Group life shapes the psychology and biology of health: The case for a sociopsychobio model

Social and Personality Psychology Compass

Volumn 13, Issue 8, 2019, Pages

  Haslam, S Alexander ^a   Haslam, Catherine ^a   Jetten, Jolanda ^a   Cruwys, Tegan ^b   Bentley, Sarah ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF QUEENSLAND   (Australia)

^b AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; BIOLOGY; HUMAN; PSYCHOLOGY; SOCIAL CLASS; SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT; SOCIAL NETWORK; STRESS;

EID: 85070273713     PISSN: None     EISSN: 17519004     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/spc3.12490     Document Type: Article

References (123)

1. Abramovitz, M., & Zelnick, J. (2010). Double jeopardy: The impact of neoliberalism on care workers in the United States and South Africa. International Journal of Health Services, 40(1), 97–117. https://doi.org/10.2190/HS.40.1.f
2. Alexander, B. K. (2008). The globalization of addiction: A study in the poverty of spirit. New York: Oxford University Press.
3. Anisman, H. (2016). Health psychology. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
4. Anisman, H., Hayley, S., & Kusnecow, A. (2016). The immune system and mental health. New York: Academic Press.
5. Beck, J. S. (2011). Cognitive behavior therapy: Basics and beyond (2nd ed.). New York, NY: The Guilford Press.
6. Begeny, C. T., & Huo, Y. J. (2018). Is it always good to feel valued? The psychological benefits and costs of higher perceived status in one's ethnic minority group. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 21, 193–213. https://doi.org/10.1177/1368430216656922
7. Benning, T. B. (2015). Limitations of the biopsychosocial model in psychiatry. Advances in Medical Education and Practice, 6, 347–352. https://doi.org/10.2147/AMEP.S82937
8. Berkman, L. F., & Syme, S. L. (1979). Social networks, host resistance, and mortality: A nine-year follow-up study of Alameda County residents. American Journal of Epidemiology, 109, 186–204. https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwx103
9. Bombay, A., Matheson, K., & Anisman, H. (2014). The intergenerational effects of Indian Residential Schools: Implications for the concept of historical trauma. Transcultural Psychiatry, 51, 320–338. https://doi.org/10.1177/1363461513503380
10. Branscombe, N. R., Schmitt, M. T., & Harvey, R. D. (1999). Perceiving pervasive discrimination among African Americans: Implications for group identification and well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77, 135–149. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.77.1.135
11. Bronfenbrenner, U. (1977). Toward an experimental ecology of human development. American Psychologist, 32, 513–531. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.32.7.513
12. Butler, A. C., Chapman, J. E., Forman, E. M., & Beck, A. T. (2006). The empirical status of cognitive-behavioral therapy: A review of meta-analyses. Clinical Psychology Review, 26, 17–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2005.07.003
13. Cacioppo, J. T., Berntson, G. G., Sheridan, J. F., & McClintock, M. K. (2000). Multilevel integrative analyses of human behavior: Social neuroscience and the complementing nature of social and biological approaches. Psychological Bulletin, 126, 829–843. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.126.6.829
14. Cacioppo, J. T., & Patrick, W. (2008). Loneliness: Human nature and the need for social connection. New York: WW Norton & Company.
15. Cameron, J. E., Voth, J., Jaglal, S. B., Guilcher, S. J., Hawker, G., & Salbach, N. M. (2018). “In this together”: Social identification predicts health outcomes (via self-efficacy) in a chronic disease self-management program. Social Science & Medicine. Advance on-Line Publication, 208, 172–179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.03.007
16. Caporael, L. R., & Brewer, M. B. (1995). Hierarchical evolutionary theory: There is an alternative, and it's not creationism. Psychological Inquiry, 6, 31–34. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327965pli0601_2
17. Cole, S. W., Kemeny, M. E., & Taylor, S. E. (1997). Social identity and physical health: Accelerated HIV progression in rejection-sensitive gay men. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72, 320–335. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.72.2.320
18. Crabtree, J. W., Haslam, S. A., Postmes, T., & Haslam, C. (2010). Mental health support groups, stigma and self-esteem: Positive and negative implications of group identification. Journal of Social Issues, 66, 553–569. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4560.2010.01662.x
19. Crum, A. J., & Langer, E. J. (2007). Mind-set matters: Exercise and the placebo effect. Psychological Science, 18, 165–171. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.2007.01867.x
20. Crum, A. J., Salovey, P., & Achor, S. (2013). Rethinking stress: The role of mindsets in determining the stress response. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 104, 716–729. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0031201
21. Cruwys, T., Dingle, G., Haslam, S. A., Haslam, C., Jetten, J., & Morton, T. (2013). Social group memberships protect against future depression, alleviate depression symptoms, and prevent depression relapse. Social Science & Medicine, 98, 179–186. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2013.09.013
22. Cruwys, T., Haslam, S. A., Dingle, G. A., Haslam, C., & Jetten, J. (2014). Depression and social identity: An integrative review. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 8, 215–238. https://doi.org/10.1177/108886831452383
23. Cruwys, T., Haslam, S. A., Fox, N., & McMahon, H. (2015). “That's not what we do”: Evidence that normative change is a mechanism of action in group interventions. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 65, 11–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2014.12.003
24. Cwikel, J. (2006). Social epidemiology: Strategies for public health activism. New York, NY: Columbia University Press.
