메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 54, Issue 3, 1999, Pages 167-180

Brain size is not correlated with forelimb dexterity in fissiped carnivores (Carnivora): A comparative test of the principle of proper mass

Author keywords

Brain size; Carnivora; Dexterity; Forelimb; Independent contrasts; Isocortex

Indexed keywords

ANIMAL BEHAVIOR; ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ARTICLE; BRAIN CORTEX; BRAIN SIZE; CARNIVORE; CONTROLLED STUDY; ECOLOGY; EVOLUTION; FORELIMB; LIMB MOVEMENT; MAMMAL; MOTOR COORDINATION; NERVE CELL PLASTICITY; NONHUMAN; PHYLOGENY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SEAL; SPECIES DIFFERENCE;

EID: 0032733726     PISSN: 00068977     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1159/000006621     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (34)

References (86)
  • 1
    • 0029685738 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does bigger mean better? Evolutionary determinants of brain size and structure
    • Aboitiz, F. (1996) Does bigger mean better? Evolutionary determinants of brain size and structure. Brain Behav. Evol., 47: 225-245.
    • (1996) Brain Behav. Evol. , vol.47 , pp. 225-245
    • Aboitiz, F.1
  • 2
    • 0025207342 scopus 로고
    • Comparative fine structure of action: Rules of form and sequence in the grooming patterns of six rodent species
    • Berridge, K.C. (1990) Comparative fine structure of action: rules of form and sequence in the grooming patterns of six rodent species. Behav., 113: 21-56.
    • (1990) Behav. , vol.113 , pp. 21-56
    • Berridge, K.C.1
  • 3
    • 0031954138 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Eye, head and trunk control: The foundation for manual development
    • Bertenthal, B., and C. Von Hofsten (1998) Eye, head and trunk control: the foundation for manual development. Neurosci. Biobehav., Rev., 22: 515-520.
    • (1998) Neurosci. Biobehav., Rev. , vol.22 , pp. 515-520
    • Bertenthal, B.1    Von Hofsten, C.2
  • 4
    • 0032936412 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Building large phylogenies by combining phylogenetic information: A complete phylogeny of the extant carnivora (Mammalia)
    • in press
    • Bininda-Edmonds, O.R., J.L. Gittleman, and A. Purvis (1999) Building large phylogenies by combining phylogenetic information: a complete phylogeny of the extant carnivora (Mammalia). Biol. Rev. (in press).
    • (1999) Biol. Rev.
    • Bininda-Edmonds, O.R.1    Gittleman, J.L.2    Purvis, A.3
  • 5
    • 0031472113 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are comparative methods always necessary?
    • Bjorklund, M. (1997) Are comparative methods always necessary? Oikos. 80: 607-612.
    • (1997) Oikos , vol.80 , pp. 607-612
    • Bjorklund, M.1
  • 6
    • 0002656666 scopus 로고
    • Grasping techniques and hand preferences in hominoidea
    • (ed. by H. Preuschoft and D.J. Chivers), Springer, New York
    • Christel, M. (1993) Grasping techniques and hand preferences in hominoidea. In Hands of Primates (ed. by H. Preuschoft and D.J. Chivers), Springer, New York, pp. 91-108.
    • (1993) Hands of Primates , pp. 91-108
    • Christel, M.1
  • 7
    • 0031938445 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How precisely do bonobos (Pan paniscus) grasp small objects?
    • Christel, M.I., S. Kitzel, and C. Niemitz (1998) How precisely do bonobos (Pan paniscus) grasp small objects? Int. J. Primatol., 19: 165-194.
    • (1998) Int. J. Primatol. , vol.19 , pp. 165-194
    • Christel, M.I.1    Kitzel, S.2    Niemitz, C.3
  • 8
    • 0027764366 scopus 로고
    • Relations between song repertoire size and the volume of brain nuclei related to song: Comparative analyses amongst oscine birds
    • Devoogd, T.J., J.R. Krebs, S.D. Healy, and A. Purvis (1993) Relations between song repertoire size and the volume of brain nuclei related to song: comparative analyses amongst oscine birds. Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. Ser. B, 254: 75-82.
