메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 16, Issue 5, 1998, Pages 595-604

Commonly used disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs in the treatment of inflammatory arthritis: An update on mechanisms of action

Author keywords

Cell activation; Cytokine production; DMARDs; Mechanisms; Rheumatoid arthritis; Signal transduction

Indexed keywords

ANTIMALARIAL AGENT; CHLOROQUINE; CORTICOSTEROID; CYCLOSPORIN A; GLUCOCORTICOID; GOLD SALT; HYDROXYCHLOROQUINE; METHOTREXATE; SALAZOSULFAPYRIDINE;

EID: 0031658404     PISSN: 0392856X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (23)

References (139)
  • 1
    • 0001919002 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rheumatoid arthritis. A. Epidemiology, pathology, and pathogenesis
    • KLIPPEL JH, WEYAND CM, WORTMANN RL (Eds.): Arthritis Foundation, Atlanta
    • GORONZY JJ, WEYAND CM: Rheumatoid arthritis. A. Epidemiology, pathology, and pathogenesis. In: KLIPPEL JH, WEYAND CM, WORTMANN RL (Eds.): Primer on the Rheumatic Diseases (11th ed.), Arthritis Foundation, Atlanta, 1997: 155-61.
    • (1997) Primer on the Rheumatic Diseases (11th Ed.) , pp. 155-161
    • Goronzy, J.J.1    Weyand, C.M.2
  • 2
    • 0030462249 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular therapeutics: Methotrexate and its mechanism of action
    • CRONSTEIN BN: Molecular therapeutics: Methotrexate and its mechanism of action. Arthritis Rheum 1996; 39: 1951-60.
    • (1996) Arthritis Rheum , vol.39 , pp. 1951-1960
    • Cronstein, B.N.1
  • 3
    • 0027992591 scopus 로고
    • Methotrexate concentrations in synovial membrane and trabecular and cortical bone in rheumatoid arthritis patients
    • BOLOGNA C, EDNO L, ANAYA JM et al.: Methotrexate concentrations in synovial membrane and trabecular and cortical bone in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Arthritis Rheum 1994; 37: 1770-3.
    • (1994) Arthritis Rheum , vol.37 , pp. 1770-1773
    • Bologna, C.1    Edno, L.2    Anaya, J.M.3
  • 5
    • 0027285238 scopus 로고
    • Low-dose methotrexate with leucovorin (folinic acid) in the management of rheumatoid arthritis: Results of a multicenter randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
    • SHIROKY JB, NEVILLE C, ESDAILE JM et al.: Low-dose methotrexate with leucovorin (folinic acid) in the management of rheumatoid arthritis: Results of a multicenter randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Arthritis Rheum 1993; 36: 795-803.
    • (1993) Arthritis Rheum , vol.36 , pp. 795-803
    • Shiroky, J.B.1    Neville, C.2    Esdaile, J.M.3
  • 6
    • 0021923633 scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of low-dose methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis
    • WEINBLATT ME, COBLYN JS, FOX DA et al.: Efficacy of low-dose methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis. N Engl J Med 1985; 312: 818-22.
    • (1985) N Engl J Med , vol.312 , pp. 818-822
    • Weinblatt, M.E.1    Coblyn, J.S.2    Fox, D.A.3
  • 7
    • 0026548634 scopus 로고
    • Long-term prospective study of the use of methotrexate in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: Update after a mean of 90 months
    • KREMER JM, PHELPS CT: Long-term prospective study of the use of methotrexate in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: Update after a mean of 90 months. Arthritis Rheum 1992; 35: 138-45.
    • (1992) Arthritis Rheum , vol.35 , pp. 138-145
    • Kremer, J.M.1    Phelps, C.T.2
  • 8
    • 0022137053 scopus 로고
    • Weekly pulse methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis: Clinical and immunologic effects in a randomized double-blind study
    • ANDERSON PA, WEST SG, O'DELL JR, VIA CS, CLAYPOOL RG, KOTZIN BL: Weekly pulse methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis: Clinical and immunologic effects in a randomized double-blind study. Ann Intern Med 1985; 103: 489-96.
    • (1985) Ann Intern Med , vol.103 , pp. 489-496
    • Anderson, P.A.1    West, S.G.2    O'Dell, J.R.3    Via, C.S.4    Claypool, R.G.5    Kotzin, B.L.6
  • 9
    • 0025850751 scopus 로고
    • IgM-rheumatoid factor and responses to second-line drugs in rheumatoid arthritis
    • OLSEN NJ, TEAL GP, BROOK RH: IgM-rheumatoid factor and responses to second-line drugs in rheumatoid arthritis. Agents Actions 1991; 34: 169-71.
    • (1991) Agents Actions , vol.34 , pp. 169-171
    • Olsen, N.J.1    Teal, G.P.2    Brook, R.H.3
  • 10
    • 0025075147 scopus 로고
    • Suppression of rheumatoid factor production by methotrexate in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: Evidence for differential influences of therapy and clinical status on IgM and IgA rheumatoid factor
    • ALARCON GS, SCHROHENLOHER RE, BARTOLUCCI AA, WARD JR, WILLIAM HJ, KOOPMAN WJ: Suppression of rheumatoid factor production by methotrexate in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: Evidence for differential influences of therapy and clinical status on IgM and IgA rheumatoid factor. Arthritis Rheum 1990; 33: 1156-61.
    • (1990) Arthritis Rheum , vol.33 , pp. 1156-1161
    • Alarcon, G.S.1    Schrohenloher, R.E.2    Bartolucci, A.A.3    Ward, J.R.4    William, H.J.5    Koopman, W.J.6
  • 11
    • 0025193240 scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of leukotriene B4 synthesis in neutrophils from patients with rheumatoid arthritis by a single oral dose of methotrexate
    • SPERLING RI, COBLYN JS, LARKIN JK, BENINCASO AI, AUSTEN KF, WEINBLATT ME: Inhibition of leukotriene B4 synthesis in neutrophils from patients with rheumatoid arthritis by a single oral dose of methotrexate. Arthritis Rheum 1990; 33: 1149-55.
    • (1990) Arthritis Rheum , vol.33 , pp. 1149-1155
    • Sperling, R.I.1    Coblyn, J.S.2    Larkin, J.K.3    Benincaso, A.I.4    Austen, K.F.5    Weinblatt, M.E.6
  • 12
    • 0026740418 scopus 로고
    • Effects of a single dose of methotrexate on 5- And 12-lipoxygenase products in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
    • LEROUX JL, DAMON M, CHAVIS C, CRASTES DE PAULET A, BLUTMAN F: Effects of a single dose of methotrexate on 5-and 12-lipoxygenase products in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol 1992; 19: 863-6.
    • (1992) J Rheumatol , vol.19 , pp. 863-866
    • Leroux, J.L.1    Damon, M.2    Chavis, C.3    De Crastes Paulet, A.4    Blutman, F.5
  • 13
    • 0028010087 scopus 로고
    • The effect of methotrexate on ex vivo lipoxygenase metabolism in neutrophils from patients with rheumatoid arthritis
    • HAWKES JS, CLELAND LG, PROUDMAN SM, JAMES MJ: The effect of methotrexate on ex vivo lipoxygenase metabolism in neutrophils from patients with rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol 1994; 21: 55-8.
    • (1994) J Rheumatol , vol.21 , pp. 55-58
    • Hawkes, J.S.1    Cleland, L.G.2    Proudman, S.M.3    James, M.J.4
  • 14
    • 0025374441 scopus 로고
    • Dietary fish oil and olive oil supplementation in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Clinical and immunologic effects
    • KREMER JM, LAWRENCE DA, JUBIZ W et al.: Dietary fish oil and olive oil supplementation in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Clinical and immunologic effects. Arthritis Rheum 1990; 33: 810-20.
    • (1990) Arthritis Rheum , vol.33 , pp. 810-820
    • Kremer, J.M.1    Lawrence, D.A.2    Jubiz, W.3
  • 15
    • 0028906927 scopus 로고
    • Influence of low doses of methotrexate on superoxide anion production by polymorphonuclear leukocytes from patients with rheumatoid arthritis
    • LAURINDO IMM, MELLO SBV, COSSERMELLI W: Influence of low doses of methotrexate on superoxide anion production by polymorphonuclear leukocytes from patients with rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol 1995; 22: 633-8.
    • (1995) J Rheumatol , vol.22 , pp. 633-638
    • Laurindo, I.M.M.1    Mello, S.B.V.2    Cossermelli, W.3
  • 16
    • 0023853643 scopus 로고
    • Long-term prospective trial of low-dose methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis
    • WEINBLATT ME, TRENTHAM DE, FRASER PA et al.: Long-term prospective trial of low-dose methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 1988; 31: 167-75.
    • (1988) Arthritis Rheum , vol.31 , pp. 167-175
    • Weinblatt, M.E.1    Trentham, D.E.2    Fraser, P.A.3
  • 17
    • 0013575263 scopus 로고
    • Lymphocyte subset analysis after long-term methotrexate therapy for rheumatoid arthritis
    • KREMER JM: Lymphocyte subset analysis after long-term methotrexate therapy for rheumatoid arthritis (abstract). Arthritis Rheum 1986; 29: S75.
