메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 33, Issue 7, 2013, Pages 846-861

The biomedical model of mental disorder: A critical analysis of its validity, utility, and effects on psychotherapy research

Author keywords

Biomedical model; Biopsychosocial model; Chemical imbalance; Disease; Psychotherapy; Treatment

Indexed keywords

OLANZAPINE; PERPHENAZINE; PSYCHOTROPIC AGENT; QUETIAPINE; RISPERIDONE; ZIPRASIDONE;

EID: 84883197540     PISSN: 02727358     EISSN: 18737811     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2012.09.007     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (342)

References (191)
  • 1
    • 33744549787 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toward a functional analytic approach to psychologically complex patients: A comment on Ruscio and Holohan
    • Abramowitz J.S. Toward a functional analytic approach to psychologically complex patients: A comment on Ruscio and Holohan. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice 2006, 13:163-166.
    • (2006) Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice , vol.13 , pp. 163-166
    • Abramowitz, J.S.1
  • 2
    • 0000136243 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Barriers to dissemination of evidence-based practices: Addressing practitioners concerns about manual-based psychotherapies
    • Addis M.E., Wade W.A., Hatgis C. Barriers to dissemination of evidence-based practices: Addressing practitioners concerns about manual-based psychotherapies. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice 1999, 6:430-441.
    • (1999) Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice , vol.6 , pp. 430-441
    • Addis, M.E.1    Wade, W.A.2    Hatgis, C.3
  • 4
    • 84883180680 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (Retrieved August 6, 2012, from
    • American College of Neuropsychopharmacology Public education committee's comment on commentary by John Krystal titled Marcia Angell and the illusions of anti-psychiatry 2012, July 31, (Retrieved August 6, 2012, fromhttp://www.acnp.org/comments.aspx?tid=184de4aa-7783-4cbd-8e37-eb5e4a01f70a&ttitle=Dr. Marcia Angell and the Illusions of Anti-Psychiatry&returnUrl=http%3a%2f%2fwww.acnp.org%2fresources%2farticlediscussionDetail.aspx%3fcid%3d66d1c1bf-7c40-4af9-b4f5-a3856fe1b5ba).
    • (2012) Public education committee's comment on commentary by John Krystal titled Marcia Angell and the illusions of anti-psychiatry
  • 6
    • 84870469320 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Author, Washington, DC, (text revision) American Psychiatric Association
    • American Psychiatric Association Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders 2000, Author, Washington, DC, (text revision). 4th ed.
    • (2000) Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders
  • 10
    • 84883165718 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Retrieved June 25, 2012, from American Psychiatric Association
    • American Psychiatric Association APA responds to Tom Cruise's anti-psychiatry remarks Retrieved June 25, 2012, from. http://www.nami.org/Template.cfm?Section=June4&Template=/ContentManagement/ContentDisplay.cfm&ContentID=24249.
    • APA responds to Tom Cruise's anti-psychiatry remarks
  • 11
    • 84883197857 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Retrieved March 6, 2012, from American Psychiatric Association
    • American Psychiatric Association "60 Minutes" segment on antidepressants "irresponsible and dangerous" Retrieved March 6, 2012, from. http://www.psychiatry.org/advocacy--newsroom/news-releases/news-releases.
    • "60 Minutes" segment on antidepressants "irresponsible and dangerous"
  • 12
    • 84863450250 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • American Psychiatric Association
    • (n.d.). DSM-5: The future of psychiatric diagnosis. Retrieved February 18
    • American Psychiatric Association. (n.d.). DSM-5: The future of psychiatric diagnosis. Retrieved February 18, 2012, from http://www.dsm5.org/Pages/Default.aspx.
    • (2012)
  • 17
    • 0346859858 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antidepressants: A triumph of marketing over science?
    • (no. 25. Retrieved February 18, 2012, from
    • Antonuccio D.O., Burns D.M., Danton W.G. Antidepressants: A triumph of marketing over science?. Prevention and Treatment 2002, 5. (no. 25. Retrieved February 18, 2012, fromhttp://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=89589bd0-1a0a-40f5-a899-d809b70cefbf%40sessionmgr10&vid=4&hid=113).
    • (2002) Prevention and Treatment , vol.5
    • Antonuccio, D.O.1    Burns, D.M.2    Danton, W.G.3
  • 18
    • 0346991516 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychology in the prescription era: Building a firewall between marketing and science
    • Antonuccio D.O., Danton W.G., McClanahan T.M. Psychology in the prescription era: Building a firewall between marketing and science. American Psychologist 2003, 58:1028-1043.
    • (2003) American Psychologist , vol.58 , pp. 1028-1043
    • Antonuccio, D.O.1    Danton, W.G.2    McClanahan, T.M.3
  • 19
    • 0036785417 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The use of acceptance and commitment therapy to prevent the rehospitalization of psychotic patients: A randomized controlled trial
    • Bach P., Hayes S.C. The use of acceptance and commitment therapy to prevent the rehospitalization of psychotic patients: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 2002, 70:1129-1139.
    • (2002) Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , vol.70 , pp. 1129-1139
    • Bach, P.1    Hayes, S.C.2
  • 21
    • 10844245565 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychological treatments
    • Barlow D.H. Psychological treatments. American Psychologist 2004, 59:869-878.
    • (2004) American Psychologist , vol.59 , pp. 869-878
    • Barlow, D.H.1
  • 22
    • 3042589124 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toward a unified treatment for emotional disorders
    • Barlow D.H., Allen L.B., Choate M.L. Toward a unified treatment for emotional disorders. Behavior Therapy 2004, 35:205-230.
    • (2004) Behavior Therapy , vol.35 , pp. 205-230
    • Barlow, D.H.1    Allen, L.B.2    Choate, M.L.3
  • 24
    • 0034679102 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognitive-behavioral therapy, imipramine, or their combination for panic disorder: A randomized controlled trial
    • Barlow D.H., Gorman J.M., Shear M.K., Woods S.W. Cognitive-behavioral therapy, imipramine, or their combination for panic disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of the American Medical Association 2000, 283:2529-2536.
