메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 46, Issue 4, 1997, Pages 622-646

Molecular systematics of the Canidae

Author keywords

Canidae; Combined analysis; mtDNA; Phylogeny; South America; Trenchant heel

Indexed keywords

CANIDAE; CANIS; CANIS FAMILIARIS; CHRYSOCYON BRACHYURUS; SPEOTHOS VENATICUS;

EID: 0031389519     PISSN: 10635157     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2307/2413498     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (185)

References (85)
  • 2
    • 0026717198 scopus 로고
    • The complete mitochondrial DNA sequence of the harbor seal, Phoca vitulina
    • ARNASON, U., AND E. JOHNSSON. 1992. The complete mitochondrial DNA sequence of the harbor seal, Phoca vitulina. J. Mol. Evol. 34:493-505.
    • (1992) J. Mol. Evol. , vol.34 , pp. 493-505
    • Arnason, U.1    Johnsson, E.2
  • 4
    • 0009325716 scopus 로고
    • The Pleistocene bush dog, Speothos pacivorus (Canidae) from the Lagoa Santa Caves, Brazil
    • BERTA, A. 1984. The Pleistocene bush dog, Speothos pacivorus (Canidae) from the Lagoa Santa Caves, Brazil. J. Mammal. 65:549-559.
    • (1984) J. Mammal. , vol.65 , pp. 549-559
    • Berta, A.1
  • 5
    • 0023518196 scopus 로고
    • Origin, diversification, and zoogeography of the South American Canidae
    • BERTA, A. 1987. Origin, diversification, and zoogeography of the South American Canidae. Fieldiana Zool. 39:455-471.
    • (1987) Fieldiana Zool. , vol.39 , pp. 455-471
    • Berta, A.1
  • 6
    • 0003369067 scopus 로고
    • Quaternary evolution and biogeography of the large South American Canidae (Mammalia: Carnivora)
    • BERTA, A. 1988. Quaternary evolution and biogeography of the large South American Canidae (Mammalia: Carnivora). Univ. Calif. Publ. Geol. Sci. 132:1-149.
    • (1988) Univ. Calif. Publ. Geol. Sci. , vol.132 , pp. 1-149
    • Berta, A.1
  • 8
    • 0003078418 scopus 로고
    • A review of the family Canidae with a classification by numerical methods
    • CLUTTON-BROCK, J., G. B. CORBETT, AND M. HILLS. 1976. A review of the family Canidae with a classification by numerical methods. Bull. Br. Mus. Zool. 29:119-199.
    • (1976) Bull. Br. Mus. Zool. , vol.29 , pp. 119-199
    • Clutton-Brock, J.1    Corbett, G.B.2    Hills, M.3
  • 9
    • 0001546577 scopus 로고
    • Separate versus combined analysis of phylogenetic evidence
    • DE QUEIROZ, A., M. J. DONOGHUE, AND J. KIM. 1995. Separate versus combined analysis of phylogenetic evidence. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 26:657-681.
    • (1995) Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. , vol.26 , pp. 657-681
    • De Queiroz, A.1    Donoghue, M.J.2    Kim, J.3
  • 10
    • 0004261301 scopus 로고
    • Cornell Univ. Press, Ithaca, New York
    • EWER, R. F. 1973. The carnivores. Cornell Univ. Press, Ithaca, New York.
    • (1973) The Carnivores
    • Ewer, R.F.1
  • 11
    • 0024874825 scopus 로고
    • Homoplasy as pattern: Multivariate analysis of morphological convergence in Anseriformes
    • FAITH, D. P. 1989. Homoplasy as pattern: Multivariate analysis of morphological convergence in Anseriformes. Cladistics 5:235-258.
    • (1989) Cladistics , vol.5 , pp. 235-258
    • Faith, D.P.1
  • 13
    • 84959798530 scopus 로고
    • Cases in which parsimony and compatibility methods will be positively misleading
    • FELSENSTEIN, J. 1978. Cases in which parsimony and compatibility methods will be positively misleading. Syst. Zool. 27:401-410.