    • (1986) Arthritis Rheum , vol.29
    • Kremer, J.M.1
  • 18
    • 0022920835 scopus 로고
    • Measures of immunologic and inflammatory responses in vitro in rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with methotrexate
    • JOHNSTON CA, RUSSELL AS, KOVITHAVONGS J, DASGUPTA M: Measures of immunologic and inflammatory responses in vitro in rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with methotrexate. J Rheumatol 1986; 13: 294-6.
    • (1986) J Rheumatol , vol.13 , pp. 294-296
    • Johnston, C.A.1    Russell, A.S.2    Kovithavongs, J.3    Dasgupta, M.4
  • 19
    • 0027978987 scopus 로고
    • Cell-type specific response of peripheral blood lymphocytes to methotrexate in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis
    • WASCHER TC, HERMAN J, BREZINSCHEK HP et al.: Cell-type specific response of peripheral blood lymphocytes to methotrexate in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Investig 1994; 72: 535-40.
    • (1994) Clin Investig , vol.72 , pp. 535-540
    • Wascher, T.C.1    Herman, J.2    Brezinschek, H.P.3
  • 20
    • 0024554111 scopus 로고
    • The effects of methotrexate on the production and activity of interleukin-1
    • SEGAL R, MOZES E, YARON M, TARTAKOVSKY B: The effects of methotrexate on the production and activity of interleukin-1. Arthritis Rheum 1989; 32: 370-7.
    • (1989) Arthritis Rheum , vol.32 , pp. 370-377
    • Segal, R.1    Mozes, E.2    Yaron, M.3    Tartakovsky, B.4
  • 21
    • 0024990529 scopus 로고
    • The effect of antirheumatic drugs on interleukin 1 (IL-1) activity and IL-1 and IL-1 inhibitor production by human monocytes
    • CHANG DM, BAPTISTE P, SCHUR PH: The effect of antirheumatic drugs on interleukin 1 (IL-1) activity and IL-1 and IL-1 inhibitor production by human monocytes. J Rheumatol 1990; 17: 1148-57.
    • (1990) J Rheumatol , vol.17 , pp. 1148-1157
    • Chang, D.M.1    Baptiste, P.2    Schur, P.H.3
  • 22
    • 0027394142 scopus 로고
    • Methotrexate inhibits proliferation but not interleukin 1 stimulated secretory activities of cultured human synovial fibroblasts
    • MEYER FA, YARON I, MASHIAH V, YARON M: Methotrexate inhibits proliferation but not interleukin 1 stimulated secretory activities of cultured human synovial fibroblasts. J Rheumatol 1993; 20: 238-42.
    • (1993) J Rheumatol , vol.20 , pp. 238-242
    • Meyer, F.A.1    Yaron, I.2    Mashiah, V.3    Yaron, M.4
  • 23
    • 0026615104 scopus 로고
    • The effects of methotrexate on interleukin 1 in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
    • CHANG DM, WEINBLATT ME, SCHUR PH: The effects of methotrexate on interleukin 1 in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol 1992; 19: 1678-82.
    • (1992) J Rheumatol , vol.19 , pp. 1678-1682
    • Chang, D.M.1    Weinblatt, M.E.2    Schur, P.H.3
  • 24
    • 0343716326 scopus 로고
    • Correlation of immune parameters with clinical and laboratory effects in a prospective cohort of patients with rheumatoid arthritis receiving methotrexate
    • KREMER JM, LAWRENCE DH: Correlation of immune parameters with clinical and laboratory effects in a prospective cohort of patients with rheumatoid arthritis receiving methotrexate(abstract). Arthritis Rheum 1992; 35: S144.
    • (1992) Arthritis Rheum , vol.35
    • Kremer, J.M.1    Lawrence, D.H.2
  • 25
    • 0027386279 scopus 로고
    • Reduction of leukocyte and interleukin-1 beta concentrations in the synovial fluid of rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with methotrexate
    • THOMAS R, CARROLL GJ: Reduction of leukocyte and interleukin-1 beta concentrations in the synovial fluid of rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with methotrexate. Arthritis Rheum 1993; 36: 1244-52.
    • (1993) Arthritis Rheum , vol.36 , pp. 1244-1252
    • Thomas, R.1    Carroll, G.J.2
  • 26
    • 0029157365 scopus 로고
    • Methotrexate action in rheumatoid arthritis: Stimulation of cytokine inhibitor and inhibition of chemokine production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells
    • SEITZ M, LOETSCHER P, DEWALD B et al.: Methotrexate action in rheumatoid arthritis: stimulation of cytokine inhibitor and inhibition of chemokine production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Br J Rheum 1995; 34: 602-9.
    • (1995) Br J Rheum , vol.34 , pp. 602-609
    • Seitz, M.1    Loetscher, P.2    Dewald, B.3
  • 27
    • 0028604305 scopus 로고
    • Circulating concentrations and production of cytokines and soluble receptors in rheumatoid arthritis patients: Effects of a single dose methotrexate
    • BARRERA P, BOERBOOMS AM, DEMACKER PN, VAN DE PUTTE LB, GALLATI H, VAN DER MEER JW: Circulating concentrations and production of cytokines and soluble receptors in rheumatoid arthritis patients: Effects of a single dose methotrexate. Br J Rheumatol 1994; 33: 1017-24.
    • (1994) Br J Rheumatol , vol.33 , pp. 1017-1024
    • Barrera, P.1    Boerbooms, A.M.2    Demacker, P.N.3    Van De Putte, L.B.4    Gallati, H.5    Van Der Meer, J.W.6
  • 29
    • 0000658855 scopus 로고
    • Methotrexate induces significant changes in IL-1, IL-2, IL-6, and IL-8 but not lymphocyte markers in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
    • KREMER JM, PETRILLO GF, LAWRENCE DH: Methotrexate induces significant changes in IL-1, IL-2, IL-6, and IL-8 but not lymphocyte markers in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (abstract). Arthritis Rheum 1993; 36: S77.
    • (1993) Arthritis Rheum , vol.36
    • Kremer, J.M.1    Petrillo, G.F.2    Lawrence, D.H.3
  • 30
    • 0027201923 scopus 로고
    • Circulating tumour necrosis factor receptors, interleukin-2 receptors, tumour necrosis factor alpha, and interleukin-6 levels in rheumatoid arthritis: Longitudinal evaluation during methotrexate and azathioprine treatment
    • BARRERA P, BOERBOOMS AM, JANSSEN EM et al.: Circulating tumour necrosis factor receptors, interleukin-2 receptors, tumour necrosis factor alpha, and interleukin-6 levels in rheumatoid arthritis: Longitudinal evaluation during methotrexate and azathioprine treatment. Arthritis Rheum 1993; 36: 1070-9.
    • (1993) Arthritis Rheum , vol.36 , pp. 1070-1079
    • Barrera, P.1    Boerbooms, A.M.2    Janssen, E.M.3
  • 31
    • 0028924896 scopus 로고
    • Interleukin 6 (IL-6) and soluble IL-2 receptor levels in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with low dose oral methotrexate
    • CRILLY A, MCINNES IB, MCDONALD AG, WATSON J, CAPELL HA, MADHOK R: Interleukin 6 (IL-6) and soluble IL-2 receptor levels in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with low dose oral methotrexate. J Rheumatol 1995; 22: 224-6.
    • (1995) J Rheumatol , vol.22 , pp. 224-226
    • Crilly, A.1    McInnes, I.B.2    McDonald, A.G.3    Watson, J.4    Capell, H.A.5    Madhok, R.6
  • 32
    • 0031961765 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antiinflammatory and immunoregulatory action of methotrexate in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: Evidence of increased interleukin-4 and interleukin-10 gene expression demonstrated in vitro by competitive reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction
    • CONSTANTIN A, LOUBET-LESCOULIE P, LAMBERT N et al.: Antiinflammatory and immunoregulatory action of methotrexate in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: Evidence of increased interleukin-4 and interleukin-10 gene expression demonstrated in vitro by competitive reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Arthritis Rheum 1998; 41: 48-57.
    • (1998) Arthritis Rheum , vol.41 , pp. 48-57
    • Constantin, A.1    Loubet-Lescoulie, P.2    Lambert, N.3
  • 33
    • 0028123760 scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of methotrexate action in rheumatoid arthritis: Selective decrease in synovial collagenase gene expression
    • FIRESTEIN GS, PAINE MM, BOYLE DL: Mechanisms of methotrexate action in rheumatoid arthritis: Selective decrease in synovial collagenase gene expression. Arthritis Rheum 1994; 37: 193-200.
    • (1994) Arthritis Rheum , vol.37 , pp. 193-200
    • Firestein, G.S.1    Paine, M.M.2    Boyle, D.L.3
  • 34
    • 3543133896 scopus 로고
    • Correlation of immune parameters with clinical response to methotrexate in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: A prospective study
    • KREMER JM, LAWRENCE DH: Correlation of immune parameters with clinical response to methotrexate in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: A prospective study (abstract). Arthritis Rheum 1991; 34: S159.