    • (2000) Journal of the American Medical Association , vol.283 , pp. 2529-2536
    • Barlow, D.H.1    Gorman, J.M.2    Shear, M.K.3    Woods, S.W.4
  • 25
    • 84883185543 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Newsweek, (Retrieved February 18, 2012, from
    • Begley S. The depressing news about antidepressants [Electronic version] 2010, January 28, Newsweek, (Retrieved February 18, 2012, fromhttp://www.thedailybeast.com/newsweek/2010/01/28/the-depressing-news-about-antidepressants.html).
    • (2010) The depressing news about antidepressants [Electronic version]
    • Begley, S.1
  • 26
    • 10144248983 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychotherapy research: "Horse race" versus process
    • Beitman B.D. Psychotherapy research: "Horse race" versus process. Journal of Psychiatric Practice 2004, 10:386-388.
    • (2004) Journal of Psychiatric Practice , vol.10 , pp. 386-388
    • Beitman, B.D.1
  • 27
    • 84883507094 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National Broadcasting Company, New York, (Executive Producer)
    • Bell J. The Today Show [Television broadcast] 2005, June 27, National Broadcasting Company, New York, (Executive Producer).
    • (2005) The Today Show [Television broadcast]
    • Bell, J.1
  • 28
    • 84883507094 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National Broadcasting Company, New York, (Executive Producer)
    • Bell J. The Today Show [Television broadcast] 2005, June 24, National Broadcasting Company, New York, (Executive Producer).
    • (2005) The Today Show [Television broadcast]
    • Bell, J.1
  • 29
    • 0037398776 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of acute psychosis without neuroleptics: Two-year outcomes from the Soteria Project
    • Bola J.R., Mosher L.R. Treatment of acute psychosis without neuroleptics: Two-year outcomes from the Soteria Project. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 2003, 191:219-229.
    • (2003) The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease , vol.191 , pp. 219-229
    • Bola, J.R.1    Mosher, L.R.2
  • 30
    • 84883136409 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Retrieved June 27, 2012, from 1 Boring Old Man
    • 1 Boring Old Man Not a toy. . Retrieved June 27, 2012, from. http://1boringoldman.com/index.php/2012/06/09/not-a-toy/.
    • Not a toy. .
  • 31
    • 78651056017 scopus 로고
    • Perphenazine: Observations on the clinical effects of a new tranquillizing agent in psychotic conditions
    • Cahn C.H., Lehmann H.E. Perphenazine: Observations on the clinical effects of a new tranquillizing agent in psychotic conditions. Canadian Psychiatric Association Journal 1957, 2:104-112.
    • (1957) Canadian Psychiatric Association Journal , vol.2 , pp. 104-112
    • Cahn, C.H.1    Lehmann, H.E.2
  • 33
    • 0037624040 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of life stress on depression: Moderation by a polymorphism in the 5-HTT gene
    • Caspi A., Sugden K., Moffitt T.E., Taylor A., Craig I.W., Harrington H., et al. Influence of life stress on depression: Moderation by a polymorphism in the 5-HTT gene. Science 2003, 301:386-389.
    • (2003) Science , vol.301 , pp. 386-389
    • Caspi, A.1    Sugden, K.2    Moffitt, T.E.3    Taylor, A.4    Craig, I.W.5    Harrington, H.6
  • 34
    • 20744443959 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxford University Press, New York, L.G. Castonguay, L.E. Beutler (Eds.)
    • Principles of therapeutic change that work 2006, Oxford University Press, New York. L.G. Castonguay, L.E. Beutler (Eds.).
    • (2006) Principles of therapeutic change that work
  • 36
    • 0035221583 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Empirically supported psychological interventions: Controversies and evidence
    • Chambless D.L., Ollendick T.H. Empirically supported psychological interventions: Controversies and evidence. Annual Review of Psychology 2011, 52:685-716.
    • (2011) Annual Review of Psychology , vol.52 , pp. 685-716
    • Chambless, D.L.1    Ollendick, T.H.2
  • 37
    • 84883190254 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Children & Adults with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (n.d.). Understanding ADHD. Retrieved February 18, from
    • Children & Adults with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (n.d.). Understanding ADHD. Retrieved February 18, 2012, from http://www.chadd.org/AM/Template.cfm?Section=Understanding.
    • (2012)
  • 38
    • 0033027356 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anxiety disorders: Why they persist and how to treat them
    • Clark D.M. Anxiety disorders: Why they persist and how to treat them. Behaviour Research and Therapy 1999, 37:S5-S27.
    • (1999) Behaviour Research and Therapy , vol.37
    • Clark, D.M.1
  • 39
    • 12644279767 scopus 로고
    • Therapeutic efficacy of antidepressant drugs: A review
    • Cole J.O. Therapeutic efficacy of antidepressant drugs: A review. Journal of the American Medical Association 1964, 190:448-455.
    • (1964) Journal of the American Medical Association , vol.190 , pp. 448-455
    • Cole, J.O.1
  • 41
    • 84883171799 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Retrieved June 25, 2012, from
    • Davis D. Losing the mind. Los Angeles Times Retrieved June 25, 2012, from. http://articles.latimes.com/2003/oct/26/magazine/tm-survivors43.
    • Losing the mind. Los Angeles Times
    • Davis, D.1
  • 42
    • 67650704874 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The chemical imbalance explanation of depression: Reducing blame at what cost?
    • Deacon B.J., Baird G. The chemical imbalance explanation of depression: Reducing blame at what cost?. Journal of Clinical and Social Psychology 2009, 28:415-435.