    • (1978) Syst. Zool. , vol.27 , pp. 401-410
    • Felsenstein, J.1
  • 14
    • 0000461280 scopus 로고
    • Confidence limits on phylogenies: An approach using the bootstrap
    • FELSENSTEIN, J. 1985. Confidence limits on phylogenies: An approach using the bootstrap. Evolution 39:783-791.
    • (1985) Evolution , vol.39 , pp. 783-791
    • Felsenstein, J.1
  • 19
    • 0000084234 scopus 로고
    • A framework for the quantitative study of evolutionary trees
    • HENDY, M. D., AND D. PENNY. 1989. A framework for the quantitative study of evolutionary trees. Syst. Zool. 38:297-309.
    • (1989) Syst. Zool. , vol.38 , pp. 297-309
    • Hendy, M.D.1    Penny, D.2
  • 20
    • 21144475766 scopus 로고
    • Spectral analysis of phylogenetic data
    • HENDY, M. D., AND D. PENNY. 1993. Spectral analysis of phylogenetic data. J. Classif. 10:5-24.
    • (1993) J. Classif. , vol.10 , pp. 5-24
    • Hendy, M.D.1    Penny, D.2
  • 21
    • 11944260381 scopus 로고
    • Approaches for assessing phylogenetic accuracy
    • HILLIS, D. M. 1995. Approaches for assessing phylogenetic accuracy. Syst. Biol. 44:3-16.
    • (1995) Syst. Biol. , vol.44 , pp. 3-16
    • Hillis, D.M.1
  • 22
    • 0027055554 scopus 로고
    • Signal, noise, and reliability in molecular phylogenetic analysis
    • HILLIS, D. M., AND J. P. HUELSENBECK. 1992. Signal, noise, and reliability in molecular phylogenetic analysis. J. Hered. 83:189-195.
    • (1992) J. Hered. , vol.83 , pp. 189-195
    • Hillis, D.M.1    Huelsenbeck, J.P.2
  • 23
    • 0028362880 scopus 로고
    • Application and accuracy of molecular phylogenetics
    • HILLIS, D. M., J. P. HUELSENBECK, AND C. W. CUNNINGHAM. 1994. Application and accuracy of molecular phylogenetics. Science 264:671-677.
    • (1994) Science , vol.264 , pp. 671-677
    • Hillis, D.M.1    Huelsenbeck, J.P.2    Cunningham, C.W.3
  • 24
    • 11944268967 scopus 로고
    • Performance of phylogenetic methods in simulation
    • HUELSENBECK, J. P. 1995. Performance of phylogenetic methods in simulation. Syst. Biol. 44:17-48.
    • (1995) Syst. Biol. , vol.44 , pp. 17-48
    • Huelsenbeck, J.P.1
  • 26
    • 12044255023 scopus 로고
    • Success of phylogenetic methods in the four-taxon case
    • HUELSENBECK, J. P., AND D. M. HILLIS. 1993. Success of phylogenetic methods in the four-taxon case. Syst. Biol. 42:247-264.
    • (1993) Syst. Biol. , vol.42 , pp. 247-264
    • Huelsenbeck, J.P.1    Hillis, D.M.2
  • 27
    • 0025764044 scopus 로고
    • Evolution of the cytochrome b gene of mammals
    • IRWIN, D. M., T. D. KOCHER, AND A. C. WILSON. 1991. Evolution of the cytochrome b gene of mammals. J. Mol. Evol. 32:128-144.
    • (1991) J. Mol. Evol. , vol.32 , pp. 128-144
    • Irwin, D.M.1    Kocher, T.D.2    Wilson, A.C.3
  • 30
    • 0028181246 scopus 로고
    • Reconstructing evolutionary trees from DNA and protein sequences: Paralinear distances
    • LAKE, J. A. 1994. Reconstructing evolutionary trees from DNA and protein sequences: Paralinear distances. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91:1455-1459.
    • (1994) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.91 , pp. 1455-1459
    • Lake, J.A.1
  • 31
    • 0039304382 scopus 로고
    • Die sudamerikanischen Canidae unter besonderer Berucksichtigung des Mahenwolfes Chrysocyon brachyurus Illiger
    • LANGGUTH, A. 1969. Die sudamerikanischen Canidae unter besonderer Berucksichtigung des Mahenwolfes Chrysocyon brachyurus Illiger. Z. Wiss. Zool. 179:1-88.