    • (1991) Arthritis Rheum , vol.34
    • Kremer, J.M.1    Lawrence, D.H.2
  • 35
    • 0027957782 scopus 로고
    • The mechanism of action of methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis: The search continues
    • KREMER JM: The mechanism of action of methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis: The search continues. J Rheumatol 1994; 21: 1-5.
    • (1994) J Rheumatol , vol.21 , pp. 1-5
    • Kremer, J.M.1
  • 36
    • 0027209791 scopus 로고
    • Lack of immunosuppressive effect of low-dose oral methotrexate on lymphocytes in rheumatoid arthritis
    • MARTINEZ-OSUNA P, ZWOLINSKA JB, SIKES DH et al.: Lack of immunosuppressive effect of low-dose oral methotrexate on lymphocytes in rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Exp Rheumatol 1993; 11: 249-53.
    • (1993) Clin Exp Rheumatol , vol.11 , pp. 249-253
    • Martinez-Osuna, P.1    Zwolinska, J.B.2    Sikes, D.H.3
  • 37
    • 0027139914 scopus 로고
    • The anti-inflammatory mechanism of methotrexate: Increased adenosine release at inflamed sites diminishes leukocyte accumulation in an in vivo model of inflammation
    • CRONSTEIN BN, NAIME D, OSTAD E: The anti-inflammatory mechanism of methotrexate: Increased adenosine release at inflamed sites diminishes leukocyte accumulation in an in vivo model of inflammation. J Clin Invest 1993; 92: 2675-82.
    • (1993) J Clin Invest , vol.92 , pp. 2675-2682
    • Cronstein, B.N.1    Naime, D.2    Ostad, E.3
  • 38
    • 0025967399 scopus 로고
    • Methotexate inhibits neutrophil function by stimulating adenosine release from connective tissue cells
    • CRONSTEIN BN, EBERLE MA, GRUBER HE, LEVIN RI: Methotexate inhibits neutrophil function by stimulating adenosine release from connective tissue cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1991; 88: 2441-5.
    • (1991) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.88 , pp. 2441-2445
    • Cronstein, B.N.1    Eberle, M.A.2    Gruber, H.E.3    Levin, R.I.4
  • 39
    • 0022637441 scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribotide transformylase, adenosine deaminase and 5′-adenylate deaminase by polyglutamates of methotrexate and oxidized folates and by 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside and ribotide
    • BAGGOTT JE, VAUGHN WH, HUDSON BB: Inhibition of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribotide transformylase, adenosine deaminase and 5′-adenylate deaminase by polyglutamates of methotrexate and oxidized folates and by 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside and ribotide. Biochem J 1986; 236: 193-200.
    • (1986) Biochem J , vol.236 , pp. 193-200
    • Baggott, J.E.1    Vaughn, W.H.2    Hudson, B.B.3
  • 40
    • 0032518281 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methotrexate and sulfasalazine promote adenosine release by a mechanism that requires ecto-5′-nucleotidase-mediated conversion of adenine nucleotides
    • MORABITO L, MONTESINOS MC, SCHREIBMAN DM et al.: Methotrexate and sulfasalazine promote adenosine release by a mechanism that requires ecto-5′-nucleotidase-mediated conversion of adenine nucleotides. J Clin Invest 1998; 101: 295-300.
    • (1998) J Clin Invest , vol.101 , pp. 295-300
    • Morabito, L.1    Montesinos, M.C.2    Schreibman, D.M.3
  • 41
    • 0022397930 scopus 로고
    • Adenosine, a physiologic modulator of superoxide anion generation by human neutrophils: Adenosine acts via an A2 receptor on human neutrophils
    • CRONSTEIN BN, ROSENSTEIN ED, KRAMER SB, WEISSMANN G, HIRSHHORN R: Adenosine, a physiologic modulator of superoxide anion generation by human neutrophils: Adenosine acts via an A2 receptor on human neutrophils. J Immunol 1985: 135: 1366-71.
    • (1985) J Immunol , vol.135 , pp. 1366-1371
    • Cronstein, B.N.1    Rosenstein, E.D.2    Kramer, S.B.3    Weissmann, G.4    Hirshhorn, R.5
  • 42
    • 0026507232 scopus 로고
    • Neutrophil adherence to endothelium is enhanced via adenosine A1 receptors and inhibited via adenosine A2 receptors
    • CRONSTEIN BN, LEVIN RI, PHILIPS MR, HIRSCHHORN R, ABRAMSON SB, WEISSMANN G: Neutrophil adherence to endothelium is enhanced via adenosine A1 receptors and inhibited via adenosine A2 receptors. J Immunol 1992; 148: 2201-6.
    • (1992) J Immunol , vol.148 , pp. 2201-2206
    • Cronstein, B.N.1    Levin, R.I.2    Philips, M.R.3    Hirschhorn, R.4    Abramson, S.B.5    Weissmann, G.6
  • 43
    • 0029658925 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adenosine A2 receptor-induced inhibition of leukotriene B4 synthesis in whole blood ex vivo
    • KRUMP E, LEMAY G, BORGEAT P: Adenosine A2 receptor-induced inhibition of leukotriene B4 synthesis in whole blood ex vivo. Br J Pharmacol 1996; 117: 1639-44.
    • (1996) Br J Pharmacol , vol.117 , pp. 1639-1644
    • Krump, E.1    Lemay, G.2    Borgeat, P.3
  • 44
    • 0030045246 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of adenosine deaminase binding to human CD26 on T cells and its biologic role in immune response
    • DONG RP, KAMEOKA J, HEGEN M et al.: Characterization of adenosine deaminase binding to human CD26 on T cells and its biologic role in immune response. J Immunol 1996; 156: 1349-55.
    • (1996) J Immunol , vol.156 , pp. 1349-1355
    • Dong, R.P.1    Kameoka, J.2    Hegen, M.3
  • 45
    • 0020597080 scopus 로고
    • Impaired immunoregulation in systemic lupus erythematosis: Defective adenosine-induced suppressor T lymphocyte generation
    • KAMMER GM, BIRCH RE, POLMAR SH: Impaired immunoregulation in systemic lupus erythematosis: Defective adenosine-induced suppressor T lymphocyte generation. J Immunol 1983; 130: 1706-12.
    • (1983) J Immunol , vol.130 , pp. 1706-1712
    • Kammer, G.M.1    Birch, R.E.2    Polmar, S.H.3
  • 46
    • 0029915543 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of TNF-alpha expression by adenosine: Role of A3 adenosine receptors
    • SAJJADI FG, TAKABAYASHIK, FOSTER AC, DOMINGO RC, FIRESTEIN GS: Inhibition of TNF-alpha expression by adenosine: Role of A3 adenosine receptors. J Immunol 1996; 156: 3435-42.
    • (1996) J Immunol , vol.156 , pp. 3435-3442
    • Sajjadi, F.G.1    Takabayashik2    Foster, A.C.3    Domingo, R.C.4    Firestein, G.S.5
  • 47
    • 0028061703 scopus 로고
    • Differential regulatory effects of adenosine on cytokine release by activated human monocytes
    • BOUMA MG, STAD RK, VAN DEN WILDENBERG FA, BUURMAN WA: Differential regulatory effects of adenosine on cytokine release by activated human monocytes. J Immnuol 1994; 153: 4159-68.
    • (1994) J Immnuol , vol.153 , pp. 4159-4168
    • Bouma, M.G.1    Stad, R.K.2    Van Den Wildenberg, F.A.3    Buurman, W.A.4
  • 48
    • 0029896521 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of synoviocyte collagenase gene expression by adenosine receptor stimulation
    • BOYLE DL, SAJJADI FG, FIRESTEIN GS: Inhibition of synoviocyte collagenase gene expression by adenosine receptor stimulation. Arthritis Rheum 1996; 39: 923-30.
    • (1996) Arthritis Rheum , vol.39 , pp. 923-930
    • Boyle, D.L.1    Sajjadi, F.G.2    Firestein, G.S.3
  • 49
    • 0024419176 scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of in vitro vascular endothelial cell proliferation and in vivo neovascularization by low- dose methotrexate
    • HIRATA S, MATSUBARA T, SAURA R, TATEISHI H, HIROHATA K: Inhibition of in vitro vascular endothelial cell proliferation and in vivo neovascularization by low-dose methotrexate. Arthritis Rheum 1989; 32: 1065-73.
    • (1989) Arthritis Rheum , vol.32 , pp. 1065-1073
    • Hirata, S.1    Matsubara, T.2    Saura, R.3    Tateishi, H.4    Hirohata, K.5
  • 50
    • 84960616227 scopus 로고
    • Sulfasalazine: Mechanism of action in rheumatoid arthritis
    • SMEDEGARD G, BJORK J: Sulfasalazine: Mechanism of action in rheumatoid arthritis. Br J Rheumatol 1995; 34 (Suppl. 2): 7-15.
    • (1995) Br J Rheumatol , vol.34 , Issue.2 SUPPL. , pp. 7-15
    • Smedegard, G.1    Bjork, J.2
  • 51
    • 0022343103 scopus 로고
    • Plasma, synovial fluid concentration of sulphasalazine and two of its metabolites in rheumatoid arthritis
    • FARR A, BRODRICK A, BACON PA: Plasma, synovial fluid concentration of sulphasalazine and two of its metabolites in rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatol Int 1985; 5: 247-51.