    • (2009) Journal of Clinical and Social Psychology , vol.28 , pp. 415-435
    • Deacon, B.J.1    Baird, G.2
  • 43
    • 77954590792 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the brain disease model of mental disorders
    • Deacon B.J., Lickel J.J. On the brain disease model of mental disorders. The Behavior Therapist 2009, 32:113-118.
    • (2009) The Behavior Therapist , vol.32 , pp. 113-118
    • Deacon, B.J.1    Lickel, J.J.2
  • 44
    • 84871061923 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Retrieved February 18, 2012, from Depression and Bipolar Support Alliance
    • Depression and Bipolar Support Alliance Depression Retrieved February 18, 2012, from. http://www.dbsalliance.org/site/PageServer?pagename=about_depression_overview.
    • Depression
  • 45
    • 0008518512 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing: A chronology of its development and scientific standing
    • Devilly G.J. Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing: A chronology of its development and scientific standing. The Scientific Review of Mental Health Practice 2002, 1:113-138.
    • (2002) The Scientific Review of Mental Health Practice , vol.1 , pp. 113-138
    • Devilly, G.J.1
  • 46
    • 84883158402 scopus 로고
    • One flew over the cuckoo's nest [Motion picture]. United States: United Artists.
    • Douglas, M., & Zaentz, S. (Producers), & Forman, M. (1975). One flew over the cuckoo's nest [Motion picture]. United States: United Artists.
    • (1975)
    • Douglas, M.1    Zaentz, S.2    Forman, M.3
  • 48
    • 0002062934 scopus 로고
    • The NIMH Treatment of Depression Collaborative Research Program: Where we began and where we are
    • Wiley, New York, A.E. Bergin, S.L. Garfield (Eds.)
    • Elkin I. The NIMH Treatment of Depression Collaborative Research Program: Where we began and where we are. Handbook of psychotherapy and behavior change 1994, Wiley, New York. A.E. Bergin, S.L. Garfield (Eds.).
    • (1994) Handbook of psychotherapy and behavior change
    • Elkin, I.1
  • 49
    • 79955719186 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tardive dysphoria: The role of long term antidepressant use in inducing chronic depression
    • El-Mallakh R.S., Gao Y., Roberts R.J. Tardive dysphoria: The role of long term antidepressant use in inducing chronic depression. Medical Hypotheses 2011, 76:769-773.
    • (2011) Medical Hypotheses , vol.76 , pp. 769-773
    • El-Mallakh, R.S.1    Gao, Y.2    Roberts, R.J.3
  • 50
    • 0017576627 scopus 로고
    • The need for a new medical model: a challenge for biomedicine
    • Engel G.L. The need for a new medical model: a challenge for biomedicine. Science 1977, 196:129-136.
    • (1977) Science , vol.196 , pp. 129-136
    • Engel, G.L.1
  • 51
    • 0037403826 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognitive behaviour therapy for eating disorders: A "transdiagnostic" theory and treatment
    • Fairburn C.G., Cooper Z., Shafran R. Cognitive behaviour therapy for eating disorders: A "transdiagnostic" theory and treatment. Behaviour Research and Therapy 2003, 41:509-528.
    • (2003) Behaviour Research and Therapy , vol.41 , pp. 509-528
    • Fairburn, C.G.1    Cooper, Z.2    Shafran, R.3
  • 52
    • 84883142526 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Retrieved February 18, 2012, from Families Empowered and Supporting Treatment of Eating Disorders
    • Families Empowered and Supporting Treatment of Eating Disorders The role of environment Retrieved February 18, 2012, from. http://www.feast-ed.org/TheFacts/CausesofEatingDisorders/Theroleofenvironment.aspx.
    • The role of environment
  • 53
    • 0037330153 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Can long-term treatment with antidepressant drugs worsen the course of depression?
    • Fava G.A. Can long-term treatment with antidepressant drugs worsen the course of depression?. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 2003, 64:123-133.
    • (2003) The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry , vol.64 , pp. 123-133
    • Fava, G.A.1
  • 55
    • 84871909017 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychiatry, the pharmaceutical industry, and the road to better therapeutics
    • Fibiger H.C. Psychiatry, the pharmaceutical industry, and the road to better therapeutics. Schizophrenia Bulletin 2012, 38:649-650.
    • (2012) Schizophrenia Bulletin , vol.38 , pp. 649-650
    • Fibiger, H.C.1
  • 56
    • 77954576521 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A research agenda for DSM-V: Summary of the white papers
    • First M.B. A research agenda for DSM-V: Summary of the white papers. Psychiatric Research Report 2002, 18:10-13.
    • (2002) Psychiatric Research Report , vol.18 , pp. 10-13
    • First, M.B.1
  • 57
    • 19944426181 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomized, placebo-controlled trial of exposure and ritual prevention, cmomipramine, and their combination in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder
    • Foa E.B., Liebowitz M.R., Kozak M.J., Davies S., Campeas R., Franklin M.E., et al. Randomized, placebo-controlled trial of exposure and ritual prevention, cmomipramine, and their combination in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. The American Journal of Psychiatry 2005, 162:151-161.
    • (2005) The American Journal of Psychiatry , vol.162 , pp. 151-161
    • Foa, E.B.1    Liebowitz, M.R.2    Kozak, M.J.3    Davies, S.4    Campeas, R.5    Franklin, M.E.6
  • 59
    • 34548832576 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The "chemical imbalance" explanation for depression: Origins, lay endorsement, and clinical implications
    • France C.M., Lysaker P.H., Robinson R.P. The "chemical imbalance" explanation for depression: Origins, lay endorsement, and clinical implications. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice 2007, 38:411-420.
    • (2007) Professional Psychology: Research and Practice , vol.38 , pp. 411-420
    • France, C.M.1    Lysaker, P.H.2    Robinson, R.P.3
  • 60
    • 69949118903 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A warning sign on the road to DSM-V: Beware of its unintended consequences [Electronic version]
    • (Retrieved February 18, 2012, from
    • Frances A. A warning sign on the road to DSM-V: Beware of its unintended consequences [Electronic version]. Psychiatric News 2009, June 26, (Retrieved February 18, 2012, fromhttp://www.psychiatrictimes.com/dsm-5/content/article/10168/1425378).