25. Deacon, B. J. (2013). The biomedical model of mental disorder: A critical analysis of its validity, utility, and effects on psychotherapy research. Clinical Psychology Review, 33, 846–861. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2012.09.007
26. Drury, J., & Winter, G. (2004). Social identity as a source of strength in mass emergencies and other crowd events. International Journal of Mental Health, 32, 77–93. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207411.2003.11449599
27. Dunbar, R. I. M. (1998). The social brain hypothesis. Brain, 9, 178–190. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1520-6505(1998)6:5<178::AID-EVAN5>3.0.CO;2-8
28. Dunbar, R. I. M. (2013). Primate social systems. New York, NY: Springer.
29. Ehlers, A., & Clark, D. M. (2000). A cognitive model of posttraumatic stress disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 38, 319–345. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7967(99)00123-0
30. Engel, G. L. (1977). The need for a new medical model: A challenge for biomedicine. Science, 196, 129–136. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.847460
31. Epstein, L. H. (1992). The role of behavior theory in behavioral medicine. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 60, 493–498. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.60.4.493
32. Fenton, W. S., Blyler, C. R., & Heinssen, R. K. (1997). Determinants of medication compliance in schizophrenia: Empirical and clinical findings. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 23, 637–651. https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/23.4.637
33. Folkman, S., & Moskowitz, J. T. (2004). Coping: Pitfalls and promise. Annual Review of Psychology, 55, 745–774. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.55.090902.141456
34. George, D. (2004). Social class and social identity. Review of Social Economy, 64, 429–445. https://doi.org/10.1080/00346760601024401
35. Ghaemi, S. N. (2011). The biopsychosocial model in psychiatry: A critique. Existenz, 6, 1–8.
36. Gleibs, I. H., Haslam, C., Haslam, S. A., & Jones, J. M. (2011). Water clubs in residential care: Is it the water or the club that enhances health and well-being? Psychology & Health, 26, 1361–1377. https://doi.org/10.1080/08870446.2010.529140
37. Goodman, A., Fleming, K., Markwick, N., Morrison, T., Lagimodiere, L., & Kerr, T. (2017). “They treated me like crap and I know it was because I was Native”: The healthcare experiences of Aboriginal peoples living in Vancouver's inner city. Social Science & Medicine, 178, 87–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.01.053
38. Greenaway, K. H., Cruwys, T., Haslam, S. A., & Jetten, J. (2016). Social identities promote well-being because they satisfy global psychological needs. European Journal of Social Psychology, 46, 294–307. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.2169
39. Greenaway, K. H., Haslam, S. A., Branscombe, N. R., Cruwys, T., Ysseldyk, R., & Heldreth, C. (2015). From “we” to “me”: Group identification enhances perceived personal control with consequences for health and well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 109, 53–74. https://doi.org/10.1037/pspi0000019
40. Harvey, A. G. (2004). Cognitive behavioural processes across psychological disorders: A transdiagnostic approach to research and treatment. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/med:psych/9780198528883.001.0001
41. Haslam, C., Haslam, S. A., Jetten, J., Bevins, A., Ravenscroft, S., & Tonks, J. (2010). The social treatment: The benefits of group interventions in residential care settings. Psychology and Aging, 25, 157–167. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0018256
42. Haslam, C., Jetten, J., Cruwys, C., Dingle, G., & Haslam, S. A. (2018). The new psychology of health: Unlocking the social cure. London: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315648569
