Systemic rheumatic diseases: From biological agents to small molecules

Autoimmunity Reviews

Volumn 18, Issue 6, 2019, Pages 583-592

  Sarzi Puttini, Piercarlo ^a   Ceribelli, Angela ^a   Marotto, Daniela ^b   Batticciotto, Alberto ^c   Atzeni, Fabiola ^d  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MILAN   (Italy)

^b P Dettori Hospital   (Italy)

^c OSPEDALE DI CIRCOLO   (Italy)

^d UNIVERSITY OF MESSINA   (Italy)

Author keywords

Biological therapies; Biosimilars; Guidelines; Psoriatic arthritis; Recommendations; Rheumatoid arthritis; Small molecules; Spondyloartropathies

Indexed keywords

ABATACEPT; ADALIMUMAB; APREMILAST; BARICITINIB; BIOLOGICAL PRODUCT; CERTOLIZUMAB PEGOL; ETANERCEPT; GLUCOCORTICOID; GOLIMUMAB; INFLIXIMAB; RITUXIMAB; SARILUMAB; SECUKINUMAB; TOCILIZUMAB; TOFACITINIB; USTEKINUMAB; ANTIRHEUMATIC AGENT; BIOSIMILAR AGENT;

BIOLOGICAL THERAPY; COMORBIDITY; DIABETES MELLITUS; DISEASE ACTIVITY; HUMAN; INFECTION RISK; INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE; MONOTHERAPY; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS; REVIEW; RHEUMATIC DISEASE; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; SPONDYLARTHRITIS; SPONDYLOARTHROPATHY;

ANTIRHEUMATIC AGENTS; BIOSIMILAR PHARMACEUTICALS; HUMANS; RHEUMATIC DISEASES;

EID: 85064897341     PISSN: 15689972     EISSN: 18730183     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2018.12.009     Document Type: Review

References (99)

