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Nucleation of microtubule assembly by a γ-tubulin-containing ring complex
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Zheng YX, Wong ML, Alberts B, Mitchison TJ. Nucleation of microtubule assembly by a γ-tubulin-containing ring complex. Nature. 378:1995;578-583.
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Zheng, Y.X.1
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0028973450
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Microtubule nucleation by γ-tubulin containing rings in the centrosome
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Moritz M, Braunfeld MB, Sedat JW, Alberts B, Agard DA. Microtubule nucleation by γ-tubulin containing rings in the centrosome. Nature. 378:1995;637-640.
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Moritz, M.1
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3
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0028980382
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γ-Tubulin is an end specific microtubule binding protein
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Li Q, Joshi HC. γ-Tubulin is an end specific microtubule binding protein. J Cell Biol. 131:1995;207-214.
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0028978955
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γ-Tubulin can both nucleate microtubule assembly and self assemble into novel tubular structures
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Shu HB, Joshi HC. γ-Tubulin can both nucleate microtubule assembly and self assemble into novel tubular structures. J Cell Biol. 130:1995;1137-1147.
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Shu, H.B.1
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0026071835
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Taxol-induced microtubule asters in mitotic extracts of Xenopus eggs: Requirement for phosphorylated factors and cytoplasmic dynein
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Verde F, Berrez J-M, Antony C, Karsenti E. Taxol-induced microtubule asters in mitotic extracts of Xenopus eggs: requirement for phosphorylated factors and cytoplasmic dynein. J Cell Biol. 112:1991;1177-1187.
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Verde, F.1
Berrez J-M2
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Karsenti, E.4
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6
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0029836330
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Self-organization of microtubules into bipolar spindles around artificial chromosomes in Xenopus egg extracts
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of outstanding interest. This is a landmark study that shows microtubules can self-assemble into bipolar spindles around chromatin-coated beads. Furthermore, they show that a microtubule motor protein, cytoplasmic dynein, is essential for the self organization of spindle assembly in meiotic extracts prepared from Xenopus eggs.
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Heald R, Tournebize R, Blank T, Sandaltzopoulos R, Becker P, Hyman A, Karsenti E. Self-organization of microtubules into bipolar spindles around artificial chromosomes in Xenopus egg extracts. of outstanding interest Nature. 382:1996;420-425 This is a landmark study that shows microtubules can self-assemble into bipolar spindles around chromatin-coated beads. Furthermore, they show that a microtubule motor protein, cytoplasmic dynein, is essential for the self organization of spindle assembly in meiotic extracts prepared from Xenopus eggs.
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Nature
, vol.382
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Heald, R.1
Tournebize, R.2
Blank, T.3
Sandaltzopoulos, R.4
Becker, P.5
Hyman, A.6
Karsenti, E.7
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7
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0030961046
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Mitotic spindle poles are organized by structural and motor proteins in addition to centrosome
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of outstanding interest. This is a study parallel to Heald [6], which shows the organization of spindle poles in vertebrate somatic cells through mechanisms similar to those in Xenopus egg extracts involving contributions from both centrosomes, microtubule motor dynein, and the structural protein NuMA.
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Gaglio T, Dionne MA, Compton DA. Mitotic spindle poles are organized by structural and motor proteins in addition to centrosome. of outstanding interest J Cell Biol. 138:1997;1055-1066 This is a study parallel to Heald [6], which shows the organization of spindle poles in vertebrate somatic cells through mechanisms similar to those in Xenopus egg extracts involving contributions from both centrosomes, microtubule motor dynein, and the structural protein NuMA.
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(1997)
J Cell Biol
, vol.138
, pp. 1055-1066
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Gaglio, T.1
Dionne, M.A.2
Compton, D.A.3
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8
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0031013546
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Microtubule treadmilling in vivo
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of special interest. This study describes microtubule nucleation, microtubule release, and subsequent treadmilling of the released polymers which gives rise to an illusion of polymer transport from the center to the periphery of the cell.
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Rodionov VI, Borisy GG. Microtubule treadmilling in vivo. of special interest Science. 275:1997;215-218 This study describes microtubule nucleation, microtubule release, and subsequent treadmilling of the released polymers which gives rise to an illusion of polymer transport from the center to the periphery of the cell.
