortex of freely moving rats. Synapse. 10:1992;264-266.
67. Chrobak J.J., Buzsaki G. Gamma oscillations in the entorhinal cortex of the freely behaving rat. J. Neurosci. 18:1998;388-398.
68. Cordeau J.P., Walsh J., Mahut H. Variations de la transmission des messages sensoriels en fonction des différents états d'éveil et de sommeil. Neurophysiologie des Etats de sommeil. 1965;477-507 CNRS, Paris.
69. Creutzfeldt O., Baumgartner G., Schoen L. Reaktionen einzelner Neurons des senso-motorischen Cortex nach elektrischen Reizen. I. Hemmung und Erregung nach direkten und contralateralen Einzelreizen. Arch. Psychiat. NervKranh. 194:1956;597-619.
70. Crick F., Michison G. The function of dream sleep. Nature. 304:1983;111-114.
71. Cuculic Z., Bost K., Himwich H.E. An examination of a possible cortical cholinergic link in the EEG arousal reaction. Prog. Brain Res. 28:1968;27-39.
72. Dahlström A., Fuxe K. Evidence for existence of monoamine-containing neurons in the central nervous system. Acta Physiol. Scand. 62:(suppl. 232):1964;3-55.
73. Dalley J.W., Stanford S.C. Incremental changes in extracellular noradrenaline availability in the frontal cortex induced by naturalistic environmental stimuli: a microdialysis study in the freely moving rat. J. Neurochem. 65:1995;2644-2651.
74. Day J., Fibiger H.C. Dopaminergic regulation of cortical acetylcholine release. Synapse. 12:1992;281-286.
75. Dement W.C. Dream recall and eye movements during sleep in schizophrenics and normals. J. Nerv. Ment. Dis. 122:1955;263-269.
76. Dement W.C. The occurrence of low voltage, fast electroencephalogram patterns during behavioral sleep in the cat. Electroenceph. Clin. Neurophysiol. 10:1958;291-296.
77. Dement W.C., Kleitman N. The relation of eye movements during sleep to dream activity: an objective method for the study of dreaming. J. Exp. Psychol. 53:1957;339-346.
78. Dement W.C., Kleitman N. Cyclic variations of EEG during sleep and their relation to eye movements, body motility and dreaming. Electroenceph. Clin. Neurophysiol. 9:1957;673-690.
79. Dement W.C., Wolpert E.A. The relation of eye movements, body motility and external stimuli to dream content. J. exp. Psychol. 55:1958;543-553.
80. Demetrescu M., Demetrescu M., Iosif G. Diffuse regulation of visual thalamo-cortical responsiveness during sleep and wakefulness. Electroenceph. Clin. Neurophysiol. 20:1966;450-469.
81. Denoyer M., Salanon M., Buda C., Kitahama K., Jouvet M. Neurotoxic lesion of the mesencephalic reticular formation and/or the posterior hypothalamus does not alter waking in the cat. Brain Res. 539:1991;287-303.
82. Depoortere H., Loew D.M. Motor phenomena during sleep in the rat: a mean of improving the analysis of the sleep-wakefulness cycle. Jovanovic U. The Nature of Sleep. 1973;101-104 Gustav Fisher, Stuttgart.
83. 3H)norepinephrine. Brain Res. 51:1973;141-160.
84. Descarries L., Beaudet A., Watkins K.C. Serotonin nerve terminals in adult rat neocortex. Brain Res. 100:1975;563-588.
85. Descarries L., Watkins K.C., Lapierre Y. Noradrenergic axon terminals in the cerebral cortex of rat. III. Topometric ultrastructural analysis. Brain Res. 133:1977;197-222.
86. Descarries L., Gisiger V., Steriade M. Diffuse transmission by acetylcholine in the CNS. Prog. Neurobiol. 53:1997;603-625.
87. Desmedt J.E., Tomberg C. Transient phase-locking of 40 Hz electrical oscillations in prefrontal and parietal human cortex reflects the process of conscious somatic perception. Neurosci. Lett. 168:1994;126-129.
88. Détari L., Vanderwolf C.H. Activity of identified cortically projecting and other basal forebrain neurons during large slow waves and cortical activation in anaesthetized rats. Brain Res. 437:1987;1-8.
89. Di Chiara G., Porceddu M.L., Vargiu L., Argiolas A., Gessa G.L. Evidence for dopamine receptors in the mouse brain mediating sedation. Nature. 264:1976;564-567.
90. Divac I. Magnocellular nuclei of the basal forebrain project to neocortex, brain stem, and olfactory bulb. Review of some functional correlates. Brain Res. 93:1975;385-398.
91. Dringenberg H.C., Vanderwolf C.H. Involvement of direct and indirect pathways in electrocorticographic activation. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 22:1998;243-257.
92. Dumont S., Dell P. Facilitations spécifiques et non spécifiques des réponses visuelles corticales. J. Physiol. Paris. 50:1958;261-264.
93. von Economo C. Théorie du sommeil. J. Neurol. Psychiat. 7:1928;437-464.
94. Eison A.S., Eison M.S. Serotonergic mechanisms in anxiety. Prog. Neuro-Psychopharmac. Biol. Psychiat. 18:1994;47-62.
95. Evarts E.V. Activity of neurons in visual cortex of the cat during sleep with low voltage fast EEG activity. J. Neurol. 25:1962;812-815.
96. Evarts E.V. Neuronal activity in visual and motor cortex during sleep and waking. Neurophysiologie des états de sommeil. 1965;189-205 CNRS, Paris.
97. Evarts E.V., Fleming T.C., Huttenlocher P.R. Recovery cycle of visual cortex of the awake and sleeping cat. Am. J. Physiol. 199:1960;373-376.
98. Ey H. La dissolution du champ de la conscience dans le phénomène sommeil-veille et ses rapports avec la psychopathologie. Press. Med. 75:1967;575-578.
99. Falck B., Hillarp N.A., Thieme G., Torp A. Fluorescence of catechol amines and related compounds condensed with formaldehyde. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 10:1962;348-354.
100. Favale E., Loeb C., Manfredi M., Sacco G. Somatic afferent transmission and cortical responsiveness during natural sleep and arousal in the cat. Electroenceph. Clin. Neurophysiol. 18:1965;354-368.
101. Ferster D. Spatially opponent excitation and inhibition in simple cells of the cat visual cortex. J. Neurosci. 8:1988;1172-1180.
102. 2-adrenoceptors. Naunyn. Schmiedberg's Arch. Pharmac. 348:1993;372-378.
103. Fink K., Böing C., Göthert M. Presynaptic 5-HT autoreceptors modulate N-methyl-D-aspartate-evoked 5-hydroxytryptamine release in the guinea-pig brain cortex. Eur. J. Pharmac. 300:1996;79-82.
104. Foote S.L., Freedman R., Oliver A.P. Effects of putative neurotransmitters on neuronal activity in monkey auditory cortex. Brain Res. 86:1975;229-242.
105. Foulkes D. Dream report from different stages of sleep. J. Abnorm. Soc. Psychol. 65:1962;14-25.
106. Foulkes D., Pope R. Primary visual experience and secondary cognitive elaboration in stage REM: a modest confirmation and an extension. Perc. Mot. Skills. 37:1973;107-118.
107. Franken P., Dijk D.J., Tobler I., Borbely A.A. High-frequency components of the rat electrocorticogram are modulated by the vigilance states. Neurosci. Lett. 167:1994;89-92.
108. Frederickson R.C.A., Jordan L.M., Phillis J.W. The action of noradrenaline on cortical neurons: effects of pH. Brain Res. 35:1971;556-560.
109. Freeman W.J., Van Dijk B.W. Spatial patterns of visual fast EEG during conditiond reflex in a rhesus monkey. Brain Res. 422:1987;267-276.