    • (1969) Z. Wiss. Zool. , vol.179 , pp. 1-88
    • Langguth, A.1
  • 32
  • 33
    • 0028891511 scopus 로고
    • Use of spectral analysis to test hypotheses on the origin of the pinnepeds
    • LENTO, G. M., R. E. HICKSON, G. F. CHAMBERS, AND D. PENNY. 1995. Use of spectral analysis to test hypotheses on the origin of the pinnepeds. Mol. Biol. Evol. 12:28-52.
    • (1995) Mol. Biol. Evol. , vol.12 , pp. 28-52
    • Lento, G.M.1    Hickson, R.E.2    Chambers, G.F.3    Penny, D.4
  • 34
    • 0028361182 scopus 로고
    • Recovering evolutionary trees under a more realistic model of sequence evolution
    • LOCKHART, P. J., M. A. STEEL, M. D. HENDY, AND D. PENNY. 1994. Recovering evolutionary trees under a more realistic model of sequence evolution. Mol. Biol. Evol. 11:605-612.
    • (1994) Mol. Biol. Evol. , vol.11 , pp. 605-612
    • Lockhart, P.J.1    Steel, M.A.2    Hendy, M.D.3    Penny, D.4
  • 36
    • 0025351249 scopus 로고
    • The fossil record and estimating divergence times between lineages: Maximum divergence times and the importance of reliable phylogenies
    • MARSHALL, C. R. 1990. The fossil record and estimating divergence times between lineages: Maximum divergence times and the importance of reliable phylogenies. J. Mol. Evol. 30:400-408.
    • (1990) J. Mol. Evol. , vol.30 , pp. 400-408
    • Marshall, C.R.1
  • 37
    • 0026529994 scopus 로고
    • Character analysis and the integration of molecular and morphological data in an understanding of sand dollar phylogeny
    • MARSHALL, C. R. 1992a. Character analysis and the integration of molecular and morphological data in an understanding of sand dollar phylogeny. Mol. Biol. Evol. 9:309-322.
    • (1992) Mol. Biol. Evol. , vol.9 , pp. 309-322
    • Marshall, C.R.1
  • 38
    • 0026581378 scopus 로고
    • Substitution bias, weighted parsimony, and amniote phylogeny as inferred from 18S rRNA sequences
    • MARSHALL, C. R. 1992b. Substitution bias, weighted parsimony, and amniote phylogeny as inferred from 18S rRNA sequences. Mol. Biol. Evol. 9:370-373.
    • (1992) Mol. Biol. Evol. , vol.9 , pp. 370-373
    • Marshall, C.R.1
  • 39
    • 0027946472 scopus 로고
    • Dollo's law and the death and resurrection of genes
    • MARSHALL, C. R., E. C. RAFF, AND R. A. RAFF. 1994. Dollo's law and the death and resurrection of genes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91:12283-12287.
    • (1994) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.91 , pp. 12283-12287
    • Marshall, C.R.1    Raff, E.C.2    Raff, R.A.3
  • 40
    • 0006520559 scopus 로고
    • Evolution of the carnivorous adaptive zone in South America
    • (M. Hecht, P. C. Goody, and B. M. Hecht, eds.). Plenum, New York
    • MARSHALL, L. G. 1977. Evolution of the carnivorous adaptive zone in South America. Pages 709-721 in Major patterns in vertebrate evolution (M. Hecht, P. C. Goody, and B. M. Hecht, eds.). Plenum, New York.
    • (1977) Major Patterns in Vertebrate Evolution , pp. 709-721
    • Marshall, L.G.1
  • 41
    • 0002386437 scopus 로고
    • Geochronology and landmammal biochronology of the transamerican faunal interchange
    • (F. G. Stehli and S. D. Webb, eds.). Plenum, New York
    • MARSHALL, L. G. 1985. Geochronology and landmammal biochronology of the transamerican faunal interchange. Pages 49-85 in The great American biotic interchange (F. G. Stehli and S. D. Webb, eds.). Plenum, New York.