    • (1993) Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. Ser. B , vol.254 , pp. 75-82
    • Devoogd, T.J.1    Krebs, J.R.2    Healy, S.D.3    Purvis, A.4
  • 9
    • 0015310514 scopus 로고
    • Patterns of copulatory behavior in male mammals
    • Dewsbury, D.A. (1972) Patterns of copulatory behavior in male mammals. Quart. Rev. Biol., 47: 1-33.
    • (1972) Quart. Rev. Biol. , vol.47 , pp. 1-33
    • Dewsbury, D.A.1
  • 10
    • 0030336792 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Testing hypotheses of correlated evolution using phylogenetically independent contrasts: Sensitivity to deviations from Brownian motion
    • Diaz-Uriarte, R., and T. Garland, Jr. (1996) Testing hypotheses of correlated evolution using phylogenetically independent contrasts: sensitivity to deviations from Brownian motion. Syst. Biol., 45: 21-47.
    • (1996) Syst. Biol. , vol.45 , pp. 21-47
    • Diaz-Uriarte, R.1    Garland T., Jr.2
  • 11
    • 0032226106 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of branch length errors on the performance of phylogenetically independent contrasts
    • Diaz-Uriarte, R., and T. Garland. Jr. (1998) Effects of branch length errors on the performance of phylogenetically independent contrasts. Syst. Biol., 47: 654-672.
    • (1998) Syst. Biol. , vol.47 , pp. 654-672
    • Diaz-Uriarte, R.1    Garland T., Jr.2
  • 12
    • 0031543839 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Systematics of mustelid-like carnivores
    • Dragoo, J.W., and R.L. Honeycutt (1997) Systematics of mustelid-like carnivores. J. Mammal., 78: 426-443.
    • (1997) J. Mammal. , vol.78 , pp. 426-443
    • Dragoo, J.W.1    Honeycutt, R.L.2
  • 13
    • 0031826367 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neocortex size predicts groups size in carnivores and some insectivores
    • Dunbar, R.I.M., and J. Bever (1998) Neocortex size predicts groups size in carnivores and some insectivores. Ethol., 104: 695-708.
    • (1998) Ethol , vol.104 , pp. 695-708
    • Dunbar, R.I.M.1    Bever, J.2
  • 17
    • 0015266623 scopus 로고
    • The phylogenesis of predatory behavior in mammals
    • Eisenberg, J.F., and P. Leyhausen (1972) The phylogenesis of predatory behavior in mammals. Z. Tierpsychol., 30: 59-93.
    • (1972) Z. Tierpsychol. , vol.30 , pp. 59-93
    • Eisenberg, J.F.1    Leyhausen, P.2
  • 18
    • 0022203256 scopus 로고
    • Phylogenies and the comparative method
    • Felsenstein, J. (1985) Phylogenies and the comparative method. Am. Nat., 125: 1-15.
    • (1985) Am. Nat. , vol.125 , pp. 1-15
    • Felsenstein, J.1
  • 19
    • 0029057882 scopus 로고
    • Linked regularities in the development and evolution of mammalian brains
    • Finlay, B.L., and R.B. Darlington (1995) Linked regularities in the development and evolution of mammalian brains. Science, 268: 1578-1584.
    • (1995) Science , vol.268 , pp. 1578-1584
    • Finlay, B.L.1    Darlington, R.B.2
  • 20
    • 12044255022 scopus 로고
    • Phylogenetic analysis of covariance by computer simulation
    • Garland, T., Jr., A.W. Dickerman, C.M. Janis, and J.A. Jones (1993) Phylogenetic analysis of covariance by computer simulation. Syst. Biol., 42: 265-292.
    • (1993) Syst. Biol. , vol.42 , pp. 265-292
    • Garland T., Jr.1    Dickerman, A.W.2    Janis, C.M.3    Jones, J.A.4
  • 21
    • 11944256302 scopus 로고
    • Procedures for the analysis of comparative data using phylogenetically independent contrasts
    • Garland, T., Jr., P.H. Harvey, and A.R. Ives (1992) Procedures for the analysis of comparative data using phylogenetically independent contrasts. Syst. Biol., 41: 18-32.
    • (1992) Syst. Biol. , vol.41 , pp. 18-32
    • Garland T., Jr.1    Harvey, P.H.2    Ives, A.R.3
  • 22
    • 0002262187 scopus 로고
    • Carnivore brain size, behavioral ecology, and phylogeny
    • Gittleman, J.L. (1986) Carnivore brain size, behavioral ecology, and phylogeny. J. Mammal., 67: 23-36.