110. Freud S. Project for a Scientific Psychology. Standard Edition, vol. I:1875;The Hogarth Press, London. (1975).
111. Freud S. Letter to Wilhem Fliess (22 december). La naissance de la psychanalyse. 1897;211-213 Presses Universitaires de France, Paris. (1956).
112. Freud S. The Interpretation of Dreams. Standard Edition, vol. IV:1900;1-338 The Hogarth Press, London. (1975).
113. Freud S. Formulations on the Two Principles of Mental Functioning. Standard Edition, vol. XII:1911;The Hogarth Press, London. (1975).
114. Frisch C., Hasenöhrt R.U., Haas H.L., Weiler H.T., Steinbusch H.W.M., Huston J.P. Facilitation of learning after lesions of the tuberomammillary nucleus region in adult and aged rats. Exp. Brain Res. 118:1998;447-456.
115. Fritsch G., Hitzig E. Ueber die elektrische Erregbarkeit des Grosshirns. Arch. Anat. Physiol. Wiss. Med. 37:1870;300-332.
116. Fromm E. Le langage oublié 1953;Payot, Paris.
117. Fuxe K. Evidence for the existence of monoamine neurons in the central nervous system. IV. distributuion of monoamine nerve terminals in the central nervous system. Acta Physiol. Scand. 64:(suppl. 247):1965;37-84.
118. Fuxe K., Hamberger B., Hökfelt T. Distribution of noradrenaline nerve terminals in cortical areas of the rat. Brain Res. 8:1968;125-131.
119. Fuxe K., Hökfelt T., Johanson O., Jonsson G., Lidbrink P., Ljungdahl A. The origin of the dopamine nerve terminals in limbic and frontal cortex. Evidence for meso-cortico dopamine neurons. Brain Res. 82:1974;349-355.
120. Fuxe K., Rambert F.A., Ferraro L., O'Connor W., Laurent Ph., Agnati L.F., Tanganelli S. Preclinical studies with modafinil. Evidence for vigilance enhancement and neuroprotection. Drugs of today. 32:1996;313-326.
121. Gaillard J.M., Martinoli R., Kafi S. Automatic analysis of states of vigilance in the rat. Sleep 1976. 1977;455-457 Karger, Basel.
122. Gall F.J. Sur les fonctions du cerveau et sur celles de chacune de ses parties. 1825;Boucher, Paris. (only volumes 1 and 2 were consulted).
123. Gandolfo G., Arnaud C., Gottesmann C. Transmission in the ventrobasal complex of rats during the sleep-waking cycle. Brain Res. Bull. 5:1980;553-562.
124. Gandolfo G., Scherschlicht R., Gottesmann C. Benzodiazepines promote the intermediate stage of sleep at the expense of paradoxical sleep in the rat. Pharmac. Biochem. Behav. 49:1994;921-927.
125. George R., Haslett W.L., Jenden D.J. A cholinergic mechanism in the brain stem reticular formation: induction of paradoxical sleep. Int. J. Neuropharmac. 3:1964;341-351.
126. Gervasoni D., Darracq L., Fort P., Soulière F., Chouvet G., Luppi P.H. Electrophysiological evidence that noradrenergic neurons of the locus coeruleus are tonically inhibited by GABA during sleep. Eur. J. Neurosci. 10:1998;964-970.
127. Gessa G.L., Proceddu M.L., Collu M., Mereu G., Serra M., Ongini E., Bioggio G. Sedation and sleep by high doses of apomorphine after blockade of D-1 receptors by SCH 23390. Eur. J. Pharmac. 109:1985;269-274.
128. +-evoked release of acetylcholine from rat brain cortex in vivo. Inflamm. Res. 46:(suppl. 1):1997;S33-S34.
129. 2 receptors interactions in the prefrontal cortex: implications for the modality of action of different types of neuroleptics. Synapse. 30:1998;362-370.
130. Glin L., Berracochea D., Galey D., Jaffard R., Gottesmann C. The intermediate stage of sleep in mice. Brain Res. Bull. 27:1991;637-640.
131. Gloor P. Translation of Berger's whole work. Electroenceph. Clin. Neurophysiol. Suppl. 28:1969;1-350.
132. Gobert A., Rivet J.M., Audinot V., Newman-Tancredi A., Cistarelli L., Millan M.J. Simultaneous quantification of serotonin, dopamine and noradrenaline level in single frontal cortex dialysates of freely-moving rats reveals a complex pattern of reciprocal auto-and heteroreceptor-medaited control of release. Neuroscience. 84:1998;413-429.
133. 2 receptors are organized in bands in normal human temporal cortex. Neuroscience. 74:1996;435-451.
134. 2 receptors. Eur. J. Pharmac. 154:1988;285-291.
135. Gottesmann C. Données sur l'activité corticale au cours du sommeil profond chez le Rat. C.R. Soc. Biol. 158:1964;1829-1834.
136. Gottesmann C. Recherche sur la psychophysiologie du sommeil chez le Rat. 1967;Presses du Palais Royal, Paris. (still available. Discussion and general summary in English).
137. Gottesmann C. Etude sur les activités électrophysiologiques phasiques chez le Rat. Physiol. Behav. 4:1969;495-504.
138. Gottesmann C. La psychophysiologie du sommeil. Bull. Psychol. 24:1970;520-528.
139. Gottesmann C. Psychophysiologie du sommeil. Ann. Psychol. 71:1971;451-488.
140. Gottesmann C. Le stade intermédiaire du sommeil chez le Rat. Rev. EEG Neurophysiol. 3:1972;65-68.
141. Gottesmann C. The transition from slow wave sleep to paradoxical sleep: evolving facts and concepts of the neurophysiological processes underlying the intermediate stage of sleep. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 20:1996;367-387.
142. Gottesmann C., User P., Gioanni H. Sleep: a physiological "cerveau isolé" stage? Waking Sleep. 4:1980;111-117.
143. Gottesmann C., Gandolfo G., Zernicki B. Intermediate stage of sleep in the cat. J. Physiol., Paris. 79:1984;365-374.
144. Grastyan E., Lissak K., Madarsz L., Donhoffer H.D. Hippocampal electrical activity during the development of conditioned reflexes. Electroenceph. Clin. Neurophysiol. 11:1959;409-430.
145. Gray C.M., Singer W. Stimulus-specific neuronal oscillations in orientation columns of cat visual cortex. Proc. natl Acad. Sci. USA. 86:1989;1698-1702.
146. Grenhoff J., Nisell M., Ferré S., Aston-Jones G., Svensson T.H. Noradrenergic modulation of midbrain dopamine cell firing elicited by stimulation of the locus coeruleus in the rat. J. Neural. Transm. 93:1993;11-25.
147. Grobin A.C., Deutch A.Y. Dopaminergic regulation of extracellular γ-aminobutyric acid levels in the prefrontal cortex of the rat. J. Pharmac. exp. Ther. 285:1998;350-357.
148. Grubar J.C. Sleep and mental deficiency. Rev. EEG Neurophysiol. 13:1983;107-114.
149. Haas H.L. Histamine actions in the mammalian central nervous system. Ganelin C.R., Schwartz J.C. Frontiers in Histamine Research. 1985;215-224 Pergamon, Oxford, UK.
150. Haas H.L., Wolf P. Central actions of histamine: microelectrophoretic studies. Brain Res. 122:1977;269-280.
151. Hennevin E., Hars B., Maho C., Bloch V. Processing of learned information in paradoxical sleep: relevance for memory. Behav. Brain Res. 69:1995;125-135.
152. Herman J.H., Erman M., Boys R., Peiser L., Taylor M.E., Roffwarg H.P. Evidence for a directional correspondence between eye movements and dream imagery in REM sleep. Sleep. 7:1984;52-63.
153. Hervey de Saint Denys M.J.L. Les rêves et les moyens de les diriger. 1867;Amyot, Paris. [republished (1964) Tchou, Paris].