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(1997)
Science
, vol.275
, pp. 215-218
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Rodionov, V.I.1
Borisy, G.G.2
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9
-
-
0037813094
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Self-organization of microtubules and motors
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of outstanding interest. This study shows that purified microtubules and multiheaded kinesins can form dynamic asters and a variety of other self-organized structures. In addition, using constrained geometry of microfabricated glass chambers, the authors demonstrate that multiple assembly pathways can lead to the same final organization.
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Nedelec FJ, Surrey T, Maggs AC, Leibler S. Self-organization of microtubules and motors. of outstanding interest Nature. 389:1997;305-308 This study shows that purified microtubules and multiheaded kinesins can form dynamic asters and a variety of other self-organized structures. In addition, using constrained geometry of microfabricated glass chambers, the authors demonstrate that multiple assembly pathways can lead to the same final organization.
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(1997)
Nature
, vol.389
, pp. 305-308
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Nedelec, F.J.1
Surrey, T.2
Maggs, A.C.3
Leibler, S.4
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10
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0025109181
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Real-time visualization of cell cycle-dependent changes in microtubule dynamics in cytoplasmic extracts
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Belmont LD, Hyman AA, Sawin KE, Mitchison TJ. Real-time visualization of cell cycle-dependent changes in microtubule dynamics in cytoplasmic extracts. Cell. 62:1990;579-589.
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(1990)
Cell
, vol.62
, pp. 579-589
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Belmont, L.D.1
Hyman, A.A.2
Sawin, K.E.3
Mitchison, T.J.4
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11
-
-
0031010658
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Microtubule release from the centrosome
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of outstanding interest. Presents the first in vivo demonstration of continuous microtubule release from the centrosome and the turnover of released microtubules in the vicinity of the nucleus.
-
Keating TJ, Peloquin JG, Rodionov VI, Momcilovic D, Borisy GG. Microtubule release from the centrosome. of outstanding interest Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 94:1997;5078-5083 Presents the first in vivo demonstration of continuous microtubule release from the centrosome and the turnover of released microtubules in the vicinity of the nucleus.
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(1997)
Proc Natl Acad Sci USA
, vol.94
, pp. 5078-5083
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Keating, T.J.1
Peloquin, J.G.2
Rodionov, V.I.3
Momcilovic, D.4
Borisy, G.G.5
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12
-
-
0031013546
-
Microtubule treadmilling in vivo
-
of outstanding interest. This is the first demonstration of microtubule treadmilling in vivo. This is a beautiful analysis of single microtubules within living cells visualized using fluorescent injected tubulin in cultured vertebrate cells.
-
Rodinov VI, Borisy GG. Microtubule treadmilling in vivo. of outstanding interest Science. 275:1997;215-218 This is the first demonstration of microtubule treadmilling in vivo. This is a beautiful analysis of single microtubules within living cells visualized using fluorescent injected tubulin in cultured vertebrate cells.
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(1997)
Science
, vol.275
, pp. 215-218
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Rodinov, V.I.1
Borisy, G.G.2
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13
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0030060174
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Modulation of microtubule dynamics during the cell cycle
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of outstanding interest. This is a recommended short review of microtubule associated proteins that are thought to regulate microtubule dynamics in cells.
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McNally FJ. Modulation of microtubule dynamics during the cell cycle. of outstanding interest Curr Opin Cell Biol. 8:1996;23-29 This is a recommended short review of microtubule associated proteins that are thought to regulate microtubule dynamics in cells.
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(1996)
Curr Opin Cell Biol
, vol.8
, pp. 23-29
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McNally, F.J.1
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14
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Kinesin-related proteins required for assembly of the mitotic spindle
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Roof DM, Meluh PB, Rose MD. Kinesin-related proteins required for assembly of the mitotic spindle. J Cell Biol. 118:1992;95-108.
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J Cell Biol
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Roof, D.M.1
Meluh, P.B.2
Rose, M.D.3
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15
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0028245510
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Yeast Kar3 is a minus-end microtubule motor protein that destabilizes microtubules preferentially at the minus ends
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Endow SA, Kang SJ, Satterwhite LL, Rose MD, Skeen VP, Salmon ED. Yeast Kar3 is a minus-end microtubule motor protein that destabilizes microtubules preferentially at the minus ends. EMBO J. 13:1994;2708-2713.