    • (1986) J. Mammal. , vol.67 , pp. 23-36
    • Gittleman, J.L.1
  • 23
    • 0026310125 scopus 로고
    • Carnivore olfactory bulb size: Allometry, phylogeny and ecology
    • Gittleman, J.L. (1991) Carnivore olfactory bulb size: allometry, phylogeny and ecology. J. Zool., 225: 253-272.
    • (1991) J. Zool. , vol.225 , pp. 253-272
    • Gittleman, J.L.1
  • 24
    • 84971128456 scopus 로고
    • Implications of the 'initial brain' concept for brain evolution in Cetacea
    • Glezer, I.I., M.S. Jacobs, and P.J. Morgane (1988) Implications of the 'initial brain' concept for brain evolution in Cetacea. Behav. Brain Sci., 11: 75-116.
    • (1988) Behav. Brain Sci. , vol.11 , pp. 75-116
    • Glezer, I.I.1    Jacobs, M.S.2    Morgane, P.J.3
  • 25
    • 0001622485 scopus 로고
    • A brain that doesn't fit its skull: A comparative study of the brain and endocranium of the koala, Phascolarctos cinereus (Marsupialia: Phascolarctidae)
    • (ed. by M. Archer), Surrey Beatty and Sons, Sydney
    • Haight, J.R., and J.E. Nelson (1987) A brain that doesn't fit its skull: a comparative study of the brain and endocranium of the koala, Phascolarctos cinereus (Marsupialia: Phascolarctidae). In Possums and Opossums: Studies in Evolution (ed. by M. Archer), Surrey Beatty and Sons, Sydney, pp. 331-352.
    • (1987) Possums and Opossums: Studies in Evolution , pp. 331-352
    • Haight, J.R.1    Nelson, J.E.2
  • 27
    • 0016731416 scopus 로고
    • Variation in form of the pyramidal tract and its relationship to digital dexterity
    • Heffner, R.S., and R.B. Masterton (1975) Variation in form of the pyramidal tract and its relationship to digital dexterity. Brain Behav. Evol., 12: 161-200.
    • (1975) Brain Behav. Evol. , vol.12 , pp. 161-200
    • Heffner, R.S.1    Masterton, R.B.2
  • 28
    • 0021012697 scopus 로고
    • The role of the corticospinal tract in the evolution of human dexterity
    • Heffner, R.S., and R.B. Masterton (1983) The role of the corticospinal tract in the evolution of human dexterity. Brain Behav. Evol., 23: 165-183.
    • (1983) Brain Behav. Evol. , vol.23 , pp. 165-183
    • Heffner, R.S.1    Masterton, R.B.2
  • 29
    • 0002037818 scopus 로고
    • Aspects of the evolution and adaptation in American black bears (Ursus americanus Pallas) and brown and grizzly bears (U. arctos Linnes) of North America
    • (ed. by S. Herrero), IUCN Publications, Morges, Switzerland
    • Herrero, S.M. (1972) Aspects of the evolution and adaptation in American black bears (Ursus americanus Pallas) and brown and grizzly bears (U. arctos Linnes) of North America. In Bears, Their Biology and Management (ed. by S. Herrero), IUCN Publications, Morges, Switzerland, pp. 221-231.
    • (1972) Bears, Their Biology and Management , pp. 221-231
    • Herrero, S.M.1
  • 30
    • 0020427189 scopus 로고
    • Encephalization in mammals in relation to the size of the cerebral cortex
    • Hofman, M.A. (1982) Encephalization in mammals in relation to the size of the cerebral cortex. Brain Behav. Evol., 20: 84-96.
    • (1982) Brain Behav. Evol. , vol.20 , pp. 84-96
    • Hofman, M.A.1
  • 31
    • 0023689370 scopus 로고
    • Size and shape of the cerebral cortex in mammals. II. The cortical volume
    • Hofman, M.A. (1988) Size and shape of the cerebral cortex in mammals. II. The cortical volume. Brain Behav. Evol., 32: 17-26.
    • (1988) Brain Behav. Evol. , vol.32 , pp. 17-26
    • Hofman, M.A.1
  • 32
    • 0000110051 scopus 로고
    • Black bear, Ursus americanus, food habits in southwestern
    • Holcroft, A.C., and S. Herrero (1991) Black bear, Ursus americanus, food habits in southwestern Alberta. Can. Field-Nat., 105: 335-345.