    • (2009) Psychiatric News
    • Frances, A.1
  • 62
    • 84861489689 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychiatric diagnosis: Lessons from the DSM-IV past and cautions for the future
    • Frances A., Widiger T. Psychiatric diagnosis: Lessons from the DSM-IV past and cautions for the future. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology 2012, 8:109-130.
    • (2012) Annual Review of Clinical Psychology , vol.8 , pp. 109-130
    • Frances, A.1    Widiger, T.2
  • 66
    • 34848825616 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trauma professionals' attitudes toward and utilization of evidence-based practices
    • Gray M.J., Elhai J.D., Schmidt L.O. Trauma professionals' attitudes toward and utilization of evidence-based practices. Behavior Modification 2007, 31:732-748.
    • (2007) Behavior Modification , vol.31 , pp. 732-748
    • Gray, M.J.1    Elhai, J.D.2    Schmidt, L.O.3
  • 67
    • 34248545798 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factors involved in outcome and recovery in schizophrenia patients not on antipsychotic medications: A 15-year multifollow-up study
    • Harrow M., Jobe T.H. Factors involved in outcome and recovery in schizophrenia patients not on antipsychotic medications: A 15-year multifollow-up study. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 2007, 195:406-414.
    • (2007) The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease , vol.195 , pp. 406-414
    • Harrow, M.1    Jobe, T.H.2
  • 69
    • 80052216120 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic essentialism, neuroessentialism, and stigma: Commentary on Dar-Nimrod and Heine (2011)
    • Haslam N. Genetic essentialism, neuroessentialism, and stigma: Commentary on Dar-Nimrod and Heine (2011). Psychological Bulletin 2011, 137:819-824.
    • (2011) Psychological Bulletin , vol.137 , pp. 819-824
    • Haslam, N.1
  • 72
    • 0004243339 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA
    • Healy D. The anti-depressant era 1997, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA.
    • (1997) The anti-depressant era
    • Healy, D.1
  • 73
    • 84862165832 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles, CA
    • Healy D. Pharmageddon 2012, University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles, CA.
    • (2012) Pharmageddon
    • Healy, D.1
  • 75
    • 77952909945 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The diagnosis of mental disorders: The problem of reification
    • Hyman S.E. The diagnosis of mental disorders: The problem of reification. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology 2010, 6:155-179.
    • (2010) Annual Review of Clinical Psychology , vol.6 , pp. 155-179
    • Hyman, S.E.1
  • 76
    • 84883163377 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Retrieved February 18, 2012, from IMS Institute for Healthcare Informatics
    • IMS Institute for Healthcare Informatics Top therapeutic classes by U.S. spending Retrieved February 18, 2012, from. http://www.imshealth.com/deployedfiles/ims/Global/Content/Corporate/Press%20Room/Top-Line%20Market%20Data%20&%20Trends/2011%20Top-line%20Market%20Data/Top_Therapy_Classes_by_Sales.pdf.
    • Top therapeutic classes by U.S. spending
  • 77
    • 84883195599 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IMS Institute for Healthcare Informatics (n.d.). Total US promotional spend by type, 2010. Retrieved June 13
    • IMS Institute for Healthcare Informatics (n.d.). Total US promotional spend by type, 2010. Retrieved June 13, 2012, from http://www.imshealth.com/ims/Global/Content/Corporate/Press%20Room/Top-line%20Market%20Data/2010%20Top-line%20Market%20Data/2010_Promotional_Data.pdf.
    • (2012)
  • 79
    • 34547870127 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroscience: Shining light on depression
    • Insel T.R. Neuroscience: Shining light on depression. Science 2007, 317:757-758.
    • (2007) Science , vol.317 , pp. 757-758
    • Insel, T.R.1
  • 80
    • 59649109483 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Translating scientific opportunity into public health impact: A strategic plan for research on mental illness
    • Insel T.R. Translating scientific opportunity into public health impact: A strategic plan for research on mental illness. Archives of General Psychiatry 2009, 66:128-133.
    • (2009) Archives of General Psychiatry , vol.66 , pp. 128-133
    • Insel, T.R.1
  • 81
  • 83
    • 84883181829 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Retrieved June 25, 2012, from
    • Insel T.R. Experimental medicine Retrieved June 25, 2012, from. http://www.nimh.nih.gov/about/director/2012/experimental-medicine.shtml.
    • Experimental medicine
    • Insel, T.R.1
  • 84
    • 84883137156 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Retrieved February 2, 2013, from
    • Insel T.R. The top ten research advances of 2012 Retrieved February 2, 2013, from. http://www.nimh.nih.gov/about/director/2012/the-top-ten-research-advances-of-2012.shtml.
    • The top ten research advances of 2012
    • Insel, T.R.1
  • 85
    • 84883165046 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (n.d.). Psychiatry as a clinical neuroscience discipline [Electronic version]. Retrieved February 18, from
    • Insel, T. R., & Quirion, R. (n.d.). Psychiatry as a clinical neuroscience discipline [Electronic version]. Retrieved February 18, 2012, from. http://www.nimh.nih.gov/about/director/publications/psychiatry-as-a-clinical-neuroscience-discipline.shtml.
    • (2012)
    • Insel, T.R.1    Quirion, R.2
  • 87
    • 33748206715 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National surveys of mental disorders: Are they researching scientific facts or constructing useful myths?
    • Jorm A.F. National surveys of mental disorders: Are they researching scientific facts or constructing useful myths?. The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 2006, 40:830-834.
    • (2006) The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry , vol.40 , pp. 830-834
    • Jorm, A.F.1
  • 88
    • 14844282842 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toward a philosophical structure for psychiatry
    • Kendler K.S. Toward a philosophical structure for psychiatry. The American Journal of Psychiatry 2005, 162:433-440.