    • (1985) The Great American Biotic Interchange , pp. 49-85
    • Marshall, L.G.1
  • 42
    • 0025074756 scopus 로고
    • Accuracy of estimating genetic distance between species from short sequences of mitochondrial DNA
    • MARTIN, A. P., B. D. KESSING, AND S. R. PALUMBI. 1990. Accuracy of estimating genetic distance between species from short sequences of mitochondrial DNA. Mol. Biol. Evol. 75:485-488.
    • (1990) Mol. Biol. Evol. , vol.75 , pp. 485-488
    • Martin, A.P.1    Kessing, B.D.2    Palumbi, S.R.3
  • 43
    • 0026590789 scopus 로고
    • Rates of mitochondrial DNA evolution in sharks are slow compared with mammals
    • MARTIN, A. P., G. J. P. NAYLOR, AND S. R. PALUMBI. 1992. Rates of mitochondrial DNA evolution in sharks are slow compared with mammals. Nature 357:153-156.
    • (1992) Nature , vol.357 , pp. 153-156
    • Martin, A.P.1    Naylor, G.J.P.2    Palumbi, S.R.3
  • 44
    • 0027133041 scopus 로고
    • Genetic subdivisions among small canids: Mitochondrial DNA differentiation of swift, kit, and arctic foxes
    • MERCURE, A., K. RALLS, K. P. KOEPFLI, AND R. K. WAYNE. 1993. Genetic subdivisions among small canids: Mitochondrial DNA differentiation of swift, kit, and arctic foxes. Evolution 47:1313-1328.
    • (1993) Evolution , vol.47 , pp. 1313-1328
    • Mercure, A.1    Ralls, K.2    Koepfli, K.P.3    Wayne, R.K.4
  • 45
    • 0025529509 scopus 로고
    • Phylogeny and evolution of antlered deer determined from mitochondrial DNA sequences
    • MIYAMOTO, M. M., F. KRAUS, AND O. A. RYDER. 1990. Phylogeny and evolution of antlered deer determined from mitochondrial DNA sequences. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 87:6127-6131.
    • (1990) Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.87 , pp. 6127-6131
    • Miyamoto, M.M.1    Kraus, F.2    Ryder, O.A.3
  • 46
    • 0040489621 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Canidae
    • In press (C. M. Janis, K. Scott, and L. Jacobs, eds.). Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, England
    • MUNTHE, K. In press. Canidae. In Evolution of Tertiary mammals of North America (C. M. Janis, K. Scott, and L. Jacobs, eds.). Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, England.
    • Evolution of Tertiary Mammals of North America
    • Munthe, K.1
  • 50
    • 0002508362 scopus 로고
    • The fossil mammal fauna of South America
    • (A. Keast, F. C. Erk, and B. Glass, eds.). State Univ. Press, Albany, New York
    • PATTERSON, B., AND R. PASCUAL. 1972. The fossil mammal fauna of South America. Pages 247-309 in Evolution, mammals and southern continents (A. Keast, F. C. Erk, and B. Glass, eds.). State Univ. Press, Albany, New York.
    • (1972) Evolution, Mammals and Southern Continents , pp. 247-309
    • Patterson, B.1    Pascual, R.2
  • 51
    • 0001930521 scopus 로고
    • Morphological characters and homoplasy
    • (K. A. Joysey and A. E. Friday, eds.). Academic Press, London
    • PATTERSON, C. 1982. Morphological characters and homoplasy. Pages 21-74 in Problems of phylogenetic reconstruction (K. A. Joysey and A. E. Friday, eds.). Academic Press, London.
    • (1982) Problems of Phylogenetic Reconstruction , pp. 21-74
    • Patterson, C.1
  • 53
    • 0027091011 scopus 로고
    • "Canis" monticinensis sp. nov., a new Canidae (Carnivora, Mammalia) from the late Messinian of Italy
    • ROOK, L. 1992. "Canis" monticinensis sp. nov., a new Canidae (Carnivora, Mammalia) from the late Messinian of Italy. Boll. Soc. Paleontol. Ital. 31:151-156.