    • (1991) Alberta. Can. Field-Nat. , vol.105 , pp. 335-345
    • Holcroft, A.C.1    Herrero, S.2
  • 33
    • 0001685406 scopus 로고
    • Relative brain size and behavior in archosaurian reptiles
    • Hopson, J.A. (1977) Relative brain size and behavior in archosaurian reptiles. Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst., 8: 429-448.
    • (1977) Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst. , vol.8 , pp. 429-448
    • Hopson, J.A.1
  • 34
    • 0033558159 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How skilled are the skilled limb movements of the raccoon (Procyon lotor)?
    • Iwaniuk, A.N., and I.Q. Whishaw (1999) How skilled are the skilled limb movements of the raccoon (Procyon lotor)? Behav. Brain Res., 99: 35-44.
    • (1999) Behav. Brain Res. , vol.99 , pp. 35-44
    • Iwaniuk, A.N.1    Whishaw, I.Q.2
  • 35
    • 0032909588 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is dexterity really related to corticospinal projections?: A re-analysis of the Heffner and Masterton data set using modern comparative statistics
    • Iwaniuk, A.N., S.M. Pellis, and I.Q. Whishaw (1999) Is dexterity really related to corticospinal projections?: a re-analysis of the Heffner and Masterton data set using modern comparative statistics. Behav. Brain Res., 101: 173-187.
    • (1999) Behav. Brain Res. , vol.101 , pp. 173-187
    • Iwaniuk, A.N.1    Pellis, S.M.2    Whishaw, I.Q.3
  • 36
    • 0031648718 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reaching, grasping and manipulation of food objects by two tree kangaroo species, Dendrolagus lumholtzi and Dendrolagus matschiei
    • Iwaniuk, A.N., J.E. Nelson, T.L. Ivanco, S.M. Pellis, and I.Q. Whishaw (1998) Reaching, grasping and manipulation of food objects by two tree kangaroo species, Dendrolagus lumholtzi and Dendrolagus matschiei. Aust. J. Zool., 46: 235-248.
    • (1998) Aust. J. Zool. , vol.46 , pp. 235-248
    • Iwaniuk, A.N.1    Nelson, J.E.2    Ivanco, T.L.3    Pellis, S.M.4    Whishaw, I.Q.5
  • 38
    • 0345654530 scopus 로고
    • The brain of the lesser panda Ailurus fulgens: A quantitative approach
    • Kamiya, T., and P. Pirlot (1987) The brain of the lesser panda Ailurus fulgens: a quantitative approach. Z. Zoo. Syst. Evolutionsforsch., 26: 65-72.
    • (1987) Z. Zoo. Syst. Evolutionsforsch. , vol.26 , pp. 65-72
    • Kamiya, T.1    Pirlot, P.2
  • 39
    • 0000163237 scopus 로고
    • Anatomy of the descending pathwas
    • (ed. by J.M. Brookhart, V.B. Mountcastle, V.B. Brooks, and S.R. Geiger). Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore
    • Kuypers, H.G.J.M. (1981) Anatomy of the descending pathwas. In Handbook of Physiology, Section I: The Nervous System. Motor Control, Part 1, Vol. II (ed. by J.M. Brookhart, V.B. Mountcastle, V.B. Brooks, and S.R. Geiger). Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, pp. 597-666.
    • (1981) Handbook of Physiology, Section I: The Nervous System. Motor Control , vol.2 , Issue.PART 1 , pp. 597-666
    • Kuypers, H.G.J.M.1
  • 40
    • 0030472358 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phylogenetic relationships within caniform carnivores based on analyses of the mitochondrial 12S rRNA genes
    • Ledje, C., and U. Arnason (1996) Phylogenetic relationships within caniform carnivores based on analyses of the mitochondrial 12S rRNA genes. J. Mol. Evol., 43: 641-649.
    • (1996) J. Mol. Evol. , vol.43 , pp. 641-649
    • Ledje, C.1    Arnason, U.2
  • 41
  • 42
    • 0029183272 scopus 로고
    • Matching behavioral evolution to brain morphology
    • Legendre, P., and F.-J. Lapinte (1995) Matching behavioral evolution to brain morphology. Brain Behav. Evol., 45: 110-121.
