Genetic analysis of axon pattern formation in the embryonic CNS of Drosophila

Invertebrate Neuroscience

Volumn 3, Issue 2-3, 1997, Pages 165-174

  Klämbt, Christian ^a   Schimmelpfeng, Kristina ^a   Hummel, Thomas ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MÜNSTER   (Germany)

Author keywords

CNS axon pattern; Drosophila; Midline

Indexed keywords

ANIMAL CELL; ANTERIOR POSTERIOR AXIS; BRAIN COMMISSURE; CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM; CONFERENCE PAPER; EMBRYO; EMBRYO DEVELOPMENT; GENE FUNCTION; GENE MUTATION; GENETIC ANALYSIS; GENETIC SCREENING; GLIA CELL; MUTAGENESIS; NERVE FIBER; NERVOUS SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT; NEUROBLAST; NEUROMERE; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL;

ANIMALS; AXONS; BODY PATTERNING; DROSOPHILA; MUTATION; NERVOUS SYSTEM;

EID: 0031350091     PISSN: 13542516     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/BF02480371     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (76)

1. Albagli, O., Klaes, A., Ferreira, E., Leprince, D. and Klämbt, C. (1996) Function of ets genes is conserved between vertebrates and Drosophila. Mech. Dev., 59, 29-40.
2. Anderson, M. G., Perkins, G. L., Chittick, P., Shrigley, R. J. and Johnson, W. A. (1995) drifter, a Drosophila POU-domain transcription factor, is required for correct differentiation and migration of tracheal cells and midline glia. Genes Dev., 9, 123-137.
3. Bardwell, V. J. and Treisman, R. (1994) The POZ domain: A conserved protein-protein interaction motif. Genes Dev., 8, 1664-1677.
4. Bier, E., Jan, L. Y. and Jan, Y. N. (1990) rhomboid, a gene required for dorso-ventral axis establishment and peripheral nervous system development in Drosophila melanogaster. Genes Dev., 4, 190-203.
5. Bossing, T., Udolph, G., Doe, C. Q. and Technau, G. M. (1996) The embryonic central nervous system lineages of Drosophila melanogaster. I. Neuroblast lineages derived from the ventral half of the neuroectoderm. Dev. Biol., 179, 41-64.
6. Brown, J. L, Sonoda, S., Ueda, H., Scott, M. and Wu, C. (1991) Repression of the Drosophila fushi tarazu (ftz) segmentation gene. EMBO J., 10, 665-674.
7. Brunner, D., Dücker, K., Oellers, N., Hafen, E., Scholz, H. and Klämbt, C. (1994) The ETS domain protein PointedP2 is a target of MAP kinase in the Sevenless signaling pathway. Nature, 370, 386-389.
8. Campbell, G., Goring, H., Lin, T., Spana, E., Andersson, S., Doe, C. Q. and Tomlinson, A. (1994) RK2, a glial specific homeodomain protein required for embryonic nerve cord condensation and viability in Drosophila. Development, 120, 2957-66.
9. Chan, S. S., Zheng, H., Su, M. W., Wilk, R., Killeen, M. T., Hedgecock, E. M. and Culotti, J. G. (1996) UNC-40, a C. elgans homolog of DCC (Deleted in Colorectal Cancer), is required in motile cells responding to UNC-6 netrin cues. Cell, 87, 187-95.
10. Chong, J. A., Tapia-Ramirez, J., Kim, S., Toledo-Aral, J. J., Zheng, Y., Boutros, M. C., Altshuller, Y. M., Frohman, M. A., Kraner, S. D. and Mandel, G. (1995) REST: a mammalian silencer protein that restricts sodium channel gene expression to neurons. Cell, 80, 949-957.
11. Condron, B. G. and Zinn, K. (1994) The grasshopper median neuroblast is a multipotent progenitor cell that generates glia and neurons in distinct temporal phases. J. Neurosci., 14, 5766-5777.
12. Crews, S. T., Thomas, J. B. and Goodman, C. S. (1988) The Drosophila single-minded gene encodes a nuclear protein with sequence similarity to the per gene product. Cell, 52, 143-151.
13. Dong, R. and Jacobs, J. R. (1997) Origin and differentiation of supernumerary midline glia in Drosophila embryos deficient for apoptosis. Dev. Biol., 190, 165-77.
14. Ericson, J., Morton, S., Kawakami, A., Roelink, H. and Jessell, T. M. (1996) Two critical periods of Sonic Hedgehog signaling required for the specification of motor neuron identity. Cell, 87, 661-73.
15. Freeman, M. (1994) The spitz gene is required for photoreceptor determination in the Drosophila eye where it interacts with the EGF receptor. Mech. Dev., 48, 25-33.