43. Haslam, S. A. (2004). Psychology in organizations: The social identity approach (2nd ed.). London: Sage.
44. Haslam, S. A., Jetten, J., O'Brien, A., & Jacobs, E. (2004). Social identity, social influence, and reactions to potentially stressful tasks: Support for the self-categorization model of stress. Stress and Health, 20, 3–9. https://doi.org/10.1002/smi.995
45. Haslam, S. A., Jetten, J., Postmes, T., & Haslam, C. (2009). Social identity, health and well-being: An emerging agenda for applied psychology. Applied Psychology. An International Review, 58, 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-0597.2008.00379.x
46. Haslam, S. A., McMahon, C., Cruwys, T., Haslam, C., Greenaway, K., Jetten, J., & Steffens, N. K. (2018). Social cure, what social cure? The propensity to underestimate the importance of social factors for health. Social Science & Medicine, 198, 14–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.12.020
47. Haslam, S. A., O'Brien, A., Jetten, J., Vormedal, K., & Penna, S. (2005). Taking the strain: Social identity, social support and the experience of stress. British Journal of Social Psychology, 44, 355–370. https://doi.org/10.1348/014466605X37468
48. Haslam, S. A., & Reicher, S. D. (2006). Stressing the group: Social identity and the unfolding dynamics of responses to stress. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91, 1037–1052. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.91.5.1037
49. Haslam, S. A., Reicher, S. D., & Levine, M. (2012). When other people are heaven, when other people are hell: How social identity determines the nature and impact of social support. In J. Jetten, C. Haslam, & S. A. Haslam (Eds.), The social cure: Identity, health, and well-being (pp. 157–174). Hove, UK: Psychology Press.
50. Häusser, J. A., Kattenstroth, M., Van Dick, R., & Mojzisch, A. (2012). “We” are not stressed: Social identity in groups buffers neuroendocrine stress reactions. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 48, 973–977. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2012.02.020
51. Havelka, M., Despot Lucanin, J., & Lucanin, D. (2009). Biopsychosocial model: The integrated approach to health and disease. Collegium Antropologicum, 33, 303–310. doi:ttps://hrcak.srce.hr/39603
52. Hewa, S., & Hetherington, R. W. (1995). Specialists without spirit: Limitations of the mechanistic biomedical model. Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics, 16, 129–139. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00998540
53. Hollon, S. D., Jarrett, R. B., Nierenberg, A. A., Thase, M. E., Trivedi, M., & Rush, A. J. (2005). Psychotherapy and medication in the treatment of adult and geriatric depression: Which monotherapy or combined treatment? The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 66, 455–468. https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.v66n0408
54. Holt-Lunstad, J., Smith, T. B., & Layton, J. B. (2010). Social relationships and mortality risk: A meta-analytic review. PLoS Medicine, 7, 2–20. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1000316
55. Horvath, A. O., & Symonds, B. D. (1991). Relation between working alliance and outcome in psychotherapy: A meta-analysis. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 38, 139–149. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.38.2.139
56. Howell, J., Koudenburg, N., Loschelder, D., Weston, D., Fransen, K., De Dominicis, S., … Haslam, S. A. (2014). Happy but unhealthy: The relationship between social ties and health in an emerging network. European Journal of Social Psychology, 44, 602–611. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.2030
57. Jackson, M. (2012). The pursuit of happiness: The social and scientific origins of Hans Selye's natural philosophy of life. History of the Human Sciences, 25, 13–29. https://doi.org/10.1177/0952695112468526
58. Jackson, M. (2013). The age of stress: Science and the search for stability. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199588626.001.0001
59. Jetten, J., Branscombe, N. R., Haslam, S. A., Haslam, C., Cruwys, T., Jones, J. M., … Zhang, A. (2015). Having a lot of a good thing: Multiple important group memberships as a source of self-esteem. PLoS ONE, 10(6), e0131035. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0124609
60. Jetten, J., Haslam, C., & Haslam, S. A. (2012). The social cure: Identity, health and well-being. New York: Psychology Press.