    • (1995) Brain Behav. Evol. , vol.45 , pp. 110-121
    • Legendre, P.1    Lapinte, F.-J.2
  • 43
    • 0001271050 scopus 로고
    • Modeling brain evolution from behavior: A permutational regression approach
    • Legendre, P., F.-J. Lapointe, and P. Casgrain (1994) Modeling brain evolution from behavior: a permutational regression approach. Evol., 48: 1487-1499.
    • (1994) Evol. , vol.48 , pp. 1487-1499
    • Legendre, P.1    Lapointe, F.-J.2    Casgrain, P.3
  • 46
    • 0031055667 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relationship between gestation length, encephalization, and body weight in odontocetes
    • Marino, L. (1997) The relationship between gestation length, encephalization, and body weight in odontocetes. Mar. Mamm. Sci., 13: 133-138.
    • (1997) Mar. Mamm. Sci. , vol.13 , pp. 133-138
    • Marino, L.1
  • 47
    • 0001093131 scopus 로고
    • Brain size allometry: Ontogeny and phylogeny
    • (ed. by W.L. Jungers). Plenum Press, New York
    • Martin, R.D., and P.H. Harvey (1985) Brain size allometry: ontogeny and phylogeny. In Size and Scaling in Primate Biology (ed. by W.L. Jungers). Plenum Press, New York, pp. 147-174.
    • (1985) Size and Scaling in Primate Biology , pp. 147-174
    • Martin, R.D.1    Harvey, P.H.2
  • 48
    • 0026054313 scopus 로고
    • Phylogenetic analyses of the correlated evolution of continuous characters: A simulation study
    • Martins, E.P., and T. Garland, Jr. (1991) Phylogenetic analyses of the correlated evolution of continuous characters: a simulation study. Evol., 45: 534-557.
    • (1991) Evol. , vol.45 , pp. 534-557
    • Martins, E.P.1    Garland T., Jr.2
  • 49
    • 0001380983 scopus 로고
    • Brain size and its relation to the rate of metabolism in mammals
    • McNab, B.K., and J.F. Eisenberg (1989) Brain size and its relation to the rate of metabolism in mammals. Am. Nat., 133: 157-167.
    • (1989) Am. Nat. , vol.133 , pp. 157-167
    • McNab, B.K.1    Eisenberg, J.F.2
  • 50
    • 0004587951 scopus 로고
    • Relative brain size within the North American Sciuridae
    • Meier, P.T. (1983) Relative brain size within the North American Sciuridae. J. Mamm., 64: 642-647.
    • (1983) J. Mamm. , vol.64 , pp. 642-647
    • Meier, P.T.1
  • 51
    • 0025315197 scopus 로고
    • Descending pathways to the spinal cord, IV: Some factors related to the amount of cortex devoted to the corticospinal tract
    • Nudo, R.J., and R.B. Masterton (1990) Descending pathways to the spinal cord, IV: some factors related to the amount of cortex devoted to the corticospinal tract. J. Comp. Neurol., 296: 584-597.
    • (1990) J. Comp. Neurol. , vol.296 , pp. 584-597
    • Nudo, R.J.1    Masterton, R.B.2
  • 52
    • 0024254437 scopus 로고
    • The taxon-level problem in the evolution of mammalian brain size: Facts and artifacts
    • Pagel, M.D., and P.H. Harvey (1988) The taxon-level problem in the evolution of mammalian brain size: facts and artifacts. Am. Nat., 132: 344-359.
    • (1988) Am. Nat. , vol.132 , pp. 344-359
    • Pagel, M.D.1    Harvey, P.H.2
  • 53
    • 0040710925 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neocortex size, social skill and mating success in primates
    • Pawlowski, B., C.B. Lowen, and R.I.M. Dunbar (1998) Neocortex size, social skill and mating success in primates. Behav., 135: 357-368.
    • (1998) Behav. , vol.135 , pp. 357-368
    • Pawlowski, B.1    Lowen, C.B.2    Dunbar, R.I.M.3
  • 54
    • 0032813823 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The roles of phylogeny and sociality in the evolution of social play in muroid rodents
    • in press
    • Pellis, S.M. and A.N. Iwaniuk (1999) The roles of phylogeny and sociality in the evolution of social play in muroid rodents. Anim. Behav. (in press).
    • (1999) Anim. Behav.
