Heparin in Inflammation: Potential Therapeutic Applications beyond Anticoagulation

Advances in Pharmacology

Volumn 46, Issue C, 1999, Pages 151-208

  Tyrrell, David J ^a   Horne, Angela P ^a   Holme, Kevin R ^a   Preuss, Janet M H ^b   Page, Clive P ^c  

^a Glycomed Inc   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN AUSTRALIA   (Australia)

^c KING'S COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

HEPARIN; INTEGRIN; SELECTIN;

ADULT RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME; ALLERGIC ENCEPHALOMYELITIS; ALZHEIMER DISEASE; ASTHMA; BIOSYNTHESIS; DRUG EFFECT; HUMAN; INFLAMMATION; LEUKOCYTE; METABOLISM; PHYSIOLOGY; REPERFUSION INJURY; REVIEW; SHOCK; THROMBOCYTE AGGREGATION; ULCERATIVE COLITIS;

ALZHEIMER DISEASE; ASTHMA; COLITIS, ULCERATIVE; ENCEPHALOMYELITIS, AUTOIMMUNE, EXPERIMENTAL; HEPARIN; HUMANS; INFLAMMATION; INTEGRINS; LEUKOCYTES; PLATELET AGGREGATION; REPERFUSION INJURY; RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME, ADULT; SELECTINS; SHOCK;

EID: 0032610504     PISSN: 10543589     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1016/S1054-3589(08)60471-8     Document Type: Chapter

References (350)

1. Adams D.H., and Shaw S. Leucocyte-endothelial interactions and regulation of leucocyte migration. Lancet 343 (1994) 831-836
2. Ager A. Lymphocyte recirculation and homing: Roles of adhesion molecules and chemoattractants. Trends Cell Biol. 4 (1994) 326-333
3. Ahmed T., Abraham W.M., and D'Brot J. Effects of inhaled heparin on immunologic and nonimmunologic bronchoconstrictor responses in sheep. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 145 (1992) 566-570
4. Ahmed T., Campo C., Abraham M.K., Molinari J.F., Abraham W.M., Ashkin D., Syriste T., Andersson L.O., and Svahn C.M. Inhibition of antigen-induced acute bronchoconstriction, airway hyperresponsiveness, and mast cell degranulation by a nonanticoagulant heparin: Comparison with a low molecular weight heparin. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 155 (1997) 1848-1855
5. Ahmed T., Garrigo J., and Danta I. Preventing bronchoconstriction in exerciseinduced asthma with inhaled heparin. N. Engl. J. Med. 329 (1993) 90-95
6. Ahmed T., Syriste T., Lucio J., Abraham W., Robinson M., and D'Brot J. Inhibition of antigen-induced airway and cutaneous responses by heparin: A pharmacodynamic study. J. Appl. Physiol. 74 (1993) 1492-1498
7. 3 -mediated mast cell degranulation?. J. Appl. Physiol. 76 (1994) 893-901
8. Aisen P.S. Inflammation and Alzheimer's disease: Mechanisms and therapeutic strategies. Gerontology 43 (1997) 143-149
9. Albelda S.M., Smith C.W., and Ward P.A. Adhesion molecules and inflammatory injury. FASEB J. 8 (1994) 504-512
10. Alon R., Fuhlbrigge R.C., Finger E.B., and Springer T.A. Interactions through Lselectin between leukocytes and adherent leukocytes nucleate rolling adhesions on selectins and VCAM-1 in shear flow. J. Cell Biol. 135 (1996) 849-865
11. Antunes E., Mariano M., Cirino G., Levi S., and DeNucci G. Pharmacological characterization of polycation-induced rat hind-paw oedema. Br. J. Pharmacol. 101 (1990) 986-990
12. Anwar A.R.F., Moqbel R., Walsh G.M., Kay A.B., and Wardlaw A.J. Adhesion to fibronectin prolongs eosinophil survival. J. Exp. Med. 177 (1993) 839-843
13. Archer C.W., Morrison E.H., Bayliss M.T., and Ferguson M.W.J. The development of articular cartilage. 2. The spatial and temporal patterns of glycosaminoglycans and small leucine-rich proteoglycans. J. Anat. 189 (1996) 23-35
14. Arfors K.E., and Ley K. Sulfated polysaccharides in inflammation. J. Lab. Clin. Med. 121 (1993) 201-202
15. Arispe N., Pollard H.B., and Rojas E. Giant multilevel cation channels formed by Alzheimer disease amyloid beta-protein [A beta P-(1-40)] in bilayer membranes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90 (1993) 10573-10577
16. Asa D., Gant T., Oda Y., and Brandley B.K. Evidence for two classes of carbohydrate binding sites on selectins. Glycobiology 2 (1992) 395-400
17. Bacon K.B., and Schall T.J. Chemokines as mediators of allergic inflammation. Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. 109 (1996) 97-109
18. Bade J.J., Laseur M., Nieuwenburg A., van der Weele L.T., and Mensink H.J. A placebo-controlled study of intravesical pentosanpolysulfate for the treatment of interstitial cystitis. Br. J. Urol. 79 (1997) 168-171
19. Baici A., Diczházi C., Neszmélyi A., Móczár E., and Hornebeck W. Inhibition of the human leukocyte endopeptidases elastase and cathepsin G and of porcine pancreatic elastase by N-oleoyl derivatives of heparin. Biochem. Pharmacol. 46 (1993) 1545-1549
20. Baici A., Salgam P., Fehr K., and Böni A. Inhibition of human elastase from polymorphonuclear leucocytes by a glycosaminoglycan polysulfate (Arteparon). Biochem. Pharmacol. 29 (1980) 1723-1727
21. Bame K.J., Danda J., Hassall A., and Tumova S. A beta (1-40) prevents heparanasecatalyzed degradation of heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycans and proteoglycans in vitro: A role for heparan sulfate proteoglycans turnover in Alzheimer's disease. J. Biol. Chem. 272 (1997) 17005-17011
22. Bargatze R.F., Jutila M.A., and Butcher E.C. Distinct roles of L-selectin and integrins α4β7 and LFA-1 in lymphocyte homing to Peyer's Patch-HEV in situ: The multistep model confirmed and refined. Immunity 3 (1995) 99-108
23. Bargatze R.F., Kurk S., Butcher E.C., and Jutila M.A. Neutrophils roll on adherent neutrophils bound to cytokine-induced endothelial cells via L-selectin on the rolling cells. J. Exp. Med. 180 (1994) 1785-1792
24. Barrett P.A., Butler K.D., Morley J., Page C.P., Paul W., and White A.M. Inhibition by heparin of platelet accumulation in vivo. Thromb. Haemostas. (Stuttgart) 51 (1984) 366-370
25. Bauer J., Ganter U., Strauss S., Stadtmüller G., Frommberger U., Bauer H., Volk B., and Berger M. The participation of interleukin-6 in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Res. Immunol. 143 (1992) 650-657
26. Bazzoni G., Nunez A.B., Mascellani G., Bianchini P., Dejana E., and Del Maschio A. Effect of heparin, dermatan sulfate, and related oligo-derivatives on human polymorphonuclear leukocyte functions. J. Lab. Clin. Med. 121 (1993) 268-275
27. Berlin C., Bargatze R.F., Campbell J.J., von Andrian U.H., Szabo M.C., Hasslen S.R., Nelson R.D., Berg E.L., Erlandsen S.L., and Butcher E.C. α4 Integrins mediate lymphocyte attachment and rolling under physiologic flow. Cell 80 (1995) 413-422
28. Bernfield M., Kokenyesi R., Kato M., Hinkes M.T., Spring J., Gallo R.L., and Lose E.J. Biology of the syndecans-A family of transmembrane heparan sulfate proteoglycans. Annu. Rev. Cell Biol. 8 (1992) 365-393
29. Bienkowski M.J., and Conrad H.E. Structural characterization of the oligosaccharides formed by depolymerization of heparin with nitrous acid. J. Biol. Chem. 260 (1985) 356-365
30. Black S.C., Garalinski M.R., Friederichs G.S., Kilgore K.S., Driscoll E.M., and Lucchesi B.R. Cardioprotective effects of heparin or N-acetylheparin in an in vivo model of myocardial ischaemic and reperfusion injury. Cardiovascular Res. 29 (1995) 629-636
31. Bosse R., and Vestweber D. Only simultaneous blocking of the L- and P-selectin completely inhibits neutrophil migration into mouse peritoneum. Eur. J. Immunol. 24 (1994) 3019-3024
32. Bourin M.C., and Lindahl U. Glycosaminoglycans and the regulation of blood coagulation. Biochem. J. 289 2 (1993) 313-330
33. Bowler S.D., Smith S.M., and Lavercombe P.S. Heparin inhibits the immediate response to antigen in the skin and lungs of allergic subjects. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 147 (1993) 160-163
34. Brace L.D., and Fareed J. Heparin-induced platelet aggregation: Dose-response relationships for a low molecular weight heparin derivative (PK10169) and its subfractions. Thromb. Res. 42 (1986) 769-782
35. Bradley L.M., Watson S.R., and Swain S.L. Entry of naive CD4 T cells into peripheral lymph nodes requires L-selectin. J. Exp. Med. 180 (1994) 2401-2406
36. Brandan E., and Hirschberg C.B. Purification of rat liver N-heparan sulfate sulfotransferase. J. Biol. Chem. 263 (1988) 2417-2422
37. Brenan M., and Parish C.R. Modification of lymphocyte migration by sulfated polysaccharides. Eur. J. Immunol. 16 (1986) 423-430
38. Brown M., Desai M., Traber L.D., Herndon D.N., and Traber D.L. Dimethylsulfoxide with heparin in the treatment of smoke inhalation injury. J. Burn Care Rehabil. 9 (1988) 22-25
39. Buee L., Ding W., Anderson J.P., Narindrasorasak S., Kisilevsky R., Boyle N.J., Robakis N.K., Delacourte A., Greenberg B., and Fillit H.M. Binding of vascular heparan sulfate proteoglycan to Alzheimer's amyloid precurser protein is mediated in part by the N-terminal region of A4 peptide. Brain Res. 627 (1993) 199-204
40. Buee L., Ding W., Delacourte A., and Fillit H.M. Binding of secreted human neuroblasoma proteoglycans to the Alzheimer's amyloid A4 peptide. Brain Res. 601 (1993) 154-163
41. Buller H.R., and Ten Cate T. Coagulation and platelet activation pathways: A review of the key components and the way in which these can be manipulated. Eur. Heart J. 16 Suppl. L (1995) 8-10
