Inorganic polyphosphate in Escherichia coli: The phosphate regulon and the stringent response

Journal of Bacteriology

Volumn 180, Issue 8, 1998, Pages 2186-2193

  Rao, Narayana N ^a   Liu, Shengjiang ^a,c   Kornberg, Arthur ^a,b  

^a STANFORD UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b STANFORD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c GENENTECH INC   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

NUCLEOTIDE; PHOSPHATE;

ANION EXCHANGE; ARTICLE; BINDING SITE; DRUG ACCUMULATION; ESCHERICHIA COLI; NONHUMAN; NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE; PHENOTYPE; PHOSPHATE DEFICIENCY; PHOSPHATE METABOLISM; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REGULATOR GENE; REGULON; STRESS;

ESCHERICHIA COLI; NEGIBACTERIA;

EID: 0031900201     PISSN: 00219193     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1128/jb.180.8.2186-2193.1998     Document Type: Article

References (42)

1. Akiyama, M., E. Crooke, and A. Kornberg. 1992. The polyphosphate kinase gene of Escherichia coli: isolation and sequence of the ppk gene and membrane location of the protein. J. Biol. Chem. 267:22556-22561.
2. Bracha, M., and E. Yagil. 1973. A new type of alkaline phosphatase-negative mutants in Escherichia coli K12. Mol. Gen. Genet. 122:53-60.
3. Cashel, M. 1969. The control of ribonucleic acid synthesis in Escherichia coli. IV. Relevance of unusual phosphorylated compounds from amino acid starved stringent strains. J. Biol. Chem. 244:3133-3141.
4. Casbel, M., D. R. Gentry, V. J. Heraandez, and D. Vinella. 1996. The stringent response, p. 1458-1496. In F. C. Neidhardt, R. Curtiss III, J. L. Ingraham, E. C. C. Lin, K. B. Low, B. Magasanik, W. S. Reznikoff, M. Riley, M. Schaechter, and H. E. Umbarger (ed.), Escherichia coli and Salmonella: cellular and molecular biology. American Society for Microbiology, Washington, D.C.
5. Castuma, C. E., R. Huang, A. Kornberg, and R. N. Reusch. 1995. Inorganic polyphosphates in the acquisition of competence in Escherichia coli. J. Biol. Chem. 270:12980-12983.
6. Chapman, A. G., and D. E. Atkinson. 1977. Adenine nucleotide concentrations and turnover rates. Their correlation with biological activity in bacteria and yeast. Adv. Microb. Physiol. 15:253-306.
7. Crooke, E., M. Akiyama, N. N. Rao, and A. Kornberg. 1994. Genetically altered levels of inorganic polyphosphate in Escherichia coli. J. Biol. Chem. 269:6290-6295.
8. Elvin, C. M., C. M. Hardy, and H. Rosenberg. 1987. Molecular studies on the phosphate inorganic transport system of Escherichia coli, p. 156-158. In A. Torriani-Gorini, F. G. Rothman, S. Silver, A. Wright, and E. Yagil (ed.), Phosphate metabolism and cellular regulation in microorganisms. American Society for Microbiology, Washington, D.C.
9. Gentry, D. R., and M. Cashel. 1996. Mutational analysis of the Escherichia coli spoT gene identifies distinct but overlapping regions involved in ppGpp synthesis and degradation. Mol. Microbiol. 19:1371-1384.
10. s is positively regulated by ppGpp. J. Bacteriol. 175:7982-7989.
11. Hernandez, F. J., and H. Bremer. 1991. Escherichia coli ppGpp synthetase II activity requires spoT. J. Biol. Chem. 264:5991-5999.
12. Hill, C. W., and B. W. Harnish. 1981. Inversions between ribosomal RNA genes of Escherichia coli. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 78:7069-7072.
13. Irr, J. D. 1972. Control of nucleotide metabolism and ribosomal ribonucleic acid synthesis during nitrogen starvation of Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 110:554-561.
14. Koch, J. P., S. I. Hayashi, and E. C. C. Lin. 1964. The control of dissimilation of glycerol and L-α-glycerophosphate in Escherichia coli. J. Biol. Chem. 239:3106-3108.
15. Kornberg, A. 1995. Inorganic polyphosphate: toward making a forgotten polymer unforgettable. J. Bacteriol. 177:491-496.
16. Kulaev, I. S., and V. M. Vegabov. 1983. Polyphosphate metabolism in microorganisms. Adv. Microbiol. 15:731-738.
17. Kumble, K. D., and A. Kornberg. 1995. Inorganic polyphosphate in mammalian cells and tissues. J. Biol. Chem. 270:5818-5822.
18. Kuroda, A., H. Murphy, M. Cashel, and A. Kornberg. 1997. Guanosine tetra- and pentaphosphate promote accumulation of inorganic polyphosphate in Escherichia coli. J. Biol. Chem. 272:21240-21243.
19. Lazzarini, R. A., M. Cashel, and J. Gallant. 1971. On the regulation of guanosine tetraphosphate levels in stringent and relaxed strains. J. Biol. Chem. 246:4381-4385.
