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Furness R.B., Fraser G.M., Hay N.A., Hughes C. Negative feedback from a Proteus Class II flagellum export defect to the flhDC master operon controlling cell division and flagellum assembly. J Bacteriol. 179:1997;5585-5588.
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A novel membrane protein influencing cell shape and multicellular swarming of Proteus mirabilis
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A transposon insertion in the novel ccmA gene abolishes swarming and causes differentiated P. mirabilis cells to have a curved morphology. Two forms of the wild-type CcmA protein are present in the cytosolic membrane: a full-length integral membrane protein and an amino-terminally truncated peripheral membrane protein. In the ccmA transposon mutant, wild-type levels of carboxy-terminally truncated versions of both proteins are present. A ccmA null mutant swarms slowly, and elongated cells are less misshapen than those of the transposon mutant. The CcmA protein might function to maintain linearity of elongated swarm cells.
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Hay N.A., Tipper D.J., Gygi D., Hughes C. A novel membrane protein influencing cell shape and multicellular swarming of Proteus mirabilis. J Bacteriol. 181:1999;2008-2016. A transposon insertion in the novel ccmA gene abolishes swarming and causes differentiated P. mirabilis cells to have a curved morphology. Two forms of the wild-type CcmA protein are present in the cytosolic membrane: a full-length integral membrane protein and an amino-terminally truncated peripheral membrane protein. In the ccmA transposon mutant, wild-type levels of carboxy-terminally truncated versions of both proteins are present. A ccmA null mutant swarms slowly, and elongated cells are less misshapen than those of the transposon mutant. The CcmA protein might function to maintain linearity of elongated swarm cells.
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Hay, N.A.1
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0033551841
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P. mirabilis produces an acidic capsular polysaccharide (Cmf-CPS) that facilitates swarming migration. The structure of Cmf-CPS is determined by glycosyl composition and linkage analysis, and 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy. The Cmf-CPS structures of two P. mirabilis isolates and a P. vulgaris isolate are compared. All three are acidic, and contain at least one uronosyl residue and aminosugars.
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Rahman M.M., Guard-Petter J., Asokan K., Hughes C., Carlson R.W. The structure of the colony migration factor from pathogenic Proteus mirabilis: a capsular polysaccharide that facilitates swarming. J Biol Chem. 274:1999;22993-22998. P. mirabilis produces an acidic capsular polysaccharide (Cmf-CPS) that facilitates swarming migration. The structure of Cmf-CPS is determined by glycosyl composition and linkage analysis, and 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy. The Cmf-CPS structures of two P. mirabilis isolates and a P. vulgaris isolate are compared. All three are acidic, and contain at least one uronosyl residue and aminosugars.
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51
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N-acyl-L-homoserine lactone autoinducers control production of an extracellular lipopeptide biosurfactant required for swarming motility of Serratia liquefaciens MG1
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•]). The migration defect of swrA and swrI mutants can be complemented by addition of surfactants to the growth media, suggesting that swrA is the only swarming-specific gene that is controlled as part of the SwrI quorum sensing regulon.
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•]). The migration defect of swrA and swrI mutants can be complemented by addition of surfactants to the growth media, suggesting that swrA is the only swarming-specific gene that is controlled as part of the SwrI quorum sensing regulon.
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Lindum, P.W.1
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52
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Cosby W.M., Vollenbroich D., Lee O.H., Zuber P. Altered srf expression in Bacillus subtilis resulting from changes in culture pH is dependent on the SpoOK oligopeptide permease and the ComQX system of extracellular control. J Bacteriol. 180:1998;1438-1445.
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0000183119
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Kinetic model of Proteus mirabilis swarm colony development
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Presents a mathematical model describing the swarm cell differentiation/de-differentiation cycle and the spatial evolution of swimmer and swarmer cells during swarm colony development. Central to this model are the age dependence of swarm cell behaviour, and cell density thresholds for population migration.
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Esipov S.E., Shapiro J.A. Kinetic model of Proteus mirabilis swarm colony development. J Math Biol. 36:1998;249-268. Presents a mathematical model describing the swarm cell differentiation/de-differentiation cycle and the spatial evolution of swimmer and swarmer cells during swarm colony development. Central to this model are the age dependence of swarm cell behaviour, and cell density thresholds for population migration.