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EMBO J
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Endow, S.A.1
Kang, S.J.2
Satterwhite, L.L.3
Rose, M.D.4
Skeen, V.P.5
Salmon, E.D.6
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16
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0030933383
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The Saccharomyces cerevisiae kinesin-related motor Kar3p acts at preanaphase spindle poles to limit the number and length of cytoplasmic microtubules
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of outstanding interest. This report includes a dramatic example of how the deletion of a motor protein, Kar3p, in budding yeast produces a clear increase in the cytoplasmic microtubules.
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Saunders W, Homack D, Lengyel V, Deng C. The Saccharomyces cerevisiae kinesin-related motor Kar3p acts at preanaphase spindle poles to limit the number and length of cytoplasmic microtubules. of outstanding interest J Cell Biol. 137:1997;417-431 This report includes a dramatic example of how the deletion of a motor protein, Kar3p, in budding yeast produces a clear increase in the cytoplasmic microtubules.
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(1997)
J Cell Biol
, vol.137
, pp. 417-431
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Saunders, W.1
Homack, D.2
Lengyel, V.3
Deng, C.4
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17
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85030307770
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Microtubule density controlled by antagonistic kinesin motors
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of outstanding interest. This is a nice study showing the antagonistic roles of two microtubule-based motors, Kip2p and Kar3p, in mediating microtubule stability in dividing yeast cells
-
Saunders WS, Zeng X, Huyett A. Microtubule density controlled by antagonistic kinesin motors. of outstanding interest J Cell Sci. 1997; This is a nice study showing the antagonistic roles of two microtubule-based motors, Kip2p and Kar3p, in mediating microtubule stability in dividing yeast cells.
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(1997)
J Cell Sci
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-
Saunders, W.S.1
Zeng, X.2
Huyett, A.3
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18
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0030931849
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Mitotic spindle positioning in Saccharomyces serevisiae is accomplished by antagonistically acting microtubule motor proteins
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of outstanding interest. This reference and the following reference [19] show, independently and impressively, how mutations in microtubule motor proteins produce microtubules that are longer than those in normal wildtype cells.
-
Cottingham FR, Hoyt MA. Mitotic spindle positioning in Saccharomyces serevisiae is accomplished by antagonistically acting microtubule motor proteins. of outstanding interest J Cell Biol. 138:1997;1041-1053 This reference and the following reference [19] show, independently and impressively, how mutations in microtubule motor proteins produce microtubules that are longer than those in normal wildtype cells.
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(1997)
J Cell Biol
, vol.138
, pp. 1041-1053
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Cottingham, F.R.1
Hoyt, M.A.2
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19
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0030928162
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Kinesin related KIP3 of S. cerevisiae is required for a distinct step in nuclear migration
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of outstanding interest. Please see annotation to [18].
-
DeZwaan TM, Ellingson E, Pellman D, Roof DM. Kinesin related KIP3 of S. cerevisiae is required for a distinct step in nuclear migration. of outstanding interest J Cell Biol. 138:1997;1023-1040 Please see annotation to [18].
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(1997)
J Cell Biol
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, pp. 1023-1040
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Dezwaan, T.M.1
Ellingson, E.2
Pellman, D.3
Roof, D.M.4
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20
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0030031999
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XKCM1: A Xenopus kinesin-related protein that regulates microtubule dynamics during mitotic spindle assembly
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of special interest. This is a very nice study showing that a kinesin-related protein from Xenopus plays a role in spindle morphogenesis by regulating microtubule dynamics.
-
Walczak CE, Mitchison TJ, Desai A. XKCM1: a Xenopus kinesin-related protein that regulates microtubule dynamics during mitotic spindle assembly. of special interest Cell. 84:1996;37-47 This is a very nice study showing that a kinesin-related protein from Xenopus plays a role in spindle morphogenesis by regulating microtubule dynamics.