16. Giesen, K., Hummel, T., Stollewerk, A., Harrison, S., Travers, A. and Klämbt, C. (1997) Glial development in the Drosophila CNS requires concomitant activation of glial and repression of neuronal differentiation genes. Development, 124, 2307-2311.
17. Golembo, M., Raz, E. and Shilo, B. Z. (1996) The Drosophila embryonic midline is the site of Spitz processing, and induces activation of the EGF receptor in the ventral ectoderm. Development, 122, 3363-3370.
18. Goodman, C. S. and Shatz, C. J. (1993) Developmental mechanisms that generate precise patterns of neuronal connectivity. Cell, 72, 77-82.
19. Halter, D. A., Urban, J., Rickert, C., Ner, S. S., Ito, K., Travers, A. and Technau, G. M. (1995) The homeobox gene repo is required for the differentiation and maintenance of glia function in the embryonic nervous system of Drosophila melanogster. Development, 121, 317-332.
20. Harris, R., Sabatelli, L. M. and Seeger, M. A. (1996) Guidance cues at the Drosophila midline: Identification and characterization of two Drosophila netrin/unc6 homologs. Neuron, 17, 217-228.
21. Harrison, S. and Travers, A. (1990) The tramtrack gene encodes a Drosophila finger protein that interacts with the ftz transcriptional regulatory region and shows a novel embryonic expression pattern. EMBO J., 9, 207-216.
22. Hidalgo, A., Urban, J. and Brand, A. H. (1995) Targeted ablation of glia disrupts axon tract formation in the Drosophila CNS. Development, 121, 3702-3712.
23. Hosoya, T., Takizawa, K., Nitta, K. and Hotta, Y. (1995) glial cells missing: a binary switch between neuronal and glial determination in Drosophila Cell, 82, 1025-1036.
24. Hynes, M., Porter, J. A., Chiang, C., Chang, D., Tessier-Lavigne, M., Beachy, P. A. and Rosenthal, A. (1995) Induction of mid-brain dopaminergic neurons by Sonic hedgehog. Neuron, 15, 35-44.
25. Jones, B. W., Fetter, R. J., Tear, G. and Goodman, C. S. G. (1995) glial cells missing: a genetic switch that controls glial versus neuronal fate. Cell, 82, 1013-1023.
26. Keino-Masu, K., Masu, M., Hinck, L., Leonardo, E. D., Chan, S. S., Culotti, J. G. and Tessier-Lavigne, M. (1996) deleted in colorectal cancer (DCC) encodes a netrin receptor. Cell, 87, 175-85.
27. Kidd, T., Brose, K., Mitchell, K. J., Fetter, R. D., Tessier-Lavigne, M., Goodman, C. S. and Tear, G. (1998a) Roundabout controls axon crossing of the CNS midline and defines a novel subfamily of evolutionarily conserved guidance receptors. Cell, 92, 205-15.
28. Kidd, T., Russell, C., Goodman, C. S. and Tear, G. (1998b) Dosage sensitive and complementary functions of roundabout and commissureless control axon crossing of the CNS midline. Neuron, 20, 25-33.
29. Klaes, A., Menne, T., Stollewerk, A., Scholz, H. and Klämbt, C. (1994) The ETS transcription factors encoded by the Drosophila gene pointed direct glial cell differentiation in the embryonic CNS. Cell, 78, 149-160.
30. Klämbt, C. (1993) The Drosophila gene pointed encodes two ets like proteins, which are involved in the development of the midline glial cells. Development, 117, 163-176.
31. Klämbt, C., Hummel, T., Menne, T., Sadlowski, S., Scholz, H. and Stollewerk, A. (1996) Development and function of embryonic CNS glial cells in Drosophila. Develop. Genet., 18, 40-49.
32. Klämbt, C., Jacobs, R. J. and Goodman, C. S. (1991) The midline of the Drosophila CNS: Model and genetic analysis of cell lineage, cell migration, development of commissural axon pathways. Cell, 64, 801-815.
33. Kolodkin, A. L., Pickup, A. T., Lin, D. M., Goodman, C. S. and Banerjee, U. (1994) Characterization of Star and its interactions with sevenless and EGF receptor during photoreceptor development in Drosophila. Development, 120, 1731-1745.
34. Kolodziej, P. A., Timpe, L. C., Mitchell, K. J., Fried, S. R., Goodman, C. S., Jan, L. Y. and Jan, Y. N. (1996) frazzled encodes a Drosophila member of the DCC immunoglobulin sub-family and is required for CNS and motor axon guidance. Cell, 87, 197-204.
35. Labouesse, M., Hartwieg, E. and Horvitz, H. R. (1996) The Caenorhabditis elegans lin-26 protein is required to specify and/or maintain all non-neuronal ectodermal cell fates. Development, 122, 2579-2588.