154. Hess W.R. Le sommeil. C.R. Soc. Biol. 107:1931;1333-1364.
155. Hess W.R. Le sommeil comme fonction physiologique. J. Physiol., Paris. 41:1949;61-67.
156. Hobson J.A. The Dreaming Brain. 1988;Basic Books, New York.
157. Hobson J.A., McCarley R.W. The brain as a dream state generator: an activation-synthesis hypothesis of the dream process. Am. J. Psychiat. 134:1977;1335-1348.
158. Hobson J.A., McCarley R.W., Wyzinski P.W. Sleep cycle oscillation: reciprocal discharge by two brainstem neuronal groups. Science. 189:1975;55-58.
159. Hobson J.A., Stickgold R., Pace-Schott E.F. The neuropsychology of REM sleep dreaming. NeuroReport. 9:1998;R1-R14.
160. Hofle N., Paus T., Reutens D., Fiset P., Gotman J., Evans A.C., Jones B.E. Regional cerebral blood flow changes as a function of delta and spindle activity during slow wave sleep. J. Neurosci. 17:1997;4800-4808.
161. Hökfelt T., Ljungdahl A., Fuxe K., Johansson O. Dopamine nerve terminals in the rat limbic cortex: aspects of the dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia. Science. 184:1974;177-179.
162. Hong C.C.H., Gillin J.C., Dow B.M., Wu J., Buschbaum M.S. Localized and lateralized cerebral glucose metabolism associated with eye movements during REM sleep and wakefulness: a positron emission tomography (PET) study. Sleep. 18:1995;570-580.
163. Hughes Z.A., Stanford S.C. Increased noradrenaline efflux by local infusion of fluoxetine in the rat frontal cortex. Eur. J. Pharmac. 317:1996;83-90.
164. Inagaki N., Yamatodani A., Ando-Yamamoto, Toyama M., Watanabe T., Wada H. Organization of histaminergic fibers in the rat brain. J. Comp. Neurol. 273:1988;283-300.
165. Inglis F.M., Fibiger H.C. Increases in hippocampal and frontal cortical acetylcholine release associated with presentation of sensory stimuli. Neuroscience. 66:1995;81-86.
166. Itowi N., Yamatodani A., Kiyono S., Hiraiwa M.L., Wada H. Effect of histamine depletion on the circadian amplitude of the sleep-wakefulness cycle. Physiol. Behav. 49:1991;643-646.
167. Iversen D.S. The pharmacology of memory. C.R. Acad. Sci. 321:1998;209-215.
168. Iyer R.N., Bradberry C.W. Serotonin-mediated increase in prefrontal cortex dopamine release: pharmacological characterization. J. Pharmac. exp. Ther. 277:1996;40-47.
169. Jacobs L., Feldman M., Bender M.B. Are eye movements of dreaming sleep related to the visual images of the dreams. Psychophysiology. 9:1972;393-401.
170. Jasper H.H., Tessier J. Acetylcholine liberation from cerebral cortex during paradoxical (REM) sleep. Science. 172:1971;601-602.
171. Jodo E., Chinag C., Aston-Jones G. Potent excitatory influence of prefrontal cortex activity on noradrenergic locus coeruleus neurons. Neuroscience. 83:1998;63-79.
172. Joliot M., Ribary U., Llinas R. Human oscillatory brain activity near 40 Hz coexists with cognitive temporal binding. Proc. natl Acad. Sci. USA. 91:1994;11748-11751.
173. Jones B.E. Paradoxical sleep and its chemical/structural substrates in the brain. Neuroscience. 40:1991;637-656.
174. Jouvet M. Recherche sur les structures nerveuses et les mécanismes responsables des différentes phases du sommeil physiologique. Arch. Ital. Biol. 100:1962;125-206.
175. Jouvet M. Paradoxical sleep: a study of its nature and mechanism. Akert K., Bally C., Schadé J.P. Sleep Mechanisms. Prog. Brain Res. 18:1965;20-62.
176. Jouvet M. The role of monoamines and acetylcholine-containing neurons in the regulation of the sleep-waking cycle. Ergebnisse der Physiologie. 1972;166-307 Springer Verlag, Heidelberg.
177. Jouvet M. Cholinergic mechanisms and sleep. Waser P.G. Cholinergic Mechanisms. Waser. 1975;455-476 Raven Press, New York.
178. Jouvet M. Le sommeil et le rêve. 1992;Jacob, Paris.
179. Jouvet M., Michel F., Courjon J. Sur la mise en jeu de deux mécanismes à expression électroencéphalographique différente, au cours du sommeil physiologique chez le Chat. C.R. Soc. Biol. 248:1959;3043-3045.
180. 2 receptor bands in normal human temporal cortex are absent in Alzheimer's disease. Brain Res. 784:1998;7-17.
181. Kafi S., Gaillard J.M. Brain dopamine receptors and sleep in the rat: effects of stimulation and blockade. Eur. J. Pharmac. 38:1976;357-363.
182. Kahn D., Pace-schott E.F., Hobson J.A. Consciousness in waking and dreaming: the roles of neuronal oscillation and neuromodulation in determining similarities and differences. Neuroscience. 78:1997;13-38.
183. Kalivas P.W. Histamine-induced arousal in the conscious and pentobarbital-pretreated rat. J. Pharmac. exp. Ther. 222:1982;37-42.
184. Khateb A., Fort P., Pegna A., Jones B.E., Mühlethaler M. Cholinergic nucleus basalis neurons are excited by histamine in vitro. Neuroscience. 69:1995;495-506.
185. Kilgard M.P., Merzenich M.M. Cortical map reorganization enabled by nucleus basalis activity. Science. 279:1998;1714-1718.
186. Kinai T., Szerb J.C. Mesencephalic reticular activating system and cortical acetylcholine output. Nature. 205:1965;80-82.
187. Kinon B.J., Lieberman J.A. Mechanisms of action of atypical antipsychotic drugs: a critical analysis. Psychopharmacology. 124:1996;2-34.
188. Kiyono S., Seo M.L., Shibagaki M., Watanabe T., Maeyama K., Wada H. Effects of α-fluoromethylhistidine on sleep-waking parameters in rats. Physiol. Behav. 34:1985;615-617.
189. Klaue R. Die bioelektrische Tätigkeit der Grosshirnrinde im normalen Schlaf und in der Narkose durch Schlafmittel. J. Psychol. Neurol. 47:1937;510-531.
190. Kleinlogel H. Analysis of the vigilance stages in the rat by fast Fourier transformation. Neuropsychobiology. 23:1990;197-204.
191. Kleitman N. Sleep and Wakefulness. 1965;University Chicago Press, Chicago.
192. Koresco R.L., Snyder F., Feinberg I. "Dream time" in hallucinating and non hallucinating schizophrenic patients. Nature. 199:1963;1118-1119.
193. Kosofsky B.E., Molliver M.E. The serotoninergic innervation of cerebral cortex: different classes of axon terminals arise from dorsal and median raphe nuclei. Synapse. 1:1987;153-168.
194. Krnjevic K., Phillis J.W. Actions of certain amines on cerebral cortical neurons. Br. J. Pharmac. 20:1963;471-490.
195. Krnjevic K., Randic M., Straughan D.W. An inhibitory process in the cerebral cortex. J. Physiol. London. 184:1966;16-48.
196. Krnjevic K., Randic M., Straughan D.W. Nature of a cortical inhibitory process. J. Physiol. London. 184:1966;49-77.
197. Krnjevic K., Randic M., Straughan D.W. Pharmacology of cortical inhibition. J. Physiol. London. 184:1966;78-105.
198. Kroft W., Kuschinsky K. Electroencephalographic correlates of the sedative effects of dopamine agonists presumably acting on autoreceptors. Neuropharmacology. 30:1991;953-960.
199. Kurosawa M., Sato A., Sato Y. Stimulation of the nucleus basalis of Meynert increases acetylcholine release in the cerebral cortex in rats. Neurosci. Lett. 98:1989;45-50.
