메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 76, Issue 2, 1998, Pages 77-89

The 1997 Stevenson Award Lecture. Cardiac K+ channel gating: Cloned delayed rectifier mechanisms and drug modulation

Author keywords

Channel gating; Gating currents; Inactivation; Kv1.5; Pore region; Potassium channel

Indexed keywords

4 AMINOPYRIDINE DERIVATIVE; CATION; MEMBRANE PROTEIN; NIFEDIPINE; POTASSIUM CHANNEL; QUINIDINE; TETRYLAMMONIUM; VOLTAGE GATED CHANNEL FORMING PROTEIN;

EID: 0031779840     PISSN: 00084212     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-76-2-77     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (12)

References (199)
  • 1
    • 15844371854 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expression and function of voltage-dependent potassium channel genes in human airway smooth muscle
    • Adda, S., Fleischmann, B.K., Freedman, B.D., Yu, M.F., Hay, D.W.P., and Kotlikoff, M.I. 1996. Expression and function of voltage-dependent potassium channel genes in human airway smooth muscle. J. Biol. Chem. 271: 13 239-13 243.
    • (1996) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.271 , pp. 13239-13243
    • Adda, S.1    Fleischmann, B.K.2    Freedman, B.D.3    Yu, M.F.4    Hay, D.W.P.5    Kotlikoff, M.I.6
  • 2
    • 0028130350 scopus 로고
    • The P-region and S6 of Kv3.1 contribute to the formation of the ion conduction pathway
    • Aiyar, J., Nguyen, A.N., Chandy, K.G., and Grissmer, S. 1994. The P-region and S6 of Kv3.1 contribute to the formation of the ion conduction pathway. Biophys. J. 67: 2261-2264.
    • (1994) Biophys. J. , vol.67 , pp. 2261-2264
    • Aiyar, J.1    Nguyen, A.N.2    Chandy, K.G.3    Grissmer, S.4
  • 4
    • 0023791613 scopus 로고
    • Block of heart potassium channels by clofilium and its tertiary analogs: Relationship between drug structure and type of channel blocked
    • Arena, J.P., and Kass, R.S. 1988. Block of heart potassium channels by clofilium and its tertiary analogs: relationship between drug structure and type of channel blocked. Mol. Pharmacol. 34: 60-66.
    • (1988) Mol. Pharmacol. , vol.34 , pp. 60-66
    • Arena, J.P.1    Kass, R.S.2
  • 5
    • 0019596088 scopus 로고
    • Sodium channels and gating currents
    • Armstrong, C.M. 1981. Sodium channels and gating currents. Physiol. Rev. 61: 644-683.
    • (1981) Physiol. Rev. , vol.61 , pp. 644-683
    • Armstrong, C.M.1
  • 6
    • 0015868742 scopus 로고
    • Currents related to movement of the gating particles of the sodium channels
    • Armstrong, C.M., and Bezanilla, F. 1973. Currents related to movement of the gating particles of the sodium channels. Nature (London), 242: 459-461.
    • (1973) Nature (London) , vol.242 , pp. 459-461
    • Armstrong, C.M.1    Bezanilla, F.2
  • 8
    • 0027404947 scopus 로고
    • Background potassium current active during the plateau of the action potential in guinea pig ventricular myocytes
    • Backx, P.H., and Marban, E. 1993. Background potassium current active during the plateau of the action potential in guinea pig ventricular myocytes. Circ. Res. 72: 890-900.
    • (1993) Circ. Res. , vol.72 , pp. 890-900
    • Backx, P.H.1    Marban, E.2
  • 11
    • 0029942395 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Myocardial potassium channels: Electrophysiological and molecular diversity
    • Barry, D.M., and Nerbonne, J.M. 1996. Myocardial potassium channels: electrophysiological and molecular diversity. Annu. Rev. Physiol. 58: 363-394.
    • (1996) Annu. Rev. Physiol. , vol.58 , pp. 363-394
    • Barry, D.M.1    Nerbonne, J.M.2
  • 13
    • 0028793256 scopus 로고
    • +]: A tale of two inactivation mechanisms
    • +]: a tale of two inactivation mechanisms. Neuron, 15: 951-960.
    • (1995) Neuron , vol.15 , pp. 951-960
    • Baukrowitz, T.1    Yellen, G.2
  • 15
    • 0024064404 scopus 로고
    • Structure of the voltage-dependent potassium channel is highly conserved from drosophila to vertebrate central nervous system
    • Baumann, A., Grupe, A., Ackermann, A., and Pongs, O. 1988. Structure of the voltage-dependent potassium channel is highly conserved from drosophila to vertebrate central nervous system. EMBO J. 7: 2457-2463.
    • (1988) EMBO J , vol.7 , pp. 2457-2463
    • Baumann, A.1    Grupe, A.2    Ackermann, A.3    Pongs, O.4
  • 17
    • 0027379278 scopus 로고
    • Molecular and functional diversity of cloned cardiac potassium channels
    • Bennett, P.B., Po, S., Snyders, D.J., and Tamkun, M.M. 1993. Molecular and functional diversity of cloned cardiac potassium channels. Cardiovasc. Drugs Ther. 7(Suppl. 3): 585-592.
    • (1993) Cardiovasc. Drugs Ther. , vol.7 , Issue.3 SUPPL. , pp. 585-592
    • Bennett, P.B.1    Po, S.2    Snyders, D.J.3    Tamkun, M.M.4
  • 18
    • 0017697163 scopus 로고
    • Inactivation of the sodium channel. I. Sodium current experiments
    • Bezanilla, F., and Armstrong, C.M. 1977. Inactivation of the sodium channel. I. Sodium current experiments. J. Gen. Physiol. 70: 549-566.
    • (1977) J. Gen. Physiol. , vol.70 , pp. 549-566
    • Bezanilla, F.1    Armstrong, C.M.2
  • 19
    • 0026315160 scopus 로고
    • Molecular basis of gating charge immobilization in Shaker potassium channels
    • Washington, D.C.
    • Bezanilla, F., Perozo, E., Papazian, D.M., and Stefani, E. 1991. Molecular basis of gating charge immobilization in Shaker potassium channels. Science (Washington, D.C.), 254: 679-683.
    • (1991) Science , vol.254 , pp. 679-683
    • Bezanilla, F.1    Perozo, E.2    Papazian, D.M.3    Stefani, E.4
  • 20
    • 0029968942 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ion permeation and block of M-type and delayed rectifier potassium channels
    • Block, B.M., and Jones, S.W. 1996. Ion permeation and block of M-type and delayed rectifier potassium channels. J. Gen. Physiol. 107: 473-488.