    • (1985) Rheumatol Int , vol.5 , pp. 247-251
    • Farr, A.1    Brodrick, A.2    Bacon, P.A.3
  • 52
    • 0021858867 scopus 로고
    • In vitro effects of sulphasalazine, azodisal sodium and their metabolites on Clostridim difficile and some other faecal bacteria
    • SANDBERG-GERTZEN H, KJELLANDER J, SUNDBERG-GILLA B, JARNEROT G: In vitro effects of sulphasalazine, azodisal sodium and their metabolites on Clostridim difficile and some other faecal bacteria. Scand J Gastroenterol 1985; 20: 607-12.
    • (1985) Scand J Gastroenterol , vol.20 , pp. 607-612
    • Sandberg-Gertzen, H.1    Kjellander, J.2    Sundberg-Gilla, B.3    Jarnerot, G.4
  • 53
    • 0027304032 scopus 로고
    • Sequential study of bacterial antibody levels and faecal flora in rheumatod arthritis patients taking sulphasalazine
    • BRADLEY SM, NEUMANN VC, BARR K et al.: Sequential study of bacterial antibody levels and faecal flora in rheumatod arthritis patients taking sulphasalazine. Br J Rheumatol 1993; 32: 683-88.
    • (1993) Br J Rheumatol , vol.32 , pp. 683-688
    • Bradley, S.M.1    Neumann, V.C.2    Barr, K.3
  • 54
    • 0017891063 scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of folate enzymes by sulfasalazine
    • SELHUB J, DHAR GJ, ROSENBERG IH: Inhibition of folate enzymes by sulfasalazine. J Clin Invest 1978; 61: 221-4.
    • (1978) J Clin Invest , vol.61 , pp. 221-224
    • Selhub, J.1    Dhar, G.J.2    Rosenberg, I.H.3
  • 56
    • 0023913191 scopus 로고
    • In vitro immunomodulatory effects of sulfasalazine and its metabolites
    • COMER SS, JASIN HE: In vitro immunomodulatory effects of sulfasalazine and its metabolites. J Rheumatol 1988; 15: 580-6.
    • (1988) J Rheumatol , vol.15 , pp. 580-586
    • Comer, S.S.1    Jasin, H.E.2
  • 57
    • 0025057664 scopus 로고
    • The effect of salazosulfapyridine on the in vitro antibody production in murine spleen cells
    • FUJIWARA M, MITSUI K, ISHIDA J, YAMAMOTO I: The effect of salazosulfapyridine on the in vitro antibody production in murine spleen cells. Immunopharmacology 1990; 19: 15-21.
    • (1990) Immunopharmacology , vol.19 , pp. 15-21
    • Fujiwara, M.1    Mitsui, K.2    Ishida, J.3    Yamamoto, I.4
  • 58
    • 0021867937 scopus 로고
    • Sulphasalazine and derivatives, natural killer activitiy and ulcerative colitis
    • GIBSON PR, JEWELL DP: Sulphasalazine and derivatives, natural killer activitiy and ulcerative colitis. Clin Sci 1985; 69: 177-84.
    • (1985) Clin Sci , vol.69 , pp. 177-184
    • Gibson, P.R.1    Jewell, D.P.2
  • 59
    • 0022457720 scopus 로고
    • Selective inhibition of human neutrophil chemotaxis to N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine by sulfones
    • HARVATH L. YANCEY KB, KATZ SI: Selective inhibition of human neutrophil chemotaxis to N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine by sulfones. J Immunol 1986; 137: 1305-11.
    • (1986) J Immunol , vol.137 , pp. 1305-1311
    • Harvath, L.1    Yancey, K.B.2    Katz, S.I.3
  • 60
    • 0019224196 scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of neutral proteases from polymorphonuclear (PMN) neutrophils by salicylazosulfapyridine (SASP)
    • KLESSEN C: Inhibition of neutral proteases from polymorphonuclear (PMN) neutrophils by salicylazosulfapyridine (SASP). Histochemistry 1980; 66: 43-7.
    • (1980) Histochemistry , vol.66 , pp. 43-47
    • Klessen, C.1
  • 61
    • 0343704071 scopus 로고
    • Effects of sulfasalazine on cytokine production by mitogen-stimulated human T-cells
    • CARLIN G, NYMAN A-K, GRONBERG A: Effects of sulfasalazine on cytokine production by mitogen-stimulated human T-cells (abstract). Arthritis Rheum 1994; 37: S383.
    • (1994) Arthritis Rheum , vol.37
    • Carlin, G.1    Nyman, A.-K.2    Gronberg, A.3
  • 62
    • 0343704071 scopus 로고
    • Inhibitory effect of sulfasalazine on production of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNFα
    • GRONBERG A, ISAKSSON P, SMEDEGARD G: Inhibitory effect of sulfasalazine on production of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNFα (abstract). Arthritis Rheum 1994; 37: S383.
    • (1994) Arthritis Rheum , vol.37
    • Gronberg, A.1    Isaksson, P.2    Smedegard, G.3
  • 63
    • 0025107058 scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of proliferative responses and interleukin 2 production by salazosulfapyridine and its metabolites
    • FUJIWARA M, MITSUI K, YAMAMOTO I: Inhibition of proliferative responses and interleukin 2 production by salazosulfapyridine and its metabolites. Jpn J Immunopharmacol 1990; 54: 121-31.
    • (1990) Jpn J Immunopharmacol , vol.54 , pp. 121-131
    • Fujiwara, M.1    Mitsui, K.2    Yamamoto, I.3
  • 64
    • 0030030746 scopus 로고
    • Direct suppression of human synovial cell proliferation in vitro by salazosulfapyridine and bucillamine
    • AONO H, HASUNUMA T, FUJISAWA K et al.: Direct suppression of human synovial cell proliferation in vitro by salazosulfapyridine and bucillamine. J Rheumatol 1995; 22: 65-70.
    • (1995) J Rheumatol , vol.22 , pp. 65-70
    • Aono, H.1    Hasunuma, T.2    Fujisawa, K.3
  • 65
    • 3543129136 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sulfasalazine: A potent and specific inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B
    • WAHL C, LIPTAY S, ADLER G, SCHMID RM: Sulfasalazine: A potent and specific inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B. J Clin Invest 1998; 22: 65-70.
    • (1998) J Clin Invest , vol.22 , pp. 65-70
    • Wahl, C.1    Liptay, S.2    Adler, G.3    Schmid, R.M.4
  • 66
    • 0024329038 scopus 로고
    • Inhibitory effects of sulfasalazine and related compounds on superoxide production by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes
    • CARLIN G, DJURSATER R, SMEDEGARD G: Inhibitory effects of sulfasalazine and related compounds on superoxide production by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Pharmacol Toxicol 1989; 65: 121-7.
    • (1989) Pharmacol Toxicol , vol.65 , pp. 121-127
    • Carlin, G.1    Djursater, R.2    Smedegard, G.3
  • 67
    • 0030026499 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The anti-inflammatory mechanism of sulfasalazine is related to adenosine release at inflamed sites
    • GADANGI P, LONGAKER M, NAIME D et al.: The anti-inflammatory mechanism of sulfasalazine is related to adenosine release at inflamed sites. J Immunol 1996; 156: 1937.
    • (1996) J Immunol , vol.156 , pp. 1937
    • Gadangi, P.1    Longaker, M.2    Naime, D.3
  • 68
    • 0026529084 scopus 로고
    • The effect of sulfasalazine on bovine endothelial cell proliferation and cycle phase distribution. Comparison with olsalazine, 5-aminosalicylic acid, and sulfapyridine
    • SHARON P, DRAB EA, LINDER JS, WEIDMAN SW, SABESIN SM, RUBIN DB: The effect of sulfasalazine on bovine endothelial cell proliferation and cycle phase distribution. Comparison with olsalazine, 5-aminosalicylic acid, and sulfapyridine. J Lab Clin Med 1992; 119: 99-107.
    • (1992) J Lab Clin Med , vol.119 , pp. 99-107
    • Sharon, P.1    Drab, E.A.2    Linder, J.S.3    Weidman, S.W.4    Sabesin, S.M.5    Rubin, D.B.6
  • 69
    • 0025981973 scopus 로고
    • Is the beneficial effect of sulfasalazine due to inhibition of synovial neovascularization?
    • MADHOK R, WIJELATH E, SMITH J, WATSON J, STURROCK RD, CAPELL H: Is the beneficial effect of sulfasalazine due to inhibition of synovial neovascularization? J Rheumatol 1991; 18: 199-202.
    • (1991) J Rheumatol , vol.18 , pp. 199-202
    • Madhok, R.1    Wijelath, E.2    Smith, J.3    Watson, J.4    Sturrock, R.D.5    Capell, H.6
  • 71
    • 0026030568 scopus 로고
    • Chemistry and biology of the immunophilins and their immunosuppressive ligands
    • SCHREIBER SL: Chemistry and biology of the immunophilins and their immunosuppressive ligands. Science 1991; 251: 283.