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(1996)
Cell
, vol.84
, pp. 37-47
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Walczak, C.E.1
Mitchison, T.J.2
Desai, A.3
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21
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0030750203
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Microtubules orient the mitotic spindle in yeast through dynein-dependent interactions with the cell cortex
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of outstanding interest. These authors used a green fluorescent protein tag to visualize microtubules in living cells. Using this technique, they could analyze microtubule dynamics in cells defective in the microtubule motor protein dynein. The results show that dynein-deficient cells display dramatically altered microtubule dynamics, reinforcing the idea that motor proteins can alter microtubule dynamics.
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Carminati JL, Stearns T. Microtubules orient the mitotic spindle in yeast through dynein-dependent interactions with the cell cortex. of outstanding interest J Cell Biol. 138:1997;629-641 These authors used a green fluorescent protein tag to visualize microtubules in living cells. Using this technique, they could analyze microtubule dynamics in cells defective in the microtubule motor protein dynein. The results show that dynein-deficient cells display dramatically altered microtubule dynamics, reinforcing the idea that motor proteins can alter microtubule dynamics.
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(1997)
J Cell Biol
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, pp. 629-641
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Carminati, J.L.1
Stearns, T.2
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22
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Beyond self-assembly: From microtubule to morphogenesis
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Kirschner M, Mitchison TJ. Beyond self-assembly: from microtubule to morphogenesis. Cell. 45:1986;329-342.
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(1986)
Cell
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Kirschner, M.1
Mitchison, T.J.2
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23
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0030298137
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Cleveland DW: A complex of NuMA and cytoplasmic dynein is essential for mitotic spindle assembly
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of outstanding interest. This is a wonderful report of how the nuclear matrix associated protein NuMA forms a stoichiometric complex with the microtubule motor protein cytoplasmic dynein and the proteins that tether this motor to dynactin, in spindle morphogenesis. Using spindle assembly in Xenopus egg extracts, these authors show that the depletion of NuMA-dynein-dynactin complex of proteins is responsible for assembling a focused bipolar spindle in the absence of centrosomes.
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Merdes A, Ramyar K, Vechio JD. Cleveland DW: A complex of NuMA and cytoplasmic dynein is essential for mitotic spindle assembly. of outstanding interest Cell. 87:1996;447-458 This is a wonderful report of how the nuclear matrix associated protein NuMA forms a stoichiometric complex with the microtubule motor protein cytoplasmic dynein and the proteins that tether this motor to dynactin, in spindle morphogenesis. Using spindle assembly in Xenopus egg extracts, these authors show that the depletion of NuMA-dynein-dynactin complex of proteins is responsible for assembling a focused bipolar spindle in the absence of centrosomes.
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(1996)
Cell
, vol.87
, pp. 447-458
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Merdes, A.1
Ramyar, K.2
Vechio, J.D.3
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0023004707
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Immunostaining of spindle components in tipulid spermatocytes using a serum against pericentriolar material
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Bastmeyer M, Steffen W, Fuge H. Immunostaining of spindle components in tipulid spermatocytes using a serum against pericentriolar material. Eur J Cell Biol. 42:1986;305-310.
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Fuge, H.3
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25
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0022528964
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Aster-free spindle poles in insect spermatocytes: Evidence for chromosome-induced spindle formation
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Steffen W, Fuge H, Dietz R, Bestmeyer M, Muller G. Aster-free spindle poles in insect spermatocytes: evidence for chromosome-induced spindle formation. J Cell Biol. 102:1986;1679-1687.
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Steffen, W.1
Fuge, H.2
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Bestmeyer, M.4
Muller, G.5
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26
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0026551060
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Meiotic spindle assembly in Drosophila females: Behavior of nonexchange chromosomes and the effects of mutations in the nod kinesin-related protein
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Theurkauf WE, Hawley RS. Meiotic spindle assembly in Drosophila females: behavior of nonexchange chromosomes and the effects of mutations in the nod kinesin-related protein. J Cell Biol. 116:1992;1167-1180.
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Chromosomal control of meiotic cell division
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McKim KS, Hawley RS. Chromosomal control of meiotic cell division. Science. 270:1995;1595-1601.
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0029053823
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Vernos I, karsenti E. Chromosomes take the lead in spindle assembly. Trends Cell Biol. 5:1995;297-301.