200. Kwiatkowski H. Histamine in nervous tissue. J. Physiol. London. 102:1943;32-41.
201. Ladner C.J., Lee J.M. Pharmacological drug treatment of Alzheimer disease: the cholinergic hypothesis revisited. J. Neuropath. exp. Neurol. 57:1998;719-731.
202. Lairy G.C. Données récentes sur la physiologie et la physiopathologie de l'activité onirique. données chez le malade mental. Lopez-Ibor J.J. IV World Congress of Psychiatry. Vol. 1:1966;189-197 Excerpta Medica, Madrid.
203. Lairy G.C., Barros-ferreira M., Goldsteinas L. Données
204. Lake N., Jordan L.M., Phillis J.W. Mechanism of noradrenaline action in cat cerebral cortex. Nature New Biol. 240:1972;249-250.
205. Lake N., Jordan L.M., Phillis J.W. Evidence against cyclic adenosine 3′,5′ monophosphate (AMP) mediation of noradrenaline depression of cerebral cortical neurones. Brain Res. 60:1973;411-421.
206. Lancel M., Faulhaber J., Holsboer F., Ruppert R. Progesterone induces changes in sleep comparable to those of agonistic GABAA receptor modulations. Am. J. Physiol. 34:1996;63-74.
207. Landfield P.W., McGaugh J.L., Tusa R.J. Theta rhythm: a temporal correlate of memory storage processes in the rat. Science. 175:1970;901-903.
208. Lavdas A.A., Blue M.E., Lincoln J., Parnavelas J.G. Serotonin promotes the differentiation of glutamate neurons in organotypic slice cultures of the developing cerebral cortex. J. Neurosci. 17:1997;7872-7880.
209. Lehmann J., Nagy J.I., Atmadja S., Fibiger H.C. The nucleus basalis magnocellularis: the origin of a cholinergic projection to the neocortex of the rat. Neuroscience. 5:1980;1161-1174.
210. Leonard C.S., Llinas R.R. Electrophysiology of mammalian pedunculopontine and laterodorsal tegmental neurons in vitro: implications for the control of REM sleep. Steriade M., Biesold D. Brain Cholinergic Systems. 1990;205-235 Oxford Science, Oxford.
211. Levit P., Moore R.Y. Noradrenaline neuron innervation on the neocortex in the rat. Brain Res. 139:1978;219-232.
212. Libet B., Gleason C.A. The human locus coeruleus and anxiogenesis. Brain Res. 634:1994;178-180.
213. Lin J.S., Sakai K., Jouvet M. Rôle des systèmes histaminergiques hypothalamiques dans la régulation des états de vigilance chez le Chat. C.R. Acad. Sci. 303:1986;469-474.
214. Lin J.S., Sakai K., Jouvet M. Evidence for histaminergic arousal mechanisms in hypothalamus of cat. Neuropharmacology. 27:1988;111-122.
215. 3 receptor ligands in the cat. Brain Res. 523:1990;325-330.
216. Lin J.S., Roussel B., Akaoka H., Fort P., Debilly G., Jouvet M. Role of catecholamines in the modafinil and amphetamine induced wakefulness, a comparative pharmacological study in the cat. Brain Res. 591:1992;319-326.
217. Lin J.S., Sakai K., Jouvet M. Hypothalamo-preoptic histaminergic projections in sleep-wake control in the cat. Eur. J. Pharmac. 6:1994;618-625.
218. Lin J.S., Hou Y., Sakai K., Jouvet M. Histaminergic descending inputs to the mesopontine tegmentum and their role in the control of cortical activation and wakefulness in the cat. J. Neurosci. 16:1996;1523-1537.
219. Llinas R.R., Paré D. Of dreaming and wakefulness. Neuroscience. 44:1991;521-535.
220. Llinas R., Ribary U. Coherent 40-Hz oscillation characterizes dream state in humans. Proc. natl Acad. Sci. USA. 90:1993;2078-2081. (with permission of the National Academy of Science).
221. Llinas R.R., Grace A.A., Yarom Y. In vitro neurons in mammalian cortical layer 4 exhibit intrinsic oscillatory activity in the 10- to 50-Hz frequency range. Proc. natl Acad. Sci. USA. 88:1991;897-901.
222. Loomis A.L., Harvey E.N., Hobart G. Science. 81:1935;597-598.
223. Loomis A.L., Harvey E.N., Hobart G. Further observations on the potential rhythms of the cerebral cortex during sleep. Science. 82:1935;198-200.
224. Loomis A.L., Harvey E.N., Hobart G.A. III. Cerebral states during sleep, as studied by human brain potentials. J. exp. Psychol. 21:1937;127-144.
225. Loomis A.L., Harvey E.N., Hobart G.A. III. Distribution of disturbance-patterns in the human electroencephalogram, with special reference to sleep. J. Neurophysiol. 1:1938;413-430.
226. Luciana M., Collins P.F., Depue R.A. Opposing role for dopamine and serotonin in the modulation of human spatial working memory functions. Cereb. Cort. 8:1998;218-226.
227. Madsen P.L., Holm S., Vorstrup S., Friberg L., Lassen N.A., Wildschiodtz G. Human regional cerebral blood low during rapid-eye-movement sleep. J. Cerebr. Blood Flow Metab. 11:1991;502-507.
228. Magistretti P.J., Schorderet M. VIP and noradrenaline act synergically to increase cyclic AMP in cerebral cortex. Nature. 308:1984;280-282.
229. Magnes J., Moruzzi G., Pompeiano O. Synchronization of the EEG produced by low frequency electrical stimulation of the region of the solitary tract. Arch. Ital. Biol. 99:1961;33-67.
230. Maire F.W., Patton H.D. Hyperactivity and pulmonary edema from rostral hypothalamic lesions in rats. Am. J. Physiol. 178:1954;315-320.
231. Maloney K.J., Cape E.G., Gotman J., Jones B.E. High-frequency γ electroencephalogram activity in association with sleep-wake states and spontaneous behaviors in the rat. Neuroscience. 76:1997;541-555.
232. Manceau A., Jorda M. Les centres mesodiencéphaliques du sommeil. Sem. Hop. 24:1948;3193-3202.
233. Mancia M. One possible function of sleep: to produce dreams. Behav. Brain Res. 69:1995;203-206.
234. Manning K.A., Wilson J.R., Uhlrich D.J. Histamine-immunoreactive neurons and their innervation of visual regions in the cortex, tectum, and thalamus in the primate Macaca mulata. J. comp. Neurol. 373:1996;271-282.
235. Mansour-Robaey S., Mechawar N., Radja F., Beaulieu C., Descarries L. Quantified distribution of serotonin transporter and receptors during the postnatal development of the rat barrel field cortex. Dev. Brain Res. 107:1998;159-163.
236. Manunta Y., Edeline J.M. Effects of noradrenaline on rate-level function of auditory cortex neurons: is there a "gating" effect of noradrenaline. Exp. Brain Res. 118:1998;361-372.
237. Maquet P., Peters J.M., Aerts J., Delfiore G., Degueldre C., Luxen A., Franck G. Functional neuroanatomy of human rapid-eye-movement sleep and dreaming. Nature. 383:1996;163-166.
238. Maquet P., Degueldre C., Delfiore G., Aerts J., Peters J.M., Luxen A., Franck G. Functional neuroanatomy of human slow wave sleep. J. Neurosci. 17:1997;2807-2812.
239. Marini G., Imeri L., Mancia M. Changes in sleep-waking cycle induced by lesions of medialis dorsalis thalamic nuclei in the cat. Neurosci. Lett. 85:1988;223-227.
240. Marrosu F., Portas C., Mascia M.F., casu M.A., Fa M., Giagheddu M., Imperato A., Gessa G.L. Microdialysis measurement of cortical and hippocampal acetylcholine release during sleep-wake cycle in freely moving cats. Brain Res. 671:1995;329-332.