42. Butcher E.C. Leukocyte-endothelial cell recognition: Three (or more) steps to specificity and diversity. Cell 67 (1991) 1033-1036
43. Butcher E.C., and Picker L.J. Lymphocyte homing and homeostasis. Science 272 (1996) 60-66
44. Buxbaum J.D., Oishi M., Chen H.I., Pinkas-Kramarski R., Jaffe E.A., Gandy S.E., and Greengard P. Cholinergic agonists and interleukin-1 regulate processing and secretion of the Alzheimer beta A4 amyloid protein precurser. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89 (1992) 10075-10078
45. Campbell J.J., Qin S., Bacin K.B., Mackay C.R., and Butcher E.C. Biology of chemokine and classical chemoattractant receptors: Differential requirements for adhesion-triggering versus chemotactic responses in lymphoid cells. J. Cell Biol. 134 (1996) 255-266
46. Campbell P., Hannesson H.H., Sandback D., Roden L., Lindahl U., and Li J.P. Biosynthesis of heparin/heparan sulfate-Purification of the D-glucuronyl C-5 epimerase from bovine liver. J. Biol. Chem. 269 (1994) 26953-26958
47. Cardin A.D., and Weintraub H.J.R. Molecular modeling of proteinglycosaminoglycan interactions. Arteriosclerosis 9 (1989) 21-32
48. Carey D.J., Bendt K.M., and Stahl R.C. The cytoplasmic domain of syndecan-1 is required for cytoskeleton association but not detergent insolubility-Identification of essential cytoplasmic domain residues. J. Biol. Chem. 271 (1996) 15253-15260
49. Carlos T.M., and Harlan J.M. Leukocyte-endothelial adhesion molecules. Blood 84 (1994) 2068-2101
50. 1 . Thromb. Res. 16 (1979) 507-516
51. Casu B., Oreste P., Torri G., Zoppetti G., Choay J., Lormeau J.-C., Petitou M., and Sinay P. The structure of heparin oligosaccharide fragments with high anti-(Factor Xa) activity containing the minimal antithrombin-III binding sequence. Biochem. J. 197 (1981) 599-609
52. Casu B., Petitou M., Provasoli M., and Sinay P. Conformational flexibility: A new concept for explaining binding and biological properties of iduronic acid-containing glycosaminoglycans. Trends Biochem. Sci. 13 (1988) 221-225
53. Cerletti C., Rajtar G., Marchi E., and DeGaetano G. Interaction between glycosaminoglycans, platelets, and leukocytes. Semin. Thromb. Hemost. 20 (1994) 245-253
54. Ceyhan B., and Celikel T. Effect of inhaled heparin on methacholine-induced bronchial hyperreactivity. Chest 107 (1995) 1009-1011
55. Chaudry K.I., Singh G., Rana M.W., and Chaudry I.H. Low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) administration during resuscitation of hemorrhagic shock improves renal microvasculature. Circ. Shock 34 (1991) 25 [Abstract]
56. 4 ) is a chemotatic factor for eosinophils and augments Fc receptor expression on eosinophils. In: Morley J., and Colditz I. (Eds). "Eosinophils and Asthma" (1989), Academic Press, London 151-156
57. Choay J., Petitou M., Lormeau J.-C., Sinay P., Casu B., and Gatti G. The structureactivity relationship in heparin: A synthetic pentasacharide with high affinity for antithrombin III and eliciting high anti-factor Xa activity. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 116 (1983) 492-499
58. Coffey A.K., and Karnovsky M.J. Heparin inhibits mesangial cell proliferation in Habu venom-induced glomerular injury. Am. J. Pathol. 120 (1985) 248-255
59. Cofrancesco E., Radaelli F., Pogliani E., Amici N., Torri G.G., and Casu B. Correlation of sulfate content and degree of carboxylation of heparin and related glycosaminoglycans with anticomplement activity: Relationships to the anticoagulant and platelet-aggregating activities. Thromb. Res. 14 (1979) 179-187
60. Cohen S., Benacerraf B., McCluskey R., and Ovary A.J. Effect of anticoagulants on delayed hypersensitivity reations. J. Immunol. 98 (1967) 351-358
61. Couchman J.R., and Woods A. Syndecans, signaling, and cell adhesion. J. Cell. Biochem. 61 (1996) 578-584
62. Cox C.S., Zwischenberger J.B., Traber D.L., Traber L.D., Haque A.K., and Herndon D.N. Heparin improves oxygenation and minimizes barotrauma after severe smoke inhalation in an ovine model. Surg. Gynecol. Obstet. 176 (1993) 339-349
63. Coyle A.J., Ackerman S.J., Burch R., Proud D., and Irvin C.G. Human eosinophilgranule major basic protein and synthetic polycations induce airway hyperresponsiveness in vivo dependent on bradykinin generation. J. Clin. Invest. 95 (1995) 1735-1740
64. Crimi N., Armato F., Lamicela M., Magri S., Pistorio M.P., Mastruzzo C., and Vancheri C. Inhibitory effect of heparin on eosinophil recruitment after nasal allergen challenge. Eur. Resp. J. 8 (1995) 10S [Abstract]
65. Crockett-Torabi E., Sulenbarger B., Smith C.W., and Fantone J.C. Activation of human neutrophils through L-selectin and Mac-1 molecules. J. Immunol. 154 (1995) 2291-2302
66. Cromwell J., and Smith E. Effect of fibrinolytic activation on survival and cerebral damage following periods of circulatory arrest. Am. J. Physiol. 186 (1958) 283-285
67. Cromwell J., Shorpe G., Lambright R., and Reed W. The mechanism of death after resucitation following acute circulatory failure. Surgery 38 (1955) 696-702
68. Curtis M.J., Barsby R.W.J., and Forster R. Protection by ITF1300, a heparin ionpair complex, against arrhythmias induced by regional ischemia and reperfusion in the isolated rat heart: Possible mechanism of action. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. 25 (1995) 643-651
69. + T lymphocytes and regulates their production of proinflammatory cytokines. Eur. J. Immunol. 22 (1992) 1789-1793
70. Deng S., Pascual M., Lou J., Buhler L., Wessel H.P., Grau G., Schifferli J.A., and Morel P. New synthetic sulfated oligosaccharides prolong survival of cardiac xenografts by inhibiting release of heparan sulfate from endothelial cells. Transplantation 61 (1996) 1300-1305
71. Diamant Z., Timmers M.C., van der veen H., Page C.P., van der Meer F.J., and Sterk P.J. Effect of inhaled heparin on allergen-induced early and late asthmatic responses in patients with atopic asthma. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 153 (1996) 1790-1795
72. Diamond J.R., and Karnovsky M.J. Nonanticoagulant protective effect of heparin in chronic aminonucleosidenephrosis. Renal Physiol. 9 (1986) 366-374
73. Diamond M.S., Alon R., Parkos C.A., Quinn M.T., and Springer T.A. Heparin is an adhesive ligand for the leukocyte integrin Mac-1 (CD11b/CD18). J. Cell Biol. 130 (1995) 1473-1482
74. Dobosz M., Mionskowska L., Dobrowolski S., Dymecki D., Makarewicz W., Hrabowska M., and Wajda Z. Is nitric oxide and heparin treatment justified in inflammatory bowel disease? An experimental study. Scand. J. Clin. Invest. 56 (1996) 657-663
75. Dwarakanath A.D., Yu L.G., Brookes C., Pryce D., and Rhodes J.M. 'Sticky' neutrophils, pathergic arthritis, and response to heparin in pyodema gangrenosum complicating ulcerative colitis. Gut 37 (1995) 585-588
76. Ebisawa M., Yamada T., Bickel C., Klunk D., and Schleimer R.P. Eosinophil transendothelial migration induced by cytokines: Effect of the chemokine RANTES. J. Immunol. 153 (1994) 2153-2160
77. Edens R.E., Lindhardt R.J., and Weiler J.M. Heparin is not just an anticoagulant anymore: Six and one-half decades of studies on the ability of heparin to regulate complement activity. Complement Profiles 1 (1993) 96-120
78. Ekre H.-P.T. Inhibition of human and guinea pig complement by heparin fractions differing in affinity for antithrombin III or in average molecular weight. Int. J. Immunopharmacol. 7 (1985) 271-280
79. Ekre H.-P.T., Fjellner B., and Hägermark O. Inhibition of complement dependent experimental inflammation in human skin by different heparin fractions. Int. J. Immunopharmacol. 8 (1986) 277-286
80. Engelmann S., Ebeling O., and Schwartzalbiez R. Modulated glycosylation of proteoglycans during differentiation of human B lymphocytes. Biochim. Biophys. Acta Mol. Cell Res. 1267 (1995) 6-14
81. Erger R.A., and Casale T.B. Interleukin-8 is a potent mediator of eosinophil chemotaxis through endothelium and epithelium. Am. J. Physiol. 268 (1995) L117-L122
82. 2 integrin (Mac-1) and L-selectin (LECAM-1) adherence receptors on human neutrophils by high-resolution field emission. Semin. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 41 (1993) 327-333
83. Esko J.D., and Zhang L.J. Influence of core protein sequence on glycosaminoglycan assembly. Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol. 6 (1996) 663-670
84. Evangelista V., Piccardoni P., Maugeri N., DeGaetano G., and Cerletti C. Inhibition by heparin of platelet activation induced by neutrophil-derived cathepsin G. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 216 (1992) 401-405
85. Evans R.C., and Rhodes J.M. Treatment of corticosteroid resistant ulcerative colitis with heparin-A report of 9 cases. Gut 37 Suppl 2 (1995) A49 [Abstract]
86. Faller B., Mely Y., Gerard D., and Bieth J.G. Heparin-induced conformational change and activation of mucus proteinase inhibitor. Biochemistry 31 (1992) 8285-8290
87. Fegen J.P., Albert D.J., and Persky L. The role of heparin in prolonging acute renal ischemia time. Invest. Urology 9 (1971) 16-20
88. Ferrer-Lopez P., Renesto P., Prevost M.C., Gounon P., and Chignard M. Heparin inhibits neutrophil-induced platelet activation via cathepsin G. J. Lab Clin. Med. 119 (1992) 232-239