    • (2005) The American Journal of Psychiatry , vol.162 , pp. 433-440
    • Kendler, K.S.1
  • 89
    • 84855359174 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Levels of explanation in psychiatric and substance use disorders: Implications for the development of an empirically based nosology
    • Kendler K.S. Levels of explanation in psychiatric and substance use disorders: Implications for the development of an empirically based nosology. Molecular Psychiatry 2012, 17:11-21.
    • (2012) Molecular Psychiatry , vol.17 , pp. 11-21
    • Kendler, K.S.1
  • 90
    • 82655174827 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia: An historical and philosophical analysis
    • Kendler K.S., Schaffner K.F. The dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia: An historical and philosophical analysis. Philosophy in Psychiatry and Psychology 2011, 18:41-63.
    • (2011) Philosophy in Psychiatry and Psychology , vol.18 , pp. 41-63
    • Kendler, K.S.1    Schaffner, K.F.2
  • 91
    • 20344374645 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence, severity, and comorbidity of twelve-month DSM-IV disorders in the national comorbidity survey replication (NCS-R)
    • Kessler R.C., Chiu W.T., Demler O., Walters E.E. Prevalence, severity, and comorbidity of twelve-month DSM-IV disorders in the national comorbidity survey replication (NCS-R). Archives of General Psychiatry 2005, 62:617-627.
    • (2005) Archives of General Psychiatry , vol.62 , pp. 617-627
    • Kessler, R.C.1    Chiu, W.T.2    Demler, O.3    Walters, E.E.4
  • 100
    • 29644436010 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serotonin and depression: A disconnect between the advertisements and the scientific literature
    • Lacasse J., Leo J. Serotonin and depression: A disconnect between the advertisements and the scientific literature. PLoS Medicine 2005, 2:1211-1216.
    • (2005) PLoS Medicine , vol.2 , pp. 1211-1216
    • Lacasse, J.1    Leo, J.2
  • 102
    • 34247556336 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An experimental investigation of the impact of biological and psychological causal explanations on anxious and depressed patients' perception of a person with panic disorder
    • Lam D.C.K., Salkovskis P.M. An experimental investigation of the impact of biological and psychological causal explanations on anxious and depressed patients' perception of a person with panic disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy 2006, 45:405-411.
    • (2006) Behaviour Research and Therapy , vol.45 , pp. 405-411
    • Lam, D.C.K.1    Salkovskis, P.M.2
  • 103
    • 78649632841 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolving role of MeCP2 in Rett syndrome and autism
    • Lasalle J.M., Yasui D.H. Evolving role of MeCP2 in Rett syndrome and autism. Epigenomics 2009, 1:119-130.
    • (2009) Epigenomics , vol.1 , pp. 119-130
    • Lasalle, J.M.1    Yasui, D.H.2
  • 104
    • 84883146881 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biological bias in National Institute of Mental Health consumer brochures for psychological disorders
    • Leffingwell T.R., Claborn K. Biological bias in National Institute of Mental Health consumer brochures for psychological disorders. Clinical Psychologist 2010, 63:5-9.
    • (2010) Clinical Psychologist , vol.63 , pp. 5-9
    • Leffingwell, T.R.1    Claborn, K.2
  • 105
    • 45549086754 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The media and the chemical imbalance theory of depression
    • Leo J., Lacasse J.R. The media and the chemical imbalance theory of depression. Society 2008, 45:35-45.
    • (2008) Society , vol.45 , pp. 35-45
    • Leo, J.1    Lacasse, J.R.2
  • 107
    • 2442702520 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The empirically validated treatments movement: A practitioner/educator perspective
    • Levant R.F. The empirically validated treatments movement: A practitioner/educator perspective. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice 2004, 11:219-224.
    • (2004) Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice , vol.11 , pp. 219-224
    • Levant, R.F.1
  • 109
    • 34247259595 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognitive neuroscience and depression: Legitimate versus illegitimate reductionism and five challenges
    • Lilienfeld S.O. Cognitive neuroscience and depression: Legitimate versus illegitimate reductionism and five challenges. Cognitive Therapy and Research 2007, 31:263-272.
    • (2007) Cognitive Therapy and Research , vol.31 , pp. 263-272
    • Lilienfeld, S.O.1
  • 110
    • 84883175725 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Retrieved February 18, 2012, from
    • Mayo Clinic Depression (major depression Retrieved February 18, 2012, from. http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/antidepressants/MM00660.
    • Depression (major depression
    • Mayo Clinic1
  • 111
    • 76749083727 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The dissemination and implementation of evidence-based psychological treatments
    • McHugh R.K., Barlow D.H. The dissemination and implementation of evidence-based psychological treatments. American Psychologist 2010, 65:73-84.
    • (2010) American Psychologist , vol.65 , pp. 73-84
    • McHugh, R.K.1    Barlow, D.H.2
  • 114
    • 79955000990 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mistreating psychology in the decade of the brain
    • Miller G.A. Mistreating psychology in the decade of the brain. Perspectives on Psychological Science 2010, 5:716-743.
    • (2010) Perspectives on Psychological Science , vol.5 , pp. 716-743
    • Miller, G.A.1
  • 115
    • 84883205037 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Retrieved June 29, from MindFreedom
    • MindFreedom Original statement by the Fast for Freedom in Mental Health Retrieved June 29, 2012, from. http://www.mindfreedom.org/kb/act/2003/mf-hunger-strike/hunger-strike-debate/fast-for-freedom-statement.
    • (2012) Original statement by the Fast for Freedom in Mental Health
  • 117
    • 73649097613 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National trends in psychotropic medication polypharmacy in office-based psychiatry
    • Mojtabai R., Olfson M. National trends in psychotropic medication polypharmacy in office-based psychiatry. Archives of General Psychiatry 2010, 67:26-36.