    • (1991) Science , vol.251 , pp. 283
    • Schreiber, S.L.1
  • 72
    • 0026503434 scopus 로고
    • Calcineurin phosphatase activity in T lymphocytes is inhibited by FK506 and cyclosporin A
    • FRUMAN DA, KLEE CB, BIERER BE, BURAKOFF SJ: Calcineurin phosphatase activity in T lymphocytes is inhibited by FK506 and cyclosporin A. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1992; 89: 3686-90.
    • (1992) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.89 , pp. 3686-3690
    • Fruman, D.A.1    Klee, C.B.2    Bierer, B.E.3    Burakoff, S.J.4
  • 73
    • 0025871394 scopus 로고
    • Nuclear association of a T-cell transcription factor blocked by FK506 and cyclosporin A
    • FLANAGAN WM, CORTHESY B, BRAM RJ, CRABTREE GR: Nuclear association of a T-cell transcription factor blocked by FK506 and cyclosporin A. Nature 1991; 352: 803-7.
    • (1991) Nature , vol.352 , pp. 803-807
    • Flanagan, W.M.1    Corthesy, B.2    Bram, R.J.3    Crabtree, G.R.4
  • 74
    • 0024833664 scopus 로고
    • Cyclosporin a specifically inhibits function of nuclear proteins involved in T cell activation
    • EMMEL EA, VERWEIJ CL, DURAND DB, HIGGINS KM, LACY E, CRABTREE GR: Cyclosporin A specifically inhibits function of nuclear proteins involved in T cell activation. Science 1989; 246: 1617-20.
    • (1989) Science , vol.246 , pp. 1617-1620
    • Emmel, E.A.1    Verweij, C.L.2    Durand, D.B.3    Higgins, K.M.4    Lacy, E.5    Crabtree, G.R.6
  • 75
    • 0026632557 scopus 로고
    • FK506 and CsA-sensitive activation of the interleukin-2 promoter by calcineurin
    • O'KEEFE SJ, TAMURA J, KINCAID RL, TOCCI MJ, O'NEILL EA: FK506 and CsA-sensitive activation of the interleukin-2 promoter by calcineurin. Nature 1992; 357: 692-4.
    • (1992) Nature , vol.357 , pp. 692-694
    • O'Keefe, S.J.1    Tamura, J.2    Kincaid, R.L.3    Tocci, M.J.4    O'Neill, E.A.5
  • 76
    • 0020579924 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gamma interferon synthesis by human thymocytes and T lymphocytes inhibited by cyclosporin A
    • REEM GH, COOK LA, VILCEK J: Gamma interferon synthesis by human thymocytes and T lymphocytes inhibited by cyclosporin A. Science 1998; 221: 63-5.
    • (1998) Science , vol.221 , pp. 63-65
    • Reem, G.H.1    Cook, L.A.2    Vilcek, J.3
  • 77
    • 0022446916 scopus 로고
    • Lymphokine and non-lymphokine mRNA levels in stimulated human T cells. Kinetics, mitogen requirements, and effects of cyclosporin A
    • GRANELLI-PIPERNO A, ANDRUS L, STEINMAN RM: Lymphokine and non-lymphokine mRNA levels in stimulated human T cells. Kinetics, mitogen requirements, and effects of cyclosporin A. J Exp Med 1986; 163: 922-37.
    • (1986) J Exp Med , vol.163 , pp. 922-937
    • Granelli-Piperno, A.1    Andrus, L.2    Steinman, R.M.3
  • 78
    • 0028787493 scopus 로고
    • Regulation of transforming growth factor-beta 1 and its receptor by cyclosporin in human T lymphocytes
    • AHUJA SS, SHRIVASTAV S, DANIELPOUR D, BALOW JE, BOUMPAS DT: Regulation of transforming growth factor-beta 1 and its receptor by cyclosporin in human T lymphocytes. Transplantation 1995; 60: 718-23.
    • (1995) Transplantation , vol.60 , pp. 718-723
    • Ahuja, S.S.1    Shrivastav, S.2    Danielpour, D.3    Balow, J.E.4    Boumpas, D.T.5
  • 79
    • 0023818364 scopus 로고
    • Cyclosporine a inhibits accessory cell and antigen-presenting cell functions of epidermal langerhans cells
    • FURUE M, KATZ SI: Cyclosporine A inhibits accessory cell and antigen-presenting cell functions of epidermal langerhans cells. Transplant Proc 1988; 20: 87-91.
    • (1988) Transplant Proc , vol.20 , pp. 87-91
    • Furue, M.1    Katz, S.I.2
  • 80
    • 0026507618 scopus 로고
    • Inhibition by cyclosporine of the production of superoxide radicals
    • KUROKAWA T, NONAMI T, KOBAYASHI H et al.: Inhibition by cyclosporine of the production of superoxide radicals (letter). N Eng J Med 1992; 326: 840.
    • (1992) N Eng J Med , vol.326 , pp. 840
    • Kurokawa, T.1    Nonami, T.2    Kobayashi, H.3
  • 81
    • 0028888155 scopus 로고
    • Dexamethasone or cyclosporin a suppress mast cell leukocyte cytokine cascades. Multiple mechanisms of inhibition of IgE and mast cell-dependent cutaneous inflammation in the mouse
    • WERSHIL BK, FURUTA GT, LAVIGNES JA, CHOUDHURY AR, WANG ZS, GALLI SJ: Dexamethasone or cyclosporin A suppress mast cell leukocyte cytokine cascades. Multiple mechanisms of inhibition of IgE and mast cell-dependent cutaneous inflammation in the mouse. J Immunol 1995; 154: 1391.
    • (1995) J Immunol , vol.154 , pp. 1391
    • Wershil, B.K.1    Furuta, G.T.2    Lavignes, J.A.3    Choudhury, A.R.4    Wang, Z.S.5    Galli, S.J.6
  • 82
    • 0030512313 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cyclosporin a inhibits the in vivo production of interleukin-1β and tumour necrosis factor α, but not interleukin-6, by a T-cell-independent mechanism
    • DAWSON J, HURTENBACH U, MACKENZIE A: Cyclosporin A inhibits the in vivo production of interleukin-1β and tumour necrosis factor α, but not interleukin-6, by a T-cell-independent mechanism. Cytokine 1996; 8: 882-8.
    • (1996) Cytokine , vol.8 , pp. 882-888
    • Dawson, J.1    Hurtenbach, U.2    Mackenzie, A.3
  • 83
    • 0026748870 scopus 로고
    • Cyclosporin A, FK-506, and rapamycin: Pharmacologic probes of lymphocyte signal transduction
    • SIGAL NH, DUMONT FJ: Cyclosporin A, FK-506, and rapamycin: Pharmacologic probes of lymphocyte signal transduction. Ann Rev lmmunol 1992; 10: 519-60.
    • (1992) Ann Rev Lmmunol , vol.10 , pp. 519-560
    • Sigal, N.H.1    Dumont, F.J.2
  • 84
    • 0025909769 scopus 로고
    • Cyclosporin a in vitro decreases bone resorption, osteoclast formation, and the fusion of cells of the monocyte-macrophage lineage
    • ORCEL P, DENNE MA, DE VERNEJOUL MC: Cyclosporin A in vitro decreases bone resorption, osteoclast formation, and the fusion of cells of the monocyte-macrophage lineage. Endocrinology 1992: 128: 1638-46.
    • (1992) Endocrinology , vol.128 , pp. 1638-1646
    • Orcel, P.1    Denne, M.A.2    De Vernejoul, M.C.3
  • 85
    • 0022724506 scopus 로고
    • Cyclosporin a inhibits calcemic hormone-induced bone resorption in vitro
    • STEWART PJ, GREEN OC, STERN PH: Cyclosporin A inhibits calcemic hormone-induced bone resorption in vitro. J Bone Min Res 1986; 1: 285-91.
    • (1986) J Bone Min Res , vol.1 , pp. 285-291
    • Stewart, P.J.1    Green, O.C.2    Stern, P.H.3
  • 86
    • 0026335807 scopus 로고
    • Cyclosporin A: Friend or foe ?
    • EPSTEIN S: Cyclosporin A: Friend or foe ? Calcif Tissue Int 1991; 49: 232-4.
    • (1991) Calcif Tissue Int , vol.49 , pp. 232-234
    • Epstein, S.1
  • 87
    • 0030805604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cyclosporine a is an uncompetitive inhibitor of proteasome activity and prevents NF-kB activation
    • MEYER S, KOHLER GN, JOLY A: Cyclosporine A is an uncompetitive inhibitor of proteasome activity and prevents NF-kB activation. FEBS Letters 1997; 413: 354-8.
    • (1997) FEBS Letters , vol.413 , pp. 354-358
    • Meyer, S.1    Kohler, G.N.2    Joly, A.3
  • 88
    • 0029844707 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cyclosporine a inhibits tissue factor expression in monocytes/macrophages
    • HOLSCHERMANN H, DURFELD F, MAUS U et al.: Cyclosporine A inhibits tissue factor expression in monocytes/macrophages. Blood 1996; 88: 3837-45.