241. Marshall L., Mölle M., Fehm H.L., Born J. Scalp recorded direct current brain potentials during human sleep. Eur. J. Neurosci. 10:1998;1167-1178.
242. Maura G., Andrioli G.C., Cavazzani P., Raiteri M. 5-hydroxytryptamine3 receptors sited on cholinergic axon terminals of human cerebral cortex mediate inhibition of acetylcholine release. J. Neurochem. 58:1992;2334-2337.
243. Maury A. Le sommeil et les rêves. 4th edition (1878) :1861;Didier, Paris.
244. McCarley R.W., Hobson J.A. Cortical unit activity in desynchronized sleep. Science. 167:1970;901-903.
245. McCarley R.W., Hobson J.A. Single neuron activity in desynchronized sleep. Science. 167:1971;901-903.
246. McCarley R.W., Hobson J.A. The neurobiological origins of psychoanalytic dream theory. Am. J. Psychiat. 134:1977;1211-1221.
247. McCarley R.W., Winkelman J.W., Duffy F.H. Human cerebral potentials associated with REM sleep rapid eye movements: links to PGO waves and waking potentials. Brain Res. 274:1983;359-364.
248. McCormick D.A. Neurotransmitter actions in the thalamus and cerebral cortex and their role in neuromodulation of thalamocortical activity. Prog. Neurobiol. 39:1992;337-388.
249. McCormick D.A., Williamson A. Modulation of neuronal firing mode in cat and guinea-pig LGNd by histamine: possible cellular mechanisms of histaminergic control of arousal. J. Neurosci. 11:1991;3188-3199.
250. McGinty D.J. Somnolence, recovery and hyposomnia following ventromedial diencephalic lesion in the rat. Electroenceph. Clin. Neurophysiol. 26:1969;70-79.
251. McGinty D.J., Harper R.M. Dorsal raphe neurons: depression of firing during sleep in cats. Brain Res. 101:1976;569-575.
252. McGinty D.J., Harper R.M., Fairbanks M.K. Neuronal unit activity and the control of sleep states. Weitzman E.D. Advances in Sleep Research. Vol. 1:1974;173-216 Spectrum, New York.
253. McRae-Degueurce A., Berod A., Mermet A., Keller A., Chouvet G., Joh T.H., Pujol J.F. Alterations in tyrosine hydroxylase activity elicited by raphe nuclei lesions in the rat locus coeruleus: evidence for the involvement of serotonin afferents. Brain Res. 235:1982;285-301.
254. Mednikova Y.S., Karnup S.V., Loseva E.V. Cholinergic excitation of dendrites in neocortical neurons. Neuroscience. 87:1998;783-796.
255. Metherate R., Ashe J.H. Basal forebrain stimulation modifies auditory cortex responsiveness by an action at muscarinic receptors. Brain Res. 559:1991;163-167.
256. Metherate R., Cox C.L., Ashe J.H. Cellular bases of neocortical activation: modulation of neural oscillations by the nucleus basalis and endogenous acetylcholine. J. Neurosci. 12:1992;4701-4711.
257. Michel F., Jeannerod M., Rechtschaffen A., Jouvet M. Sur les mécanismes de l'activité de pointe au niveau du système visuel au cours de la phase paradoxale du sommeil. C.R. Soc. Biol. 158:1964;103-106.
258. Mikiten T., Niebyl P., Hendley C. EEG desynchronization during behavioral sleep associated with spike discharges from the thalamus of the cat. Fed. Proc. 20:1961;327.
259. Miller J.D., Farber J., Gatz P., Roffwarg H., German D.C. Activity of mesencephalic dopamine and non-dopamine neurons across stages of sleep and waking in the rat. Brain Res. 273:1983;133-141.
260. Mimiran M., Van Someren E. The importance of REM sleep for brain maturation. J. Sleep Res. 2:1993;188-192.
261. Mitchell J.F. The spontaneous and evoked release of acetylcholine from the cerebral cortex. J. Physiol. 165:1963;98-116.
262. Mochizucki T., Yamatodani A., Okacura K., Horii A., Inagaki N., Wada H. Circadian rhythm of histamine release from the hypothalamus of freely moving rat. Physiol. Behav. 51:1992;391-394.
263. Molinari S., Foulkes D. Tonic and phasic events during sleep: psychological correlates and implications. Perc. Mot. Skills. 29:1969;343-348.
264. 2-adrenergic heteroreceptors on serotonin terminals in the mechanism of action of antidepressant drugs. Langer S.Z., Brunello N., Racagni G., Mendlewicz J. Critical Issues in the Treatment of Affective Disorders. Int. Acad. Biomed. Drug Res. 9:1994;98-109. Karger, Basel.
265. Monnier M., Hatt A.M. Afferent and central activating effects of histamine on the brain. Experentia. 25:1969;1297-1298.
266. Monti J.M. Involvement of histamine in the control of the waking state. Life Sci. 53:1993;1331-1338.
267. Monti J.M., Pellejero T., Jantos H. Effects of H1- and H2-histamine receptor agonists and antagonists on sleep and wakefulness in the rat. J. Neural Transm. 66:1986;1-11.
268. Monti J.M., Jantos H., Fernandez M. Effects of the selective D-2 receptor agonist, quipirole on sleep and wakefulness in the rat. Eur. J. Pharmac. 169:1989;61-66.
269. 3 receptor on sleep and wakefulness. Eur. J. Pharmac. 205:1991;283-287.
270. Monti J.M., Jantos H., Leschke C., Elz S., Schnack W. The selective histamine H1-receptor agonist 2-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl) histamine increases waking in the rat. Eur. Neuropsychopharmac. 4:1994;459-462.
271. Morrison A.R., Pompeiano O. Pyramidal discharge from somatosensory cortex and cortical control of primary afferents during sleep. Arch. Ital. Biol. 103:1965;538-568.
272. Moruzzi G., Magoun H.W. Brain stem reticular formation and activation of the EEG. Electroenceph. Clin. Neurophysiol. 1:1949;455-473.
273. Moskowitz E., Berger R.J. Rapid eye movements and dream imagery: are they related. Nature. 244:1969;613-614.
274. Mouret J. Les mouvements oculaires au cours du sommeil paradoxal. 1964;Imp. Beaux Arts, Lyon.
275. Muir J.L., Everitt B.J., Robbins T.W. AMPA-induced excitotoxic lesions of the basal forebrain: a significant role for the cortical cholinergic system in attentional function. J. Neurosci. 14:1994;2313-2326.
276. Munk M.H., Roelfsema P.R., König P., Engel A.K., Singer W. Role of reticular activation in the modulation of intracortical synchronization. Science. 272:1996;271-274.
277. Murphy V.N., Fetz E.E. Coherent 25- to 35-Hz oscillations in the sensorimotor cortex of awake behaving monkeys. Proc. natl Acad. Sci. USA. 89:1992;5670-5674.
278. Naquet R., Denavit M., Lanoir J., Albe-Fessard D. Altérations transitoires ou définitives de zones diencéphaliques chez le Chat. leurs effets sur l'activité électrique corticale et le sommeil. Neurophysiologie des états de sommeil. 1965;107-131 CNRS, Paris.
279. Nauta W.J.H. Hypothalamus regulation of sleep in rats: an experimental study. J. Neurophysiol. 9:1946;285-316.
280. Neckelmann D., Ursin R. Sleep stages and EEG power spectrum in relation to acoustical stimulus threshold in the rat. Sleep. 16:1993;467-477.
281. Nelson C.N., Hoffer B.J., Chu N.S., Bloom F.E. Cytochemical and pharmacological studies on polysensory neurons in the primate frontal cortex. Brain Res. 62:1973;115-133.
282. 2A facilitation of N-methyl-D-aspartate depolarization. Behav. Brain Res. 73:1996;273-275.
283. Nicolaou N.M., Garcia-Munoz M., Arbuthnott G.W., Eccleston D. Interactions between serotonergic and dopaminergic systems in rat brain demonstrated by small unilateral lesions of the raphe nuclei. Eur. J. Pharmac. 57:1979;295-305.