1. Pennica, D., Nedwin, G.E., Hayflick, J.S., Seeburg, P.H., Derynck, R., Palladino, M.A., et al. Human tumour necrosis factor: precursor structure, expression and homology to lymphotoxin. Nature 312 (1984), 724–729.
2. Palladino, M.A., Bahjat, F.R., Theodorakis, E.A., Moldawer, L.L., Anti-TNF-alpha therapies: the next generation. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2 (2003), 736–746.
3. Radner, H., Aletaha, D., Anti-TNF in rheumatoid arthritis: an overview. Wien Med Wochenschr 165 (2015), 3–9.
4. V. Ruiz Garcia, A. Burls, J.B. Cabello, P. Vela Casasempere, S. Bort-Marti and J.A. Bernal, Certolizumab pegol (CDP870)for rheumatoid arthritis in adults, The Cochrane database of systematic reviews 9 (2017)CD007649.
5. Conti, F., Atzeni, F., Massaro, L., Chiara Gerardi, M., Gremese, E., Passiu, G., et al. The influence of comorbidities on the efficacy of tumour necrosis factor inhibitors, and the effect of tumour necrosis factor inhibitors on comorbidities in rheumatoid arthritis: report from a National Consensus Conference. Rheumatology 57 (2018), vii11–vii22.
6. Atzeni, F., Carletto, A., Foti, R., Sebastiani, M., Panetta, V., Salaffi, F., et al. Incidence of cancer in patients with spondyloarthritis treated with anti-TNF drugs. Joint Bone Spine 85 (2018), 455–459.
7. Atzeni, F., Masala, I.F., di Franco, M., Sarzi-Puttini, P., Infections in rheumatoid arthritis. Curr Opin Rheumatol 29 (2017), 323–330.
8. Cessak, G., Kuzawinska, O., Burda, A., Lis, K., Wojnar, M., Mirowska-Guzel, D., et al. TNF inhibitors - mechanisms of action, approved and off-label indications. Pharmacol Rep 66 (2014), 836–844.
9. Rubbert-Roth, A., Atzeni, F., Masala, I.F., Caporali, R., Montecucco, C., Sarzi-Puttini, P., TNF inhibitors in rheumatoid arthritis and spondyloarthritis: are they the same?. Autoimmun Rev 17 (2018), 24–28.
10. Cohen, B.L., Sachar, D.B., Update on anti-tumor necrosis factor agents and other new drugs for inflammatory bowel disease. BMJ, 357, 2017, j2505.
11. Caporali, R., Crepaldi, G., Codullo, V., Benaglio, F., Monti, S., Todoerti, M., et al. 20 years of experience with tumour necrosis factor inhibitors: what have we learned?. Rheumatology 57 (2018), vii5–vii10.
12. Moreland, L., Bate, G., Kirkpatrick, P., Abatacept. Nat Rev Drug Discov 5 (2006), 185–186.
13. Weisman, M.H., Durez, P., Hallegua, D., Aranda, R., Becker, J.C., Nuamah, I., et al. Reduction of inflammatory biomarker response by abatacept in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol 33 (2006), 2162–2166.
14. Kremer, J.M., Genant, H.K., Moreland, L.W., Russell, A.S., Emery, P., Abud-Mendoza, C., et al. Effects of abatacept in patients with methotrexate-resistant active rheumatoid arthritis: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med 144 (2006), 865–876.
15. Ursini, F., Russo, E., De Giorgio, R., De Sarro, G., D'Angelo, S., Current treatment options for psoriatic arthritis: spotlight on abatacept. Ther Clin Risk Manag 14 (2018), 1053–1059.
16. Genovese, M.C., McKay, J.D., Nasonov, E.L., Mysler, E.F., da Silva, N.A., Alecock, E., et al. Interleukin-6 receptor inhibition with tocilizumab reduces disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis with inadequate response to disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs: the tocilizumab in combination with traditional disease-modifying antirheumatic drug therapy study. Arthritis Rheum 58 (2008), 2968–2980.
17. Jones, G., Sebba, A., Gu, J., Lowenstein, M.B., Calvo, A., Gomez-Reino, J.J., et al. Comparison of tocilizumab monotherapy versus methotrexate monotherapy in patients with moderate to severe rheumatoid arthritis: the AMBITION study. Ann Rheum Dis 69 (2010), 88–96.
18. Rubbert-Roth, A., Furst, D.E., Nebesky, J.M., Jin, A., Berber, E., A review of recent advances using tocilizumab in the treatment of rheumatic diseases. Rheumatol Ther 5 (2018), 21–42.