36. Leonardo, E. D., Hinck, L., Masu, M., Keino-Masu, K., Ackerman, S. L. and Tessier-Lavigne, M. (1997) Vertebrate homologues of C. elegans UNC 5 are candidate netrin receptors. Nature, 386, 833-8.
37. Li, L., Suzuki, T., Mori, N. and Greengard, P. (1993) Identification of a functional silencer element involved in neuron-specific expression of the synapsin I gene. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 90, 1460-1464.
38. Li, S., Li, Y., Carthew, R. W. and Lai, Z. C. (1997) Photoreceptor cell differentiation requires regulated proteolysis of the transcriptional repressor TRAMTRACK. Cell, 90, 469-78.
39. Martin, K. A., Poeck, B., Roth, H., Ebens, A., J., Ballard, L. C. and Zipursky, S. L. (1995) Mutations disrupting neuronal connectivity in the Drosophila visual system. Neuron, 14, 229-240.
40. Martín-Bermudo, M. D., Carmena, A. and Jiménez, F. (1995) Neurogenic genes control gene expression at the transcriptional level in early neurogenesis and in mesectoderm speification. Development, 121, 219-224.
41. Mayer, U., and Nüsslein-Volhard, C. (1988) A group of genes required for pattern formation in the ventral ectoderm of the Drosophila embryo. Genes Dev., 2, 1496-1511.
42. Menne, T. V., and Klämbt, C. (1994) The formation of commissures in the Drosophila CNS depends on the midline cells and on the Notch gene. Development, 120, 123-133.
43. Mitchell, K. J., Doyle, J. L., Serafini, T., Kennedy, T., Tessier-Lavigne, M., Goodman, C. S. and Dickson, B. (1996) Genetic analysis of netrin genes in Drosophila: Netrins guide CNS commissurals axons and periferal motor axons. Neuron, 17, 203-215.
44. Munsterberg, A. E., and Lassar, A. B. (1995) Combinatorial signals from the neural tube, floor plate and notochord induce myogenic bHLH gene expression in the somite. Development, 121, 651-660.
45. Nambu, J. R., Lewis, J. O., Wharton, K. A. and Crews, S. T. (1991) The Drosophila single-minded gene encodes a helix-loop-helix protein that acts as a master regulator of midline development. Cell, 67, 1157-1167.
46. O'Neill, E. M., Rebay, I., Tjian, R. and Rubin, G. M. (1994) The activities of two Ets-related transcription factors required for Drosophila eye development are modulated by the RAS/MAPK pathway. Cell, 78, 137-147.
47. Pourquie, O., Fan, C. M., Coltey, M., Hirsinger, E., Watanabe, Y., Breant, C., Francis-West, P., Brickell, P., Tessier-Lavigne, M. and Le Douarin, N. M. (1996) Lateral and axial signals involved in avian somite patterning: a role for BMP4. Cell, 84, 461-471.
48. Read, D., and Manley, J. (1992) Alternatively spliced transcripts of the Drosophila tramtrack gene encode zinc finger proteins with distinct DNA binding properties. EMBO J., 11, 1035-1044.
49. Roelink, H., Porter, J. A., Chiang, C., Tanabe, Y., Chang, D. T., Beachy, P. A. and Jessell, T. M. (1995) Floor plate and motor neuron induction by different concentrations of the amino terminal cleavage product of sonic hedgehog autoproteolysis. Cell, 81, 445-455.
50. Rutledge, B. J., Zhang, K., Bier, E., Jan, Y. N. and Perrimon, N. (1992) The Drosophila gene spitz encodes a putative EGF-like growth factor involved in dorsal-ventral axis formation and neurogenesis. Genes Dev., 6, 1503-1517.
51. Salzberg, E., D'Evelyn, D., Schultze, K., Lee, J.-K., Strumpf, D., Tsai, L. and Bellen, H. J. (1994) Mutations affecting the pattern of the PNS in Drosophila reveal novel aspects of neuronal development. Neuron, 13, 269-287.
52. Schmidt, H., Rickert, C., Bossing, T., Vef, O., Urban, J. and Technau, G. M. (1997) The embryonic central nervous system lineages of Drosophila melanogaster. II. Neuroblast lineages derived from the dorsal part of the neuroectoderm. Dev. Biol., 189, 186-204.
53. Schmucker, D., Jackle, H. and Gaul, U. (1997) Genetic analysis of the larval optic nerve projection in Drosophila. Development, 124, 937-48.
54. Schoenherr, C. J., and Anderson, D. J. (1995) The neuron-restrictive silencer factor (NRSF): a coordinate repressor of multiple neuron-specific genes. Science, 267, 1360-1363.
55. Scholz, H., Deatrick, J., Klaes, A. and Klämbt, C. (1993) Genetic dissection of pointed, a Drosophila gene encoding two ets related proteins. Genetics, 135, 455-468.