    • (2010) Archives of General Psychiatry , vol.67 , pp. 26-36
    • Mojtabai, R.1    Olfson, M.2
  • 120
    • 33746416661 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do antidepressants create or cure abnormal brain states?
    • Moncrieff J., Cohen D. Do antidepressants create or cure abnormal brain states?. PLoS Medicine 2006, 3:961-965.
    • (2006) PLoS Medicine , vol.3 , pp. 961-965
    • Moncrieff, J.1    Cohen, D.2
  • 124
    • 84883164539 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National Alliance on Mental Illness (n.d., a). Transforming mental health care in America. Retrieved February 18, from.
    • National Alliance on Mental Illness (n.d., a). Transforming mental health care in America. Retrieved February 18, 2012, from. http://www.nami.org/Template.cfm?section=Mind_of_America_Foundation.
    • (2012)
  • 125
    • 84883189595 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National Alliance on Mental Illness (n.d., b). What is mental illness: Mental illness facts. Retrieved February 18, from.
    • National Alliance on Mental Illness (n.d., b). What is mental illness: Mental illness facts. Retrieved February 18, 2012, from. http://www.nami.org/Content/NavigationMenu/Inform_Yourself/About_Mental_Illness/About_Mental_Illness.htm.
    • (2012)
  • 126
    • 84883169751 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National Alliance on Mental Illness (n.d., c). Obsessive-compulsive disorder. Retrieved February 18, from.
    • National Alliance on Mental Illness (n.d., c). Obsessive-compulsive disorder. Retrieved February 18, 2012, from. http://www.nami.org/Template.cfm?Section=By_Illness&Template=/TaggedPage/TaggedPageDisplay.cfm&TPLID=54&ContentID=23035.
    • (2012)
  • 127
    • 84883167277 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • [Brochure], Author, Washington, DC, (Retrieved December 9, 2009, from National Institute of Mental Health
    • National Institute of Mental Health When unwanted thoughts take over: Obsessive-compulsive disorder 2009, [Brochure], Author, Washington, DC, (Retrieved December 9, 2009, fromhttp://www.nimh.gov/health/publications/when-unwanted-thoughts-take-over-obsessive-com;pulsive-disorder/complete.pdf).
    • (2009) When unwanted thoughts take over: Obsessive-compulsive disorder
  • 128
    • 84883168138 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • [Brochure], Author, Washington, DC, (Retrieved February 18, 2012, from National Institute of Mental Health
    • National Institute of Mental Health When unwanted thoughts take over: Obsessive-compulsive disorder 2010, [Brochure], Author, Washington, DC, (Retrieved February 18, 2012, from
    • (2010) When unwanted thoughts take over: Obsessive-compulsive disorder
  • 129
    • 84871710995 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Author, Washington, DC, (Retrieved July 31, 2012, from National Institute of Mental Health
    • National Institute of Mental Health Mental health medications (NIH Pub No. 12-3929) 2012, Author, Washington, DC, (Retrieved July 31, 2012, fromhttp://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/mental-health-medications/nimh-mental-health-medications.pdf).
    • (2012) Mental health medications (NIH Pub No. 12-3929)
  • 130
    • 54849426940 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Retrieved February 18, 2012, from National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism
    • National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism FAQs for the general public Retrieved February 18, 2012, from. http://www.niaaa.nih.gov/FAQs/General-English/Pages/default.aspx#disease.
    • FAQs for the general public
  • 131
    • 38849091690 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Author, Washington, DC, (Retrieved February 18, 2012, from National Institute on Drug Abuse
    • National Institute on Drug Abuse Drugs, brains, and behavior: The science of addiction (NIH Pub No. 10-5605) 2010, Author, Washington, DC, (Retrieved February 18, 2012, fromhttps://www.drugabuse.gov/sites/default/files/sciofaddiction.pdf).
    • (2010) Drugs, brains, and behavior: The science of addiction (NIH Pub No. 10-5605)
  • 132
    • 44349151445 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A meta-analysis of D-cycloserine and the facilitation of fear extinction and exposure therapy
    • Norberg M.M., Krystal J.H., Tolin D.F. A meta-analysis of D-cycloserine and the facilitation of fear extinction and exposure therapy. Biological Psychiatry 2008, 63:1118-1126.
    • (2008) Biological Psychiatry , vol.63 , pp. 1118-1126
    • Norberg, M.M.1    Krystal, J.H.2    Tolin, D.F.3
  • 134
    • 33744907790 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National trends in the outpatient treatment of children and adolescents with antipsychotic drugs
    • Olfson M., Blanco C., Liu L., Moreno C., Laje G. National trends in the outpatient treatment of children and adolescents with antipsychotic drugs. Archives of General Psychiatry 2006, 63:679-685.
    • (2006) Archives of General Psychiatry , vol.63 , pp. 679-685
    • Olfson, M.1    Blanco, C.2    Liu, L.3    Moreno, C.4    Laje, G.5
  • 136
    • 84883187200 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Open Letter to the DSM-5 (n.d.). Retrieved February 4, from
    • Open Letter to the DSM-5 (n.d.). Retrieved February 4, 2013, from. http://www.ipetitions.com/petition/dsm5/.
    • (2013)
  • 137
    • 84883155256 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Retrieved February 18, 2012, from Otsuka-America Pharmaceuticals
    • Otsuka-America Pharmaceuticals Abilify advertisement Retrieved February 18, 2012, from. http://books.google.com/books?id=ecoDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA133&lpg=PA133&dq=%22When+activity+of+key+brain+chemicals+is+too+high,+Abilify+lowers+it.+When+activity+of+key+brain+chemicals+is+too+low,+Abilify+raises+it%22&source=bl&ots=djCtDQ9wPk&sig=mTSm8gM1vgQSfvTj4ZeKbkZJIcs&hl=en&sa=X&ei=6C5AT6mzJ4iU2wXezKGaCA&ved=0CDMQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=%22When%20activity%20of%20key%20brain%20chemicals%20is%20too%20high%2C%20Abilify%20lowers%20it.%20When%20activity%20of%20key%20brain%20chemicals%20is%20too%20low%2C%20Abilify%20raises%20it%22&f=false.