    • Pellis, S.M.1    Iwaniuk, A.N.2
  • 55
    • 0002702807 scopus 로고
    • The paucity of social play in juvenile Mus domesticus: What is missing from the behavioural repertoire?
    • Pellis, S.M., V.C. Pellis, C.J. Manning, and D.A. Dewsbury (1991) The paucity of social play in juvenile Mus domesticus: what is missing from the behavioural repertoire? Anim. Behav., 42: 686-687.
    • (1991) Anim. Behav. , vol.42 , pp. 686-687
    • Pellis, S.M.1    Pellis, V.C.2    Manning, C.J.3    Dewsbury, D.A.4
  • 56
    • 0014274319 scopus 로고
    • Corticospinal fibers in New World and Old World simians
    • Petras, J.M. (1968) Corticospinal fibers in New World and Old World simians. Brain Res., 8: 206-208.
    • (1968) Brain Res. , vol.8 , pp. 206-208
    • Petras, J.M.1
  • 57
    • 0013982948 scopus 로고
    • Corticospinal fibers in the raccoon
    • Petras, J.M., and R.A.W. Lehman (1966) Corticospinal fibers in the raccoon. Brain Res., 3: 195-197.
    • (1966) Brain Res. , vol.3 , pp. 195-197
    • Petras, J.M.1    Lehman, R.A.W.2
  • 58
    • 0019575748 scopus 로고
    • A quantitative approach to the marsupial brain in an eco-ethological perspective
    • Pirlot, P. (1981) A quantitative approach to the marsupial brain in an eco-ethological perspective. Rev. Can. Biol., 40: 229-250.
    • (1981) Rev. Can. Biol. , vol.40 , pp. 229-250
    • Pirlot, P.1
  • 59
    • 0021946394 scopus 로고
    • Quantitative morphology of the panda brain in comparison with the brains of the raccoon and the bear
    • Pirlot, P., and S.S. Jiao (1985) Quantitative morphology of the panda brain in comparison with the brains of the raccoon and the bear. J. Hirnforsch., 226: 17-22.
    • (1985) J. Hirnforsch. , vol.226 , pp. 17-22
    • Pirlot, P.1    Jiao, S.S.2
  • 60
    • 0000328826 scopus 로고
    • Encephalization in Chiroptera
    • Pirlot, P., and J. Stephan (1970) Encephalization in Chiroptera. Can. J. Zool., 48: 433-444.
    • (1970) Can. J. Zool. , vol.48 , pp. 433-444
    • Pirlot, P.1    Stephan, J.2
  • 61
    • 0002229388 scopus 로고
    • An investigation of playful behaviour in Rattus norvegicus and Mus musculus (Mammalia)
    • Poole, T.B., and J. Fish (1975) An investigation of playful behaviour in Rattus norvegicus and Mus musculus (Mammalia). J. Zool., 175: 61-71.
    • (1975) J. Zool. , vol.175 , pp. 61-71
    • Poole, T.B.1    Fish, J.2
  • 62
    • 0031589930 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Correlated evolution and independent contrasts
    • Price, T. (1997) Correlated evolution and independent contrasts. Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. Lond. B, 352: 519-529.
    • (1997) Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. Lond. B , vol.352 , pp. 519-529
    • Price, T.1
  • 63
    • 0029007587 scopus 로고
    • Comparative analysis by idependent contrasts (CAIC): An Apple Macintosh application for analysing comparative data
    • Purvis, A., and A. Rambaut (1995) Comparative analysis by idependent contrasts (CAIC): an Apple Macintosh application for analysing comparative data. Comp. Appl. Biosci., II: 247-251.
    • (1995) Comp. Appl. Biosci. , vol.2 , pp. 247-251
    • Purvis, A.1    Rambaut, A.2
  • 64
    • 0028161482 scopus 로고
    • Truth or consequences: Effects of phylogenetic accuracy on two comparative methods
    • Purvis, A., J.L. Gittleman, and H.-K. Luh (1994) Truth or consequences: effects of phylogenetic accuracy on two comparative methods. J. Theor. Biol., 167: 293-300.
    • (1994) J. Theor. Biol. , vol.167 , pp. 293-300
    • Purvis, A.1    Gittleman, J.L.2    Luh, H.-K.3
  • 65
    • 0015865106 scopus 로고
    • Are stink badgers skund? Implications ot neuroanatomy for mustelid phylogeny
    • Radinsky, L. (1973) Are stink badgers skund? Implications ot neuroanatomy for mustelid phylogeny. J. Mammal., 54: 585-593.