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Karsenti, E.2
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29
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0029897393
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Anastral meiotic spindle morphogenesis: Role of the non-claret disjunctional kinesin-like protein
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Matthies HJG, McDonald HB, Goldstein LSB, Theurkauf WE. Anastral meiotic spindle morphogenesis: role of the non-claret disjunctional kinesin-like protein. J Cell Biol. 134:1996;455-464.
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0028877327
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NuMA is required for the organization of microtubules into aster-like mitotic arrays
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Gaglio T, Saredi A, Compton DA. NuMA is required for the organization of microtubules into aster-like mitotic arrays. J Cell Biol. 131:1995;693-708.
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Gaglio, T.1
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31
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Molecular characterization of the 50-kD subunit of dynactin reveals function for the complex in chromosome alignment and spindle organization during mitosis
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Echeverri CJ, Paschal BM, Vaughan KT, Vallee RB. Molecular characterization of the 50-kD subunit of dynactin reveals function for the complex in chromosome alignment and spindle organization during mitosis. J Cell Biol. 32:1996;617-633.
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0028877327
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NuMA is required for the organization of microtubules into aster-like mitotic arrays
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Gaglio T, Saredi A, Compton DA. NuMA is required for the organization of microtubules into aster-like mitotic arrays. J Cell Biol. 131:1995;693-708.
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Nicklas, R.B.1
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0024311160
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Mechanically cut mitotic spindles: Clean cuts and stable microtubules
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Nicklas RB, Lee GM, Rieder CL, Rupp G. Mechanically cut mitotic spindles: clean cuts and stable microtubules. J Cell Sci. 94:1989;415-423.
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J Cell Sci
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Nicklas, R.B.1
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Rupp, G.4
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0024369644
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Polewards microtubule flux in the mitotic spindle: Evidence from photoactivation of fluorescence
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Mitchison TJ. Polewards microtubule flux in the mitotic spindle: evidence from photoactivation of fluorescence. J Cell Biol. 109:1989;637-652.
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J Cell Biol
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Mitchison, T.J.1
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0027098030
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Polarity of flagellar assembly in Chlamydomonas
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Johnson KA, Rosenbaum JL. Polarity of flagellar assembly in Chlamydomonas. J Cell Biol. 119:1992;1605-1611.
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Johnson, K.A.1
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Transport of a novel complex in the cytoplasmic matrix of Chlamydomonas flagella
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Piperno G, Mead K. Transport of a novel complex in the cytoplasmic matrix of Chlamydomonas flagella. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 94:1997;4457-4462.
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Proc Natl Acad Sci USA
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Piperno, G.1
Mead, K.2
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40
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0030922765
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Heteromeric kinesin-II is required for the assembly of motile 9+2 ciliary axonemes on sea urchin embryos
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of special interest. These authors show that the microinjection of an anti-kinesin antibody into sea urchin embryos compromised the assembly of cilliary axonemes, which suggests that active kinesin-driven transport of flagellar axonemal components is required for assemble cilia assembly.
-
Morris RL, Scholey JM. Heteromeric kinesin-II is required for the assembly of motile 9+2 ciliary axonemes on sea urchin embryos. of special interest J Cell Biol. 138:1997;1009-1022 These authors show that the microinjection of an anti-kinesin antibody into sea urchin embryos compromised the assembly of cilliary axonemes, which suggests that active kinesin-driven transport of flagellar axonemal components is required for assemble cilia assembly.
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(1997)
J Cell Biol
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, pp. 1009-1022
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Morris, R.L.1
Scholey, J.M.2
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41
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0030882143
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The riddle of slow transport - An introduction
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of outstanding interest. This a highly recommended review of a very lively, yet good natured, debate on the mechanisms of slow axonal transport (see also [42,43]).
-
Bray D. The riddle of slow transport - an introduction. of outstanding interest Trends Cell Biol. 7:1997;379 This a highly recommended review of a very lively, yet good natured, debate on the mechanisms of slow axonal transport (see also [42,43]).
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(1997)
Trends Cell Biol
, vol.7
, pp. 379
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-
Bray, D.1
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42
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0030800454
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Slow axonal transport model: The polymer transport model
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of outstanding interest. In the context of the debate mentioned above [41], these authors present the argument for transport of microtubule polymers from the cell body into the growing axon.