89. Fillit H.M., Kemeny E., Luine V., Weksler M.E., and Zabriskie J.B. Antivascular antibodies in the sera of patients with senile dementia of the Alzheimer's type. J. Gerontol. 42 (1987) 180-184
90. Finger E.B., Puri K.D., Alon R., Lawrence M.B., von Andrian U.H., and Springer T.A. Adhesion through L-selectin requires a threshold hydrodynamic shear. Nature Lett. 379 (1996) 266-269
91. Floege J., Eng E., Young B.A., Couser W.G., and Johnson R.J. Heparin suppresses mesangial cell proliferation and matrix expansion in experimental mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis. Kidney Intl. 43 (1993) 369-380
92. Forrest M., and Paulson J.C. Selectin family of adhesion molecules. In: Granger D.N., and Schmid-Schönbein G.W. (Eds). "Physiology and Pathophysiology of Leukocyte Adhesion" (1995), Oxford University Press, New York 43-80
93. Fransson L.-A. Periodate oxidation of the glucuronic acids residues in heparan sulfate and heparin. Carbohydr. Res. 62 (1978) 235-244
94. Fransson L.-A. Heparan sulphate proteoglycans: structure and properties. In: Lane D.A., and Lindahl U. (Eds). "Heparin Chemical and Biological Properties, Clinical Applications" (1989), CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 115-133
95. Fraser P.E., Nguyen J.T., Chin D.T., and Kirschner D.A. Effects of sulfate ions on Alzheimer-beta/A4 peptide assemblies-Implications for amyloid fibril-proteoglycan interactions. J. Neurochem. 59 (1992) 1531-1540
96. Fraser P.E., Nguyen J.T., McLachlan D.R., Abraham C.R., and Kirschner D.A. Alpha-1-antichymotrypsin binding to Alzheimer Aβ peptides is sequence specific and induces fibril disaggregation in vitro. J. Neurochem. 61 (1993) 298-305
97. Frenette G.P., Ruddon R.W., Krzesicki R.F., Naser J.A., and Peters B.P. Biosynthesis and deposition of a noncovalent laminin-heparan sulfate proteoglycan complex and other basal lamina components by a human malignant cell line. J. Biol. Chem. 264 (1989) 3078-3088
98. Frenette P.S., Johnson R.C., Hynes R.O., and Wagner D.D. Platelets roll on stimulated endothelium in vivo: An interaction mediated by endothelial P-selectin. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92 (1995) 7450-7454
99. Friedrichs G.S., Kilgore K.S., Manley P.J., Gralinski M.R., and Lucchesi B.R. Effects of heparin and N-acetyl heparin on ischemia/reperfusion-induced alterations in myocardial function in the rabbit isolated heart. Circulation Res. 75 (1994) 701-710
100. Frigas E., Loegering D.A., and Gleich G.J. Cytotoxic effects of the guinea pig eosinophil major basic protein on tracheal epithelium. Lab. Invest. 42 (1980) 35-43
101. Fritz T.A., Gabb M.M., Wei G., and Esko J.D. Two N-acetylglucosaminyltransferases catalyze the biosynthesis of heparan sulfate. J. Biol. Chem. 269 (1994) 28809-28814
102. Fryer A., Huang Y.-C., Rao G., Jacoby D., Mancilla E., Whorton R., Piantadosi C.A., Kennedy T., and Hoidal J. Selective O-desulfation produces nonanticoagulant heparin that retains pharmacological activity in the lung. J. Pharmacol, Exp. Ther. 282 (1997) 208-219
103. Fuhlbrigge R.C., Alon R., Puri K.D., Lowe J.B., and Springer T.A. Sialylated fucosylated ligands for L-selectin expressed on leukocytes mediate tethering and rolling adhesions in physiologic flow conditions. J. Cell Biol. 135 (1996) 837-848
104. Gaffney A., and Gaffney P. Rheumatoid arthritis and heparin. Brit. J. Rheumatol. 35 (1996) 808
105. Gaffney P.R., Doyle C.T., Gaffney A., Hogan J., Hayes D.P., and Annis P. Paradoxical response to heparin in 10 patients with ulcerative colitis. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 90 (1995) 220-223
106. Gallagher J.T. The extended family of proteoglycans: Social residents of the pericellular zone. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 1 (1989) 1201-1218
107. Garrigo J., Danta I., and Ahmed T. Time course of the protective effect of inhaled heparin on exercise-induced asthma. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 153 (1996) 1702-1707
108. Gibson R.M., Kansas G.S., Tedder T.F., Furie B., and Furie B.C. Lectin and epidermal growth factor domains of P-selectin at physiologic density are the recognition unit for leukocyte binding. Blood 85 (1995) 151-158
109. Gilat D., Cahalon L., Hershkoviz R., and Lider O. Interplay of T cells and cytokines in the context of enzymatically modified extracellular matrix. Immunol. Today 17 (1996) 16-20
110. Gilat D., Hershkoviz R., Goldkorn I., Cahalon L., Korner G., Vlodavsky I., and Lider O. Molecular behavior adapts to context: Heparanase functions as an extracellular matrix-degrading enzyme or as a T cell adhesion molecule, depending on the local pH. J. Exp. Med. 181 (1995) 1929-1934
111. + T lymphocytes to intact or heparinase-treated subendothelial extracellular matrix by diffusible or anchored RANTES and MIP-1β. J. Immunol. 153 (1994) 4899-4906
112. Girard J.P., and Springer T.A. High endothelial venules (HEVs): Specialized endothelium for lymphocyte migration. Immunol. Today 16 (1995) 449-457
113. Giuffrè L., Cordey A.-S., Monai N., Tardy Y., Schapira M., and Spertini O. Monocyte adhesion to activated aortic endothelium: Role of L-selectin and heparan sulfate proteoglycans. J. Cell Biol. 136 (1997) 945-956
114. Gleich G.J., Loegering D.A., and Maldonado J.E. Identification of a major basic protein in guinea pig eosinophil granules. J. Exp. Med. 137 (1973) 1459-1471
115. Goedert M., Jakes R., Spillantini M.G., Hasegawa M., Smith M.J., and Crowther R.A. Assembly of microtubule-associated protein tau into Alzheimer-like filaments induced by sulphated glycosaminoglycans. Nature 383 (1996) 550-553
116. Górski A., Wasik M., Nowaczyk M., and Korczak-Kowalska G. Immunomodulating activity of heparin. FASEB J. 5 (1991) 2287-2291
117. Gray C.W., and Patel A.J. Regulation of β-amyloid precursor protein isoform messenger RNAs by transforming growth factor-beta-1 and interleukin-1-beta in astrocytes. Mol. Brain Res. 19 (1993) 251-256
118. Green P.J., Yuen C.T., Childs R.A., Chai W., Miyasaka M., Lemoine R., Lubineau A., Smith B., Ueno H., Nicolaou K.C., and Feizi T. Further studies of the binding specificity of the leukocyte adhesion molecule, L-selectin, towards sulphated oligosaccharides-Suggestion of a link between the selectin- and the integrin-mediated lymphocyte adhesion systems. Glycobiology 5 (1995) 29-38
119. Green W.F., Konnaris K., and Woolcock A.J. Effect of salbutamol, fenterol, and sodium cromoglycate on the release of heparin from sensitized human lung fragments challenged with Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus allergen. Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 8 (1993) 518-521
120. Griffin M.P., Gore D.C., Zwischenberger J.B., Lobe T.E., Hall M., Traber D.L., and Herndon D.N. Does heparin improve survival in experimental porcine Gramnegative septic shock?. Circ. Shock 31 (1990) 343-349
121. Griffin W.S.T., Sheng J.G., Roberts G.W., and Mrak R.E. Interleukin-1 expression in different plaque types in Alzheimer's disease: Significance in plaque evolution. J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. 54 (1995) 276-281
122. Gupta-Bansal R., Frederickson R.C.A., and Brunden K.R. Proteoglycan-mediated inhibition of A beta proteolysis: A potential cause of senile plaque formation. J. Biol. Chem. 170 (1995) 18666-18671
123. Guyer D.A., Moore K.L., Lynam E.B., Schammel C.M.G., Rogelj S., McEver R.P., and Sklar L.A. P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1) is a ligand for P-selectin in neutrophil aggregation. Blood 88 (1996) 2415-2421
124. Hanno P.M. Analysis of long-term Elmiron therapy for interstitial cystitis. Urology 49 Suppl 5A (1997) 93-99
125. Harenberg J., Malsch R., Piazolo L., and Heene D.L. Competitive binding of low molecular mass heparin-tyramine fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate and unlabeled glycosaminoglycans to leukocytes. Semin. Thromb. Hemost. 20 (1994) 236-244
126. Hasslen S.R., von Addrian U.H., Butcher E.C., Nelson R.D., and Erlandsen S.L. Spatial distribution of L-selectin (CD62L) on human lymphocytes and transfected murine L1-2 cells. Histochem. J. 27 (1995) 547-554
127. Hellgren M., Hägnevik K., and Blombäck M. Heparin aerosol-Effect on blood coagulation and pulmonary function. Thromb. Res. 21 (1981) 493-502
128. + T cells. J. Invest. Dermatol. 106 (1996) 243-248
129. Hobson II R.W., Wright J.G., Fox D., and Keer J.C. Heparinization reduces endothelial permeability and hydrogen ion accumulation in a canine skeletal muscle ischaemia-reperfusion model. J. Vasc. Surg. 7 (1988) 585-590
130. Hocking D., Ferro T.J., and Johnson A. Dextran sulfate and heparin sulfate inhibit platelet-activating factor-induced pulmonary edema. J. Appl. Physiol. 72 (1992) 179-185
131. Holme, K. R., Liang, W., Yang, Z., Kubes, P., Tuomanen, E., and Larsen, R. D. (1996a). An alkaline O-desulfated LMW heparin derivative with reduced anticoagulant activity and retained in vivo anti-inflammatory activity. Abstract of the XVII Intl. Carbohydr. Symposium, July 21-26, Milan, Italy.