    • (1996) Blood , vol.88 , pp. 3837-3845
    • Holschermann, H.1    Durfeld, F.2    Maus, U.3
  • 90
    • 0031569094 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intracellular Ca2+ elevation and cyclosporin a synergistically induce TGF-β1-mediated apoptosis in lymphocytes
    • ANDJELIC S, KHANNA A, SUTHANTHIRAN M, NIKOLIC-ZUGIC J: Intracellular Ca2+ elevation and cyclosporin A synergistically induce TGF-β1-mediated apoptosis in lymphocytes. J Immunol 1997; 158: 2527-34.
    • (1997) J Immunol , vol.158 , pp. 2527-2534
    • Andjelic, S.1    Khanna, A.2    Suthanthiran, M.3    Nikolic-Zugic, J.4
  • 91
    • 0020361521 scopus 로고
    • Comparative pharmacology and biological effects of different gold compounds
    • WALY DT, DIMARTINO MJ, GRISWOLD DE: Comparative pharmacology and biological effects of different gold compounds. J Rheumatol 1982; 9 (suppl 8): 54-60.
    • (1982) J Rheumatol , vol.9 , Issue.8 SUPPL. , pp. 54-60
    • Waly, D.T.1    Dimartino, M.J.2    Griswold, D.E.3
  • 92
    • 0023787636 scopus 로고
    • Effect of auranofin and sodium aurothiomalate on interleukin-1 production from human monocytes in vivo
    • REMVIG L, ENK C, BLIGAARD N: Effect of auranofin and sodium aurothiomalate on interleukin-1 production from human monocytes in vivo. Scand J Rheumatol 1988; 17: 255-62.
    • (1988) Scand J Rheumatol , vol.17 , pp. 255-262
    • Remvig, L.1    Enk, C.2    Bligaard, N.3
  • 93
    • 0028145160 scopus 로고
    • In vivo analysis of disease modifying drug therapy activity in rheumatoid arthritis by sequential immunohistological analysis of synovial membrane interleukin 1 beta
    • KIRKHAM BW, NAVARRO FJ, CORKILL MM, PANAYI GS: In vivo analysis of disease modifying drug therapy activity in rheumatoid arthritis by sequential immunohistological analysis of synovial membrane interleukin 1 beta. J Rheumatol 1994; 21: 1615-9.
    • (1994) J Rheumatol , vol.21 , pp. 1615-1619
    • Kirkham, B.W.1    Navarro, F.J.2    Corkill, M.M.3    Panayi, G.S.4
  • 94
    • 0023696572 scopus 로고
    • Low-dose gold compounds inhibit fibroblast proliferation and do not affect interleukin-1 secretion by macrophages
    • MATSUBARA T, SAEGUSA Y, HIROHATA K: Low-dose gold compounds inhibit fibroblast proliferation and do not affect interleukin-1 secretion by macrophages. Arthritis Rheum 1988; 31: 1272-80.
    • (1988) Arthritis Rheum , vol.31 , pp. 1272-1280
    • Matsubara, T.1    Saegusa, Y.2    Hirohata, K.3
  • 95
    • 0027932115 scopus 로고
    • Production of interleukin-6 by monocytes isolated from rheumatoid arthritis patients receiving second line drug therapy
    • CRILLY A, MADHOK R, WATSON J, CAPELL HA, STURROCK RD: Production of interleukin-6 by monocytes isolated from rheumatoid arthritis patients receiving second line drug therapy. Br J Rheumatol 1994; 33: 822-5.
    • (1994) Br J Rheumatol , vol.33 , pp. 822-825
    • Crilly, A.1    Madhok, R.2    Watson, J.3    Capell, H.A.4    Sturrock, R.D.5
  • 96
    • 0024594194 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacologic modulation of tumor necrosis factor production by endotoxin stimulated macrophages: In vitro and in vivo effects of auranofin and other chrysotherapeutic compounds
    • EVANS GF, ZUCKERMAN SH: Pharmacologic modulation of tumor necrosis factor production by endotoxin stimulated macrophages: In vitro and in vivo effects of auranofin and other chrysotherapeutic compounds. Agents Actions 1989; 26: 329-34.
    • (1989) Agents Actions , vol.26 , pp. 329-334
    • Evans, G.F.1    Zuckerman, S.H.2
  • 97
    • 0027990227 scopus 로고
    • Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 and interleukin-8 production by rheumatoid synoviocytes: Effects of anti-rheumatic drugs
    • LOETSCHER P, DEWALD B, BAGGIOLINI M, SEITZ M: Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 and interleukin-8 production by rheumatoid synoviocytes: Effects of anti-rheumatic drugs. Cytokine 1994; 6: 162-70.
    • (1994) Cytokine , vol.6 , pp. 162-170
    • Loetscher, P.1    Dewald, B.2    Baggiolini, M.3    Seitz, M.4
  • 98
    • 0026629739 scopus 로고
    • Interleukin-8 in inflammatory rheumatic diseases: Synovial fluid levels, relation to rheumatoid factors, production by mononuclear cells, and effects of gold sodium thiomalate and methotrexate
    • SEITZ M, DEWALD B, CESKS M, GERBER N, BAGGIOLINI M: Interleukin-8 in inflammatory rheumatic diseases: Synovial fluid levels, relation to rheumatoid factors, production by mononuclear cells, and effects of gold sodium thiomalate and methotrexate. Rheumatol Int 1992; 12: 159-64.
    • (1992) Rheumatol Int , vol.12 , pp. 159-164
    • Seitz, M.1    Dewald, B.2    Cesks, M.3    Gerber, N.4    Baggiolini, M.5
  • 99
    • 0027447163 scopus 로고
    • Suppression of interleukin-2 and interleukin-2 receptor biosynthesis by gold compounds in in vitro activated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells
    • SFIKAKIS PP, SOULIOTIS VL, PANAYIOTIDIS PP: Suppression of interleukin-2 and interleukin-2 receptor biosynthesis by gold compounds in in vitro activated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Arthritis Rheum 1993; 36: 208-12.
    • (1993) Arthritis Rheum , vol.36 , pp. 208-212
    • Sfikakis, P.P.1    Souliotis, V.L.2    Panayiotidis, P.P.3
  • 100
    • 0027943202 scopus 로고
    • Effect of gold sodium thiomalate and its thiomalate component on the in vitro expression of endothelial cell adhesion molecules
    • NEWMAN PM, TO SST, ROBINSON BG, HYLAND VJ SCHREIBER L: Effect of gold sodium thiomalate and its thiomalate component on the in vitro expression of endothelial cell adhesion molecules. J Clin Invest 1994; 94: 1864-71.
    • (1994) J Clin Invest , vol.94 , pp. 1864-1871
    • Newman, P.M.1    To, S.S.T.2    Robinson, B.G.3    Hyland, V.J.4    Schreiber, L.5
  • 101
    • 0025052105 scopus 로고
    • Modulation of mediator release from human basophils and pulmonary mast cells and macrophages by auranofin
    • COLUMBO M, GALEONE D, GUIDI G et al.: Modulation of mediator release from human basophils and pulmonary mast cells and macrophages by auranofin. Biochem Pharmcol 1990; 39: 285-91.
    • (1990) Biochem Pharmcol , vol.39 , pp. 285-291
    • Columbo, M.1    Galeone, D.2    Guidi, G.3
  • 102
    • 0026055872 scopus 로고
    • Auranofin inactivates phosphofructokinase in human neutrophils, leading to depletion of intracellular ATP and inhibition of superoxide generation and locomotion
    • ANDERSON R, VAN RENSBURG CEJ, JOONE GK, LESSING A: Auranofin inactivates phosphofructokinase in human neutrophils, leading to depletion of intracellular ATP and inhibition of superoxide generation and locomotion. Mol Pharmacol 1994; 40: 427-34.
    • (1994) Mol Pharmacol , vol.40 , pp. 427-434
    • Anderson, R.1    Van Rensburg, C.E.J.2    Joone, G.K.3    Lessing, A.4
  • 103
    • 0020679950 scopus 로고
    • Effects of gold compounds on the function of phagocytic cells II
    • DAVIS P, JOHNSTON C, MILLER CL, WONG K: Effects of gold compounds on the function of phagocytic cells II. Arthritis Rheum 1983; 26: 82-6.
    • (1983) Arthritis Rheum , vol.26 , pp. 82-86
    • Davis, P.1    Johnston, C.2    Miller, C.L.3    Wong, K.4
  • 104
    • 0024536140 scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of arachidonate via the 5-lipoxygenase pathway
    • ELMGREEN J, AHNFELT-RONNE J, NIELSEN OH: Inhibition of arachidonate via the 5-lipoxygenase pathway. Ann Rheum Dis 1989; 48: 134-8.
    • (1989) Ann Rheum Dis , vol.48 , pp. 134-138
    • Elmgreen, J.1    Ahnfelt-Ronne, J.2    Nielsen, O.H.3
  • 105
    • 0029121568 scopus 로고
    • The anti-rheumatic drug disodium aurothiomalate inhibits CD4 positive T cell recognition of peptides containing two or more cystein residues
    • GRIEM P, TAKAHASHI K, KALBACHER H, GLEICHMANN E: The anti-rheumatic drug disodium aurothiomalate inhibits CD4 positive T cell recognition of peptides containing two or more cystein residues. J Immunol 1995; 155: 1575-87.
