Trends in Racial/Ethnic Representation among US Medical Students

JAMA Network Open

Volumn 2, Issue 9, 2019, Pages

  MBiostat, Elle Lett ^a,b   Murdock, H Moses ^a   Orji, Whitney U ^a,b   Aysola, Jaya ^a,b,c   Sebro, Ronnie ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACCREDITATION; ADULT; ALASKA NATIVE; AMERICAN INDIAN; ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY; FEMALE; HISPANIC; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; LINEAR REGRESSION ANALYSIS; MALE; MEDICAL SCHOOL; MEDICAL STUDENT; NATIVE HAWAIIAN; PACIFIC ISLANDER; PHYSICIAN; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; UNITED STATES; WORKFORCE; CULTURAL DIVERSITY; DECISION MAKING; ETHNIC GROUP; ETHNOLOGY; PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT; PREMEDICAL STUDENT; PSYCHOLOGY;

ADULT; CAREER CHOICE; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES; CULTURAL DIVERSITY; ETHNIC GROUPS; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; PERSONNEL SELECTION; PHYSICIANS; SCHOOLS, MEDICAL; STUDENTS, MEDICAL; STUDENTS, PREMEDICAL; UNITED STATES; WORKFORCE;

EID: 85071739037     PISSN: None     EISSN: 25743805     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.10490     Document Type: Article

References (21)

1. Liasion Committee on Medical Education. Liaison Committee on Medical Education (LCME) standards on diversity. https://health.usf.edu/~/media/Files/Medicine/MD%20Program/Diversity/LCMEStandardsonDiversity1.ashx?la=en. Accessed January 8, 2019.
2. Association of American Medical Colleges. Underrepresented in medicine definition. https://www.aamc.org/initiatives/urm/. Accessed January 8, 2019.
3. Cohen JJ, Gabriel BA, Terrell C. The case for diversity in the health care workforce. Health Aff (Millwood). 2002; 21 (5): 90-102. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.21.5.90 12224912
4. Moy E, Bartman BA. Physician race and care of minority and medically indigent patients. JAMA. 1995; 273 (19): 1515-1520. doi: 10.1001/jama.1995.03520430051038 7739078
5. Komaromy M, Grumbach K, Drake M, The role of black and Hispanic physicians in providing health care for underserved populations. N Engl J Med. 1996; 334 (20): 1305-1310. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199605163342006 8609949
6. Boatright DH, Samuels EA, Cramer L, Association between the Liaison Committee on Medical Education's diversity standards and changes in percentage of medical student sex, race, and ethnicity. JAMA. 2018; 320 (21): 2267-2269. doi: 10.1001/jama.2018.13705 30512090
7. Deville C, Hwang WT, Burgos R, Chapman CH, Both S, Thomas CR Jr. Diversity in graduate medical education in the united states by race, ethnicity, and sex, 2012. JAMA Intern Med. 2015; 175 (10): 1706-1708. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2015.4324 26301524
8. Guevara JP, Adanga E, Avakame E, Carthon MB. Minority faculty development programs and underrepresented minority faculty representation at US medical schools. JAMA. 2013; 310 (21): 2297-2304. doi: 10.1001/jama.2013.282116 24302093
9. Association of American Medical Colleges. FACTS: applicants, matriculants, enrollment, graduates, MD-PhD, and residency applicants data. https://www.aamc.org/data/facts/. Accessed July 5, 2019.
10. Kahle D, Wickham H. ggmap: spatial visualization with ggplot2. R J. 2013; 5 (1): 144-161. doi: 10.32614/RJ-2013-014
11. Lett LA, Orji WU, Sebro R. Declining racial and ethnic representation in clinical academic medicine: a longitudinal study of 16 US medical specialties. PLoS One. 2018; 13 (11): e0207274. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207274 30444928
12. Flores RL. The rising gap between rich and poor: a look at the persistence of educational disparities in the United States and why we should worry. Cogent Soc Sci. 2017; 3 (1). doi: 10.1080/23311886.2017.1323698
13. Jackson D. Why am I behind? an examination of low income and minority students' preparedness for college. McNair Sch J. 2012; 13 (4): 121-138.
14. Smedley BD, Stith AY, Colburn L, Evans CH; US Institute of Medicine. Inequality in teaching and schooling: how opportunity is rationed to students of color in America. In: The Right Thing to Do, The Smart Thing to Do: Enhancing Diversity in the Health Professions. Washington, DC: National Academies Press; 2001. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK223640/?report=reader. Accessed July 5, 2019.
15. Rothstein R. The racial achievement gap, segregated schools, and segregated neighborhoods: a constitutional insult. Race Soc Probl. 2015; 7 (1): 21-30. doi: 10.1007/s12552-014-9134-1
16. Association of American Medical Colleges. 2017 state physician workforce data report. https://store.aamc.org/downloadable/download/sample/sample-id/30/. Accessed July 8, 2019.
17. Sadler GR, Ryujin L, Nguyen T, Oh G, Paik G, Kustin B. Heterogeneity within the Asian American community. Int J Equity Health. 2003; 2 (1): 12. doi: 10.1186/1475-9276-2-12 14697098
18. Mukherji BR, Neuwirth LS, Limonic L. Making the case for real diversity: redefining underrepresented minority students in public universities. SAGE Open. 2017; 7 (2). doi: 10.1177/2158244017707796
19. Killick D. Critical intercultural practice: learning in and for a multicultural globalizing world. J Int Students. 2018; 8 (3): 1422-1439. doi: 10.32674/jis.v8i3.64
20. Mayer KH, Bradford JB, Makadon HJ, Stall R, Goldhammer H, Landers S. Sexual and gender minority health: what we know and what needs to be done. Am J Public Health. 2008; 98 (6): 989-995. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2007.127811 18445789
21. Whitla DK, Orfield G, Silen W, Teperow C, Howard C, Reede J. Educational benefits of diversity in medical school: a survey of students. Acad Med. 2003; 78 (5): 460-466. doi: 10.1097/00001888-200305000-00007 12742780