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Substrate-specific binding of hook-associated proteins by FlgN and FliT, putative chaperones for flagellum assembly
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The motile P. mirabilis flgN mutant cannot hyperflagellate or swarm. Loss of FlgN results in decreased export of the flagellar hook-associated proteins (HAPs) FlgK and FlgL, thus reducing efficiency of flagellum assembly. Studies in S. typhimurium show that FlgN binds to the carboxy-terminal helices of FlgK and FlgL, and that the similar FliT protein binds to the carboxyl terminus of the flagellar cap protein, FliD (HAP2). The data indicate that FlgN and FliT are substrate-specific chaperones that facilitate HAP export.
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Fraser G.M., Bennett J.C.Q., Hughes C. Substrate-specific binding of hook-associated proteins by FlgN and FliT, putative chaperones for flagellum assembly. Mol Microbiol. 32:1999;569-580. The motile P. mirabilis flgN mutant cannot hyperflagellate or swarm. Loss of FlgN results in decreased export of the flagellar hook-associated proteins (HAPs) FlgK and FlgL, thus reducing efficiency of flagellum assembly. Studies in S. typhimurium show that FlgN binds to the carboxy-terminal helices of FlgK and FlgL, and that the similar FliT protein binds to the carboxyl terminus of the flagellar cap protein, FliD (HAP2). The data indicate that FlgN and FliT are substrate-specific chaperones that facilitate HAP export.
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Fraser, G.M.1
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Macnab RM: Flagella and motility. In Escherichia coli and Salmonella Typhimurium: Cellular and Molecular Biology, vol 1, edn 2. Edited by Neidhardt FC, Curtiss R III, Ingraham JL, Lin ECC, Low KB et al. Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology; 1996:123-145.
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A regulator of the flagellar regulon of Escherichia coli, flhD, also affects cell division
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Pruß B.M., Matsumura P. A regulator of the flagellar regulon of Escherichia coli, flhD, also affects cell division. J Bacteriol. 178:1996;668-674.
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The Escherichia coli flagellar transcriptional activator flhD regulates cell division through induction of the acid response gene cadA
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Pruß B.M., Maekovic D., Matsumura P. The Escherichia coli flagellar transcriptional activator flhD regulates cell division through induction of the acid response gene cadA. J Bacteriol. 179:1997;3818-3821.
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Gottesman S. Regulation by proteolysis: developmental switches. Curr Opin Microbiol. 2:1999;142-147.
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Stewart B.L., Enos-Berlage J.L., McCarter L. The lonS gene regulates swarmer cell differentiation of Vibrio parahaemolyticus. J Bacteriol. 179:1997;107-114.
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Novel genes that upregulate the Proteus mirabilis flhDC master operon controlling flagellar biogenesis and swarming
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This paper reports the isolation and characterisation of the P. mirabilis umoA, umoB, umoC and umoD genes, which upregulate expression of the flhDC flagellar master operon when present in trans and multicopy. Mutations in the chromosomal umo genes reduce swarming differentiation and decrease expression of flhDC. The umoB and umoC transcripts are rare, but umoA and umoD are upregulated during differentiation in parallel with flhDC. UmoB and UmoD are similar to the predicted products of the E. coli uncharacterised open reading frames yrfF and ycfJ, respectively; UmoA and UmoC have no known homologues. All four Umo proteins are predicted to localise to the cell envelope.
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Dufour A., Furness R.B., Hughes C. Novel genes that upregulate the Proteus mirabilis flhDC master operon controlling flagellar biogenesis and swarming. Mol Microbiol. 29:1998;741-751. This paper reports the isolation and characterisation of the P. mirabilis umoA, umoB, umoC and umoD genes, which upregulate expression of the flhDC flagellar master operon when present in trans and multicopy. Mutations in the chromosomal umo genes reduce swarming differentiation and decrease expression of flhDC. The umoB and umoC transcripts are rare, but umoA and umoD are upregulated during differentiation in parallel with flhDC. UmoB and UmoD are similar to the predicted products of the E. coli uncharacterised open reading frames yrfF and ycfJ, respectively; UmoA and UmoC have no known homologues. All four Umo proteins are predicted to localise to the cell envelope.
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(1998)
Mol Microbiol
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Dufour, A.1
Furness, R.B.2
Hughes, C.3
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Structure, assembly and regulation of expression of capsules in Escherichia coli
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Whitfield C., Roberts I.S. Structure, assembly and regulation of expression of capsules in Escherichia coli. Mol Microbiol. 31:1999;1307-1319.
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In search of higher energy: Metabolism-dependent behaviour in bacteria
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Taylor B.L., Zhulin I.B. In search of higher energy: metabolism-dependent behaviour in bacteria. Mol Microbiol. 28:1998;683-690.
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Taylor, B.L.1
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