132. Holme K.R., Liang W., Yang Z., Lapierre F., Shaklee P.N., and Lam L. In: Harenberg J., and Casu B. (Eds). A detailed evaluation of the structural and biological effects of alkaline O-desulfation reactions of heparin (1996), Plenum, New York 139-162 In "Proceedings of the Fourth Symposium on Glycosaminoglycans: Nonanticoagulant Actions of Glycosaminoglycans"
133. Hoogewerf A.J., Leone J.W., Reardon I.M., Howe W.J., Asa D., Heinrikson R.L., and Ledbetter S.R. CXC chemokines connective tissue activating peptide-III and neutrophil activating peptide-2 are heparin/heparan sulfate-degrading enzymes. J. Biol. Chem. 270 (1995) 3268-3277
134. Höök M., Kjellén L., Johansson S., and Robinson J. Cell-surface glycosaminoglycans. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 53 (1984) 847-869
135. Howell R.E., and Woeppel S.L. Potential species dependency for the pulmonary antiallergic effects of aerosolized heparin. Pulm. Pharmacol. 6 (1993) 237-239
136. Hwang P., Auclair B., Beechinor D., Diment M., and Einarson T.R. Efficacy of pentosan polysulfate in the treatment of interstitial cystitis: A meta-analysis. Urology 50 (1997) 39-43
137. Inase N., Schreck R.E., and Lazarus S.C. Heparin inhibits histamine release from canine mast cells. Am. J. Physiol. 264 (1993) L387-L390
138. Inki P., Gomez M., Quintanilla M., Cano A., and Jalkanen M. Expression of syndecan in transformed mouse keratinocytes. Lab. Invest. 67 (1992) 225-233
139. Ishihara M., Fedarko N.S., and Conrad H.E. Transport of heparan sulfate into the nuclei of hepatocytes. J. Biol. Chem. 261 (1986) 13575-13580
140. Itano N., Oguri K., Nagayasu Y., Kusano Y., Nakanishi H., David G., and Okayama M. Phosphorylation of a membrane-intercalated proteoglycan, syndecan-2, expressed in a stroma-inducing clone from a mouse Lewis lung carcinoma. Biochem. J. 315 (1996) 925-930
141. Itoh K., Nakao A., Kishimoto W., and Takagi H. Heparin effects on superoxide production by neutrophils. Eur. Surg. Res. 27 (1995) 184-188
142. Janoff A. Elastases and emphysema: Current assessment of the protease-antiproteases hypothesis. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 132 (1985) 417-433
143. Jaques L.B. Heparins-Anionic polyelectrolyte drugs. Phamacol. Rev. 31 (1979) 99-166
144. Jaques L.B. Heparin: An old drug with a new paradigm. Science 206 (1979) 528-533
145. Jaques L.B., and Mahadoo J. Pharmacodynamics and clinical effectiveness of heparin. Sem. Thromb. Hemost. 4 (1978) 298-325
146. Jaques L.B., Mahadoo J., and Kavanagh L.W. Intrapulmonary heparin: A new procedure for anticoagulant therapy. Lancet 2 (1976) 1157-1161
147. Jutila M.A., and Kurk S. Analysis of bovine γδ T cell interactions with E-, P-, and L-selectin: Characterization of lymphocyte on lymphocyte rolling and the effects of O-glycoprotease. J. Immunol. 156 (1996) 289-296
148. Kameyoshi Y., Doorschner A., Mallet A.I., Christophers E., and Schroeder J.M. Cytokine RANTES released by thrombin-stimulated platelets is a potent attractant for human eosinophils. J. Exp. Med. 176 (1992) 582-591
149. Kang J., Lemaire H.G., Unterbeck A., Salbaum J.M., Masters C.L., Grzeschik K.H., Multhaup G., Bayreuther K., and Muller H.B. The precurser of Alzheimer's disease amyloid A4 protein resembles a cell-surface receptor. Nature 325 (1987) 733-736
150. Kansas G.S., Saunders K.B., Ley K., Zakrzewicz A., Gibson R.M., Furie B.C., Furie B., and Tedder T.F. A role for the epidermal growth factor-like domain of P-selectin in ligand recognition and cell adhesion. J. Cell Biol. 124 (1994) 609-618
151. Kanwar S., Johnston B., and Kubes P. Leukotriene C4/D4 induces P-selectin and sialyl Lewis X-dependent alterations in leukocyte kinetics in vivo. Circ. Res. 77 (1995) 879-887
152. Kazatchkine M.D., Fearon D.T., Metcalfe D.D., Rosenberg R.D., and Austen K.F. Structural determinants of the capacity of heparin to inhibit the formation of the human amplification C3 convertase. J. Clin. Invest. 67 (1981) 223-228
153. Kennedy, T. P. (1994). Use of heparin to inhibit interleukin-8. International Patent Application, WO94/18989.
154. Kilfeather S.A., Tagoe S., Perez A.C., Okona-Mensa K., Matin R., and Page C.P. Inhibition of serum-induced proliferation of bovine tracheal smooth muscle cells in culture by heparin and related glycosaminoglycans. Br. J. Pharmacol. 114 (1995) 1442-1446
155. Kim C.W., Goldberger O.A., Gallo R.L., and Bernfield M. Members of the syndecan family of heparan sulfate proteoglycans are expressed in distinct cell-, tissue-, and development-specific patterns. Mol. Biol. Cell. 5 (1994) 797-805
156. Kisilevsky R. Proteoglycans, glycosaminoglycans, amyloid-enhancing factor, and amyloid deposition. J. Internal Med. 232 (1992) 515-516
157. Kisilevsky R., and Snow A. The potential significance of sulphated glycosaminoglycans as a common constituent of all amyloids: Or, perhaps amyloid is not a misnomer. Med. Hypoth. 26 (1988) 231-236
158. Kitamura N., Yamaguchi M., Shimabukuro K., Miyasaka M., Nakano H., and Kumada K. Heparin-like glycosaminoglycans inhibit leukocyte adhesion to endotoxinactivated human vascular endothelial cells under nonstatic conditions. Eur. Surg. Res. 28 (1996) 428-435
159. Kjellén L., and Lindahl U. Proteoglycans: Structures and interactions. Ann. Rev. Biochem. 60 (1991) 443-475
160. Korn E.D. Clearing factor, a heparin-activated lipoprotein lipase. II. Substrate specificity and activation of coconut oil. J. Biol. Chem. 215 (1955) 1-14
161. Kovensky J., and Cirelli A.F. Occurrence of 2-O-sulphated D-glucuronic acid in rat liver heparan sulphate. Carbohydr. Res. 245 (1993) 361-365
162. Kuna P., Antczak M., Cieslewicz G., Rozniecki J., and Lodz P. Heparin inhibits RANTES-induced chemotaxis of eosinophils. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 365 (1996) 274 [Abstract]
163. Lafuma C., Frisdal E., Harf A., Robert L., and Hornebeck W. Prevention of leucocyte elastase-induced emphysema in mice by heparin fragments. Eur. Respir. J. 4 (1991) 1004-1009
164. Lagodzinski Z., Górski A., and Wasik M. Immunosuppressive action of low-dose heparin: Effect on skin allograft survival. Transplantation 50 (1990) 714-715
165. Lane D.A. Heparin binding and neutralizing proteins. In: Lane D.A., and Lindahl U. (Eds). "Heparin Chemical and Biological Properties, Clinical Applications" (1989), CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 363-391
166. Laudanna C., Constantin G., Baron P., Scarpini E., Scarlato G., Cabrini G., Dechecchi C., Rossi F., Cassatella M.A., and Berton G. Sulfatides trigger increase of cytosolic free calcium and enhance expression of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-8 mRNA in human neutrophils: Evidence for a role of L-selectin as a signaling molecule. J. Biol. Chem. 269 (1994) 4021-4026
167. Léculier C., Benzerara O., Couprie N., Francina A., Lasne Y., Archimbaud E., and Fiere D. Specific binding between human neutrophils and heparin. Br. J. Haematol. 81 (1992) 81-85
168. Léculier C., Couprie N., Adeleine P., Leitienne P., Francina A., and Richard M. The effects of high molecular weight- and low molecular weight-heparins on superoxide ion production and degranulation by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Thromb. Res. 69 (1993) 519-531
169. Lefort J., Nahori M.-A., Ruffié C., Vargaftig B.B., and Pretolani M. In vivo neutralization of eosinophil-derived major basic protein inhibits antigen-induced bronchial hyperreactivity in sensitized guinea pigs. J. Clin. Invest. 87 (1996) 1117-1121
170. Lentini A., Ternai B., and Ghosh P. Synthetic inhibitors of human leukocyte elastase. 1. Sulphated polysaccharides. Biochem. Int. 10 (1985) 221-232
171. Ley K., and Tedder T.F. Leukocyte interactions with vascular endothelium: New insights into selectin-mediated attachment and rolling. J. Immunol. 155 (1995) 525-528
172. Ley K., Baker J.B., Cybulsky M.I., Gimbrone Jr. M.A., and Luscinskas F.W. Intravenous interleukin-8 inhibits granulocyte emigration from rabbit mesenteric venules without altering I.-selectin expression or leukocyte rolling. J. Immunol. 151 (1993) 6347-6357
173. Ley K., Cerrito M., and Arfors K.E. Sulfated polysaccharides inhibit leukocyte rolling in rabbit mesentery venules. Am. J. Physiol. 260 (1991) H1667-H1673
174. Ley K., Tedder T.F., and Kansas G.S. L-selectin can mediate leukocyte rolling in untreated mesenteric venules in vivo independent of E- or P-selectin. Blood 82 (1993) 1632-1638
175. Li F., Wilkins P.P., Crawley S., Weinstein J., Cummings R.D., and McEver R.P. Post-translational modifications of recombinant P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 required for binding to P- and E-selectin. J. Biol. Chem. 271 (1996) 3255-3264