284. Nofzinger E.A., Mintun M.A., Wiseman M.B., Kupfer D.J. Forebrain activation in REM sleep: an FDG PET study. Brain Res. 770:1997;192-201.
285. Nunez A. Unit activity of rat basal forebrain neurons: relationship to cortical activity. Neuroscience. 72:1996;757-766.
286. Nunez A., Curro Dossi R., Contreras D., Steriade M. Intracellular evidence for incompatibility between spindle and delta oscillations in thalamocortical neuron of cat. Neuroscience. 48:1992;75-85.
287. Nutt D.J., Lalies M.D., Lione L.A., Hudson A.L. Noradrenergic mechanisms in the prefrontal cortex. J. Psychopharmac. 11:1997;163-168.
288. Onodera K., Yamatodani A., Watanabe T., Wada H. Neuropharmacology of the histaminergic neuron system in the brain and its relatioship with behavioral disorders. Prog. Neurobiol. 42:1994;685-702.
289. Onoe H., Sakai K. Kainate receptors: a novel mechanism in paradoxical (REM) sleep generation. NeuroReport. 6:1995;353-356.
290. Orr E.L., Quay W.B. Hypothalamic 24-hour rhythm in histamine, histidine decarboxylase and histamine-N-methyltransferase. Endocrinology. 96:1975;941-945.
291. Otani S., Blond O., Desce J.M., Crepel F. Dopamine facilitates long-term depression of glutaminergic transmission in the prefrontal cortex. Neuroscience. 85:1998;669-676.
292. Padel Y., Dell P. Effets bulbaires et réticulaires des stimulations endormantes du tronc vago-aortique. J. Physiol. Paris. 57:1965;269-270.
293. Palestini M., Pisano M., Rosadini G., Rossi G.F. Visual cortical responses evoked by stimulating lateral geniculate body and optic radiations in awake and sleeping cats. Exp. Neurol. 9:1964;17-30.
294. Panula P., Rinne J., Kuokkanen K., Erikson K., Sallmen T., Kalimo H., Relja M. Neuronal histaamine deficit in Alzheimer's disease. Neuroscience. 82:1998;993-997.
295. Panula P., Airaksinen M.S., Pirvola U., Kotilainen E.A. Histamine-containing neuronal system in human brain. Neuroscience. 34:1990;127-132.
296. Paré D., Llinas R. Conscious and pre-conscious processes as seen from the standpoint of sleep-waking cycle neurophysiology. Neuropsychologia. 33:1995;1155-1168.
297. Pavlov I. Les réflexes conditionnés. 1962;Masson, Paris.
298. 1 receptor-mediated facilitation of NMDA responses. Br. J. Pharmac. 121:1997;199-204.
299. Pehek E.A. Local infusion of the serotonin antagonists ritanserin or ICS 205,930 increases in vivo dopamine release in the rat medial prefrontal cortex. Synapse. 24:1996;12-18.
300. Pehek E.A. Comparison of effects of haloperidol administration on amphetamine-stimulated dopamine release in the rat medial prefrontal cortex and dorsal striatum. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 289:1999;14-23.
301. Pepeu G., Bartolini A. Effect of psychoactive drugs on the output of acetylcholine from the cerebral cortex of the cat. Eur. J. Pharmac. 4:1968;254-263.
302. Phillis J.W., Chong G.C. Acetylcholine release from the cerebral and cerebellar cortices: its role in cortical arousal. Nature. 207:1965;1253-1255.
303. Phillis J.W., Lake N., Yarbrough G. Calcium mediation of the inhibitory effects of biogenic amines on cerebral cortical neurones. Brain Res. 53:1973;465-469.
304. Pinault D., Deschênes M. Voltage-dependent 40-Hz oscillations in rat reticular thalamic neurons in vivo. Neuroscience. 51:1992;245-258.
305. Pirot S., Godbout R., Mantz J., Tassin J.P., Glowinski J., Thierry A.M. Inhibitory effects of ventral tegmental area stimulation on the activity of prefrontal cortex neurons: evidence for the involvement of both dopaminergic and GABAergic components. Neuroscience. 49:1992;857-865.
306. Porkka-Heiskanen T., Tuomisto L., Ylinen M., Stenberg D. The effect of REM sleep deprivation on histamine concentrations in different brain areas. Life Sci. 54:1994;1719-1726.
307. Portas C.M., Rees G., Howseman A.M., Josephs O., Turner R., Frith C.D. A specific role for the thalamus in mediating the interaction of attention and arousal in humans. J. Neurosci. 18:1998;8979-8989.
308. Prast H., Argyriou A., Philippu A. Histaminergic neurons facilitate social memory in rats. Brain Res. 734:1996;316-318.
309. Prisco S., Pagannone S., Esposito E. Serotonin-dopamine interaction in the rat ventral tegmental area: an electrophysiological study in vivo. J. Pharmac. exp. Ther. 271:1994;83-90.
310. Rahman S., Neuman R.S. Action of 5-hydroxytryptamine in facilitating N-methyl-D-aspartate depolarization of cortical neurones mimicked by calcimycin, cyclopiazonic acid and thapsigargin. Br. J. Pharmac. 119:1996;877-884.
311. Ranson S.W. Somnolence caused by hypothalamic lesion in the monkey. Arch. Neurol. Psychiat. Chicago. 41:1939;1-23.
312. Rasmussen K., Heym J., Jacobs B.L. Activity of serotonin-containing neurons in nucleus centralis superior of freely moving cats. Exp. Neurol. 83:1984;302-317.
313. Ray P.G., Jackson W.J. Lesions of nucleus basalis alter ChAT activity and EEG in rat frontal neocortex. Electroenceph. Clin. Neurophysiol. 79:1991;62-68.
314. Reader T.A., Ferron A., Descarries L., Jasper H.H. Modulatory role for biogenic amines in the cerebral cortex. Microiontopheric studies. Brain Res. 160:1979;217-229.
315. Rechschaffen A. Commentary to the paper of Foulkes D. Dreaming and REM sleep. Newsletter. 3:1994;16-18.
316. Rechschaffen A., Vogel G., Shaikun G. Interrelatedness of mental activity during sleep. Arch. Gen. Psychiat. 9:1963;536-547.
317. Reiner P.B., McGeer E.G. Electrophysiological properties of cortically projecting histamine neurons of the rat hypothalamus. Neurosci. Lett. 73:1987;43-47.
318. 3H GABA on rat prefrontal cortex slices. Neuroscience. 42:1991;61-72.
319. Reynolds J.N., Baskys A., Carlen P.L. The effects of serotonin on N-methyl-D-aspartate and synaptically evoked depolarizations in rat neocortical neurons. Brain Res. 456:1988;286-292.
320. Ribary U., Ioannides A.A., Singh K.D., Hasson R., Bolton J.P.R., Lado F., Mogilner A., Llinas R. Magnetic field tomography of coherent thalamocortical 40-Hz oscillations in humans. Proc. natl Acad. Sci. USA. 88:1991;11037-11041.
321. 3 receptors in developing ferret visual cortex. J. Neurosci. 17:1997;8324-8338.
322. 3 receptors in developing visual cortex. J. Neurosci. 17:1997;8353-8362.
323. Roffwarg H.P., Dement W.C., Muzio J.N., Fisher C. Dream imagery: relation to REMs of sleep. Arch. Gen. Psychiat. 7:1962;235-258.
324. Roffwarg H.P., Muzio J.N., Dement W.C. Ontogenic development of the human sleep dream cycle. Science. 152:1966;604-619.
325. Rossi G.F., Palestini M., Pisano M., Rosadini G. An experimental study of the cortical reactivity during sleep and wakefulness. Neurophysiologie des états de sommeil. 1965;509-526 CNRS, Paris.