19. Edwards, J.C., Szczepanski, L., Szechinski, J., Filipowicz-Sosnowska, A., Emery, P., Close, D.R., et al. Efficacy of B-cell-targeted therapy with rituximab in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. New England J Med 350 (2004), 2572–2581.
20. Schioppo, T., Ingegnoli, F., Current perspective on rituximab in rheumatic diseases. Drug Des Devel Ther 11 (2017), 2891–2904.
21. Burmester, G.R., Lin, Y., Patel, R., van Adelsberg, J., Mangan, E.K., Graham, N.M., et al. Efficacy and safety of sarilumab monotherapy versus adalimumab monotherapy for the treatment of patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (MONARCH): a randomised, double-blind, parallel-group phase III trial. Ann Rheum Dis 76 (2017), 840–847.
22. Abbasi, M., Mousavi, M.J., Jamalzehi, S., Alimohammadi, R., Bezvan, M.H., Mohammadi, H., et al. Strategies toward rheumatoid arthritis therapy; the old and the new. J Cell Physiol 234 (2019), 10018–10031.
23. Cavalli, G., Dinarello, C.A., Anakinra therapy for non-cancer inflammatory diseases. Front Pharmacol, 9, 2018, 1157.
24. Lubrano, E., Perrotta, F.M., Secukinumab for ankylosing spondylitis and psoriatic arthritis. Ther Clin Risk Manag 12 (2016), 1587–1592.
25. Weber, J., Keam, S.J., Ustekinumab. BioDrugs 23 (2009), 53–61.
26. Dobbin-Sears, I., Roberts, J., O'Rielly, D.D., Rahman, P., Ustekinumab in psoriatic arthritis and related phenotypes. Ther Adv Chronic Dis 9 (2018), 191–198.
27. Yeilding, N., Szapary, P., Brodmerkel, C., Benson, J., Plotnick, M., Zhou, H., et al. Development of the IL-12/23 antagonist ustekinumab in psoriasis: past, present, and future perspectives–an update. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1263 (2012), 1–12.
28. Deepak, P., Loftus, E.V. Jr., Ustekinumab in treatment of Crohn's disease: design, development, and potential place in therapy. Drug Des Devel Ther 10 (2016), 3685–3698.
29. Shirley, M., Scott, L.J., Secukinumab: a review in psoriatic arthritis. Drugs 76 (2016), 1135–1145.
30. Chiricozzi, A., Secukinumab in the therapy of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis: a safe choice in clinical practice. J Dermatolog Treat, 2018, 1–4.
31. Kavanaugh, A., Marzo-Ortega, H., Vender, R., Wei, C.C., Birt, J., Adams, D.H., et al. Ixekizumab improves patient-reported outcomes in patients with active psoriatic arthritis and inadequate response to tumour necrosis factor inhibitors: SPIRIT-P2 results to 52 weeks. Clin Exp Rheumatol, 2018 [Epub ahead of print].
32. Rodig, S.J., Meraz, M.A., White, J.M., Lampe, P.A., Riley, J.K., Arthur, C.D., et al. Disruption of the Jak1 gene demonstrates obligatory and nonredundant roles of the Jaks in cytokine-induced biologic responses. Cell 93 (1998), 373–383.
33. Kisseleva, T., Bhattacharya, S., Braunstein, J., Schindler, C.W., Signaling through the JAK/STAT pathway, recent advances and future challenges. Gene 285 (2002), 1–24.
34. Choy, E.H., Clinical significance of Janus Kinase inhibitor selectivity. Rheumatology (Oxford), 2018, 10.1093/rheumatology/key339 [Epub ahead of print].
35. Atzeni, F., Talotta, R., Nucera, V., Marino, F., Gerratana, E., Sangari, D., et al. Adverse events, clinical considerations and management recommendations in rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with JAK inhibitors. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 14 (2018), 945–956.
36. Caporali, R., Zavaglia, D., Real-world experience with tofacitinib for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Exp Rheumatol, 2018 [Epub ahead of print].
37. Emery, P., Pope, J.E., Kruger, K., Lippe, R., DeMasi, R., Lula, S., et al. Efficacy of monotherapy with biologics and JAK inhibitors for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review. Adv Ther 35 (2018), 1535–1563.
38. Machado, M.A.A., Moura, C.S., Guerra, S.F., Curtis, J.R., Abrahamowicz, M., Bernatsky, S., Effectiveness and safety of tofacitinib in rheumatoid arthritis: a cohort study. Arthritis Res Ther, 20, 2018, 60.