176. Lider O., Baharav E., Mekeri Y.A., Miller T., Naparstek Y., Vlodavsky I., and Cohen I.R. Suppresion of experimental autoimmune diseases and prolongation of allograft survival by treatment of animals with low doses of heparin. J. Clin Invest. 83 (1989) 752-756
177. Lider O., Cahalon L., Gilat D., Hershkoviz R., Siegel D., Margalit R., Shoseyov O., and Cohen I.R. A disaccharide that inhibits tumor necrosis factor α is formed from the extracellular matrix by the enzyme heparanase. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92 (1995) 5037-5041
178. Lider O., Mekori Y.A., Miller T., Bar-Tana R., Vlodavsky I., Baharav E., Cohen I.R., and Naparstek Y. Inhibition of T lymphocyte heparanase by heparin prevents T cell migration and T cell-mediated immunity. Eur. J. Immunol. 20 (1990) 493-499
179. Lind T., Lindahl U., and Lidholt K. Biosynthesis of heparin/heparan sulfate-Identification of a 70-kDa protein catalyzing both the D-glucuronosyltransferase and the N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyltransferase reactions. J. Biol. Chem. 268 (1993) 20705-20708
180. Lindahl U. Biosynthesis of heparin and related polysaccharides. In: Lane D.A., and Lindahl U. (Eds). "Heparin Chemical and Biological Properties, Clinical Applications" (1989), CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 159-189
181. Lindahl U., Lidholt K., Spillman D., and Kjellén L. More to "heparin" than anticoagulation. Thromb. Res. 75 (1994) 1-32
182. Lindhardt R.J., Rice K.G., Kim Y.S., Engelken J.D., and Weiler J.M. Homogenous, structurally-defined heparin-oligosaccharides with low anticoagulant activity inhibit the generation of the amplification pathway C3 convertase in vitro. J. Biol. Chem. 263 (1988) 13090-13096
183. Lloyd A.R., Oppenheim J.J., Kelvin D.J., and Taub D.D. Chemokines regulate T cell adherence to recombinant adhesion molecules and extracellular matrix proteins. J. Immunol. 156 (1996) 932-938
184. Lucio J., D'brot J., Guo C.B., Abraham W.M., Lichtenstein L.M., Kagey-Sobotka A., and Ahmed T. Immunologic mast cell-mediated responses and histamine release are attenuated by heparin. J. Appl. Physiol. 73 (1992) 1093-1101
185. Ma J.Y., Yee A., Brewer H.B., Das S., and Potter H. Amyloid-associated proteins alpha(1)-antichymotrypsin and apolipoprotein E promote assembly of Alzheimer beta-protein into filaments. Nature 372 (1994) 92-94
186. Maaheimo H., Renkonen R., Turunen J.P., Penttila L., and Renkonen O. Synthesis of a divalent sialyl Lewis x O-glycan, a potent inhibitor of lymphocyte-endothelium adhesion; evidence that multivalency enhances the saccharide binding to L-selectin. Eur. J. Biochem. 234 (1995) 616-625
187. Maccarana M., Casu B., and Lindahl U. Minimal sequences in heparin/heparan sulate required for binding of basic fibroblast growth factor. J. Biol. Chem. 268 (1993) 23898-23905
188. Mahadoo J., and Wright C.J. Intrapulmonary heparin as a prospective anticoagulant regimen. In: Fareed J., Messmore H.L., Fenton II J.W., and Brinkhous K.M. (Eds). "Perspectives in Hemostasis" (1981), Pergamon Press, New York 233-240
189. Mahadoo J., Hiebert L.M., Jaques L.B., and Wright C.J. Endothelial sequestration of heparin administered by the intrapulmonary route. Artery 7 (1980) 438-447
190. Mahadoo J., Hiebert L.M., Wright C.J., and Jaques L.B. Vascular distribution of intratracheally administered heparin. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 370 (1981) 650-655
191. Mahadoo J., Wright C.J., and Jaques L.B. Effect of intrapulmonary heparin on lipoprotein lipase activity in mice. Atherosclerosis 28 (1981) 197-202
192. Mahadoo J., Wright C.J., and Jaques L.B. Effect of intrapulmonary heparin on plasma diamine oxidase (histaminase) activity in mice. Agents Actions 11 (1981) 335-338
193. Maimone M.M., and Tollefsen D.M. Structure of a dermatan sulfate hexasaccharide that binds to heparin cofactor II with high affinity. J. Biol. Chem. 265 (1990) 18263-18271
194. Makarem R., Newham P., Askari J.A., Green L.J., Clements J., Edwards M., Humphries M.J., and Mould A.P. Competitive binding of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and the HepII/IIICS domain of fibronectin to the integrin α4β1. J. Biol. Chem. 269 (1994) 4005-4011
195. Malhotra R., Taylor N.R., and Bird M.I. Anionic phospholipids bind to L-selection (but not E-selectin) at a site distinct from the carbohydrate-binding site. Biochem. J. 314 (1996) 297-303
196. Manaster J., Chezar J., Shurtz-Swirski R., Shapiro G., Tendler Y., Kristal B., Shasha S.M., and Sela S. Heparin induces apoptosis in human peripheral blood neutrophils. Brit. J. Haematol. 94 (1996) 48-52
197. Martineau P., and Vaughan L.M. Heparin inhalation for asthma. Ann. Pharmacother. 29 (1995) 71-73
198. Matzner Y., Marx G., Drexler R., and Eldor A. The inhibitory effect of heparin and related glycosaminoglycans on neutrophil chemotaxis. Thromb. Haemostas. (Stuttgart) 52 (1984) 134-137
199. McEver R.P. Selectins. Curr. Opin. Immunol. 6 (1994) 75-84
200. McGeer P.L., Schulzer M., and McGeer E.G. Arthritis and anti-inflammatory agents as possible protective factors for Alzheimer's disease: A review of 17 epidemiological studies. Neurol. 47 (1996) 425-432
201. McLean J. The discovery of heparin. Circulation 19 (1959) 75-78
202. Messmore Jr. H.L., Griffin B., Fareed J., Coyne E., and Seghatchian J. In vitro studies of the interaction of heparin, low molecular weight heparin and heparinoids with platelets. Annals N. Y. Acad. Sci. 556 (1989) 217-232
203. Metzger W.J. Therapeutic approaches to asthma based on VLA-4 integrin and its counter receptors. Springer Semin. Immunopathol. 16 (1995) 467-478
204. Miller M.D., and Krangel M.S. Biology and biochemistry of the chemokines: A family of chemotactic and inflammatory cytokines. Crit. Rev. Immunol. 12 (1992) 17-46
205. Moczar E., and Hornebeck W. A lipophilic heparin derivative protects elastin against degradation by leucocyte elastase. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 13 (1991) 261-262
206. 2 production. Am. J. Pathol. 104 (1981) 132-141
207. Moore K.L., Eaton S.F., Lyons D.E., Lichenstein H.S., Cummings R.D., and McEver R.P. The P-selectin glycoprotein ligand from human neutrophils displays sialylated, fucosylated, O-linked poly-N-acetyllactosamine. J. Biol. Chem. 269 (1994) 23318-23327
208. Moore K.L., Stults N.L., Diaz S., Smith D.F., Cummings R.D., Varki A., and McEver R.P. Identification of a specific glycoprotein ligand for P-selectin (CD62) on myeloid cells. J. Cell Biol. 118 (1992) 445-456
209. Morrison A.M., Wang P., and Chaudry I.H. A novel non-anticoagulant heparin prevents vascular endothelial cell dysfunction during hyperdynamic sepsis. Shock 6 (1996) 46-51
210. Motojima S., Frigas E., Loegering D.A., and Gleich G.J. Toxicity of eosinophil cationic proteins for guinea pig tracheal epithelium in vitro. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 139 (1989) 801-805
211. Mould A.P., and Humphries M.J. Identification of a novel recognition sequence for the integrin α4β1 in the COOH-terminal heparin-binding domain of fibronectin. EMBO J. 10 (1991) 4089-4095
212. Murch S.H., MacDonald T.T., Walker-Smith J.A., Levin M., Lionettti P., and Klein N.J. Disruption of sulphated glycosaminoglycans in intestinal inflammation. Lancet 341 (1993) 711-714
213. Murtomaki S., Risteli J., Risteli L., Koivisto U.M., Johansson S., and Liesi P. Laminin and its neurite outgrowth-promoting domain in the brain in Alzheimer's disease and Down's syndrome patients. J. Neurosci. Res. 32 (1992) 261-273
214. Nader H.B., and Dietrich C.P. Natural occurrence and possible biological role of heparin. In: Lane D.A., and Lindahl U. (Eds). "Heparin Chemical and Biological Properties, Clinical Applications" (1989), CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 81-96
215. Nader H.B., Strauss A.H., Takahashi H.K., and Dietrich C.P. Selective appearance of heparin in mammalian tissues during development. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 714 (1982) 292-297
216. Naparstek Y., Ben-Yehuda A., Madaio M.P., Bar-Tana R., Schuger L., Pizov G., Neeman Z., and Cohen I.R. Binding of anti-DNA antibodies and inhibition of glomerulonephritis in MRL-1pr/1pr mice by heparin. Arthr. Rheum. 33 (1990) 1554-1559
217. Narindrasorasak S., Altman R.A., Gonzalezdewhitt P., Greenberg B.D., and Kisilevsky R. An interaction between basement membrane and Alzheimer amyloid precursor proteins suggests a role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Lab. Invest. 72 (1995) 272-282
218. Needham L., Hellewell P.G., Williams T.J., and Gordon J.L. Endothelial functional responses and increased vascular permeability induced by polycations. Lab. Invest. 59 (1988) 538-548