56. Scholz, H., Sadlowski, E., Klaes, A. and Klämbt, C. (1997) Control of midline glia development in the embryonic Drosophila CNS. MOD, 64, 137-151.
57. Schweitzer, R., Shahrabany, M., Seger, R. and Shilo, B.-Z. (1995) Secreted spitz triggers the DER signaling pathway and is a limiting component in the embryonic ventral ectoderm determination. Genes Dev., 9, 1518-11529.
58. Seeger, M., Tear, G., Ferres-Marca, D. and Goodman, C. S. (1993) Mutations affecting growth cone guidance in Drosophila: Genes necessary for guidance towards or away from the midline. Neuron, 10, 409-426.
59. Serafini, T., Colamarino, S. A., Leonardo, E. D., Wang, H., Beddington, R., Skarnes, W. C. and Tessier-Lavigne, M. (1996) Netrin 1 is required for commissural axon guidance in the developing vertebrate nervous system. Cell, 87, 1001-14.
60. Silver, J., Lorenz, S. E., Wahlstein, D. and Coughlin, J. (1982) Axonal guidance during development of the great cerebral commissures: Descriptive and experimental studies in vivo on the role of preformed glial pathways. J. Comp. Neurol., 210, 10-29.
61. Sonnenfeld, M. J., and Jacobs, J. R. (1995) Apoptosis of the midline glia during Drosophila embryogenesis: a correlation with axon contact. Development, 121, 569-578.
62. Soula, C., Foulquier, F., Duprat, A. M. and Cochard, P. (1993) Lineage analysis of early neural plate cells: cells with purely neuronal fate coexist with bipotential neuroglial progenitors. Dev. Biol., 159, 196-207.
63. Stemerdink, C., and Jacobs, J. R. (1997) Argos and Spitz group genes function to regulate midline glial cell number in Drosophila embryos. Development, 124, 3787-96.
64. Sturtevant, M. A., Roark, M. and Bier, E. (1993) The Drosophila rhomboid gene mediates the localized formation of wing veins and interacts genetically with components of the EGF-R signaling pathway. Genes Dev., 7, 961-973.
65. Sturtevant, M. A., Roark, M., O'Neill, J. W., Biehs, B., Colley, N. and Bier, E. (1996) The Drosophila rhomboid protein is concentrated in patches at the apical cell surface. Der. Biol., 174, 298-309.
66. Tang, A. H., Neufeld, T. P., Kwan, E. and Rubin, G. M. (1997) PHYL acts to down regulate TTK88, a transcriptional repressor of neuronal cell fates, by a SINA dependent mechanism. Cell, 90, 459-67.
67. Tear, G., Harris, R., Sutaria, S., Kilomanski, K., Goodman, C. S. and Seeger, M. A. (1996) commissureless controls growth cone guidance across the CNS midline in Drosophila and encodes a novel membrane protein. Neuron, 16, 501-14.
68. Tessier-Lavigne, M., and Goodman, C. S. (1996) The molecular biology of axon guidance. Science, 274, 1123-33.
69. Thomas, J. B., Crews, S. T. and Goodman, C. S. (1988) Molecular genetics of the single-minded locus: a gene involved in the development of the Drosophila nervous system. Cell, 52, 133-141.
70. Udolph, G., Prokop, A., Bossing, T. and Technau, G. M. (1993) A common precursor for glia and neurons in the embryonic CNS of Drosophila gives rise to segment specific lineage variants. Development, 118, 765-775.
71. van Vactor, D., Sink, H., Fambrough, D., Tsoo, R. and Goodman, C. S. (1993) Genes that control neuromuscular specificity in Drosophila. Cell, 73, 1137-1153.
72. Vincent, S., Vonesch, J.-L. and Giangrande, A. (1996) glide directs glial fate commitment and cell fate switch between neurones and glia. Development, 122, 131-139.
73. Xiong, W.-C., Okano, H., Patel, N. H. and Montell, C. (1994) repo encodes a glial-specific homeo domain protein required in the Drosophila nervous system. Genes Dev., 8, 981-994.
74. Xiong, W. C., and Montell, C. (1993) tramtrack is a transcriptional repressor required for cell fate determination in the Drosophila eye. Genes Dev., 7, 1085-1096.
75. Yamada, T., Pfaff, S. L., Edlund, T. and Jessell, T. M. (1993) Control of cell pattern in the neural tube: motor neuron induction by diffusible factors from notochord and floor plate. Cell, 73, 673-686.
76. Zollman, S., Godt, D., Prive, G. G., Couderc, J. L. and Laski, F. A. (1994) The BTB domain, found primarily in zinc finger proteins, defines an evolutionary conserved family that includes several developmentally regulated genes in Drosophila. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 91, 10717-10721.