39. Curtis, J.R., Xie, F., Yang, S., Bernatsky, S., Chen, L., Yun, H., et al. Herpes zoster in tofacitinib: risk is further increased with glucocorticoids but not methotrexate. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken), 2018 Oct 8, 10.1002/acr.23769 [Epub ahead of print].
40. Markham, A., Baricitinib: first global approval. Drugs 77 (2017), 697–704.
41. van Vollenhoven, R.F., Small molecular compounds in development for rheumatoid arthritis. Curr Opin Rheumatol 25 (2013), 391–397.
42. Huang, F., Luo, Z.C., Risk of adverse drug events observed with baricitinib 2 mg versus baricitinib 4 mg once daily for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. BioDrugs 32 (2018), 415–423.
43. Wu, Z.P., Zhang, P., Bai, J.Z., Liang, Y., He, J.S., Wang, J.C., Efficacy and safety of baricitinib for active rheumatoid arthritis in patients with an inadequate response to conventional synthetic or biological disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Exp Ther Med 16 (2018), 2449–2459.
44. Verden, A., Dimbil, M., Kyle, R., Overstreet, B., Hoffman, K.B., Analysis of spontaneous postmarket case reports submitted to the FDA regarding thromboembolic adverse events and JAK inhibitors. Drug Saf 41 (2018), 357–361.
45. Scott, I.C., Hider, S.L., Scott, D.L., Thromboembolism with janus kinase (JAK)inhibitors for rheumatoid arthritis: how real is the risk?. Drug Saf 41 (2018), 645–653.
46. Smolen, J.S., Genovese, M.C., Takeuchi, T., Hyslop, D.L., Macias, W.L., Rooney, T., et al. Safety profile of baricitinib in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis with over 2 years median time in treatment. J Rheumatol 46:1 (2019 Jan), 7–18.
47. Schett, G., Sloan, V.S., Stevens, R.M., Schafer, P., Apremilast: a novel PDE4 inhibitor in the treatment of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis 2 (2010), 271–278.
48. Keating, G.M., Apremilast: a review in psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. Drugs 77 (2017), 459–472.
49. Rich, P., Gooderham, M., Bachelez, H., Goncalves, J., Day, R.M., Chen, R., et al. Apremilast, an oral phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor, in patients with difficult-to-treat nail and scalp psoriasis: Results of 2 phase III randomized, controlled trials (ESTEEM 1 and ESTEEM 2). J Am Acad Dermatol 74 (2016), 134–142.
50. Qu, X., Zhang, S., Tao, L., Song, Y., A meta-analysis of apremilast on psoriatic arthritis long-term assessment of clinical efficacy (PALACE). Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 9 (2016), 799–805.
51. Nash, P., Ohson, K., Walsh, J., Delev, N., Nguyen, D., Teng, L., et al. Early and sustained efficacy with apremilast monotherapy in biological-naive patients with psoriatic arthritis: a phase IIIB, randomised controlled trial (ACTIVE). Ann Rheum Dis 77 (2018), 690–698.
52. Crowley, J., Thaci, D., Joly, P., Peris, K., Papp, K.A., Goncalves, J., et al. Long-term safety and tolerability of apremilast in patients with psoriasis: Pooled safety analysis for >/=156 weeks from 2 phase 3, randomized, controlled trials (ESTEEM 1 and 2). J Am Acad Dermatol 77 (2017), 310–317.
53. Zuniga, L., Calvo, B., Biosimilars approval process. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 56 (2010), 374–377.
54. Kay, J., Schoels, M.M., Dorner, T., Emery, P., Kvien, T.K., Smolen, J.S., et al. Consensus-based recommendations for the use of biosimilars to treat rheumatological diseases. Ann Rheum Dis 77 (2018), 165–174.
55. Chadwick, L., Zhao, S., Mysler, E., Moots, R.J., Review of biosimilar trials and data on etanercept in rheumatoid arthritis. Curr Rheumatol Rep, 20, 2018, 84.
56. Reinke, T., The biosimilar pipeline seams seem to be bursting. Manag Care 26 (2017), 24–25.
57. Bonafede, M.M., Gandra, S.R., Watson, C., Princic, N., Fox, K.M., Cost per treated patient for etanercept, adalimumab, and infliximab across adult indications: a claims analysis. Adv Ther 29 (2012), 234–248.