    • (1992) Boll. Soc. Paleontol. Ital. , vol.31 , pp. 151-156
    • Rook, L.1
  • 55
    • 0027185401 scopus 로고
    • Theoretical foundation of the minimum-evolution method of phylogenetic inference
    • RZHETSKY, A., AND M. NEI. 1993. Theoretical foundation of the minimum-evolution method of phylogenetic inference. Mol. Biol. Evol. 10:1073-1095.
    • (1993) Mol. Biol. Evol. , vol.10 , pp. 1073-1095
    • Rzhetsky, A.1    Nei, M.2
  • 56
    • 0023375195 scopus 로고
    • The neighbor-joining method: A new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees
    • SAITOU, N., AND M. NEI. 1987. The neighbor-joining method: A new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees. Mol. Biol. Evol. 4:406-425.
    • (1987) Mol. Biol. Evol. , vol.4 , pp. 406-425
    • Saitou, N.1    Nei, M.2
  • 61
    • 0002015259 scopus 로고
    • The principles of classification and a classification of mammals
    • SIMPSON, G. G. 1945. The principles of classification and a classification of mammals. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 85:1-350.
    • (1945) Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. , vol.85 , pp. 1-350
    • Simpson, G.G.1
  • 62
    • 0028985519 scopus 로고
    • Interior-branch and bootstrap tests of phylogenetic trees
    • SITNIKOVA, T., A. RZHETSKY, AND M. NEI. 1995. Interior-branch and bootstrap tests of phylogenetic trees. Mol. Biol. Evol. 12:319-333.
    • (1995) Mol. Biol. Evol. , vol.12 , pp. 319-333
    • Sitnikova, T.1    Rzhetsky, A.2    Nei, M.3
  • 63
    • 43949153645 scopus 로고
    • Recovering a tree from the Markov leaf colourations it generates under a Markov model
    • STEEL, M. 1994. Recovering a tree from the Markov leaf colourations it generates under a Markov model. Appl. Math. Lett. 7:19-23.
    • (1994) Appl. Math. Lett. , vol.7 , pp. 19-23
    • Steel, M.1
  • 65
    • 0001336205 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phylogenetic inference
    • (D. M. Hillis, C. Moritz, and B. K. Mable, eds.). Sinauer, Sunderland, Massachusetts
    • SWOFFORD, D. L., G J. OLSEN, P. J. WADDELL, AND D. M. HILLIS. 1996 Phylogenetic inference. Pages 407-514 in Molecular systematics, 2nd edition (D. M. Hillis, C. Moritz, and B. K. Mable, eds.). Sinauer, Sunderland, Massachusetts.
    • (1996) Molecular Systematics, 2nd Edition , pp. 407-514
    • Swofford, D.L.1    Olsen, G.J.2    Waddell, P.J.3    Hillis, D.M.4
  • 66
    • 0001954170 scopus 로고
    • Phylogeny of the Caninae (Carnivora: Canidae): The living taxa
    • TEDFORD, R. H., B. E. TAYLOR, AND X. WANG. 1995. Phylogeny of the Caninae (Carnivora: Canidae): The living taxa. Am. Mus. Novit. 3146:1-37.
    • (1995) Am. Mus. Novit. , vol.3146 , pp. 1-37
    • Tedford, R.H.1    Taylor, B.E.2    Wang, X.3
  • 67
    • 0001496021 scopus 로고
    • Carnivore dental adaptations and diet: A study of trophic diversity in guilds
    • (J. L. Gittleman, ed.). Cornell Univ. Press, Ithaca, New York
    • VAN VALKENBURGH, B. 1990. Carnivore dental adaptations and diet: A study of trophic diversity in guilds. Pages 410-436 in Carnivore behavior, ecology and evolution (J. L. Gittleman, ed.). Cornell Univ. Press, Ithaca, New York.
    • (1990) Carnivore Behavior, Ecology and Evolution , pp. 410-436
    • Van Valkenburgh, B.1
  • 68
    • 0026273884 scopus 로고
    • Iterative evolution of hypercarnivory in canids (Mammalia: Carnivora): Evolutionary interactions among sympatric predators
    • VAN VALKENBURGH, B. 1991. Iterative evolution of hypercarnivory in canids (Mammalia: Carnivora): Evolutionary interactions among sympatric predators. Paleobiology 17:340-362.