61. Jetten, J., Haslam, S. A., Cruwys, T., & Branscombe, N. R. (2018). Social identity, stigma and health. In B. Major, J. F. Dovidio, & B. G. Link (Eds.), Oxford handbook of stigma, discrimination and health (pp. 301–316). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
62. Johnson, B. T., & Acabchuk, R. L. (2018). What are the keys to a longer, happier life? Answers from five decades of health psychology research. Social Science & Medicine, 196, 218–226. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.11.001
63. Johnson, B. T., Redding, C. A., DiClemente, R. J., Mustanski, B. S., Dodge, B., Sheeran, P., … Carey, M. P. (2010). A network-individual-resource model for HIV prevention. AIDS and Behavior, 14, 204–221. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-010-9803-z
64. Jones, R., & Wilsdon, J. (2018). The biomedical bubble: Why UK research and innovation needs a greater diversity of priorities, politics, places and people. London, UK: Nesta.
65. Karney, B. R., Hops, H., Redding, C. A., Reis, H. T., Rothman, A. J., & Simpson, J. A. (2010). A framework for incorporating dyads in models of HIV-prevention. AIDS and Behavior, 14, 189–203. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-010-9802-0
66. Ketturat, C., Frisch, J. U., Ullrich, J., Häusser, J. A., van Dick, R., & Mojzisch, A. (2016). Disaggregating within-and between-person effects of social identification on subjective and endocrinological stress reactions in a real-life stress situation. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 42, 147–160. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167215616804
67. Khan, S., Tarrant, M., & Farrow, C. (2016). Using social identity to promote health: The impact of group memberships on health in the context of obesity. In S. A. Buckingham, & D. Best (Eds.), Addiction, behavioural change and social identity (pp. 64–82). London: Routledge.
68. Lazarus, R. S. (1966). Psychological stress and the coping process. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
69. Lazarus, R. S., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal, and coping. New York: Springer.
70. Lehman, B. J., David, D. M., & Gruber, J. A. (2017). Rethinking the biopsychosocial model of health: Understanding health as a dynamic system. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 11(8), e12328. https://doi.org/10.1111/spc3.12328
71. Levine, M., & Thompson, K. (2004). Identity, place, and bystander intervention: Social categories and helping after natural disasters. The Journal of Social Psychology, 144, 229–245. https://doi.org/10.3200/SOCP.144.3.229-245
72. Levine, R. M., Prosser, A., Evans, D., & Reicher, S. D. (2005). Identity and emergency intervention: How social group membership and inclusiveness of group boundaries shapes helping behaviour. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 31, 443–453. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167204271651
73. Levine, R. M., & Reicher, S. D. (1996). Making sense of symptoms: Self-categorization and the meaning of illness and injury. British Journal of Social Psychology, 35, 245–256. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8309.1996.tb01095.x
74. Lim, M. H., Rodebaugh, T. L., Zyphur, M. J., & Gleeson, J. F. M. (2016). Loneliness over time: The crucial role of social anxiety. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 125, 620–630. https://doi.org/10.1037/abn0000162
75. Lyons, A. C., & Chamberlain, K. (2017). Critical health psychology. In B. Gough (Ed.), The Palgrave handbook of critical social psychology (pp. 533–555). London: Palgrave Macmillan.
76. Major, B., Quinton, W. J., & McCoy, S. K. (2002). Antecedents and consequences of attributions to discrimination: Theoretical and empirical advances. In M. P. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 34) (pp. 251–300). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
77. Marmot, M. (2015). The health gap: The challenge of an unequal world. London, UK: Bloomsbury.
78. Matheson, K., & Anisman, H. (2012). Biological and psychosocial responses to discrimination. In J. Jetten, C. Haslam, & S. A. Haslam (Eds.), The social cure: Identity, health and well-being (pp. 133–153). Hove, UK: Psychology Press.