    • (1995) J Immunol , vol.155 , pp. 1575-1587
    • Griem, P.1    Takahashi, K.2    Kalbacher, H.3    Gleichmann, E.4
  • 106
    • 0021284926 scopus 로고
    • Effect of gold salts, D-penicillamine and benoxaprofen on type II collagen-induced arthritis in rats
    • LEWIS AJ, CARLSON RP, CHANG J, DELUSTRO P: Effect of gold salts, D-penicillamine and benoxaprofen on type II collagen-induced arthritis in rats. Agents Action 1984; 14: 707-14.
    • (1984) Agents Action , vol.14 , pp. 707-714
    • Lewis, A.J.1    Carlson, R.P.2    Chang, J.3    Delustro, P.4
  • 107
    • 0024214580 scopus 로고
    • The oral gold compound auranofin triggers arachidonate release and cyclooxygenase metabolism in the alveolar macrophage
    • PETERS-GOLDEN M, SHELLY C: The oral gold compound auranofin triggers arachidonate release and cyclooxygenase metabolism in the alveolar macrophage. Prostaglandins 1989; 36: 773-86.
    • (1989) Prostaglandins , vol.36 , pp. 773-786
    • Peters-Golden, M.1    Shelly, C.2
  • 108
    • 0030610434 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prostaglandin E2 production dependent upon cyclooxygenase-1 and cyclooxygenase-2 and its contradictory modulation by auranofin in rat peritoneal macrophages
    • YAMADA M, NIKI H, YAMASHITA M, MUE S, OHUCHI K: Prostaglandin E2 production dependent upon cyclooxygenase-1 and cyclooxygenase-2 and its contradictory modulation by auranofin in rat peritoneal macrophages. J Pharm Exp Ther 1997; 281: 1005-12.
    • (1997) J Pharm Exp Ther , vol.281 , pp. 1005-1012
    • Yamada, M.1    Niki, H.2    Yamashita, M.3    Mue, S.4    Ohuchi, K.5
  • 109
    • 0026632468 scopus 로고
    • Immunomodulator effects of therapeutic gold compounds. Gold sodium thiomalate inhibits the activity of T cell protein kinase C
    • HASHIMOTO K, WHITEHURST CE, MATSUBARA T, HIROHATA K, LIPSKY PE: Immunomodulator effects of therapeutic gold compounds. Gold sodium thiomalate inhibits the activity of T cell protein kinase C. J Clin Invest 1992; 89: 1839-48.
    • (1992) J Clin Invest , vol.89 , pp. 1839-1848
    • Hashimoto, K.1    Whitehurst, C.E.2    Matsubara, T.3    Hirohata, K.4    Lipsky, P.E.5
  • 110
    • 0028357190 scopus 로고
    • Synergistic inhibition of T cell proliferation by gold sodium thiomalate and auranofin
    • HASHIMOTO K, WHITEHURST CE, LIPSKY PE: Synergistic inhibition of T cell proliferation by gold sodium thiomalate and auranofin. J Rheumatol 1994; 21: 1020-6.
    • (1994) J Rheumatol , vol.21 , pp. 1020-1026
    • Hashimoto, K.1    Whitehurst, C.E.2    Lipsky, P.E.3
  • 111
  • 112
    • 0029048919 scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of AP-1 binding and transcription by gold and selenium involving conserved cysteine residues in Jun and Fos
    • HANDEL ML, WATTS CKW, DEFAZIO A, DAY RO, SUTHERLAND RI: Inhibition of AP-1 binding and transcription by gold and selenium involving conserved cysteine residues in Jun and Fos. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1995; 92: 4497-501.
    • (1995) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.92 , pp. 4497-4501
    • Handel, M.L.1    Watts, C.K.W.2    Defazio, A.3    Day, R.O.4    Sutherland, R.I.5
  • 113
    • 0023136333 scopus 로고
    • Uptake of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine by human blood leukocytes in vitro: Relation to cellular concentrations during antirheumatic therapy
    • FRENCH JK, HURST NP, O'DONNELL ML, BETTS WH: Uptake of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine by human blood leukocytes in vitro: Relation to cellular concentrations during antirheumatic therapy. Ann Rheum Dis 1987; 46: 42-5.
    • (1987) Ann Rheum Dis , vol.46 , pp. 42-45
    • French, J.K.1    Hurst, N.P.2    O'Donnell, M.L.3    Betts, W.H.4
  • 114
    • 0023686557 scopus 로고
    • Role of lysosomes in hepatic accumulation of chloroquine
    • MACINTYRE AC, CUTHER DJ: Role of lysosomes in hepatic accumulation of chloroquine. J Rheumatol 1988; 77: 196-9.
    • (1988) J Rheumatol , vol.77 , pp. 196-199
    • MacIntyre, A.C.1    Cuther, D.J.2
  • 115
    • 0019307389 scopus 로고
    • Chloroquine inhibits lysosomal enzyme pinocytosis and enhances lysosomal enzyme secretion by impairing receptor recycling
    • GONZALES-NORIEGA A, GRUBB JH, TALKAD V, SLY WS: Chloroquine inhibits lysosomal enzyme pinocytosis and enhances lysosomal enzyme secretion by impairing receptor recycling. J Cell Biol 1980; 85: 839-52.
    • (1980) J Cell Biol , vol.85 , pp. 839-852
    • Gonzales-Noriega, A.1    Grubb, J.H.2    Talkad, V.3    Sly, W.S.4
  • 116
    • 0020559879 scopus 로고
    • Immunosuppressive potential of antimalarials
    • SALMERON G, LIPSKY PE: Immunosuppressive potential of antimalarials. Am J Med 1983; 75: 19-24.
    • (1983) Am J Med , vol.75 , pp. 19-24
    • Salmeron, G.1    Lipsky, P.E.2
  • 117
    • 0026000241 scopus 로고
    • Chloroquine inhibits tumor necrosis factor production by human macrophages in vitro
    • PICOT S, PEYRON F, VUILLEZ JP, POLACK B, AMBROISE-THOMAS P: Chloroquine inhibits tumor necrosis factor production by human macrophages in vitro (letter). J Infect Dis 1991; 164: 830.
    • (1991) J Infect Dis , vol.164 , pp. 830
    • Picot, S.1    Peyron, F.2    Vuillez, J.P.3    Polack, B.4    Ambroise-Thomas, P.5
  • 118
    • 0026655811 scopus 로고
    • Cyclosporine and chloroquine synergistically inhibit the interferon-gamma production by CD4 positive and CD8 positive synovial T cell clones derived from a patient with rheumatoid arthritis
    • LARDEWE RB, MILTENBURG AM, BREEDVELD FC, DAHA MR, DIJKMANS BA. Cyclosporine and chloroquine synergistically inhibit the interferon-gamma production by CD4 positive and CD8 positive synovial T cell clones derived from a patient with rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol 1992; 19: 1353-7.
    • (1992) J Rheumatol , vol.19 , pp. 1353-1357
    • Lardewe, R.B.1    Miltenburg, A.M.2    Breedveld, F.C.3    Daha, M.R.4    Dijkmans, B.A.5
  • 119
    • 0027155777 scopus 로고
    • Selective regulation of cytokine secretion by hydoxychloroquine: Inhibition of interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha) and IL-6 in human monocytes and T cells
    • SPERBER K, QURAISHI H, KALB TH, PANJA A, STECHER V, MAYER L: Selective regulation of cytokine secretion by hydoxychloroquine: Inhibition of interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha) and IL-6 in human monocytes and T cells. J Rheumatol 1993; 20: 803-8.
    • (1993) J Rheumatol , vol.20 , pp. 803-808
    • Sperber, K.1    Quraishi, H.2    Kalb, T.H.3    Panja, A.4    Stecher, V.5    Mayer, L.6
  • 120
    • 0023905837 scopus 로고
    • Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine inhibit multiple sites in metabolic pathways leading to neutrophil superoxide release
    • HURST NP, FRENCH JK, GORJATSCHKO L: Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine inhibit multiple sites in metabolic pathways leading to neutrophil superoxide release. J Rheumatol 1988; 15: 23-7.
    • (1988) J Rheumatol , vol.15 , pp. 23-27
    • Hurst, N.P.1    French, J.K.2    Gorjatschko, L.3
  • 121
    • 0007637015 scopus 로고
    • Antigen processing and presentation to T cells
    • GREY HM, CHESNUT R: Antigen processing and presentation to T cells. Immunol Today 1985; 6: 101-10.
    • (1985) Immunol Today , vol.6 , pp. 101-110
    • Grey, H.M.1    Chesnut, R.2
  • 122
    • 0021173329 scopus 로고
    • A comparison of the stimulatory activities of lymphoid dendritic cells and macrophages in T cells proliferative to various antigens
    • GUIDOS C, WONG M, LEE KC: A comparison of the stimulatory activities of lymphoid dendritic cells and macrophages in T cells proliferative to various antigens. J Immunol 1984; 133: 1179-85.