    • (1996) J. Gen. Physiol. , vol.107 , pp. 473-488
    • Block, B.M.1    Jones, S.W.2
  • 21
    • 0029586384 scopus 로고
    • Closed and open state binding of 4-aminopyridine to the cloned human potassium channel Kv1.5
    • Bouchard, R.A., and Fedida, D. 1995. Closed and open state binding of 4-aminopyridine to the cloned human potassium channel Kv1.5. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 275: 864-876.
    • (1995) J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. , vol.275 , pp. 864-876
    • Bouchard, R.A.1    Fedida, D.2
  • 22
    • 0019393852 scopus 로고
    • A study of the effect of the rate of stimulation on the transient outward current in sheep cardiac Purkinje fibres
    • London
    • Boyett, M.R. 1981. A study of the effect of the rate of stimulation on the transient outward current in sheep cardiac Purkinje fibres. J. Physiol. (London), 319: 1-22.
    • (1981) J. Physiol. , vol.319 , pp. 1-22
    • Boyett, M.R.1
  • 23
    • 0019286312 scopus 로고
    • Analysis of the effects of changes in rate and rhythm upon electrical activity in the heart
    • Boyett, M.R., and Jewell, B.R. 1980. Analysis of the effects of changes in rate and rhythm upon electrical activity in the heart. Prog. Biophys. Mol. Biol. 36: 1-52.
    • (1980) Prog. Biophys. Mol. Biol. , vol.36 , pp. 1-52
    • Boyett, M.R.1    Jewell, B.R.2
  • 26
    • 0026051558 scopus 로고
    • Current inactivation involves a histidine residue in the pore of the rat lymphocyte potassium channel RGK5
    • Busch, A.E., Hurst, R.S., North, R.A., Adelman, J.P., and Kavanaugh, M.P. 1991. Current inactivation involves a histidine residue in the pore of the rat lymphocyte potassium channel RGK5. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 179: 1384-1390.
    • (1991) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. , vol.179 , pp. 1384-1390
    • Busch, A.E.1    Hurst, R.S.2    North, R.A.3    Adelman, J.P.4    Kavanaugh, M.P.5
  • 27
    • 0024500045 scopus 로고
    • A family of putative potassium channel genes in drosophila
    • Washington, D.C.
    • Butler, A., Wei, A., Baker, K., and Salkoff, L. 1989. A family of putative potassium channel genes in drosophila. Science (Washington, D.C.), 243: 943-947.
    • (1989) Science , vol.243 , pp. 943-947
    • Butler, A.1    Wei, A.2    Baker, K.3    Salkoff, L.4
  • 28
    • 0017601832 scopus 로고
    • Repolarization and frequency in cardiac cells
    • Paris
    • Carmeliet, E. 1977. Repolarization and frequency in cardiac cells. J. Physiol. (Paris), 73: 903-923.
    • (1977) J. Physiol. , vol.73 , pp. 903-923
    • Carmeliet, E.1
  • 29
    • 0021932578 scopus 로고
    • Electrophysiologic and voltage clamp analysis of the effects of sotalol on isolated cardiac muscle and Purkinje fibers
    • Carmeliet, E. 1985. Electrophysiologic and voltage clamp analysis of the effects of sotalol on isolated cardiac muscle and Purkinje fibers. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 232: 817-825.
    • (1985) J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. , vol.232 , pp. 817-825
    • Carmeliet, E.1
  • 30
    • 0026416041 scopus 로고
    • Simplified gene nomenclature
    • Chandy, K.G. 1991. Simplified gene nomenclature. Nature (London), 352: 26.
    • (1991) Nature (London) , vol.352 , pp. 26
    • Chandy, K.G.1
  • 31
    • 14444273017 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gating current measurements show that 4-aminopyridine prevents open channel block of Kv1.5 by quinidine
    • Abstr.
    • Chen, F.S.P., and Fedida, D. 1996. Gating current measurements show that 4-aminopyridine prevents open channel block of Kv1.5 by quinidine. Neuropharmacology, 35: A82. (Abstr.)
    • (1996) Neuropharmacology , vol.35
    • Chen, F.S.P.1    Fedida, D.2
  • 34
    • 0027417650 scopus 로고
    • The internal quaternary ammonium receptor site of Shaker potassium channels
    • Choi, K.L., Mossman, C., Aube, J., and Yellen, G. 1993. The internal quaternary ammonium receptor site of Shaker potassium channels. Neuron, 10: 533-541.
    • (1993) Neuron , vol.10 , pp. 533-541
    • Choi, K.L.1    Mossman, C.2    Aube, J.3    Yellen, G.4
  • 35
    • 0020059648 scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of action of lidocaine and quinidine on action potential duration in rabbit cardiac Purkinje fibers
    • Colatsky, T.J. 1982. Mechanisms of action of lidocaine and quinidine on action potential duration in rabbit cardiac Purkinje fibers. Circ. Res. 50: 17-27.
    • (1982) Circ. Res. , vol.50 , pp. 17-27
    • Colatsky, T.J.1
  • 36
    • 0028605349 scopus 로고
    • Elimination of rapid potassium channel inactivation by phosphorylation of the inactivation gate
    • Covarrubias, M., Wei, A., Salkoff, L., and Vyas, T.B. 1994. Elimination of rapid potassium channel inactivation by phosphorylation of the inactivation gate. Neuron, 13: 1403-1412.
    • (1994) Neuron , vol.13 , pp. 1403-1412
    • Covarrubias, M.1    Wei, A.2    Salkoff, L.3    Vyas, T.B.4
  • 37
    • 0030025811 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular physiology of cardiac potassium channels
    • Deal, K.K., England, S.K., and Tamkun, M.M. 1996. Molecular physiology of cardiac potassium channels. Physiol. Rev. 76: 49-67.
    • (1996) Physiol. Rev. , vol.76 , pp. 49-67
    • Deal, K.K.1    England, S.K.2    Tamkun, M.M.3
  • 40
    • 0025307982 scopus 로고
    • + currents in rat type II alveolar epithelial cells
    • + currents in rat type II alveolar epithelial cells. J. Gen. Physiol. 95: 617-646.
    • (1990) J. Gen. Physiol. , vol.95 , pp. 617-646
    • DeCoursey, T.E.1
  • 41
    • 0028805759 scopus 로고
    • + channel block by verapamil and related compounds in rat alveolar epithelial cells
    • + channel block by verapamil and related compounds in rat alveolar epithelial cells. J. Gen. Physiol. 106: 745-779.
    • (1995) J. Gen. Physiol. , vol.106 , pp. 745-779
    • DeCoursey, T.E.1
  • 42
    • 0026045545 scopus 로고
    • + channel behaves like an open-channel blocker
    • + channel behaves like an open-channel blocker. Neuron, 7: 743-753.