    • (1973) J. Mammal. , vol.54 , pp. 585-593
    • Radinsky, L.1
  • 66
    • 0030482765 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Application of phylogenetically independent contrasts: A mixed progress report
    • Ricklefs, R.E., and S.M. Starck (1996) Application of phylogenetically independent contrasts: a mixed progress report. Oikos. 77: 167-172.
    • (1996) Oikos , vol.77 , pp. 167-172
    • Ricklefs, R.E.1    Starck, S.M.2
  • 67
    • 0345654523 scopus 로고
    • Cerebral indices and behavioral differences
    • (ed. by M.E. Hahn, C. Jensen, and B.C. Dudek), Academic Press, New York
    • Riddell, W.I. (1979) Cerebral indices and behavioral differences. In Development and Evolution of Brain Size: Behavioral Implications (ed. by M.E. Hahn, C. Jensen, and B.C. Dudek), Academic Press, New York, pp. 89-109.
    • (1979) Development and Evolution of Brain Size: Behavioral Implications , pp. 89-109
    • Riddell, W.I.1
  • 68
    • 0344359957 scopus 로고
    • Cephalisation bei feliden
    • Rohrs, M. (1985) Cephalisation bei Feliden. Z. Säugetier., 50: 234-239.
    • (1985) Z. Säugetier. , vol.50 , pp. 234-239
    • Rohrs, M.1
  • 69
    • 0004369259 scopus 로고
    • Cephalisation. Telencephalisation und neocorticalisation bei mustelidae
    • Rohrs, M. (1986a) Cephalisation. Telencephalisation und Neocorticalisation bei Mustelidae. Z. Zoo. Syst. Evolutionsforsch., 24: 157-166.
    • (1986) Z. Zoo. Syst. Evolutionsforsch. , vol.24 , pp. 157-166
    • Rohrs, M.1
  • 71
    • 0004424243 scopus 로고
    • Cephalisation bei Viverridae, Hyaenidae, Protyonidae und Ursidae
    • Rohrs, M., P. Ebinger, and J. Weidemann (1989) Cephalisation bei Viverridae, Hyaenidae, Protyonidae und Ursidae. Z. Zool. Syst. Evolutionsforsch., 27: 169-180.
    • (1989) Z. Zool. Syst. Evolutionsforsch. , vol.27 , pp. 169-180
    • Rohrs, M.1    Ebinger, P.2    Weidemann, J.3
  • 73
    • 0003982476 scopus 로고
    • University of Chicago Press, Chicago
    • Schaller, G.S. (1972) The Serengeti Lion. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
    • (1972) The Serengeti Lion
    • Schaller, G.S.1
  • 74
    • 0001912211 scopus 로고
    • The feeding ecology and gianl pandas and Asiatic black bears in the Tangjiahe Reserve, China
    • (ed. by J.L. Gittleman), Cornell University Press, Ithaca
    • Schaller, G.S., T. Qitao, K.G. Johnson, W. Xiaoming, S. Heming, and H. Jinchu (1989) The feeding ecology and gianl pandas and Asiatic black bears in the Tangjiahe Reserve, China. In Carnivore Behavior. Ecology and Evolution. Vol. 1 (ed. by J.L. Gittleman), Cornell University Press, Ithaca, pp. 212-241.
    • (1989) Carnivore Behavior. Ecology and Evolution , vol.1 , pp. 212-241
    • Schaller, G.S.1    Qitao, T.2    Johnson, K.G.3    Xiaoming, W.4    Heming, S.5    Jinchu, H.6
  • 75
    • 0029802444 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Morphology of single axons of tectospinal and reticulospinal neurons in the upper cervical spinal cord
    • Shinoda, Y., S. Kakei, and N. Muto (1996) Morphology of single axons of tectospinal and reticulospinal neurons in the upper cervical spinal cord. Prog. Brain Res., 112: 71-84.
    • (1996) Prog. Brain Res. , vol.112 , pp. 71-84
    • Shinoda, Y.1    Kakei, S.2    Muto, N.3
  • 76
    • 0029950612 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolutionary changes in a song control area of the brain (HVC) are associated with evolutionary changes in song repertoire among European warblers (Sylviidae)
    • Szekely, T., C.K. Catchpole, A. Devoogd, Z. Marchl, and T.J. Devoogd (1996) Evolutionary changes in a song control area of the brain (HVC) are associated with evolutionary changes in song repertoire among European warblers (Sylviidae). Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B. 263: 607-610.