    • (1991) Paleobiology , vol.17 , pp. 340-362
    • Van Valkenburgh, B.1
  • 69
    • 0002894886 scopus 로고
    • Cranial and dental adaptations for predation in canids
    • VAN VALKENBURGH, B., AND K. KOEPFLI. 1993. Cranial and dental adaptations for predation in canids. Symp. Zool. Soc. Lond. 65:15-38.
    • (1993) Symp. Zool. Soc. Lond. , vol.65 , pp. 15-38
    • Van Valkenburgh, B.1    Koepfli, K.2
  • 70
    • 0028390944 scopus 로고
    • Higher level relationships of the arctoid carnivora based on sequence data and total evidence
    • VRANA, P. B., M. C. MILINKOVITCH, J. R. POWELL, AND W. C. WHEELER. 1994. Higher level relationships of the arctoid carnivora based on sequence data and total evidence. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 3:47-58.
    • (1994) Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. , vol.3 , pp. 47-58
    • Vrana, P.B.1    Milinkovitch, M.C.2    Powell, J.R.3    Wheeler, W.C.4
  • 71
    • 0001333969 scopus 로고
    • Cranial morphology of domestic and wild canids: The influence of development on morphological change
    • WAYNE, R. K. 1986a. Cranial morphology of domestic and wild canids: The influence of development on morphological change. Evolution 40:243-261.
    • (1986) Evolution , vol.40 , pp. 243-261
    • Wayne, R.K.1
  • 72
    • 0022620631 scopus 로고
    • Limb morphology of domestic and wild canids: The influence of development on morphologic change
    • WAYNE, R. K. 1986b. Limb morphology of domestic and wild canids: The influence of development on morphologic change. J. Morphol. 187:301-319.
    • (1986) J. Morphol. , vol.187 , pp. 301-319
    • Wayne, R.K.1
  • 73
    • 0001675496 scopus 로고
    • Phylogeny and evolution of the Carnivora and carnivore families
    • (J. L. Gittleman, ed.) Cornell Univ. Press, Ithaca, New York
    • WAYNE, R. K., R. E. BENVENISTE, AND S. J. O'BRIEN. 1990a. Phylogeny and evolution of the Carnivora and carnivore families. Pages 465-494 in Carnivore behavior, ecology and evolution (J. L. Gittleman, ed.) Cornell Univ. Press, Ithaca, New York.
    • (1990) Carnivore Behavior, Ecology and Evolution , pp. 465-494
    • Wayne, R.K.1    Benveniste, R.E.2    O'Brien, S.J.3
  • 74
    • 0024955279 scopus 로고
    • Genetic and morphologic divergences among sympatric canids (Mammalia: Carnivora)
    • WAYNE, R. K., P. W. KAT, T. K. FULLER, B. VAN VALKENBURGH, AND S. J. O'BRIEN. 1989. Genetic and morphologic divergences among sympatric canids (Mammalia: Carnivora). J. Hered. 80:447-454.
    • (1989) J. Hered. , vol.80 , pp. 447-454
    • Wayne, R.K.1    Kat, P.W.2    Fuller, T.K.3    Van Valkenburgh, B.4    O'Brien, S.J.5
  • 76
    • 0023185862 scopus 로고
    • Chromosomal evolution of the Canidae. I. Species with high diploid numbers
    • WAYNE, R. K., W. G. NASH, AND S. J. O'BRIEN. 1987a. Chromosomal evolution of the Canidae. I. Species with high diploid numbers. Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 44:123-133.
    • (1987) Cytogenet. Cell Genet. , vol.44 , pp. 123-133
    • Wayne, R.K.1    Nash, W.G.2    O'Brien, S.J.3
  • 77
    • 0023236029 scopus 로고
    • Chromosomal evolution of the Canidae. II. Species with low diploid numbers
    • WAYNE, R. K., W. G. NASH, AND S. J. O'BRIEN. 1987b. Chromosomal evolution of the Canidae. II. Species with low diploid numbers. Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 44:134-141.