    • (1991) Neuron , vol.7 , pp. 743-753
    • Demo, S.D.1    Yellen, G.2
  • 43
    • 0026519665 scopus 로고
    • + channel correlates with occupancy of the pore
    • + channel correlates with occupancy of the pore. Biophys. J. 61: 639-648.
    • (1992) Biophys. J. , vol.61 , pp. 639-648
    • Demo, S.D.1    Yellen, G.2
  • 44
    • 0028361109 scopus 로고
    • Quantitative analysis of potassium channel mRNA expression in atrial and ventricular muscle of rats
    • Dixon, J.E., and McKinnon, D. 1994. Quantitative analysis of potassium channel mRNA expression in atrial and ventricular muscle of rats. Circ. Res. 75: 252-260.
    • (1994) Circ. Res. , vol.75 , pp. 252-260
    • Dixon, J.E.1    McKinnon, D.2
  • 47
    • 0026773754 scopus 로고
    • Atomic scale structure and functional models of voltage-gated potassium channels
    • Durell, S.R., and Guy, H.R. 1992. Atomic scale structure and functional models of voltage-gated potassium channels. Biophys. J. 62: 238-250.
    • (1992) Biophys. J. , vol.62 , pp. 238-250
    • Durell, S.R.1    Guy, H.R.2
  • 51
    • 0030981302 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • + channels
    • London
    • + channels. J. Physiol. (London), 499: 661-675.
    • (1997) J. Physiol. , vol.499 , pp. 661-675
    • Fedida, D.1
  • 52
    • 0026045257 scopus 로고
    • Regional variations in action potentials and transient outward current in myocytes isolated from rabbit left ventricle
    • London
    • Fedida, D., and Giles, W.R. 1991. Regional variations in action potentials and transient outward current in myocytes isolated from rabbit left ventricle. J. Physiol. (London), 442: 191-209.
    • (1991) J. Physiol. , vol.442 , pp. 191-209
    • Fedida, D.1    Giles, W.R.2
  • 53
    • 0025220624 scopus 로고
    • α-Adrenergic modulation of the transient outward current in rabbit atrial myocytes
    • London
    • Fedida, D., Shimoni, Y., and Giles, W.R. 1990. α-Adrenergic modulation of the transient outward current in rabbit atrial myocytes. J. Physiol. (London), 423: 257-277.
    • (1990) J. Physiol. , vol.423 , pp. 257-277
    • Fedida, D.1    Shimoni, Y.2    Giles, W.R.3
  • 55
    • 0029798467 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Slow gating charge immobilization in the human potassium channel Kv1.5 and its prevention by 4-aminopyridine
    • London
    • Fedida, D., Bouchard, R., and Chen, F.S.P. 1996. Slow gating charge immobilization in the human potassium channel Kv1.5 and its prevention by 4-aminopyridine. J. Physiol. (London), 494: 377-387.
    • (1996) J. Physiol. , vol.494 , pp. 377-387
    • Fedida, D.1    Bouchard, R.2    Chen, F.S.P.3
  • 57
    • 0025312764 scopus 로고
    • Block of delayed rectifier potassium current, IK, by flecainide and E-4031 in cat ventricular myocytes
    • Follmer, C.H., and Colatsky, T.J. 1990. Block of delayed rectifier potassium current, IK, by flecainide and E-4031 in cat ventricular myocytes. Circulation, 82: 289-293.
    • (1990) Circulation , vol.82 , pp. 289-293
    • Follmer, C.H.1    Colatsky, T.J.2
  • 59
    • 0024393637 scopus 로고
    • A novel potassium channel with delayed rectifier properties isolated from rat brain by expression cloning
    • Frech, G.C., VanDongen, A.M., Schuster, G., Brown, A.M., and Joho, R.H. 1989. A novel potassium channel with delayed rectifier properties isolated from rat brain by expression cloning. Nature (London), 340: 642-645.
    • (1989) Nature (London) , vol.340 , pp. 642-645
    • Frech, G.C.1    VanDongen, A.M.2    Schuster, G.3    Brown, A.M.4    Joho, R.H.5
  • 60
    • 0029838642 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • + channel genes in left ventricular remodeled myocardium after experimental myocardial infarction
    • + channel genes in left ventricular remodeled myocardium after experimental myocardial infarction. Circ. Res. 79: 669-675.
    • (1996) Circ. Res. , vol.79 , pp. 669-675
    • Gidh-Jain, M.1    Huang, B.2    Jain, P.3    El-Sherif, N.4
  • 61
    • 0022271922 scopus 로고
    • Voltage clamp of bull-frog cardiac pacemaker cells: A quantitative analysis of potassium currents
    • London
    • Giles, W.R., and Shibata, E.F. 1985. Voltage clamp of bull-frog cardiac pacemaker cells: a quantitative analysis of potassium currents. J. Physiol. (London), 368: 265-292.
    • (1985) J. Physiol. , vol.368 , pp. 265-292
    • Giles, W.R.1    Shibata, E.F.2
  • 62
    • 0029913403 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A structural vignette common to voltage sensors and conduction pores: Canaliculi
    • Goldstein, S.N.A. 1996. A structural vignette common to voltage sensors and conduction pores: canaliculi. Neuron, 16: 717-722.
    • (1996) Neuron , vol.16 , pp. 717-722
    • Goldstein, S.N.A.1
  • 65
    • 0025334586 scopus 로고
    • Pursuing the structure and function of voltage-gated channels
    • Guy, H.R., and Conti, F. 1990. Pursuing the structure and function of voltage-gated channels. TINS (Trends Neurosci.), 13: 201-206.
    • (1990) TINS (Trends Neurosci.) , vol.13 , pp. 201-206
    • Guy, H.R.1    Conti, F.2
  • 71
    • 0022966619 scopus 로고
    • Effects of quinidine on plateau currents of guinea-pig ventricular myocytes
    • Hiraoka, M., Sawada, K., and Kawano, S. 1986. Effects of quinidine on plateau currents of guinea-pig ventricular myocytes. J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol. 18: 1097-1106.
    • (1986) J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol. , vol.18 , pp. 1097-1106
    • Hiraoka, M.1    Sawada, K.2    Kawano, S.3
  • 72
    • 35649001607 scopus 로고
    • A quantitative description of membrane current and its application to conduction and excitation in nerve
    • London
    • Hodgkin, A.L., and Huxley, A.F. 1952. A quantitative description of membrane current and its application to conduction and excitation in nerve. J. Physiol. (London), 117: 500-544.
    • (1952) J. Physiol. , vol.117 , pp. 500-544
    • Hodgkin, A.L.1    Huxley, A.F.2
  • 74
    • 0030956162 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • + channels - Evidence for a trap door mechanism of activation gating
    • + channels - evidence for a trap door mechanism of activation gating. J. Gen. Physiol. 109: 527-535.