219. Nelson D.S. The effects of anticoagulants and other drugs on cellular and cutaneous reactions to antigen in guinea-pigs with delayed-type hypersensitivity. Immunology 9 (1965) 219-234
220. Nelson R.M., Cecconi O., Roberts W.G., Aruffo A., Linhardt R.J., and Bevilacqua M.P. Heparin oligosaccharides bind L-and P-selectin and inhibit acute inflammation. Blood 82 (1993) 3253-3258
221. Nilsson L., Peterson C., Venge P., Borowiec J.W., and Thelin S. Eosinophil granule proteins in cardiopulmonary bypass with and without heparin coating. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 59 (1995) 713-716
222. Norgard K.E., Moore K.L., Diaz S., Stults N.L., Ushiyama S., McEver R.P., Cummings R.D., and Varki A. Characterization of a specific ligand for P-selectin on myeloid cells: A minor glycoprotein with sialylated O-linked oligosaccharides. J. Biol. Chem. 268 (1993) 12764-12774
223. Norgard-Sumnicht K., and Varki A. Endothelial heparan sulfate proteoglycans that bind to L-selectin have glycosamine residues with unsubstituted amino groups. J. Biol. Chem. 270 (1995) 12012-12024
224. Norgard-Sumnicht K.E., Varki N.M., and Varki A. Calcium-dependent heparinlike ligands for L-selectin in nonlymphoid endothelial cells. Science 261 (1993) 480-483
225. Nourshargh S., and Williams T.J. Molecular and cellular interactions mediating granulocyte accumulation in vivo. Sem. Cell Biol. 6 (1995) 317-326
226. O'Donnell W.J., Rosenberg M.A., Kelleher K., Drazen J.M., and Israel E. Inhaled heparin does not protect asthmatics against antigen-induced brochconstriction. Am. Rev. Respir, Dis. 145 (1992) A422 Part 2, [Abstract]
227. Olivecrona T., Bengtsson G., Marklund S.-E., Lindahl U., and Höök M. Heparinlipoprotein lipase interactions. Fed. Proc. FASEB 36 (1977) 60-65
228. Oyanagui Y., and Sato S. Heparin, a potent releasing agent of extracellular superoxide dismutase (ecsod C), suppresses ischaemic paw oedema in mice. Free Rad. Res. Commun. 9 (1990) 87-99
229. 2 agonists. Lancet 337 (1991) 717-720
230. Pardi R., Inverardi L., and Bender J.R. Regulatory mechanisms in leukocyte adhesion: Flexible receptors for sophisticated travelers. Immunol. Today 13 (1992) 224-230
231. Parsons C.L., Housley T., Schmidt J.D., and Lebow D. Treatment of interstitial cystitis with intravesical heparin. Br. J. Urol. 73 (1994) 504-507
232. Parsons C.W. Epithelial coating techniques in the treatment of interstitial cystitis. Urology 49 Suppl 5A (1997) 100-104
233. Pasini F.L., Pasqui A.L., Ceccatelli L., Capecchi P.L., Orrico A., and di Perri T. Heparin inhibition of polymorphonuclear leukocyte activation in vitro: A possible pharmacological approach to granulocyte-mediated vascular damage. Thromb. Res. 35 (1984) 527-537
234. Pavord I., Mudassar T., Bennett J., Wilding P., and Knox A. The effect of inhaled heparin on bronchial reactivity to sodium metabisulphite and methacholine in patients with asthma. Eur. J. Respir. 9 (1996) 217-219
235. Piazolo L., Harenberg J., Malsch R., and Heene D.L. Binding of fluorescent-labeled low molecular mass heparin to latex microspheres and to rat and human leukocytes. Semin. Thromb. Hemost. 20 (1994) 227-235
236. Pouyani T., and Seed B. PSGL-1 recognition of P-selectin is controlled by a tyrosine sulfation consensus at the PSGL-1 amino terminus. Cell 83 (1995) 333-343
237. Preuss J.M.H., and Page C.P. Effect of heparin on antigen-induced airway responses in neonatally immunized rabbits. Am. J. Hosp. Crit. Care Med. 153 (1996) A627 [Abstract]
238. Purkerson M.L., Tollefsen D.M., and Klahr S. N-desulfated/acetylated heparin ameliorates the progression of renal disease in rats with subtotal renal ablation. J. Clin. Invest. 81 (1988) 69-74
239. Ragazzi E., and Chinellato A. Heparin: Pharmacological potentials from atherosclerosis to asthma. Gen. Pharmacol. 26 (1995) 697-701
240. Rajtar G., Marchi E., de Gaetano G., and Cerletti C. Effects of glycosaminoglycans on platelet and leucocyte function: Role of N-sulfation. Biochem. Pharmacol. 46 (1993) 958-960
241. Rana M.W., Singh G., Wang P., Dean R.E., and Chaudry I.H. Heparin administration before or after hemorrhagic shock protects microvascular patency. Circ. Shock 31 (1990) 59-60
242. Rana M.W., Singh G., Wang P., Ayala A., Zhou M., and Chaudry I.H. Protective effects of preheparinization on the microvasculature during and after hemorrhagic shock. J. Trauma 32 (1992) 420-426
243. Rao N.V., Kennedy T.P., Rao G., Ky N., and Hoidal J.R. Sulfated polysaccharides prevent human leukocyte elastase-induced acute lung injury and emphysema in hamsters. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 142 (1990) 407-412
244. Razi N., and Lindahl U. Biosynthesis of heparin/heparan sulfate. J. Biol. Chem. 270 (1995) 11267-11275
245. 1 proteinase inhibitor. Biochem. Pharmacol. 37 (1988) 4257-4261
246. Redini F., Tixier J.-M., Petitou M., Choay J., Robert L., and Hornebeck W. Inhibition of leucocyte elastase by heparin and its derivatives. Biochem. J. 252 (1988) 515-519
247. Riesenberg K., Schlaeffer F., Katz A., and Levy R. Inhibition of superoxide production in human neutrophils by combinations of heparin and thrombolytic agents. Br. Heart J. 73 (1995) 14-19
248. Rogers J., Cooper R.N., Webster S., Schultz J., McGeer P.L., Styren S.D., Civin W.H., Brachova L., Brandt B., Ward P., and Lieberberg I. Complement activation by beta amyloid in Alzheimer's disease. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89 (1992) 10016-10020
249. Rogers J., Webster S., Lue L.F., Brachova L., Civin W.H., Emmerling M., Shivers B., Walker D., and McGeer P. Inflammation and Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis. Neurobiol. Aging 17 (1996) 681-686
250. Romanic A.M., and Madri J.A. The induction of 72-kD gelatinase in T cells upon adhesion to endothelial cells is VCAM-1 dependent. J. Cell Biol. 125 (1994) 1165-1178
251. Rosen S.D., and Bertozzi C.R. The selectins and their ligands. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 6 (1994) 663-673
252. Rosenberg R.N. A causal role for amyloid in Alzheimer's disease-The end of the beginning. Neurology 43 (1993) 851-856
253. Rosner S.W. Heparin administered as an aerosol. Vasc. Dis. 2 (1965) 131-134
254. Rot A. Endothelial cell binding of NAP-1/IL-8: Role in neutrophil emigration. Immunol. Today 13 (1992) 291-294
255. Rot A. Binding of neutrophil attractant/activation protein-1 (interleukin 8) to resident dermal cells. Cytokine 4 (1992) 347-352
256. Roth S.J., Carr M.W., and Springer T.A. C-C chemokines, but not the C-X-C chemokines interleukin-8 and interferon-γ inducible protein-10, stimulate transendothelial chemotaxis of T lymphocytes. Eur. J. Immunol. 25 (1995) 3482-3488
257. Ruoslahti E. Proteoglycans in cell recognition. J. Biol. Chem. 264 (1989) 13369-13372
258. Sagara H., Matsuda H., Wada N., Yagita H., Fukuda T., Okumura K., Makino S., and Ra C. A monoclonal antibody against very late activation antigen-4 inhibits eosinophil accumulation and late asthmatic response in a guinea pig model of asthma. Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. 112 (1997) 287-294
259. Sako D., Comess K.M., Barone K.M., Camphausen R.T., Cumming D.A., and Shaw G.D. A sulfated peptide segment at the amino terminus of PSGL-1 is critical for P-selectin binding. Cell 83 (1995) 323-331
260. Saliba Jr. M.J., Covell J.W., and Bloor C.M. Effects of heparin in large doses on the extent of myocardial ischemia after acute coronary occlusion in the dog. Am. J. Cardiology 37 (1976) 599-603
261. Salmivirta M., and Jalkanen M. Syndecan family of cell surface proteoglycans: Developmentally regulated receptors for extracellular effector molecules. Experientia 51 (1995) 863-872
262. Samoszuk M.K., Petersen A., Gidanian F., and Rietveld C. Cytophilic and cytotoxic properties of human eosinophil peroxidase plus major basic protein. Am. J. Pathol. 132 (1988) 455-460
263. Santana A., Hyslop S., Antunes E., Mariano M., Bakhle Y.S., and DeNucci G. Inflammatory responses induced by poly-L-arginine in rat lungs in vivo. Agents Actions 39 (1993) 104-110
264. Sasaki M., Herd C.M., and Page C.P. Effect of heparin and a low-molecular weight hepariniod on PAF-induced airway responses in neonatally immunized rabbits. Br. J. Pharmacol. 110 (1993) 107-112
265. Savage B., Saldivar E., and Ruggeri Z.M. Initiation of platelet adhesion by arrest onto fibrinogen or translocation on von Willebrand factor. Cell 84 (1996) 289-297
266. Schlessinger J., Lax I., and Lemmon M. Regulation of growth factor activation by proteoglycans: What is the role of the low affinity receptors?. Cell 83 (1995) 357-360
267. Seeds E.A.M., Hanss J., and Page C.P. The effect of heparin and related proteoglycans on allergen and PAF-induced eosinophil infiltration. J. Lipid Mediators 7 (1993) 269-278