-
Baas PW, Brown A. Slow axonal transport model: the polymer transport model. of outstanding interest Trends Cell Biol. 7:1997;384-388 In the context of the debate mentioned above [41], these authors present the argument for transport of microtubule polymers from the cell body into the growing axon.
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(1997)
Trends Cell Biol
, vol.7
, pp. 384-388
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-
Baas, P.W.1
Brown, A.2
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43
-
-
0030800454
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Slow axonal transport: The subunit transport model
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of outstanding interest. Here, the authors argue against Baas [42] in the slow axonal transport debate [41] and propose that tubulin subunits are assembled into polymers at the site of new axon growth.
-
Hirokawa N, Terada S, Funakoshi T, Takeda S. Slow axonal transport: the subunit transport model. of outstanding interest Trends Cell Biol. 7:1997;384-388 Here, the authors argue against Baas [42] in the slow axonal transport debate [41] and propose that tubulin subunits are assembled into polymers at the site of new axon growth.
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(1997)
Trends Cell Biol
, vol.7
, pp. 384-388
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Hirokawa, N.1
Terada, S.2
Funakoshi, T.3
Takeda, S.4
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Lasek RJ. Translocation of the axonal cytoskeleton and axonal locomotion. Phil Trans R Soc Lond Biol Sci. 299:1982;313-327.
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Assembly of microtubules at the tip of growing axons
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Bamburg JR, Bray D, Chapman K. Assembly of microtubules at the tip of growing axons. Nature. 321:1986;788-790.
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Nature
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Bamburg, J.R.1
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of outstanding interest. These authors show that microinjected fluorescent tubulin in neurons is transported into the axon from the cell body to the growing tip, where it assemblies into the newly grown axon.
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Active transport of photoactivated tubulin molecules in growing axons revealed by new electron microscopic analysis
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of outstanding interest. This is an extremely elegant study that combines the approache of localized photoactivation of tubulin with state-of-the-art immunoelectron microscopic determination of free tubulin and microtubules within the axons of the cultured neurons.
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Funakoshi T, Takeda S, Hirokawa N. Active transport of photoactivated tubulin molecules in growing axons revealed by new electron microscopic analysis. of outstanding interest J Cell Biol. 133:1996;1347-1354 This is an extremely elegant study that combines the approache of localized photoactivation of tubulin with state-of-the-art immunoelectron microscopic determination of free tubulin and microtubules within the axons of the cultured neurons.
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of outstanding interest. This is an outstanding study that relates to the transport of another class of cytoskeletal components, neurofilaments, which also undergo slow axonal transport. Similar issues are associated with both microtubule and neurofilament transport. The authors introduced a neurofilament protein, NF-M, that does not form filaments into neuronal cell bodies, and then analyzed the rate of the expressed protein's transport down the axon. They found that, in the absence of polymer assembly, this protein was transported down the axon normally.
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of special interest. These authors show convincingly that newly synthesized tubulin from within the neuronal cell body is rapidly and quantitatively transported to the growing tip of the axon. They show clearly that it is the extractable subunits/oligomers that are the form in which tubulin is transported down the neuronal axon.
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of outstanding interest. These authors injected tagged tubulin into the cell bodies of cultured neurons and then let these neurons grow axons for some time. They then asked the question of whether the injected tubulin from the cell body or the existing microtubule polymer pool in the axon was recruited for new axon growth. Their results appear to be very unambiguous in that 80% of the polymer in the new region of the axon was found to be derived from the injected tubulin; however, they have interpreted their data in a more complicated fashion. Nevertheless, readers of this review are recommended to read their report.
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Yu W, Schwei MJ, Baas PW. Microtubule transport and assembly during axon growth. of outstanding interest J Cell Biol. 133:1996;151-157 These authors injected tagged tubulin into the cell bodies of cultured neurons and then let these neurons grow axons for some time. They then asked the question of whether the injected tubulin from the cell body or the existing microtubule polymer pool in the axon was recruited for new axon growth. Their results appear to be very unambiguous in that 80% of the polymer in the new region of the axon was found to be derived from the injected tubulin; however, they have interpreted their data in a more complicated fashion. Nevertheless, readers of this review are recommended to read their report.
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