    • (1997) J. Gen. Physiol. , vol.109 , pp. 527-535
    • Holmgren, M.1    Smith, P.L.2    Yellen, G.3
  • 77
    • 0025224223 scopus 로고
    • Biophysical and molecular mechanisms of Shaker potassium channel inactivation
    • Washington, D.C.
    • Hoshi, T., Zagotta, W.N., and Aldrich, R.W. 1990. Biophysical and molecular mechanisms of Shaker potassium channel inactivation. Science (Washington, D.C.), 250: 533-538.
    • (1990) Science , vol.250 , pp. 533-538
    • Hoshi, T.1    Zagotta, W.N.2    Aldrich, R.W.3
  • 78
    • 0026049511 scopus 로고
    • + channels: Effects of alterations in the carboxy-terminal region
    • + channels: effects of alterations in the carboxy-terminal region. Neuron, 7: 547-556.
    • (1991) Neuron , vol.7 , pp. 547-556
    • Hoshi, T.1    Zagotta, W.N.2    Aldrich, R.W.3
  • 79
    • 0028014591 scopus 로고
    • Shaker potassium channel gating. I. Transitions near the open state
    • Hoshi, T., Zagotta, W.N., and Aldrich, R.W. 1994. Shaker potassium channel gating. I. Transitions near the open state. J. Gen. Physiol. 103: 249-278.
    • (1994) J. Gen. Physiol. , vol.103 , pp. 249-278
    • Hoshi, T.1    Zagotta, W.N.2    Aldrich, R.W.3
  • 80
    • 0027146670 scopus 로고
    • Tyrosine kinase-dependent suppression of a potassium channel by the G-protein-coupled m1 muscarinic receptor
    • Huang, X.-Y., Morelli, A.D., and Peralta, E.G. 1993. Tyrosine kinase-dependent suppression of a potassium channel by the G-protein-coupled m1 muscarinic receptor. Cell, 75: 1145-1156.
    • (1993) Cell , vol.75 , pp. 1145-1156
    • Huang, X.-Y.1    Morelli, A.D.2    Peralta, E.G.3
  • 81
    • 0028008620 scopus 로고
    • Molecular basis of cardiac potassium channel stimulation by protein kinase A
    • Huang, X.-Y., Morielli, A.D., and Peralta, E.G. 1994. Molecular basis of cardiac potassium channel stimulation by protein kinase A. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 91: 624-628.
    • (1994) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. , vol.91 , pp. 624-628
    • Huang, X.-Y.1    Morielli, A.D.2    Peralta, E.G.3
  • 82
    • 0030015706 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kv8.1, a new neuronal potassium channel subunit with specific inhibitory properties towards Shab and Shaw channels
    • Hugnot, J.P., Salinas, M., Lesage, F., Guillemare, E., De Weille, J., Heurteaux, C., Mattéi, M.G., and Lazdunski, M. 1996. Kv8.1, a new neuronal potassium channel subunit with specific inhibitory properties towards Shab and Shaw channels. EMBO J. 15: 3322-3331.
    • (1996) EMBO J , vol.15 , pp. 3322-3331
    • Hugnot, J.P.1    Salinas, M.2    Lesage, F.3    Guillemare, E.4    De Weille, J.5    Heurteaux, C.6    Mattéi, M.G.7    Lazdunski, M.8
  • 83
    • 0022271941 scopus 로고
    • Ionic basis of the different action potential configurations of single guinea-pig atrial and ventricular myocytes
    • London
    • Hume, J.R., and Uehara, A. 1985. Ionic basis of the different action potential configurations of single guinea-pig atrial and ventricular myocytes. J. Physiol. (London), 368: 525-544.
    • (1985) J. Physiol. , vol.368 , pp. 525-544
    • Hume, J.R.1    Uehara, A.2
  • 84
    • 0025362581 scopus 로고
    • Evidence for the formation of heteromultimeric potassium channels in Xenopus oocytes
    • Isacoff, E.Y., Jan, Y.N., and Jan, L.Y. 1990. Evidence for the formation of heteromultimeric potassium channels in Xenopus oocytes. Nature (London), 345: 530-534.
    • (1990) Nature (London) , vol.345 , pp. 530-534
    • Isacoff, E.Y.1    Jan, Y.N.2    Jan, L.Y.3
  • 85
    • 0025222445 scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of potassium channel block in rat alveolar epithelial cells
    • Jacobs, E.R., and DeCoursey, T.E. 1990. Mechanisms of potassium channel block in rat alveolar epithelial cells. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 255: 459-472.
    • (1990) J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. , vol.255 , pp. 459-472
    • Jacobs, E.R.1    DeCoursey, T.E.2
  • 86
    • 0028045058 scopus 로고
    • Different mechanisms of the inhibition of the transient outward current in rat ventricular myocytes
    • Jahnel, U., Klemm, P., and Nawrath, H. 1994. Different mechanisms of the inhibition of the transient outward current in rat ventricular myocytes. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmacol. 349: 87-94.
    • (1994) Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmacol. , vol.349 , pp. 87-94
    • Jahnel, U.1    Klemm, P.2    Nawrath, H.3
  • 87
    • 0025180197 scopus 로고
    • How might the diversity of potassium channels be generated
    • Jan, L.Y., and Jan, Y.N. 1990. How might the diversity of potassium channels be generated. TINS (Trends Neurosci.) 13: 415-419.
    • (1990) TINS (Trends Neurosci.) , vol.13 , pp. 415-419
    • Jan, L.Y.1    Jan, Y.N.2
  • 89
    • 0001847927 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cloned potassium channels from eukaryotes and prokaryotes
    • Jan, L.Y., and Jan, Y.N. 1997. Cloned potassium channels from eukaryotes and prokaryotes. Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 20: 91-123.
    • (1997) Annu. Rev. Neurosci. , vol.20 , pp. 91-123
    • Jan, L.Y.1    Jan, Y.N.2
  • 90
    • 0026491109 scopus 로고
    • Toward a molecular understanding of voltage-gated potassium channels
    • Joho, R.H. 1992. Toward a molecular understanding of voltage-gated potassium channels. J. Cardiovasc. Electrophysiol. 3: 589-601.
    • (1992) J. Cardiovasc. Electrophysiol. , vol.3 , pp. 589-601
    • Joho, R.H.1
  • 91
    • 0024039181 scopus 로고
    • Multiple products of the drosophila Shaker gene may contribute to potassium channel diversity
    • Kamb, A., Tseng-Crank, J., and Tanouye, M.A. 1988. Multiple products of the drosophila Shaker gene may contribute to potassium channel diversity. Neuron, 1: 421-430.