268. Seeds E.A.M., Horne A.P., Tyrrell D.J., and Page C.P. The effect of inhaled heparin and related glycosaminoglycans on allergen-induced eosinophil infiltration in guinea-pigs. Pulm. Pharmacol. 8 (1995) 97-105
269. Shailubhai K., Abbas S.Z., and Jacob G.S. Polysulfated derivatives of β-cyclodextrin and myo-inositol as potent inhibitors of the interaction between L-selectin and peripheral addressin: Implying a requirement for highly clustered sulfate groups. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 229 (1996) 488-493
270. Shailubhai K., Streeter P.R., Smith C.E., and Jacob G.S. Sulfation and sialylation requirements for a glycoform of CD34, a major endothelial ligand for L-selectin in porcine peripheral lymph nodes. Glycobiology 7 (1997) 305-314
271. Sharath M.D., Merchant Z.M., Kim Y.S., Rice K.G., Linhardt R.J., and Weiler J.M. Small heparin fragments regulate the amplification pathway of complement. Immunopharmacology 9 (1985) 73-80
272. Shiba T., Ikeda M., Hara A., Yoshida H., Kaneko H., and Takeuchi S. Mechanism of acute gastrointestinal mucosal damage in endotoxic shock and the effect of Fragmin. Semin. Thromb. Hemost. 16 (1990) 55-59
273. Shute J. Interleukin-8 is a potent eosinophil chemo-attractant. Clin. Exper. Allergy 24 (1994) 203-206
274. Silbert J.E. Biosynthesis of heparin: Formation of a sulfated glycosaminoglycan with a microsomal preparation from mast tumor cells. J. Biol. Chem. 242 (1967) 5153-5157
275. Silvestro L., Viano I., Macario M., Colangelo D., Montrucchio G., Panico S., and Fantozzi R. Effects of heparin and its desulfated derivatives on leukocyte-endothelial adhesion. Semin. Thromb. Hemost. 20 (1994) 254-258
276. Simonet W.S., Hughes T.M., Nguyen H.Q., Trebasky L.D., Danilenko D.M., and Medlock E.S. Long-term impaired neutrophil migration in mice overexpressing human interleukin-8. J. Clin. Invest. 94 (1994) 1310-1319
277. Singh G., Chaudry K.L., and Chaudry I.H. Restoration of gut absorptive capacity following trauma-hemorrhagic shock by the adjuvant use of heparan sulfate. J. Trauma 34 (1993) 645-652
278. Sivaram P., Obunike J.C., and Goldberg I.J. Lysolecithin-induced alteration of subendothelial heparan sulfate proteoglycans increases monocyte binding to matrix. J. Biol. Chem. 270 (1995) 29760-29765
279. Skinner M.P., Fournier D.J., Andrews R.K., Gorman J.J., Chesterman C.N., and Berndt M.C. Characterization of human platelet GMP-140 as a heparin-binding protein. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 164 (1989) 1373-1379
280. Skinner M.P., Lucas C.M., Burns G.F., Chesterman C.N., and Berndt M.C. GMP-140 binding to neutrophils is inhibited by sulfated glycans. J. Biol. Chem. 266 (1991) 5371-5374
281. Slungaard A., Vercellotti G.M., Walker G., Nelson R.D., and Jacob H.S. Tumor necrosis factor α/cachectin stimulates eosinophil oxidant production and toxicity towards human endothelium. J. Exp. Med. 171 (1990) 2025-2041
282. Small D.H., Nurcombe V., Reed G., Clarris H., Moir R., Beyreuther K., and Masters C.L. A heparin-binding domain in the amyloid protein precursor of Alzheimer's disease is involved in the regulation of neurite outgrowth. J. Neurosci. 14 (1994) 2117-2127
283. Smith D.E., and Furcht L.T. Localization of two unique heparin binding domains of human plasma fibronectin with monoclonal antibodies. J. Biol. Chem. 257 (1982) 6518-6524
284. Snow A.D., and Wight T.N. Proteoglycans in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease and other amyloidoses. Neurobiol. Aging 10 (1989) 481-497
285. Snow A.D., Kinsella M.G., Parkes E., Sekiguchi R.T., Miller J.D., Kimata K., and Wight T.N. Differential binding of vascular cell-derived proteoglycans (perlecan, biglycan, decorin and versican) to the beta-amyloid protein of Alzheimer's disease. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 320 (1995) 84-95
286. Snow A.D., Lara S., Nochlin D., and Wight T.N. Cationic dyes reveal proteoglycans structurally integrated within the characteristic lesions of Alzheimer's disease. Acta neuropathologica. 78 (1989) 113-123
287. Snow A.D., Mar H., Nochlin D., Kimata K., Kato M., Suzuki S., Hassell J., and Wight T.N. The presence of heparan sulfate proteoglycan in the neuritic plaques and congophilic angiopathy in Alzheimer's disease. Am. J. Pathol. 133 (1988) 456-463
288. Snow A.D., Mar H., Nochlin D., Sekiguchi R.T., Kimata K., Koike Y., and Wight T.N. Early accumulation of heparan sulfate in neurons and in the beta amyloid protein-containing lesions of Alzheimer's disease and Down's syndrome. Am. J. Pathol. 137 (1990) 1253-1270
289. Snow A.D., Sekiguchi R.T., Nochlin D., Fraser P., Kinsella M.G., Mizutani A., Arai M., Schreier W.A., and Morgan D.G. An important role of heparan sulfate proteoglycan (perlecan) in a model system of the deposition and persistence of fibrillar A beta-amyloid in rat brain. Neuron 12 (1994) 219-234
290. Springer T.A. Traffic signals for lymphocyte recirculation and leukocyte emigration: The multistep paradigm. Cell 76 (1994) 301-314
291. Springer T.A. Traffic signals on endothelium for lymphocyte recirculation and leukocyte emigration. Annu. Rev. Physiol. 57 (1995) 827-872
292. Sternbergh III W.C., Makhoul R.G., and Adelman B. Heparin prevents postischemic endothelial cell dysfunction by a mechanism independent of its anticoagulant activity. J. Vasc. Surg. 17 (1993) 318-327
293. Sternbergh III W.C., Sobel M., and Makhoul R.G. Heparinoids with low anticoagulant potency attenuate postischemic endothelial cell dysfunction. J. Vasc. Surg. 21 (1995) 477-483
294. Stipp C.S., Litwack E.D., and Lander A.D. Cerebroglycan-An integral membrane heparan sulfate proteoglycan that is unique to the developing nervous system and expressed specifically during neuronal differentiation. J. Cell Biol. 124 (1994) 149-160
295. Strittmatter W.J., Huang D.Y., Bhasin R., Roses A.D., and Goldgaber D. Avid binding of beta-A amyloid peptide to its own precursor. Exp. Neurol. 122 (1993) 327-334
296. Sy M.S., Schneeberger E., McCluskey R., Greene M.I., Rosenberg R.D., and Benacerraf B. Inhibition of delayed-type hypersensitivity by heparin depleted of anticoagulant activity. Cell Immunol. 82 (1983) 23-32
297. Symon F.A., Lawrence M.B., Williamson M.L., Walsh G.M., Watson S.R., and Wardlaw A.J. Functional and structural characterization of the eosinophil P-selectin ligand. J. Immunol. 157 (1996) 1711-1719
298. Symon F.A., Walsh G.M., Watson S.R., and Wardlaw A.J. Eosinophil adhesion to nasal polyp endothelium is P-selectin-dependent. J. Exp. Med. 180 (1994) 371-376
299. Tanaka Y., Adams D.H., Hubscher S., Hirano H., Siebenlist U., and Shaw S. T-cell adhesion induced by proteoglycan-immobilized cytokine MIP-1β. Nature 361 (1993) 79-82
300. Tanaka Y., Adams D.H., and Shaw S. Proteoglycans on endothelial cells present adhesion-inducing cytokines to leukocytes. Immunol. Today 14 (1993) 111-115
301. Tanaka Y., Kimata K., Wake A., Mine S., Morimoto I., Yamakawa N., Habuchi H., Ashikari S., Yamamoto H., Sakuri K., Yoshida K., Suzuki S., and Eto S. Heparan sulfate proteoglycan on leukemic cells is primarily involved in integrin triggering and its mediated adhesion to endothelial cells. J. Exp. Med. 184 (1996) 1987-1997
302. Tangelder G.J., and Arfors K.E. Inhibition of leukocyte rolling in venules by protamine and sulfated polysaccharides. Blood 77 (1991) 1565-1571
303. Taub D.D., Turcovski-Corrales S.M., Key M.L., Longo D.L., and Murphy W.J. Chemokines and T lymphocyte activation: β Chemokines costimulate human T lymphocyte activation in vitro. J. Immunol. 156 (1996) 2095-2103
304. Tedder T.F., Steeber D.A., Chen A., and Engel P. The selectins: Vascular adhesion molecules. FASEB J. 9 (1995) 866-873
305. Teixeira M.M., and Hellewell P.G. Suppression by intradermal administration of heparin of eosinophil accumulation but not oedema formation in inflammatory reactions in guinea-pig skin. Br. J. Pharmacol. 110 (1993) 1496-1500
306. Teixeira M.M., Rossi A.G., and Hellewell P.G. Adhesion mechanisms involved in C5a-induced eosinophil homotypic aggregation. J. Leukocyte Biol. 59 (1996) 389-396
307. Teran L.M., Noso N., Carroll M., Davies D.E., Holgate S., and Schroder J.M. Eosinophil recruitment following allergen challenge is associated with the release of the chemokine RANTES into asthmatic airways. J. Immunol. 157 (1996) 1806-1812
308. Theroux P., Waters D., Qiu S., McCans J., DeGuise P., and Juneau M. Aspirin versus heparin to prevent myocardial infarction during the acute phase of unstable angina. Circulation 88 (1993) 2045-2048
309. Toledo O.M., and Dietrich C.P. Tissue-specific distribution of sulfated mucopolysaccharides in mammals. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 498 (1977) 114-122