    • (1996) Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B. , vol.263 , pp. 607-610
    • Szekely, T.1    Catchpole, C.K.2    Devoogd, A.3    Marchl, Z.4    Devoogd, T.J.5
  • 77
    • 0030066430 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Feeding behavior in free-ranging, large African carnivores
    • Van Valkenburgh, B. (1996) Feeding behavior in free-ranging, large African carnivores. J. Mammal., 77: 240-254.
    • (1996) J. Mammal. , vol.77 , pp. 240-254
    • Van Valkenburgh, B.1
  • 78
    • 0028390944 scopus 로고
    • Higher level relationships of the arctoid carnivora based upon sequence data and 'total evidence'
    • Vrana, P.B., M.C. Milinkovitch, J.R. Powell, and W.C. Wheeler (1994) Higher level relationships of the arctoid carnivora based upon sequence data and 'total evidence'. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 3: 47-58.
    • (1994) Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. , vol.3 , pp. 47-58
    • Vrana, P.B.1    Milinkovitch, M.C.2    Powell, J.R.3    Wheeler, W.C.4
  • 81
    • 0001952548 scopus 로고
    • Comparative ethology of the large-spotted genet (Genetta tigrina) and some related viverrids
    • Wemmer, C.M. (1977) Comparative ethology of the large-spotted genet (Genetta tigrina) and some related viverrids. Smith. Contrib. Zool., 239: 1-93.
    • (1977) Smith. Contrib. Zool. , vol.239 , pp. 1-93
    • Wemmer, C.M.1
  • 82
    • 0025201875 scopus 로고
    • The structure of skilled forelimb reaching in the rat: A proximally driven movement with a single distal rotatory component
    • Whishaw, I.Q., and S.M. Pellis (1992) The structure of skilled forelimb reaching in the rat: a proximally driven movement with a single distal rotatory component. Behav. Brain Res., 41: 49-59.
    • (1992) Behav. Brain Res. , vol.41 , pp. 49-59
    • Whishaw, I.Q.1    Pellis, S.M.2
  • 83
    • 0002757823 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the reduction of dodging in mice: A comparison of food wrenching and dodging in rats (Rattus norvegicus) and mice (Mus musculus)
    • Whishaw, I.Q., A.T. DuBois, and E.F. Field (1998a) On the reduction of dodging in mice: a comparison of food wrenching and dodging in rats (Rattus norvegicus) and mice (Mus musculus). J. Comp. Psychol., 112: 383-388.
    • (1998) J. Comp. Psychol. , vol.112 , pp. 383-388
    • Whishaw, I.Q.1    DuBois, A.T.2    Field, E.F.3
  • 84
    • 0032212363 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rodent-typical and species-specific limb use in eating: Evidence for specialized paw use from a comparative analysis of ten species
    • Whishaw, I.Q., J.R. Sarna, and S.M. Pellis (1998b) Rodent-typical and species-specific limb use in eating: evidence for specialized paw use from a comparative analysis of ten species. Behav. Brain Res., 96: 79-91.
    • (1998) Behav. Brain Res. , vol.96 , pp. 79-91
    • Whishaw, I.Q.1    Sarna, J.R.2    Pellis, S.M.3
  • 85
    • 0000765899 scopus 로고
    • Relative brain size in marine mammals
    • Worthy, G.A.J., and J.P. Hickie (1986) Relative brain size in marine mammals. Am. Nat., 128: 445-459.
    • (1986) Am. Nat. , vol.128 , pp. 445-459
    • Worthy, G.A.J.1    Hickie, J.P.2
  • 86
    • 0001661072 scopus 로고
    • Classification of the recent Carnivora
    • (ed. by J.L. Gittleman), Cornell University Press, Ithaca
    • Wozencraft, W.C. (1989) Classification of the recent Carnivora. In Carnivore Behavior, Ecology and Evolution, Vol. I (ed. by J.L. Gittleman), Cornell University Press, Ithaca, pp. 569-594.
    • (1989) Carnivore Behavior, Ecology and Evolution , vol.1 , pp. 569-594
    • Wozencraft, W.C.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.