326. Rougeul A., Bouyer J.J., Dedet L., Debray O. Fast somato-parietal rhythms during combined focal attention and immobility in baboon and squirrel monkey. Electroenceph. Clin. neurophysiol. 46:1979;310-319.
327. Saito H., Matsumoto M., Togashi H., Yoshioka M. Functional interaction between serotonin and other neuronal systems: focus on in vivo microdialysis studies. Jpn J. Pharmac. 70:1996;203-225.
328. Sakai K. Executive mechanisms of paradoxical sleep. Arch. Ital. Biol. 126:1988;239-257.
329. 2 histamine receptor agonists. Eur. J. Pharmac. 38:1976;269-273.
330. Satoh T. Direct cortical response and PGO spike during paradoxical sleep of the cat. Brain Res. 28:1971;576-578.
331. 1 dopamine receptors in prefrontal cortex: involvement in working memory. Science. 251:1991;947-950.
332. 3 receptor-mediated inhibition of serotonin release in the rat brain cortex. Naunyn-Schmiedberg's Arch. Pharmac. 337:1988;588-590.
333. 3 receptors. Naunyn-Schmiedberg's Arch. Pharmac. 340:1989;633-638.
334. 3 receptor agonist 1-(m-chlorophenyl)-biguanide facilitates noradrenaline release by blockade of a2-adrenoceptors in the mouse brain cortex. Naunyn-Schmiedberg's Arch. Pharmac. 349:1994;20-24.
335. Schmitt F.O. Macromolecular Specificity and Biological Memory. 1962;MIT Press, Cambridge. (quoted by Jouvet, 1972).
336. Schwartz J.C. Histamine as a transmitter in brain. Life Sci. 17:1975;503-518.
337. Schwartz J.C., Arrang J.M., Garbarg M., Pollard H., Ruat M. Histaminergic transmission in the mammalian brain. Physiol. Rev. 71:1991;1-51.
338. Servos P., Barke K.E., Hough L.B., Vanderwolf C.H. Histamine does not play an essential role in electrocortical activation during waking behavior. Brain Res. 636:1994;98-102.
339. 2-activated interneuron. Brain Res. 506:1990;62-69.
340. Shi W.X., Zheng P., Liang X.F., Bunney B.S. Characterization of dopamine-induced depolarization of prefrontal cortical neurons. Synapse. 26:1997;415-422.
341. 10 neurones are involved in cognitive functions. Nature. 286:1980;150-151.
342. Singer W. Role of acetylcholine in use-dependent plasticity of the visual cortex. Steriade M., Biesold D. Brain Cholinergic Systems. 1990;314-336 Oxford University Press, Oxford.
343. Smiley J.F., Goldman-Rakic P.S. Heterogenous targets of dopamine synapses in monkey prefrontal cortex demonstrated by serial section electron microscopy: a laminar analysis using the silver-enhanced diaminobenzidine sulfide (SEDS) immunolabeling technique. Cereb. Cort. 3:1993;223-238.
344. Smiley J.F., Goldman-Rakic P.S. Serotonergic axons in monkey prefrontal cerebral cortex synapse predominantly on interneurons as demonstrated by serial section electron microscopy. J. comp. Neurol. 367:1996;431-443.
345. Smith M.A. Alzheimer disease. Int. Rev. Neurobiol. 42:1998;1-54.
346. Snyder F. Quelques hypothèses au sujet de la contribution du sommeil avec mouvements oculaires rapides à la survivance des mammifères. Rêve et conscience. 1968;37-50 Presses Universitaires de France, Paris.
347. Steinbusch H.W.M., Mulder A.H. Immunohistochemical localization of histamine in neurons and mast cells in the rat brain. Bjorklund T., Hökfelt T., Kuhar M.J. Handbook of Chemical Neuroanatomy. Vol. 3, Classical transmitters and transmitter receptors in the CNS:1984;126-140 Elsevier, Amsterdam.
348. Steriade M. Ascending control of thalamic and cortical responsiveness. Int. Rev. Neurobiol. 12:1970;87-144.
349. Steriade M. Arousal: revisiting the reticular system. Science. 272:1996;225-226.
350. Steriade M., Amzica F. Intracortical and corticothalamic coherency of fast spontaneous oscillations. Proc. natl Acad. Sci. USA. 93:1996;2533-2538.
351. Steriade M., Biesold D. Parallel activation of thalamic and cortical neurons by brainstem and basal forebrain cholinergic systems. Steriade M., Biesold D. Brain Cholinergic Systems. 1990;3-62 Oxford Science, Oxford.
352. Steriade M., Deschênes M. Inhibitory processes and interneuronal apparatus in motor cortex during sleep and waking. II; Recurrent and afferent inhibition of pyramidal tract neurons. J. Neurophysiol. 37:1973;1093-1113.
353. Steriade M., Deschênes M. Cortical interneurons during sleep and waking in freely moving primates. Brain Res. 50:1974;192-199.
354. Steriade M., McCarley R. Brainstem Control of Wakefulness and Sleep. 1990;Plenum Press, New York.
355. Steriade M., Deschênes M., Oakson G. Inhibitory processes and interneuronal apparatus in motor cortex during sleep and waking. I. Background firing and responsiveness of pyramidal tract neurons and interneurons. J. Neurophysiol. 37:1974;1065-1092.
356. Steriade M., Kitsikis A., Oakson G. Excitatory-inhibitory processes in parietal association neurons during reticular activation and sleep-waking cycle. Sleep. 1:1979;339-355.
357. Steriade M., Deschênes M., Domich M., Mulle C. Abolition of spindle oscillations in thalamic neurons disconnected from nucleus reticularis thalami. J. Neurophysiol. 54:1985;1473-1497.
358. Steriade M., Domich L., Oakson G., Deschênes M. The deafferented reticular thalamic nucleus generates spindle rhythmicity. J. Neurophysiol. 57:1987;260-273.
359. Steriade M., Curro Dossi R., Paré D., Oakson G. Fast oscillations (20-40 Hz) in thalamocortical systems and their potentiation by mesopontine cholinergic nuclei in the cat. Proc. natl Acad. Sci. USA. 88:1991;4396-4400.
360. Steriade M., McCormick D.A., Sejnowski T.J. Thalamocortical oscillations in the sleeping and aroused brain. Science. 262:1993;679-685.
361. Steriade M., Amzica F., Contreras D. Synchronization of fast (30-40 Hz) spontaneous cortical rhythms during brain activation. J. Neurosci. 16:1996;392-417.
362. Steriade M., Contreras D., Amzica F., Timofeev I. Synchronization of fast (30-40 HZ) spontaneous oscillations in intrathalamic and thalamocortical networks. J. Neurosci. 16:1996;2788-2808.
363. Sterman M.B., Clemente C.D. Forebrain inhibitory mechanisms: sleep patterns induced by basal forebrain stimulation in the behaving cat. Exp. Neurol. 6:1962;103-117.
364. Stivalet P., Esquivie D., Barraud P.A., Leifflen D., Raphel C. Effects of modafinil on attentional processes during 60 hours of sleep deprivation. Hum. Psychopharmac. Clin. Exp. 13:1998;501-507.
365. Stone T.W. Pharmacology of pyramidal tract cells in the cerebral cortex. Naunyn-Schmiedberg's Arch. Pharmac. 278:1973;333-346.
366. Swett C.P., Hobson J.A. The effects of posterior hypothalamic lesions on behavioral and electrographic manifestations of sleep in cats. Arch. Ital. Biol. 106:1968;279-283.
367. Szerb J.C. Cortical acetylcholine release and electroencephalographic arousal. J. Physiol., London. 192:1967;329-343.
368. Szymusiak R., McGinty D., Shepard D., Shouse M.N., Sterman M.B. Effects of systemic atropine sulfate administration on the frequency content of the cat sensorimotor EEG during sleep and waking. Behav. Neurosci. 104:1990;217-225.