    • (1988) Neuron , vol.1 , pp. 421-430
    • Kamb, A.1    Tseng-Crank, J.2    Tanouye, M.A.3
  • 92
    • 0027301488 scopus 로고
    • Potassium channels in the heart: Cellular, molecular, and clinical implications
    • Kass, R.S., and Freeman, L.C. 1993. Potassium channels in the heart: cellular, molecular, and clinical implications. Trends Cardiovasc. Med. 3: 149-159.
    • (1993) Trends Cardiovasc. Med. , vol.3 , pp. 149-159
    • Kass, R.S.1    Freeman, L.C.2
  • 93
    • 0025743037 scopus 로고
    • Interaction between tetraethylammonium and amino acid residues in the pore of cloned voltage-dependent potassium channels
    • Kavanaugh, M.P., Varnum, M.D., Osborne, P.B., Christie, M.J., Busch, A.E., Adelman, J.P., and North, R.A. 1991. Interaction between tetraethylammonium and amino acid residues in the pore of cloned voltage-dependent potassium channels. J. Biol. Chem. 266(12): 7583-7587.
    • (1991) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.266 , Issue.12 , pp. 7583-7587
    • Kavanaugh, M.P.1    Varnum, M.D.2    Osborne, P.B.3    Christie, M.J.4    Busch, A.E.5    Adelman, J.P.6    North, R.A.7
  • 94
    • 0027428410 scopus 로고
    • Gating-dependent mechanism of 4-aminopyridine block in two related potassium channels
    • Kirsch, G.E., and Drewe, J.A. 1993. Gating-dependent mechanism of 4-aminopyridine block in two related potassium channels. J. Gen. Physiol. 102: 797-816.
    • (1993) J. Gen. Physiol. , vol.102 , pp. 797-816
    • Kirsch, G.E.1    Drewe, J.A.2
  • 99
    • 0029016295 scopus 로고
    • Intracellular and extracellular amino acids that influence C-type inactivation and its modulation in a voltage-dependent potassium channel
    • Kupper, J., Bowlby, M.R., Marom, S., and Levitan, I.B. 1995. Intracellular and extracellular amino acids that influence C-type inactivation and its modulation in a voltage-dependent potassium channel. Pfluegers Arch. 430: 1-11.
    • (1995) Pfluegers Arch. , vol.430 , pp. 1-11
    • Kupper, J.1    Bowlby, M.R.2    Marom, S.3    Levitan, I.B.4
  • 106
    • 0027828292 scopus 로고
    • Effects of external cations and mutations in the pore region on C-type inactivation of Shaker potassium channels
    • Lopez-Barneo, J., Hoshi, T., Heinemann, S.H., and Aldrich, R.W. 1993. Effects of external cations and mutations in the pore region on C-type inactivation of Shaker potassium channels. Recept. Channels, 1: 61-71.
    • (1993) Recept. Channels , vol.1 , pp. 61-71
    • Lopez-Barneo, J.1    Hoshi, T.2    Heinemann, S.H.3    Aldrich, R.W.4
  • 107
    • 0025762715 scopus 로고
    • Determination of the subunit stoichiometry of a voltage-activated potassium channel
    • MacKinnon, R. 1991a. Determination of the subunit stoichiometry of a voltage-activated potassium channel. Nature (London), 350: 232-235.
    • (1991) Nature (London) , vol.350 , pp. 232-235
    • MacKinnon, R.1
  • 108
    • 0026166996 scopus 로고
    • New insights into the structure and function of potassium channels
    • MacKinnon, R. 1991b. New insights into the structure and function of potassium channels. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 1: 14-19.
    • (1991) Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. , vol.1 , pp. 14-19
    • MacKinnon, R.1
  • 109
    • 0025706152 scopus 로고
    • + channels
    • Washington, D.C.
    • + channels. Science (Washington, D.C.), 250: 276-279.
    • (1990) Science , vol.250 , pp. 276-279
    • MacKinnon, R.1    Yellen, G.2
  • 110
    • 0027364807 scopus 로고
    • Functional stoichiometry of Shaker potassium channel inactivation
    • Washington, D.C.
    • MacKinnon, R., Aldrich, R.W., and Lee, A.W. 1993. Functional stoichiometry of Shaker potassium channel inactivation. Science (Washington, D.C.), 262: 757-759.
    • (1993) Science , vol.262 , pp. 757-759
    • MacKinnon, R.1    Aldrich, R.W.2    Lee, A.W.3
  • 111
    • 0028949194 scopus 로고
    • Molecular cloning and functional expression of a novel potassium channel β-subunit from human atrium
    • Majumder, K., DeBiasi, M., Wang, Z., and Wible, B.A. 1995. Molecular cloning and functional expression of a novel potassium channel β-subunit from human atrium. FEBS Lett. 361: 13-16.
    • (1995) FEBS Lett. , vol.361 , pp. 13-16
    • Majumder, K.1    DeBiasi, M.2    Wang, Z.3    Wible, B.A.4
  • 112
    • 0028855794 scopus 로고
    • Mechanism of clofilium block of the human Kv1.5 delayed rectifier potassium channel
    • Malayev, A.A., Nelson, D.J., and Philipson, L.H. 1995. Mechanism of clofilium block of the human Kv1.5 delayed rectifier potassium channel. Mol. Pharmacol. 47: 198-205.
    • (1995) Mol. Pharmacol. , vol.47 , pp. 198-205
    • Malayev, A.A.1    Nelson, D.J.2    Philipson, L.H.3
  • 113
    • 0030059224 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Direct physical measurement of conformational rearrangement underlying potassium channel gating
    • Washington, D.C.
    • Mannuzzu, L.M., Moronne, M.M., and Isacoff, E.Y. 1996. Direct physical measurement of conformational rearrangement underlying potassium channel gating. Science (Washington, D.C.), 271: 213-216.
    • (1996) Science , vol.271 , pp. 213-216
    • Mannuzzu, L.M.1    Moronne, M.M.2    Isacoff, E.Y.3
  • 117
    • 0026344794 scopus 로고
    • 1990: Annus mirabilis of potassium channels
    • Washington, D.C.
    • Miller, C. 1991. 1990: annus mirabilis of potassium channels. Science (Washington, D.C.), 252: 1092-1096.
    • (1991) Science , vol.252 , pp. 1092-1096
    • Miller, C.1
  • 118
    • 0023710152 scopus 로고
    • An emerging pharmacology of peptide toxins targeted against potassium channels
    • Moczydlowski, E., Lucchesi, K., and Ravindran, A.J. 1988. An emerging pharmacology of peptide toxins targeted against potassium channels. J. Membr. Biol. 105: 95-111.