    • Abilify advertisement
  • 138
    • 0030479214 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maintenance of remission following cognitive-behavior therapy for panic disorder: Possible deleterious effects of concurrent medication treatment
    • Otto M.W., Pollack M.H., Sabatino S.A. Maintenance of remission following cognitive-behavior therapy for panic disorder: Possible deleterious effects of concurrent medication treatment. Behavior Therapy 1996, 27:473-482.
    • (1996) Behavior Therapy , vol.27 , pp. 473-482
    • Otto, M.W.1    Pollack, M.H.2    Sabatino, S.A.3
  • 139
    • 14844332872 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wiley-Liss, Hoboken, NJ, J. Panksepp (Ed.)
    • Textbook of biological psychiatry 2004, Wiley-Liss, Hoboken, NJ. J. Panksepp (Ed.).
    • (2004) Textbook of biological psychiatry
  • 140
    • 84884211485 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of a multi-assay, serum-based biological diagnostic test for major depressive disorder: A pilot and replication study
    • Papakostas G.I., Shelton R.C., Kinrys G., Henry M.E., Bakow B.R., Pi B., et al. Assessment of a multi-assay, serum-based biological diagnostic test for major depressive disorder: A pilot and replication study. Molecular Psychiatry 2013, 18:332-339.
    • (2013) Molecular Psychiatry , vol.18 , pp. 332-339
    • Papakostas, G.I.1    Shelton, R.C.2    Kinrys, G.3    Henry, M.E.4    Bakow, B.R.5    Pi, B.6
  • 141
    • 6944229468 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognitive-behavior therapy, sertraline, and their combination for children and adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder: The Pediatric OCD Treatment Study (POTS) randomized controlled trial
    • Pediatric OCD Treatment Study (POTS) Team
    • Pediatric OCD Treatment Study (POTS) Team Cognitive-behavior therapy, sertraline, and their combination for children and adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder: The Pediatric OCD Treatment Study (POTS) randomized controlled trial. Journal of the American Medical Association 2004, 292:1969-1976.
    • (2004) Journal of the American Medical Association , vol.292 , pp. 1969-1976
  • 142
    • 0019603651 scopus 로고
    • Reductionism in the psychology of the eighties: Can biochemistry eliminate addiction, mental illness, and pain?
    • Peele S. Reductionism in the psychology of the eighties: Can biochemistry eliminate addiction, mental illness, and pain?. American Psychologist 1981, 36:807-818.
    • (1981) American Psychologist , vol.36 , pp. 807-818
    • Peele, S.1
  • 146
    • 33644845814 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Geneticization of deviant behavior and consequences for stigma: The case of mental illness
    • Phelan J.C. Geneticization of deviant behavior and consequences for stigma: The case of mental illness. Journal of Health and Social Behavior 2005, 46:307-322.
    • (2005) Journal of Health and Social Behavior , vol.46 , pp. 307-322
    • Phelan, J.C.1
  • 147
    • 84862175960 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychiatry's new brain-mind and the legend of the "chemical imbalance" [Electronic version]
    • (Retrieved February 18, 2012, from
    • Pies R. Psychiatry's new brain-mind and the legend of the "chemical imbalance" [Electronic version]. Psychiatric News 2011, July 11, (Retrieved February 18, 2012, fromhttp://www.psychiatrictimes.com/blog/couchincrisis/content/article/10168/1902106).
    • (2011) Psychiatric News
    • Pies, R.1
  • 149
    • 79953297670 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of corporate and political interests on models of illness in the evolution of the DSM
    • Pilecki B.C., Clegg J.W., McKay D. The influence of corporate and political interests on models of illness in the evolution of the DSM. European Psychiatry 2011, 26:194-200.
    • (2011) European Psychiatry , vol.26 , pp. 194-200
    • Pilecki, B.C.1    Clegg, J.W.2    McKay, D.3
  • 150
    • 84866772367 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antidepressant use in persons aged 12 and over: United States, 2005-2008
    • National Center for Health Statistics, Hyattsville, MD
    • Pratt L.A., Brody D.J., Gu Q. Antidepressant use in persons aged 12 and over: United States, 2005-2008. NCHS Data Brief, No 76 2011, National Center for Health Statistics, Hyattsville, MD.
    • (2011) NCHS Data Brief, No 76
    • Pratt, L.A.1    Brody, D.J.2    Gu, Q.3
  • 151
    • 64049103614 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Testing the efficacy of theoretically derived improvements in the treatment of social phobia
    • Rapee R.M., Gaston J.E., Abbott M.J. Testing the efficacy of theoretically derived improvements in the treatment of social phobia. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 2009, 77:317-327.
    • (2009) Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , vol.77 , pp. 317-327
    • Rapee, R.M.1    Gaston, J.E.2    Abbott, M.J.3
  • 152
    • 33749477621 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prejudice and schizophrenia: A review of the "mental illness is an illness like any other" approach
    • Read J., Haslam N., Sayce L., Davies E. Prejudice and schizophrenia: A review of the "mental illness is an illness like any other" approach. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 2006, 114:1-16.
    • (2006) Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica , vol.114 , pp. 1-16
    • Read, J.1    Haslam, N.2    Sayce, L.3    Davies, E.4
  • 154
    • 0041568570 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychology should list empirically supported principles of change (ESPs) and not credential trademarked therapies or other treatment packages
    • Rosen G., Davison G. Psychology should list empirically supported principles of change (ESPs) and not credential trademarked therapies or other treatment packages. Behavior Modification 2003, 27:300-312.