    • (1987) Cytogenet. Cell Genet. , vol.44 , pp. 134-141
    • Wayne, R.K.1    Nash, W.G.2    O'Brien, S.J.3
  • 78
    • 84910735480 scopus 로고
    • Allozyme divergence within the Canidae
    • WAYNE, R. K., AND S. J. O'BRIEN. 1987. Allozyme divergence within the Canidae. Syst. Zool. 36:339-355.
    • (1987) Syst. Zool. , vol.36 , pp. 339-355
    • Wayne, R.K.1    O'Brien, S.J.2
  • 79
    • 0025760031 scopus 로고
    • Rates of molecular evolution in carnivores and primates
    • WAYNE, R. K., B. VAN VALKENBURGH, AND S. J. O'BRIEN. 1991. Rates of molecular evolution in carnivores and primates. Mol. Biol. Evol. 8:297-319.
    • (1991) Mol. Biol. Evol. , vol.8 , pp. 297-319
    • Wayne, R.K.1    Van Valkenburgh, B.2    O'Brien, S.J.3
  • 80
    • 0002977892 scopus 로고
    • Late Cenozoic mammal dispersals between the Americas
    • (F. G. Stehli and S. D. Webb, eds.). Plenum, New York
    • WEBB, S. D. 1985. Late Cenozoic mammal dispersals between the Americas. Pages 357-382 in The great American biotic interchange (F. G. Stehli and S. D. Webb, eds.). Plenum, New York.
    • (1985) The Great American Biotic Interchange , pp. 357-382
    • Webb, S.D.1
  • 81
    • 0040489622 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carnivores, exclusive of Hyaenidae, from the later Miocene of Europe and western Asia
    • In press (R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and S. Reitschel, eds.). Columbia Univ. Press, New York
    • WERDELIN, L. In press. Carnivores, exclusive of Hyaenidae, from the later Miocene of Europe and western Asia. In Later Neogene European biotic evolution and stratigraphic correlation (R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and S. Reitschel, eds.). Columbia Univ. Press, New York.
    • Later Neogene European Biotic Evolution and Stratigraphic Correlation
    • Werdelin, L.1
  • 82
    • 0000378875 scopus 로고
    • Evidence for higher rates of nucleotide substitution in rodents than in man
    • WU, C. I., AND W-H. LI. 1985. Evidence for higher rates of nucleotide substitution in rodents than in man. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 82:1741-1745.
    • (1985) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.82 , pp. 1741-1745
    • Wu, C.I.1    Li, W.-H.2
  • 83
    • 0002490378 scopus 로고
    • A phylogenetic analysis and definition of the Carnivora
    • (F. S. Szalay, M. J. Novacek, and M. C. McKenna, eds.). Springer-Verlag, New York
    • WYSS, A. R., AND J. J. FLYNN. 1993. A phylogenetic analysis and definition of the Carnivora. Pages 32-52 in Mammal phylogeny (F. S. Szalay, M. J. Novacek, and M. C. McKenna, eds.). Springer-Verlag, New York.
    • (1993) Mammal Phylogeny , pp. 32-52
    • Wyss, A.R.1    Flynn, J.J.2
  • 84
    • 0026443498 scopus 로고
    • Statistical properties of bootstrap estimation of phylogenetic variability from nucleotide sequences. I. Four taxa with a molecular clock
    • ZHARKIKH, A., AND W-H. LI. 1992a. Statistical properties of bootstrap estimation of phylogenetic variability from nucleotide sequences. I. Four taxa with a molecular clock. Mol. Biol. Evol. 9:1119-1147.
    • (1992) Mol. Biol. Evol. , vol.9 , pp. 1119-1147
    • Zharkikh, A.1    Li, W.-H.2
  • 85
    • 0026484750 scopus 로고
    • Statistical properties of bootstrap estimation of phylogenetic variability from nucleotide sequences. II. Four taxa without a molecular clock
    • ZHARKIKH, A., AND W.-H. LI. 1992b. Statistical properties of bootstrap estimation of phylogenetic variability from nucleotide sequences. II. Four taxa without a molecular clock. J. Mol. Evol. 35:356-366.
    • (1992) J. Mol. Evol. , vol.35 , pp. 356-366
    • Zharkikh, A.1    Li, W.-H.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.