    • (1988) J. Membr. Biol. , vol.105 , pp. 95-111
    • Moczydlowski, E.1    Lucchesi, K.2    Ravindran, A.J.3
  • 119
    • 0028957057 scopus 로고
    • A novel β subunit increases rate of inactivation of specific voltage-gated potassium channel α subunits
    • Morales, M.J., Castellino, R.C., Crews, A.L., Rasmusson, R.L., and Strauss, H.C. 1995. A novel β subunit increases rate of inactivation of specific voltage-gated potassium channel α subunits. J. Biol. Chem. 270: 6272-6277.
    • (1995) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.270 , pp. 6272-6277
    • Morales, M.J.1    Castellino, R.C.2    Crews, A.L.3    Rasmusson, R.L.4    Strauss, H.C.5
  • 120
    • 0026018720 scopus 로고
    • ATP-sensitive potassium channel modulation of the guinea pig ventricular action potential and contraction
    • Nichols, C.G., Ripoll, C., and Lederer, W.J. 1991. ATP-sensitive potassium channel modulation of the guinea pig ventricular action potential and contraction. Circ. Res. 68: 280-287.
    • (1991) Circ. Res. , vol.68 , pp. 280-287
    • Nichols, C.G.1    Ripoll, C.2    Lederer, W.J.3
  • 125
    • 0026032209 scopus 로고
    • Alteration of voltage-dependence of Shaker potassium channel by mutations in the S4 sequence
    • Papazian, D.M., Timpe, L.C., Jan, Y.N., and Jan, L.Y. 1991. Alteration of voltage-dependence of Shaker potassium channel by mutations in the S4 sequence. Nature (London), 349: 305-310.
    • (1991) Nature (London) , vol.349 , pp. 305-310
    • Papazian, D.M.1    Timpe, L.C.2    Jan, Y.N.3    Jan, L.Y.4
  • 132
    • 0027379844 scopus 로고
    • Functional and biochemical characterization of the human potassium channel Kv1.5 with a transplanted carboxyl-terminal epitope in stable mammalian cell lines
    • Philipson, L.H., Malayev, A., Kuznetsov, A., Chang, C., and Nelson, D.J. 1993. Functional and biochemical characterization of the human potassium channel Kv1.5 with a transplanted carboxyl-terminal epitope in stable mammalian cell lines. Biochim. Biophys. Acta Bio-Membr. 1153: 111-121.
    • (1993) Biochim. Biophys. Acta Bio-Membr. , vol.1153 , pp. 111-121
    • Philipson, L.H.1    Malayev, A.2    Kuznetsov, A.3    Chang, C.4    Nelson, D.J.5
  • 133
    • 0026724514 scopus 로고
    • Functional expression of an inactivating potassium channel cloned from human heart
    • Po, S., Snyders, D.J., Baker, R., Tamkun, M.M., and Bennett, P.B. 1992. Functional expression of an inactivating potassium channel cloned from human heart. Circ. Res. 71: 732-736.
    • (1992) Circ. Res. , vol.71 , pp. 732-736
    • Po, S.1    Snyders, D.J.2    Baker, R.3    Tamkun, M.M.4    Bennett, P.B.5
  • 135
    • 0027380629 scopus 로고
    • Structure-function studies on the pore of potassium channels
    • Pongs, O. 1993. Structure-function studies on the pore of potassium channels. J. Membr. Biol. 136: 1-8.
    • (1993) J. Membr. Biol. , vol.136 , pp. 1-8
    • Pongs, O.1
  • 138
    • 0030064382 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • + channel selectivity filter by mutant cycle-based structure analysis
    • + channel selectivity filter by mutant cycle-based structure analysis. Neuron, 16: 131-139.
    • (1996) Neuron , vol.16 , pp. 131-139
    • Ranganathan, R.1    Lewis, J.H.2    MacKinnon, R.3
  • 139
    • 0024044104 scopus 로고
    • +-channel protein identified by its binding properties for dendrotoxin I
    • +-channel protein identified by its binding properties for dendrotoxin I. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 85: 4919-4-923.
    • (1988) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. , vol.85 , pp. 4919-4923
    • Rehm, H.1    Lazdunski, M.2
  • 141
    • 0025963202 scopus 로고
    • Cloning and tissue-specific expression of five voltage-gated potassium channel cDNAs expressed in rat heart
    • Roberds, S.L., and Tamkun, M.M. 1991. Cloning and tissue-specific expression of five voltage-gated potassium channel cDNAs expressed in rat heart. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 88: 1798-1802.
    • (1991) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. , vol.88 , pp. 1798-1802
    • Roberds, S.L.1    Tamkun, M.M.2
  • 145
    • 0029002969 scopus 로고
    • A mechanistic link between an inherited and an acquired cardiac arrhythmia: HERG encodes the IKr potassium channel
    • Sanguinetti, M.C., Jiang, C., Curran, M.E., and Keating, M.T. 1995. A mechanistic link between an inherited and an acquired cardiac arrhythmia: HERG encodes the IKr potassium channel. Cell, 81: 299-307.
    • (1995) Cell , vol.81 , pp. 299-307
    • Sanguinetti, M.C.1    Jiang, C.2    Curran, M.E.3    Keating, M.T.4
  • 147
    • 0029113262 scopus 로고
    • + channel (Kv1.5) cloned from rabbit heart and facilitation of inactivation of the delayed rectifier current by the rat β subunit
    • + channel (Kv1.5) cloned from rabbit heart and facilitation of inactivation of the delayed rectifier current by the rat β subunit. FEBS Lett. 372: 20-24.
    • (1995) FEBS Lett. , vol.372 , pp. 20-24
    • Sasaki, Y.1    Ishii, K.2    Nunoki, K.3    Yamagishi, T.4    Taira, N.5
  • 148
    • 0028233952 scopus 로고
    • Structural basis of ion channel permeation and selectivity
    • Sather, W.A., Yang, J., and Tsien, R.W. 1994. Structural basis of ion channel permeation and selectivity. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 4: 313-323.
    • (1994) Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. , vol.4 , pp. 313-323
    • Sather, W.A.1    Yang, J.2    Tsien, R.W.3
  • 153
    • 0024847637 scopus 로고
    • Contributions of a transient outward current to repolarization in human atrium
    • Shibata, E.F., Drury, T., Refsum, H., Aldrete, V., and Giles, W. 1989. Contributions of a transient outward current to repolarization in human atrium. Am. J. Physiol. 257: H1773-H1781.
    • (1989) Am. J. Physiol. , vol.257
    • Shibata, E.F.1    Drury, T.2    Refsum, H.3    Aldrete, V.4    Giles, W.5
  • 155
    • 0027445510 scopus 로고
    • The S4-S5 loop contributes to the ion-selective pore of potassium channels
    • Slesinger, P.A., Jan, Y.N., and Jan, L.Y. 1993. The S4-S5 loop contributes to the ion-selective pore of potassium channels. Neuron, 11: 739-749.