79. Matheson, K., McQuaid, R. J., & Anisman, H. (2016). Group identity, discrimination, and well-being: Confluence of psychosocial and neurobiological factors. Current Opinion in Psychology, 11, 35–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2016.05.005
80. McGuire, M. T., & Raleigh, M. J. (1986). Behavioral and physiological correlates of ostracism. Ethology and Sociobiology, 7, 187–200. https://doi.org/10.1016/0162-3095(86)90047-6
81. McInerney, S. J. M. (2018). Introducing the biopsychosocial model for good medicine and good doctors. British Medical Journal, 324, 1533. doi: http://www.bmj.com/rapid-response/2011/10/29/introducing-biopsychosocial-model-good-medicine-and-good-doctors
82. McLaren, N. (1998). A critical review of the biopsychosocial model. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 32, 86–92. https://doi.org/10.3109/00048679809062712
83. McMahon, S. K., Lewis, B., Oakes, J. M., Wyman, J. F., Guan, W., & Rothman, A. J. (2017). Assessing the effects of interpersonal and intrapersonal behavior change strategies on physical activity in older adults: A factorial experiment. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 51, 376–390. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12160-016-9863-z
84. Muldoon, O. T., Acharya, K., Jay, S., Adhikari, K., Pettigrew, J., & Lowe, R. D. (2017). Community identity and collective efficacy: A social cure for traumatic stress in post-earthquake Nepal. European Journal of Social Psychology, 47, 904–915. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.2330
85. Muldoon, O. T., & Downes, C. (2007). Social identification and post-traumatic stress symptoms in post-conflict Northern Ireland. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 191, 146–149. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.106.022038
86. Oakes, P. J., Haslam, S. A., & Turner, J. C. (1994). Stereotyping and social reality. Oxford, UK: Blackwell.
87. Oberle, E., & Schonert-Reichl, K. A. (2016). Stress contagion in the classroom? The link between classroom teacher burnout and morning cortisol in elementary school students. Social Science & Medicine, 159, 30–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2016.04.031
88. Oyserman, D., Lewis, N. A. Jr., Yan, V. X., Fisher, O., O'Donnell, S. C., & Horowitz, E. (2017). An identity-based motivation framework for self-regulation. Psychological Inquiry, 28, 139–147. https://doi.org/10.1080/1047840X.2017.1337406
89. Penner, L. A., Blair, I. V., Albrecht, T. L., & Dovidio, J. F. (2014). Reducing racial health care disparities: A social psychological analysis. Policy Insights From the Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 1, 204–212. https://doi.org/10.1177/2372732214548430
90. Pepitone, A. (1981). Lessons from the history of social psychology. American Psychologist, 36, 972–985. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.36.9.97
91. Pilgrim, D. (2002). The biopsychosocial model in Anglo-American psychiatry: Past, present, and future? Journal of Mental Health, 11, 585–594. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638230020023930
92. Platow, M. J., Voudouris, N. J., Gilford, N., Jamieson, R., Najdovski, L., Papaleo, N., … Terry, L. (2007). In-group reassurance in a pain setting produces lower levels of physiological arousal: Direct support for a self-categorization analysis of social influence. European Journal of Social Psychology, 37, 649–660. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.381
93. Putnam, R. D. (2000). Bowling alone: The collapse and revival of American community. New York: Simon and Schuster.
94. Reicher, S. (2004). The context of social identity: Domination, resistance, and change. Political Psychology, 25, 921–945. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9221.2004.00403.x
95. Reicher, S. D., & Haslam, S. A. (2006). Rethinking the psychology of tyranny: The BBC Prison Study. British Journal of Social Psychology, 45, 1–40. https://doi.org/10.1348/014466605X48998
96. Reynolds, K. J., & Branscombe, N. R. (Eds.) (2005). Psychology of change: Life contexts, experience and identities (pp. 133–150). New York: Psychology Press.
97. Sani, F., Magrin, M. E., Scrignaro, M., & McCollum, R. (2010). Ingroup identification mediates the effects of subjective ingroup status on mental health. British Journal of Social Psychology, 49, 883–893. https://doi.org/10.1348/014466610X517414
98. Sapolsky, R. M. (2017). Behave: The biology of humans at our best and worst. New York, NY: Random House.
99. Selye, H. M. D. (1946). The general adaptation syndrome and the diseases of adaptation. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology, 6, 118–135. https://doi.org/10.1210/jcem-6-2-117
100. Selye, H. M. D. (1956). The stress of life. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
101. Steffens, N. K., Cruwys, T., Haslam, C., Jetten, J., & Haslam, S. A. (2016). Social group memberships in retirement are associated with reduced risk of premature death: Evidence from a longitudinal cohort study. BMJ Open, 6, e010164. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010164
102. Steffens, N. K., Haslam, S. A., Schuh, S., Jetten, J., & van Dick, R. (2017). A meta-analytic review of social identification and health in organizational contexts. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 21, 303–335. https://doi.org/10.1177/1088868316656701
103. Stewart, J. C., Rand, K. L., Muldoon, M. F., & Kamarck, T. W. (2009). A prospective evaluation of the directionality of the depression-inflammation relationship. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 23, 936–944. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2009.04.011
104. Suedfeld, P. (1997). The social psychology of “Invictus”: Conceptual and methodological approaches to indomitability. In C. McGarty, & S. A. Haslam (Eds.), The message of social psychology: Perspectives on mind in society (pp. 328–341). Oxford: Blackwell.