310. x expressed on the cell surface supports L-selectinmediated adhesion. J. Biol. Chem. 271 (1996) 27213-27216
311. Tsuji T., Nagata K., Koike J., Todoroki N., and Irimura T. Induction of superoxide anion production from monocytes and neutrophils by activated platelets through the P-selectin-sialyl Lewis x interaction. J. Leukocyte Biol. 56 (1994) 583-587
312. Tu L., Chen A., Delahunty M.D., Moore K.L., Watson S.R., McEver R.P., and Tedder T.F. L-selectin binds to P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 on leukocytes: Interaction between the lectin, epidermal growth factor, and consensus repeat domains of the selectins determine ligand binding specificity. J. Immunol. 157 (1996) 3995-4004
313. Tyrrell D.J., Ishihara M., Rao N., Horne A., Kiefer M.C., Stauber G.B., Lam L.H., and Stack R.J. Structure and biological activities of a heparin-derived hexasaccharide with high affinity for basic fibroblast growth factor. J. Biol. Chem. 268 (1993) 4684-4689
314. Tyrrell D.J., Kilfeather S., and Page C.P. Therapeutic uses of heparin beyond its traditional role as an anticoagulant. Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 16 (1995) 198-204
315. van den Born J., Gunnarsson K., Bakker M.A.H., Kjellén L., Kusch-Gullberg M., Maccarana M., Berden J.H.M., and Lindahl U. Presence of N-unsubstituted glucosamine units in native heparan sulfate revealed by a monoclonal antibody. J. Biol. Chem. 270 (1995) 31303-31309
316. Varki A. Selectin ligands. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91 (1994) 7390-7397
317. Vlodavsky I., Eldor A., Haimovitz-Friedman A., Matzner Y., Ishai-Michaeli R., Lider O., Naparstek Y., Cohen I.R., and Fuks Z. Expression of heparanase by platelets and circulating cells of the immune system: Possible involvement in diapedesis and extravasation. Inv. Metastasis 12 (1992) 112-127
318. Vlodavsky I., Miao H.Q., Atzmon R., Levy E., Zimmermann J., Bar-Shavit R., Peretz T., and Ben-Sasson S.A. Control of cell proliferation by heparan sulfate- and heparin-binding growth factors. Thromb. Haemost. 74 (1995) 534-540
319. von Andrian U., Hasslen S.R., Nelson R.D., Erlandsen S.L., and Butcher E.C. A central role for microvillous receptor presentation in leukocyte adhesion under flow. Cell 82 (1995) 989-999
320. Waddell T.K., Fialkow L., Chan C.K., Kishimoto T.K., and Downey G.P. Potentiation of the oxidative burst of human neutrophils: A signaling role for L-selectin. J. Biol. Chem. 269 (1994) 18485-18491
321. Waddell T.K., Fialkow L., Chan C.K., Kishimoto T.K., and Downey G.P. Signaling functions of L-selectin: Enhancement of tyrosine phosphorylation and activation of MAP kinase. J. Biol. Chem. 270 (1995) 15403-15411
322. Walcheck B., Moore K.L., McEver R.P., and Kishimoto T.K. Neutrophil-neutrophil interactions under hydrodynamic shear stress involve L-selectin and PSGL-1: A mechanism that amplifies initial leukocyte accumulation on P-selectin in vitro. J. Clin. Invest. 98 (1996) 1081-1087
323. Walsh R.L., Dillon T.J., Scicchitano R., and McLennan G. Heparin and heparan sulphate are inhibitors of human leucocyte elastase. Clin. Sci. 81 (1991) 341-346
324. Wang P., Ba Z.F., and Chaudry I.H. Endothelial cell dysfunction occurs after hemorrhage in nonheparinized but not in preheparinized models. J. Surg. Res. 54 (1993) 499-506
325. Wang P., Singh G., Rana M.W., Ba Z.F., and Chaudry I.H. Preheparinization improves organ function after hemorrhage and resuscitation. Am. J. Physiol. 259 (1990) R645-R650
326. Wang P., Zheng F., Reich S.S., Zhou M., Holme K.R., and Chaudry I.H. A novel non-anticoagulant heparin (GM1892) restores cardiovascular and hepatocellular function following trauma-hemorrhage and decreases susceptibility to sepsis. Surg. Forum Am. College Surgeons 45 (1994) 52-54
327. Wang P., Zheng F., Reich S.S., Zhou M., Holme K.R., and Chaudry I.H. Effects of nonanticoagulant heparin on cardiovascular and hepatocellular function after hemorrhagic shock. Am. J. Physiol. 270 (1996) H1294-H1302
328. Watkins J.M., Spain D.A., Krysztopik R.J., Downard P.J., Wilson M.A., and Garrison R.N. Heparan preserves intestinal perfusion after hemorrhage and resuscitation. J. Surg. Res. 66 (1996) 154-158
329. Webb L.M.C., Ehrengruber M.U., Clark-Lewis I., Baggiolini M., and Rot A. Binding to heparan sulfate or heparin enhances neutrophil responses to interleukin-8. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90 (1993) 7158-7162
330. Webster S., Glabe C., and Rogers J. Multivalent binding of complement protein C1q to the amyloid beta-peptide (Aβ) promotes the nucleation phase of Aβ aggregation. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 217 (1995) 869-875
331. Weiler J.M., Edens R.E., Linhardt R.J., and Kapelanski D.P. Heparin and modified heparin inhibit complement activation in vivo. J. Immunol. 148 (1992) 3210-3215
332. Weiner O.H., Zoremba M., and Gressner A.M. Gene expression of syndecans and betaglycan in isolated rat liver cells. Cell Tissue Res. 285 (1996) 11-16
333. Wilkins P.P., McEver R.P., and Cummings R.D. Structures of the O-glycans on P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 from HL-60 cells. J. Biol. Chem. 271 (1996) 18732-18742
334. Wilkins P.P., Moore K.L., McEver R.P., and Cummings R.D. Tyrosine sulfation of P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 is required for high affinity binding to P-selectin. J. Biol. Chem. 270 (1995) 22677-22680
335. Willenborg D.O., and Parish C.R. Inhibition of allergic encephalomyelitis in rats by treatment with sulfated polysaccharides. J. Immunol. 140 (1988) 3401-3405
336. Williams P.D., Lopez H., Britt D., Chan C., Ezrin A., and Hottendorf R. Characterization of renal reperfusion injury in rats. J. Pharmacol. Toxicol. Methods 37 (1997) 1-7
337. Williams P.D., Tyrrell D.J., Storm N.E., Holme K.R., Salame R., and Banks C. Use of a precise intratracheal delivery system to compare the acute tolerance of heparin and the heparinoid GM2000 in rabbits. Toxicol. Methods 7 (1997) 1-7
338. Witt D.P., and Lander A.D. Differential binding of chemokines to glycosaminoglycan subpopulations. Curr. Biol. 4 (1994) 394-400
339. Wright C.J., and Jaques L.B. Heparin via the lung. Can. J. Surg. 22 (1979) 317-319
340. Wright J.G., Kerr J.C., Valeri R., and Hobson II R.W. Heparin decreases ischemia-reperfusion injury in isolated canine gracilis model. Arch. Surg. 123 (1988) 470-472
341. Yamada S., Murakami T., Tsuda H., Yoshida K., and Sugahara K. Isolation of the porcine heparin tetrasaccharides with glucuronate 2-O-sulfate-heparinase cleaves glucuro-nate 2-O-sulfate-containing disaccharides in highly sulfated blocks in heparin. J. Biol. Chem. 270 (1995) 8696-8705
342. Yanaka K., Spellman S.R., McCarthy J.B., Oegema Jr. T.R., Low W.C., and Camarata P.J. Reduction of brain injury using heparin to inhibit leukocyte accumulation in a rat model of transient focal cerebral ischemia. I. Protective mechanism. J. Neurosurg. 85 (1996) 1102-1107
343. Yanaka K., Spellman S.R., McCarthy J.B., Low W.C., and Camarata P.J. Reduction of brain injury using heparin to inhibit leukocyte accumulation in a rat model of transient focal cerebral ischemia. II. Dose-response effect and the therapeutic window. J. Neurosurg. 85 (1996) 1108-1112
344. Ying Q.-L., Kemme M., Saunders D., and Simon S.R. Glycosaminoglycans regulate elastase inhibition by oxidized secretory leukoprotease inhibitor. Am. J. Physiol. 272 (1997) L533-L541
345. Young I.D., Willmer J.P., and Kisilevsky R. The ultrastructural localization of sulfated proteoglycans is identical in the amyloids of Alzheimer's disease and AA, AL, senile cardiac and medullary carcinoma-associated amyloidosis. Acta Neuropathol. 78 (1989) 202-209
346. Zapata-Sirvent R.L., Hansbrough J.F., Greenleaf G.E., Grayson L.S., and Wolf P. Reduction of bacterial translocation and intestinal structural alterations by heparin in a murine burn injury model. J. Trauma 36 (1994) 1-6
347. Zavgorodnily L.G., and Mustyats A.P. The use of anticoagulants in combined therapy of non-specific ulcerative colitis. Klinicheskaia Meditsina (Moskva) 6 (1982) 74-80
348. Zellweger R., Ayala A., Zhu X.-L., Holme K.R., DeMaso C.M., and Chaudry I.H. A novel nonanticoagulant heparin improves splenocyte and peritoneal macrophage immune function after trauma-hemorrhage and resucitation. J. Surg. Res. 59 (1995) 211-218
349. Zhang L.J., David G., and Esko J.D. Repetitive Ser-Gly sequences enhance heparan sulfate assembly in proteoglycans. J. Biol. Chem. 270 (1995) 27127-27135
350. Zhernakova T.V., Kashmenskaya N.A., Mal'tseva I.V., Prigozhina V.K., Fomin Y.A., Stepanova E.V., and Romanova E.I. Hemostasis and heparin therapy in nonspecific ulcerative colitis. Sovietskaya Meditsina (Moskva) 2 (1984) 110-113