    • (1993) Neuron , vol.11 , pp. 739-749
    • Slesinger, P.A.1    Jan, Y.N.2    Jan, L.Y.3
  • 156
    • 0029130666 scopus 로고
    • Determinants of antiarrhythmic drug action - Electrostatic and hydrophobic components of block of the human cardiac hKv1.5 channel
    • Snyders, D.J., and Yeola, S.W. 1995. Determinants of antiarrhythmic drug action - electrostatic and hydrophobic components of block of the human cardiac hKv1.5 channel. Circ. Res. 77: 575-583.
    • (1995) Circ. Res. , vol.77 , pp. 575-583
    • Snyders, D.J.1    Yeola, S.W.2
  • 157
    • 0026603450 scopus 로고
    • Time-, voltage-, and state-dependent block by quinkline of a cloned human cardiac potassium channel
    • Snyders, D.J., Knoth, K.M., Roberds, S.L., and Tamkun, M.M. 1992. Time-, voltage-, and state-dependent block by quinkline of a cloned human cardiac potassium channel. Mol. Pharmacol. 41: 322-330.
    • (1992) Mol. Pharmacol. , vol.41 , pp. 322-330
    • Snyders, D.J.1    Knoth, K.M.2    Roberds, S.L.3    Tamkun, M.M.4
  • 160
    • 0025736634 scopus 로고
    • Gating currents of inactivating and non-inactivating potassium channel expressed in Xenopus oocytes
    • Stühmer, W., Conti, F., Stocker, M., Pongs, O., and Heinemann, S.H. 1991. Gating currents of inactivating and non-inactivating potassium channel expressed in Xenopus oocytes. Pfluegers Arch. 410: 423-429.
    • (1991) Pfluegers Arch. , vol.410 , pp. 423-429
    • Stühmer, W.1    Conti, F.2    Stocker, M.3    Pongs, O.4    Heinemann, S.H.5
  • 165
    • 0028003753 scopus 로고
    • + channel gene expression in ventricle of rat heart
    • + channel gene expression in ventricle of rat heart. Circ. Res. 75: 1006-1013.
    • (1994) Circ. Res. , vol.75 , pp. 1006-1013
    • Takimoto, K.1    Levitan, E.S.2
  • 166
    • 0029846854 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • + channel subunit composition following hormone induction of Kv1.5 gene expression
    • + channel subunit composition following hormone induction of Kv1.5 gene expression. Biochemistry, 35: 14 149-14 156.
    • (1996) Biochemistry , vol.35 , pp. 14149-14156
    • Takimoto, K.1    Levitan, E.S.2
  • 168
    • 0023270432 scopus 로고
    • Sequence of a probable potassium channel component encoded at Shaker locus of drosophila
    • Washington, D.C.
    • Tempel, B.L., Papazian, D.M., Schwarz, T.L., Jan, Y.N., and Jan, L.Y. 1987. Sequence of a probable potassium channel component encoded at Shaker locus of drosophila. Science (Washington, D.C.), 237: 770-775.
    • (1987) Science , vol.237 , pp. 770-775
    • Tempel, B.L.1    Papazian, D.M.2    Schwarz, T.L.3    Jan, Y.N.4    Jan, L.Y.5
  • 169
    • 0029007356 scopus 로고
    • HERG, a human inward rectifier in the voltage-gated potassium channel family
    • Washington, D.C.
    • Trudeau, M.C., Warmke, J.W., Ganetzky, B., and Robertson, G.A. 1995. HERG, a human inward rectifier in the voltage-gated potassium channel family. Science (Washington, D.C.), 269: 92-95.
    • (1995) Science , vol.269 , pp. 92-95
    • Trudeau, M.C.1    Warmke, J.W.2    Ganetzky, B.3    Robertson, G.A.4
  • 170
    • 0024589635 scopus 로고
    • Two components of transient outward current in canine ventricular myocytes
    • Tseng, G., and Hoffman, B.F. 1989. Two components of transient outward current in canine ventricular myocytes. Circ. Res. 64: 633-647.
    • (1989) Circ. Res. , vol.64 , pp. 633-647
    • Tseng, G.1    Hoffman, B.F.2
  • 171
    • 0023489831 scopus 로고
    • Passive properties and membrane currents of canine ventricular myocytes
    • Tseng, G., Robinson, R.B., and Hoffman, B.F. 1987. Passive properties and membrane currents of canine ventricular myocytes. J. Gen. Physiol. 90: 671-701.
    • (1987) J. Gen. Physiol. , vol.90 , pp. 671-701
    • Tseng, G.1    Robinson, R.B.2    Hoffman, B.F.3
  • 173
    • 0028299186 scopus 로고
    • + channel sub-family does not prevent expression of currents with wild-type characteristics
    • + channel sub-family does not prevent expression of currents with wild-type characteristics. FEBS Lett. 340: 104-108.
    • (1994) FEBS Lett. , vol.340 , pp. 104-108
    • Uebele, V.N.1    Yeola, S.W.2    Snyders, D.J.3    Tamkun, M.M.4
  • 174
    • 0030023714 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional differences in Kv1.5 currents expressed in mammalian cell lines are due to the presence of endogenous Kvβ2.1 subunits
    • Uebele, V.N., England, S.K., Chaudhary, A., Tamkun, M.M., and Snyders, D.J. 1996. Functional differences in Kv1.5 currents expressed in mammalian cell lines are due to the presence of endogenous Kvβ2.1 subunits. J. Biol. Chem. 271: 2406-2412.
    • (1996) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.271 , pp. 2406-2412
    • Uebele, V.N.1    England, S.K.2    Chaudhary, A.3    Tamkun, M.M.4    Snyders, D.J.5
  • 179
    • 0027376226 scopus 로고
    • + current similar to Kv1.5 cloned channel currents
    • + current similar to Kv1.5 cloned channel currents. Circ. Res. 73: 1061-1076.
    • (1993) Circ. Res. , vol.73 , pp. 1061-1076
    • Wang, Z.1    Fermini, B.2    Nattel, S.3
  • 180
    • 0027257852 scopus 로고
    • Delayed rectifier outward current and repolarization in human atrial myocytes
    • Wang, Z., Fermini, B., and Nattel, S. 1993c. Delayed rectifier outward current and repolarization in human atrial myocytes. Circ. Res. 73: 276-285.