105. Suls, J., & Rothman, A. (2004). Evolution of the biopsychosocial model: Prospects and challenges for health psychology. Health Psychology, 23, 119–125. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-6133.23.2.119
106. Suls, J. M., Luger, T., & Martin, R. (2010). The biopsychosocial model and the use of theory in health psychology. In J. M. Suls, K. W. Davidson, & R. M. Kaplan (Eds.), Handbook of health psychology and behavioural medicine (pp. 15–27). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
107. Tajfel, H. (1972). La catégorisation sociale (English Trans.). In S. Moscovici (Ed.), Introduction à la psychologie sociale (Vol. 1) (pp. 272–302). Paris: Larousse.
108. Tajfel, H., & Turner, J. (1979). An integrative theory of intergroup conflict. In W. Austin, & S. Worchel (Eds.), The social psychology of intergroup relations. Brooks: California.
109. Tarrant, M., Haslam, C., Carter, M., Calitri, R., & Haslam, S. A. (in press). Social identity interventions. In M. S. Hagger, L. D. Cameron, K. Hamilton, N. Hankonen, & T. Lintunen (Eds.), Handbook of behavior change. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
110. Taylor, S. E., Repetti, R. L., & Seeman, T. (1997). Health psychology: What is an unhealthy environment and how does it get under the skin? Annual Review of Psychology, 48, 411–447. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.48.1.411
111. The Lancet (2018). UK life science research: Time to burst the biomedical bubble. The Lancet, 392, 187. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31609-X
112. Timmermans, S., & Tietbohl, C. (2017). Fifty years of sociological leadership at Social Science and Medicine. Social Science & Medicine, 196, 209–215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.11.007
113. Turner, J. C. (1982). Towards a redefinition of the social group. In H. Tajfel (Ed.), Social identity and intergroup relations (pp. 15–40). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
114. Turner, J. C. (1991). Social influence. Milton Keynes, UK: Open University Press.
115. Turner, J. C., Hogg, M. A., Oakes, P. J., Reicher, S. D., & Wetherell, M. S. (1987). Rediscovering the social group: A self-categorization theory. Oxford: Blackwell.
116. Turner, J. C., & Oakes, P. J. (1986). The significance of the social identity concept for social psychology with reference to individualism, interactionism, and social influence. British Journal of Social Psychology, 25, 237–252. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8309.1986.tb00732.x
117. Turner, J. C., Oakes, P. J., Haslam, S. A., & McGarty, C. A. (1994). Self and collective: Cognition and social context. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 20, 454–463. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167294205002
118. Wakefield, J. R. H., Sani, F., Herrera, M., & Zeybek, A. (2017). On the association between greater family identification and lower family ideation among non-clinical individuals: Evidence from Cypriot and Spanish students. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 36, 396–418. https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.2017.36.5.396
119. Wann, D. L., & Branscombe, N. R. (1990). Die hard and fair-weather fans: Effects of identification on BIRGing and CORFing tendencies. Journal of Sport & Social Issues, 14, 103–117. https://doi.org/10.1177/019372359001400203
120. Wilkinson, R., & Pickett, K. (2010). The spirit level: Why equality is better for everyone. London: Penguin Books.
121. Wilkinson, R. G., & Marmot, M. (Eds.) (2003). Social determinants of health: The solid facts. New York: World Health Organization.
122. Zeber, J. E., Copeland, L. A., Good, C. B., Fine, M. J., Bauer, M. S., & Kilbourne, A. M. (2008). Therapeutic alliance perceptions and medication adherence in patients with bipolar disorder. Journal of Affective Disorders, 107, 53–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2007.07.026
123. Zoller, H. M. (2005). Health activism: Communication theory and action for social change. Communication Theory, 15, 341–364. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2885.2005.tb00339.x