369. Tanda G., Frau R., Di Chiara G. Local 5-HT3 receptors mediate fluoxetine but not desipramine-induced increase of extracellular dopamine in the prefrontal cortex. Psychopharmacology. 119:1995;15-19.
370. 1 blockers. Brain Res. Bull. 22:1989;271-275.
371. Teplitz, Z. (1953) An electroencephalographic study of sleep and dreams. Unpublished M.Sc. thesis, University of Illinois (quoted by Foulkes, 1962).
372. Thierry A.M., Stinus L., Blanc G., Glowinski J. Some evidence for the existence of dopaminergic neurons in the rat cortex. Brain Res. 50:1973;230-234.
373. Thompson D.F., Pierce D.R. Drug-induced nightmares. Ann. Pharmacother. 33:1999;93-98.
374. Tiitinen H., Sinkkonen J., Reinikainen K., Alho K., Lavikainen J., Näätänen R. Selective attention enhances the auditory 40-Hz transient response in humans. Nature. 364:1993;59-60.
375. 3 receptor-mediated inhibition of noradrenaline release in the guinea-pig brain. Naunyn-Schmiedberg's Arch. Pharmac. 357:1998;232-239.
376. Tracy R.L., Tracy L.N. Reports of mental activity from sleep stages 2 and 4. Perc. Mot. Skills. 38:1974;647-648.
377. Trulson M.E., Preussler D.W. Dopamine-containing ventral tegmental area neurons in freely moving cats: activity during the sleep-waking cycle and effects of stress. Exp. Neurol. 83:1984;367-377.
378. Trulson M.E., Jacobs B.L., Morrison A.R. Raphe unit activity during REM sleep in normal cats and in pontine lesioned displaying REM sleep without atonia. Brain Res. 226:1981;75-91.
379. Tuomisto L., Tuomisto J. Diurnal variations in brain and pituitary histamine and histamine-N-methyltransferase in the rat and guinea pig. Med. Biol. 60:1982;204-209.
380. Turlelski K., Djavadian R.L., Kossut M. Neonatal serotonin depletion modifies development but not plasticity in barrel cortex. NeuroReport. 8:1997;1823-1828.
381. Ugedo L., Grenhoff J., Svensson T.H. Ritanserin, a 6-HT2 receptor antagonist, activates midbrain dopamine neurons by blocking serotonergic inhibition. Psychopharmacology. 98:1989;45-50.
382. Valjakka A., Vartiainen J., Kosunen H., Hippeläinen M., Pesola P., Olkkonen H., Airaksinen M.M., Tuomisto L. Histaminergic modulation of neocortical spindling and slow-wave activity in freely behaving rats. J. Neural. Transm. 103:1996;1265-1280.
383. Vanderwolf C.H. Cerebral activity and behavior: control by central cholinergic and serotonergic systems. Int. Rev. Neurobiol. 30:1988;225-340.
384. Vanderwolf C.H., Stewart D.J. Thalamic control of neocortical activation: a critical reevaluation. Brain Res. Bull. 20:1988;529-538.
385. Vanderwolf C.H., Fine A., Cooley R.K. Intracortical grafts of embryonic basal forebrain tissue restore low voltage fast activity in rats with basal forebrain lesions. Exp. Brain Res. 81:1990;426-432.
386. Vanderwolf C.H., Raithby A., Snider M., Cristi C., Tanner C. Effects of some cholinergic agonists on neocortical slow wave activity in rats with basal forbrain lesions. Brain Res. Bull. 31:1993;515-521.
387. Vanni-Mercier G., Sakai K., Jouvet M. Neurones spécifiques de l'éveil dans l'hypothalamus postérieur du Chat. C.R. Acad Sci. Paris. 298:1984;195-200.
388. Vanni-Mercier G., Debilly G., Lin J.S., Pelisson D. The caudo ventral pontine tegmentum is involved in the generation of high velocity eye saccades in burts during paradoxical sleep. Neurosci. Lett. 213:1996;127-131.
389. Velasco F., Velasco M., cepeda C., Munoz H. Wakefulness-sleep modulation of cortical and subcortical somatic evoked potentials in man. Electroenceph. Clin. Neurophysiol. 48:1980;64-72.
390. Vertes R.P. selective firing of rat pontine gigantocellular neurons during movements and REM sleep. Brain Res. 128:1977;146-152.
391. Villablanca J. The electrocorticogram in the chronic "cerveau isolé" cat. Electroenceph. Clin. Neurophysiol. 19:1965;576-586.
392. Villablanca J. Role of the thalamus in sleep control: sleep-wakefulness studies in chronic diencephalic and athalamic cats. Petre-Quadens O., Schlag J. Basic Sleep Mechanisms. 1974;51-81 Academic Press, New York.
393. Vogel G.W. An alternative view of the neurobiology of dreaming. Am. J. Psychiat. 135:1978;1531-1535.
394. Vogel G., Foulkes D., Trosman H. Ego functions and dreaming during sleep onset. Arch. Gen. Psychiat. 14:1966;238-248.
395. Wang Q.P., Guan J.L., Nakai Y. Distribution and synaptic relations of NOS neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus of the adult rat. Brain Res. Bull. 37:1995;177-187.
396. Warren R.A., Dykes R.W. Transient and long-lasting effects of iontophoretically administered norepinephrine on somatosensory cortical neurons in halothane-anesthetized cats. Can. J. Physiol. Pharmac. 74:1996;38-57.
397. Watanabe T., Taguchi Y., Shiosaka S., Tanaka J., Kubota H., Terano Y., Tohyama M., Wada H. Distribution of the histaminergic neuron system in the central nervous system of rats: a fluorescent immunohistochemical analysis with histidine decarboxylase as a marker. Brain Res. 295:1984;13-25.
398. Waterhouse B.D., Azizi S.A., Burne R.A., Woodward D.J. Modulation of rat cortical area 17 neuronal responses to moving visual stimuli during norepinephrine and serotonin microiontophoresis. Brain Res. 514:1990;276-292.
399. Weiss T., Adey W.R. Excitability changes during paradoxical sleep. Experentia. 21:1965;1-4.
400. White J.M., Rumbold G.R. behavioural effects of histamine and its antagonists. Psychopharmacology. 95:1988;1-14.
401. Wikler A. Pharmacological dissociation of behavior and EEG "sleep patterns" in dogs: morphine, N-allylmorphine and atropine. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. Med. 79:1952;261-265.
402. Williams G.V., Goldman-Rakic P.S. Modulation of memory fields by dopamine D1 receptors in prefrontal cortex. Nature. 376:1995;572-575.
403. Williams H.L., Morlock H.C., Morlock J.V., Lubin A. Auditory evoked responses and the EEG stages of sleep. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 112:1964;172-179.
404. Winson J. Loss of hippocampal theta rhythm results in spatial memory deficit in the rat. Science. 201:1978;160-163.
405. Winterfeld K.T., Teucher-Noodt G., Dawirs R.R. Social environment alters both ontogeny of dopamine innervation of the prefrontal cortex and maturation of working memory in gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus). J. Neurosci. Res. 52:1998;201-209.
406. 4 receptors. Naunyn-Schmiedberg's Arch. Pharmac. 356:1997;712-720.
407. Yamatodani A., Inagaki N., Panula P., Itowi N., Watanabe T., Wada H. Structure and functions of the histaminergic neuron system. Uvnäs B. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology. Histamine and Histamine Antagonists. Vol. 97:1991;243-283 Springer, New York.
408. Yarbrough G.G., Lake N., Phillis J.W. Calcium antagonism and its effects on the inhibitory actions of biogenic amines on cerebral cortical neurones. Brain Res. 67:1974;77-88.
409. Zernicki B., Gandolfo G., Glin L., Gottesmann C. Cerveau isolé and pretrigeminal rats. Acta Neurobiol. Exp. 44:1984;159-177.
410. Zwart R., Blank T., Spiess J. Histamine slows the onset of desensitization of rat cortical NMDA receptors. NeuroReport. 7:1996;2206-2210.