    • (1993) Circ. Res. , vol.73 , pp. 276-285
    • Wang, Z.1    Fermini, B.2    Nattel, S.3
  • 181
    • 0028020442 scopus 로고
    • Rapid and slow components of delayed rectifier current in human atrial myocytes
    • Wang, Z., Fermini, B., and Nattel, S. 1994. Rapid and slow components of delayed rectifier current in human atrial myocytes. Cardiovasc. Res. 28: 1540-1546.
    • (1994) Cardiovasc. Res. , vol.28 , pp. 1540-1546
    • Wang, Z.1    Fermini, B.2    Nattel, S.3
  • 182
    • 0028838977 scopus 로고
    • Effects of flecainide, quinidine, and 4-aminopyridine on transient outward and ultrarapid delayed rectifier currents in human atrial myocytes
    • Wang, Z., Fermini, B., and Nattel, S. 1995. Effects of flecainide, quinidine, and 4-aminopyridine on transient outward and ultrarapid delayed rectifier currents in human atrial myocytes. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 272: 184-196.
    • (1995) J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. , vol.272 , pp. 184-196
    • Wang, Z.1    Fermini, B.2    Nattel, S.3
  • 183
    • 0025297328 scopus 로고
    • + current diversity is produced by an extended gene family conserved in drosophila and mouse
    • Washington, D.C.
    • + current diversity is produced by an extended gene family conserved in drosophila and mouse. Science (Washington, D.C.), 248: 599-603.
    • (1990) Science , vol.248 , pp. 599-603
    • Wei, A.1    Covarrubias, M.2    Butler, A.3    Baker, K.4    Pak, M.5    Salkoff, L.6
  • 184
    • 0028024075 scopus 로고
    • Modulation by protein kinase a of a cloned rat brain potassium channel expressed in Xenopus oocytes
    • Wilson, G.G., O'Neill, C.A., Sivaprasadarao, A., Findlay, J.B.C., and Wray, D. 1994. Modulation by protein kinase A of a cloned rat brain potassium channel expressed in Xenopus oocytes. Pfluegers Arch. 428: 186-193.
    • (1994) Pfluegers Arch. , vol.428 , pp. 186-193
    • Wilson, G.G.1    O'Neill, C.A.2    Sivaprasadarao, A.3    Findlay, J.B.C.4    Wray, D.5
  • 187
    • 0030021584 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular basis of charge movement in voltage-gated sodium channels
    • Yang, N.B., George, A.L., Jr., and Horn, R. 1996. Molecular basis of charge movement in voltage-gated sodium channels. Neuron. 16: 113-122.
    • (1996) Neuron , vol.16 , pp. 113-122
    • Yang, N.B.1    George Jr., A.L.2    Horn, R.3
  • 191
    • 0024836261 scopus 로고
    • Potassium channels from NG108-15 neuroblastoma-glioma hybrid cells. Primary structure and functional expression from cDNAs
    • Yokoyama, S., Imoto, K., Kawamura, T., Higashida, H., Iwabe, N., Miyata, T., and Numa, S. 1989. Potassium channels from NG108-15 neuroblastoma-glioma hybrid cells. Primary structure and functional expression from cDNAs. FEBS Lett. 259: 37-42.
    • (1989) FEBS Lett. , vol.259 , pp. 37-42
    • Yokoyama, S.1    Imoto, K.2    Kawamura, T.3    Higashida, H.4    Iwabe, N.5    Miyata, T.6    Numa, S.7
  • 192
  • 193
    • 0030032362 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NAB domain is essential for the subunit assembly of both α-α and α-β complexes of Shaker-like potassium channels
    • Yu, W., Xu, J., and Li, M. 1996. NAB domain is essential for the subunit assembly of both α-α and α-β complexes of Shaker-like potassium channels. Neuron, 16: 441-453.
    • (1996) Neuron , vol.16 , pp. 441-453
    • Yu, W.1    Xu, J.2    Li, M.3
  • 194
    • 0001048237 scopus 로고
    • A novel cardiac potassium channel that is active and conductive at depolarized potentials
    • Yue, D.T., and Marban, E. 1988. A novel cardiac potassium channel that is active and conductive at depolarized potentials. Pfluegers Arch. 413: 127-133.
    • (1988) Pfluegers Arch. , vol.413 , pp. 127-133
    • Yue, D.T.1    Marban, E.2
  • 195
    • 0025245612 scopus 로고
    • Restoration of inactivation in mutants of Shaker potassium channels by a peptide derived from ShB
    • Washington, D.C.
    • Zagotta, W.N., Hoshi, T., and Aldrich, R.W. 1990. Restoration of inactivation in mutants of Shaker potassium channels by a peptide derived from ShB. Science (Washington, D.C.), 250: 568-571.
    • (1990) Science , vol.250 , pp. 568-571
    • Zagotta, W.N.1    Hoshi, T.2    Aldrich, R.W.3
  • 196
    • 0028140472 scopus 로고
    • Shaker potassium channel gating. III. Evaluation of kinetic models for activation
    • Zagotta, W.N., Hoshi, T., and Aldrich, R.W. 1994a. Shaker potassium channel gating. III. Evaluation of kinetic models for activation. J. Gen. Physiol. 103: 321-362.
    • (1994) J. Gen. Physiol. , vol.103 , pp. 321-362
    • Zagotta, W.N.1    Hoshi, T.2    Aldrich, R.W.3
  • 197
    • 0028085276 scopus 로고
    • Shaker potassium channel gating. II. Transitions in the activation pathway
    • Zagotta, W.N., Hoshi, T., Dittman, J., and Aldrich, R.W. 1994b. Shaker potassium channel gating. II. Transitions in the activation pathway. J. Gen. Physiol. 103: 279-319.
    • (1994) J. Gen. Physiol. , vol.103 , pp. 279-319
    • Zagotta, W.N.1    Hoshi, T.2    Dittman, J.3    Aldrich, R.W.4
  • 198
    • 0030920265 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of nifedipine block of the human heart delayed rectifier, hKv1.5
    • Zhang, X., Anderson, J.W., and Fedida, D. 1997. Characterization of nifedipine block of the human heart delayed rectifier, hKv1.5. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 281: 1247-1256.
    • (1997) J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. , vol.281 , pp. 1247-1256
    • Zhang, X.1    Anderson, J.W.2    Fedida, D.3
  • 199
    • 0002069589 scopus 로고
    • Genesis of cardiac arrhythmias: Electrophysiological considerations
    • Edited by E. Braunwald. W.B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia, Pa.
    • Zipes, D.P. 1992. Genesis of cardiac arrhythmias: electrophysiological considerations. In Heart disease, a textbook of cardiovascular medicine. Edited by E. Braunwald. W.B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia, Pa. pp. 588-627.
    • (1992) Heart Disease, a Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine , pp. 588-627
    • Zipes, D.P.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.