20. Lowry, O. H., N. J. Rosebrough, A. L. Farr, and R. J. Randall. 1951. Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent. J. Biol. Chem. 193:267-275.
21. Ludke, D., J. Bernstein, C. Hamilton, and A. Torriani. 1984. Identification of the phoM gene product and its regulation in Escherichia coli K-12. J. Bacteriol. 159:19-25.
22. Makino, K., H. Shinagawa, M. Amemura, and A. Nakata. 1986. Nucleotide sequence of the phoB gene, the positive regulatory gene for the phosphate regulon of Escherichia coli K12. J. Mol. Biol. 190:37-44.
23. Makino, K., H. Shinagawa, M. Amemura, T. Kawamoto, M. Yamada, and A. Nakata. 1989. Signal transduction in the phosphate regulon of Escherichia coli involves phosphotransfer between PhoR and PhoB proteins. J. Mol. Biol. 210:551-559.
24. Miller, J. H. 1972. Experiments in molecular genetics. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, N. Y.
25. Neidhardt, F. C., P. L. Block, and D. F. Smith. 1974. Culture media for enterobacteria. J. Bacteriol. 119:736-747.
26. Park, S. J., and A. Kornberg. Unpublished results.
27. Parkinson, J. S. 1993. Signal transduction schemes of bacteria. Cell 73:857-871.
28. Rao, N. N., and A. Kornberg. Unpublished results.
29. Rao, N. N., and A. Kornberg. 1996. Inorganic polyphosphate supports resistance and survival of stationary-phase Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 178: 1394-1400.
30. Sarubbi, R., K. E. Rudd, and M. Cashel. 1988. Basal ppGpp level adjustments shown by new spoT mutants affect steady state growth rates and rrnA ribosomal promoter regulation in Escherichia coli. Mol. Gen. Genet. 213: 214-222.
31. Sarubbi, E., K. E. Rudd, H. Xiao, K. Ikehara, M. Kalman, and M. Cashel. 1989. Characterization of the spoT gene of Escherichia coli. J. Biol. Chem. 264:15074-15082.
32. Shiba, T., K. Tsutsumi, H. Yano, Y. Ihara, A. Kameda, K. Tanaka, H. Takahashi, M. Munekata, N. N. Rao, and A. Kornberg. 1997. Inorganic polyphosphate and induction of rpoS expression. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94:11210-11215.
33. Shinagawa, H., K. Makino, M. Amemura, and A. Nakata. 1987. Structure and function of the regulatory genes for the phosphate regulon in Escherichia coli, p. 20-25. In A. Torriani-Gorini, F. G. Rothman, S. Silver, A. Wright, and E. Yagil (ed.), Phosphate metabolism and cellular regulation in microorganisms. American Society for Microbiology, Washington, D.C.
34. i. J. Bacteriol. 177:4053-4058.
35. Svitil, A. L., M. Cashel, and J. W. Zyskind. 1993. Guanosine tetraphosphate inhibits protein synthesis in vivo. A possible protective mechanism for starvation stress in Escherichia coli. J. Biol. Chem. 268:2307-2311.
36. Torriani-Gorini, A. 1994. Introduction: the Pho regulon of Escherichia coli, p. 1-4. In A. Torriani-Gorini, E. Yagil, and S. Silver (ed.), Phosphate in microorganisms: cellular and molecular biology. American Society for Microbiology, Washington, D.C.
37. Wanner, B. L. 1995. Signal transduction and cross regulation in the Escherichia coli phosphate regulon by PhoR, CreC, and acetyl phosphate, p. 203-221. In J. A. Hoch and T. J. Silhavy (ed.), Two-component signal transduction. ASM Press, Washington, D.C.
38. i sensor PhoR, the catabolite regulatory sensor CreC, and acetyl phosphate, p. 13-21. In A. Torriani-Gorini, E. Yagil, and S. Silver (ed.), Phosphate in microorganisms: cellular and molecular biology. American Society for Microbiology, Washington, D.C.
39. Wanner, B. L. 1996. Phosphorus assimilation and control of the phosphate regulon, p. 1357-1381. In F. C. Neidhardt, R. Curtiss III, J. L. Ingraham, E. C. C. Lin, K. B. Low, B. Magasanik, W. S. Reznikoff, M. Riley, M. Schaechter, and H. E. Umbarger (ed.), Escherichia coli and Salmonella: cellular and molecular biology. American Society for Microbiology, Washington, D.C.
40. Wood, H. G., and J. E. Clark. 1988. Biological aspects of inorganic polyphosphates. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 57:235-260.
41. Wurst, H., T. Shiba, and A. Kornberg. 1995. The gene for a major exopolyphosphatase of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J. Bacteriol. 177:898-906.
42. Xiao, H., M. Kaiman, K. Ikehara, S. Zemel, G. Glaser, and M. Cashel. 1991. Residual guanosine 3',5'-bispyrophosphate synthetic activity of relA null mutants can be eliminated by spoT null mutations. J. Biol. Chem. 266:5980-5990.