    • (2003) Behavior Modification , vol.27 , pp. 300-312
    • Rosen, G.1    Davison, G.2
  • 159
    • 0000264756 scopus 로고
    • The catecholamine hypothesis of affective disorders: A review of supporting evidence
    • Schilkraudt J.J. The catecholamine hypothesis of affective disorders: A review of supporting evidence. The American Journal of Psychiatry 1965, 122:509-522.
    • (1965) The American Journal of Psychiatry , vol.122 , pp. 509-522
    • Schilkraudt, J.J.1
  • 163
    • 55749083565 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Double-blind comparison of first- and second-generation antipsychotics in early-onset schizophrenia and schizo-affective disorder: Findings from the treatment of early-onset schizophrenia spectrum disorders (TEOSS) study
    • Sikich L., Frazier J.A., McClellan J., Findling R.L., Vitiello B., Ritz L., et al. Double-blind comparison of first- and second-generation antipsychotics in early-onset schizophrenia and schizo-affective disorder: Findings from the treatment of early-onset schizophrenia spectrum disorders (TEOSS) study. The American Journal of Psychiatry 2008, 165:1420-1431.
    • (2008) The American Journal of Psychiatry , vol.165 , pp. 1420-1431
    • Sikich, L.1    Frazier, J.A.2    McClellan, J.3    Findling, R.L.4    Vitiello, B.5    Ritz, L.6
  • 166
    • 67949105162 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognitive-behavioral therapy for adult anxiety disorders in clinical practice: A meta-analysis of effectiveness studies
    • Stewart R.E., Chambless D.L. Cognitive-behavioral therapy for adult anxiety disorders in clinical practice: A meta-analysis of effectiveness studies. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 2009, 77:595-606.
    • (2009) Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , vol.77 , pp. 595-606
    • Stewart, R.E.1    Chambless, D.L.2
  • 167
    • 0344926553 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are samples in randomized controlled trials of psychotherapy representative of community outpatients? A new methodology and initial findings
    • Stirman S.W., DeRubeis R.J., Crits-Cristoph, Brody Are samples in randomized controlled trials of psychotherapy representative of community outpatients? A new methodology and initial findings. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 2003, 71:963-972.
    • (2003) Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , vol.71 , pp. 963-972
    • Stirman, S.W.1    DeRubeis, R.J.2    Crits-Cristoph3    Brody4
  • 172
    • 2542498720 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence, severity, and unmet need for treatment of mental disorders in the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys
    • The WHO World Mental Health Survey Consortium
    • The WHO World Mental Health Survey Consortium Prevalence, severity, and unmet need for treatment of mental disorders in the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys. Journal of the American Medical Association 2004, 291:2581-2590.
    • (2004) Journal of the American Medical Association , vol.291 , pp. 2581-2590
  • 173
    • 0003782155 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Office of the Surgeon General, Rockville, MD U.S.Department of Health and Human Services
    • U.S.Department of Health and Human Services Mental health: A report of the Surgeon General 1999, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Office of the Surgeon General, Rockville, MD.
    • (1999) Mental health: A report of the Surgeon General
  • 176
    • 84883153573 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (n.d.). Director's page. Retrieved February 18, from
    • Volkow, N. (n.d.). Director's page. Retrieved February 18, 2012, from. http://www.drugabuse.gov/about-nida/directors-page.
    • (2012)
    • Volkow, N.1
  • 178
    • 79953197342 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unresolved questions and future directions in psychotherapy research
    • American Psychological Association, Washington, DC, J.C. Norcross, G.R. VandenBos, D.K. Freedheim (Eds.)
    • Wampold B.E., Hollon S.D., Hill C.E. Unresolved questions and future directions in psychotherapy research. History of psychotherapy: Continuity and change 2011, American Psychological Association, Washington, DC. 2nd ed. J.C. Norcross, G.R. VandenBos, D.K. Freedheim (Eds.).
    • (2011) History of psychotherapy: Continuity and change
    • Wampold, B.E.1    Hollon, S.D.2    Hill, C.E.3
  • 180
    • 84883194382 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Retrieved February 18, 2012, from WebMD
    • WebMD Depression screening - Topic overview Retrieved February 18, 2012, from. http://www.webmd.com/depression/tc/depression-screening-topic-overview.
    • Depression screening - Topic overview
  • 182
    • 84863245148 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Testing standard and modular designs for psychotherapy treating depression, anxiety, and conduct problems in youth: A randomized effectiveness trial
    • Weisz J.R., Chorpita B.F., Palinkas L.A., Schoenwald S.K., Miranda J., Bearman S.K., et al. Testing standard and modular designs for psychotherapy treating depression, anxiety, and conduct problems in youth: A randomized effectiveness trial. Archives of General Psychiatry 2012, 69:274-282.
    • (2012) Archives of General Psychiatry , vol.69 , pp. 274-282
    • Weisz, J.R.1    Chorpita, B.F.2    Palinkas, L.A.3    Schoenwald, S.K.4    Miranda, J.5    Bearman, S.K.6
  • 184
    • 3042815230 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The empirical status of empirically supported psychotherapies: Assumptions, findings, and reporting in controlled clinical trials
    • Westen D., Novotny C.M., Thompson-Brenner H. The empirical status of empirically supported psychotherapies: Assumptions, findings, and reporting in controlled clinical trials. Psychological Bulletin 2004, 130:631-663.
    • (2004) Psychological Bulletin , vol.130 , pp. 631-663
    • Westen, D.1    Novotny, C.M.2    Thompson-Brenner, H.3
  • 189
    • 84883187698 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Retrieved June 29, 2012, from
    • Whitaker R. Speaking at MGH grand rounds, and more Retrieved June 29, 2012, from. http://www.madinamerica.com/2011/01/%ef%bb%bfspeaking-at-mgh-grand-rounds-and-more/.
    • Speaking at MGH grand rounds, and more
    • Whitaker, R.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.