    • (1984) J Immunol , vol.133 , pp. 1179-1185
    • Guidos, C.1    Wong, M.2    Lee, K.C.3
  • 123
    • 0030743785 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The mechanisms of action of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs: A review with emphasis on macrophage signal transduction and the induction of proinflammatory cytokines
    • BONDESON J: The mechanisms of action of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs: A review with emphasis on macrophage signal transduction and the induction of proinflammatory cytokines. Gen Pharmacol 1997; 29: 127-50.
    • (1997) Gen Pharmacol , vol.29 , pp. 127-150
    • Bondeson, J.1
  • 124
    • 1842289274 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Induction of apoptosis in peripheral blood lymphocytes following treatment in vitro with hydroxychloroquine
    • MENG XW, FELLER JM, ZIEGLER JB, PITTMAN SM, IRELAND CM: Induction of apoptosis in peripheral blood lymphocytes following treatment in vitro with hydroxychloroquine. Arthritis Rheum 1997; 40: 927-35.
    • (1997) Arthritis Rheum , vol.40 , pp. 927-935
    • Meng, X.W.1    Feller, J.M.2    Ziegler, J.B.3    Pittman, S.M.4    Ireland, C.M.5
  • 125
    • 0027433763 scopus 로고
    • Glucocorticoid therapy for immune-mediated diseases: Basic and clinical correlates
    • BOUMPAS DT, CHROUSOS GP, WILDER RL, CUPPS TR, BALOW JE: Glucocorticoid therapy for immune-mediated diseases: Basic and clinical correlates. Ann Intern Med 1993; 119: 1198-208.
    • (1993) Ann Intern Med , vol.119 , pp. 1198-1208
    • Boumpas, D.T.1    Chrousos, G.P.2    Wilder, R.L.3    Cupps, T.R.4    Balow, J.E.5
  • 126
    • 0023906367 scopus 로고
    • Dexamethasone inhibition of interleukin-1β production by human monocytes. Post-transcriptional mechanisms
    • KERN JA, LAUMB RJ, REED JC, DANIELE RP, NOWELL PC: Dexamethasone inhibition of interleukin-1β production by human monocytes. Post-transcriptional mechanisms. J Clin Invest 1988; 81: 237-44.
    • (1988) J Clin Invest , vol.81 , pp. 237-244
    • Kern, J.A.1    Laumb, R.J.2    Reed, J.C.3    Daniele, R.P.4    Nowell, P.C.5
  • 127
    • 0029907572 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glucocorticoids modulate CD28 mediated pathways for interleukin-2 production in human T cells. Evidence for post-trascriptional regulation
    • FESSLER BJ, PALIOGIANNI F, HAMA N, BALOW JE, BOUMPAS DT: Glucocorticoids modulate CD28 mediated pathways for interleukin-2 production in human T cells. Evidence for post-trascriptional regulation. Transplantation 1996; 62: 1113-8.
    • (1996) Transplantation , vol.62 , pp. 1113-1118
    • Fessler, B.J.1    Paliogianni, F.2    Hama, N.3    Balow, J.E.4    Boumpas, D.T.5
  • 128
    • 0027440434 scopus 로고
    • Novel mechanism for inhibition of human T cells by glucocorticoids: Glucocortocoids inhibit signal transduction through interleukin-2 receptor
    • PALIOGIANNI F, AHUJA SS, BALOW JP, BALOW JE, BOUMPAS DT: Novel mechanism for inhibition of human T cells by glucocorticoids: Glucocortocoids inhibit signal transduction through interleukin-2 receptor. J Immunol 1993; 151: 4081-9.
    • (1993) J Immunol , vol.151 , pp. 4081-4089
    • Paliogianni, F.1    Ahuja, S.S.2    Balow, J.P.3    Balow, J.E.4    Boumpas, D.T.5
  • 129
    • 0028879819 scopus 로고
    • Role of transcription activation of IkBα in mediation of immunosuppression by glucocorticoids
    • SCHEINMAN RI, COGSWELL PC, LOFQUIST AK, BALDWIN JR AS: Role of transcription activation of IkBα in mediation of immunosuppression by glucocorticoids. Science 1995; 270: 283-6.
    • (1995) Science , vol.270 , pp. 283-286
    • Scheinman, R.I.1    Cogswell, P.C.2    Lofquist, A.K.3    Baldwin Jr., A.S.4
  • 130
    • 0028867899 scopus 로고
    • Immunosuppression by glucocorticoids: Inhibition of NF-kB activity through induction of IkB synthesis
    • AUPHAN N, DIDONATO JA, ROSETTE C, HELMBERG A, KARIN M: Immunosuppression by glucocorticoids: Inhibition of NF-kB activity through induction of IkB synthesis. Science 1995; 270: 286-90.
    • (1995) Science , vol.270 , pp. 286-290
    • Auphan, N.1    Didonato, J.A.2    Rosette, C.3    Helmberg, A.4    Karin, M.5
  • 131
    • 0029943271 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dose-range and dose-frequency study of human interleukin-1 receptor antagonist in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
    • CAMPION GV, LEBSACK ME, LOOKABAUGH Y, GORDON G, CATALANE M, and the IL-1RA ARTHRITIS STUDY GROUP: Dose-range and dose-frequency study of human interleukin-1 receptor antagonist in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 1996; 39: 1092-101.
    • (1996) Arthritis Rheum , vol.39 , pp. 1092-1101
    • Campion, G.V.1    Lebsack, M.E.2    Lookabaugh, Y.3    Gordon, G.4    Catalane, M.5
  • 132
    • 0028143211 scopus 로고
    • Randomized double-blind comparison of chimeric monoclonal antibody to TNF (cA2) versus placebo in rheumatoid arthritis
    • ELLIOT MJ, MAINI RN, FELDMAN M et al.: Randomized double-blind comparison of chimeric monoclonal antibody to TNF (cA2) versus placebo in rheumatoid arthritis. Lancet 1994; 344: 1105-10.
    • (1994) Lancet , vol.344 , pp. 1105-1110
    • Elliot, M.J.1    Maini, R.N.2    Feldman, M.3
  • 133
    • 0013511183 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with recombinant human TNF receptor (p75)-Fc fusion protein
    • MORELAND LW, BAUMGARTNER SW, SCHIFF MH et al.: Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with recombinant human TNF receptor (p75)-Fc fusion protein. N Eng J Med 1997; 337: 141-7.
    • (1997) N Eng J Med , vol.337 , pp. 141-147
    • Moreland, L.W.1    Baumgartner, S.W.2    Schiff, M.H.3
  • 134
    • 0000428990 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • RHUIL-10 in subjects with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA). a Phase I and cytokine response study
    • MAINI RN, PAULUS H, BREEDVELD FC et al.: rHUIL-10 in subjects with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA). A Phase I and cytokine response study (abstract). Arthritis Rheum 1997; 40 (Suppl. 9): S224.
    • (1997) Arthritis Rheum , vol.40 , Issue.9 SUPPL.
    • Maini, R.N.1    Paulus, H.2    Breedveld, F.C.3
  • 136
    • 57249097664 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A pilot study of low-dose fludarabine in membranous nephropathy refractory to therapy
    • TASSIULAS IO, BOUMPAS DT, FLEISHER TA et al.: A pilot study of low-dose fludarabine in membranous nephropathy refractory to therapy (abstract). J Am Soc Nephrol 1996; 7: 1782.
    • (1996) J Am Soc Nephrol , vol.7 , pp. 1782
    • Tassiulas, I.O.1    Boumpas, D.T.2    Fleisher, T.A.3
  • 137
    • 0031935284 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A pilot study of 2-chloro-2-deoxyadenosine in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus-associated glomerulonephritis
    • DAVIS, JR JC, AUSTIN HA, BOUMPAS DT et al.: A pilot study of 2-chloro-2-deoxyadenosine in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus-associated glomerulonephritis. Arthritis Rheum 1998; 41: 335-43.
    • (1998) Arthritis Rheum , vol.41 , pp. 335-343
    • Davis Jr., J.C.1    Austin, H.A.2    Boumpas, D.T.3
  • 138
    • 0031728168 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High-dose versus low-dose fludarabine in the treatment of patients with severe refractory rheumatoid arthritis
    • in press
    • DAVIS Jr JC, FESSLER BJ, TASSIULAS IO et al.: High-dose versus low-dose fludarabine in the treatment of patients with severe refractory rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol 1998 (in press).
    • (1998) J Rheumatol
    • Davis Jr., J.C.1    Fessler, B.J.2    Tassiulas, I.O.3
  • 139
    • 0345223410 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fludarabine in non-malignant disorders
    • CHESON BD, KEATING MJ, PLUNKET W (Eds.): NY, Marcel Decker Inc.
    • TASSIULAS IO, DAVIS Jr JC, FESSLER BJ et al.: Fludarabine in non-malignant disorders. In CHESON BD, KEATING MJ, PLUNKET W (Eds.): Nucleoside Analogs in Cancer Therapy, NY, Marcel Decker Inc., 1997: 383-414.
    • (1997) Nucleoside Analogs in Cancer Therapy , pp. 383-414
    • Tassiulas, I.O.1    Davis Jr., J.C.2    Fessler, B.J.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.