58. Manova, M., Savova, A., Vasileva, M., Terezova, S., Kamusheva, M., Grekova, D., et al. Comparative price analysis of biological products for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Front Pharmacol, 9, 2018, 1070.
59. Majithia, V., Geraci, S.A., Rheumatoid arthritis: diagnosis and management. Am J Med 120 (2007), 936–939.
60. Smolen, J.S., Landewe, R., Bijlsma, J., Burmester, G., Chatzidionysiou, K., Dougados, M., et al. EULAR recommendations for the management of rheumatoid arthritis with synthetic and biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs: 2016 update. Ann Rheum Dis 76 (2017), 960–977.
61. Batticciotto, A., Ravasio, R., Riva, M., Sarzi-Puttini, P., Efficacy and treatment costs of monotherapy with bDMARDs in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis in patients intolerant to or inappropriate to continue treatment with methotrexate. Adv Ther 33 (2016), 1360–1373.
62. Smolen, J.S., Landewe, R., Breedveld, F.C., Buch, M., Burmester, G., Dougados, M., et al. EULAR recommendations for the management of rheumatoid arthritis with synthetic and biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs: 2013 update. Ann Rheum Dis 73 (2014), 492–509.
63. Singh, J.A., Saag, K.G., Bridges, S.L. Jr., Akl, E.A., Bannuru, R.R., Sullivan, M.C., et al. 2015 American college of rheumatology guideline for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Care Res 68 (2016), 1–25.
64. Favalli, E.G., Sinigaglia, L., Becciolini, A., Grosso, V., Gorla, R., Bazzani, C., et al. Two-year persistence of golimumab as second-line biologic agent in rheumatoid arthritis as compared to other subcutaneous tumor necrosis factor inhibitors: real-life data from the LORHEN registry. Int J Rheum Dis 21 (2018), 422–430.
65. Elmamoun, M., Chandran, V., Role of methotrexate in the management of psoriatic arthritis. Drugs 78 (2018), 611–619.
66. Favalli, E.G., Biggioggero, M., Marchesoni, A., Meroni, P.L., Survival on treatment with second-line biologic therapy: a cohort study comparing cycling and swap strategies. Rheumatology 53 (2014), 1664–1668.
67. Todoerti, M., Favalli, E.G., Iannone, F., Olivieri, I., Benucci, M., Cauli, A., et al. Switch or swap strategy in rheumatoid arthritis patients failing TNF inhibitors? Results of a modified Italian Expert Consensus. Rheumatology 57 (2018), vii42–vii53.
68. Favalli, E.G., Raimondo, M.G., Becciolini, A., Crotti, C., Biggioggero, M., Caporali, R., The management of first-line biologic therapy failures in rheumatoid arthritis: current practice and future perspectives. Autoimmun Rev 16 (2017), 1185–1195.
69. Iannone, F., Ferraccioli, G., Sinigaglia, L., Favalli, E.G., Sarzi-Puttini, P., Atzeni, F., et al. Real-world experience of tocilizumab in rheumatoid arthritis: sub-analysis of data from the Italian biologics' register GISEA. Clin Rheumatol 37 (2018), 315–321.
70. Ye, W., Tucker, L.J., Coates, L.C., Tapering and discontinuation of biologics in patients with psoriatic arthritis with low disease activity. Drugs 78 (2018), 1705–1715.
71. Atzeni, F., Benucci, M., Talotta, R., Masala, I.F., Sarzi-Puttini, P., Govoni, M., What are the dangers of biological therapy discontinuation or dose reduction strategies when treating rheumatoid arthritis?. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 9 (2016), 1403–1411.
72. Luong, A.A., Salonen, D.C., Imaging of the seronegative spondyloarthropathies. Curr Rheumatol Rep 2 (2000), 288–296.
73. D'Agostino, M.A., Olivieri, I., Enthesitis. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 20 (2006), 473–486.
74. Rizzo, A., Ferrante, A., Guggino, G., Ciccia, F., Gut inflammation in spondyloarthritis. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 31 (2017), 863–876.
75. Chen, B., Li, J., He, C., Li, D., Tong, W., Zou, Y., et al. Role of HLA-B27 in the pathogenesis of ankylosing spondylitis (review). Mol Med Rep 15 (2017), 1943–1951.
76. Luchetti, M.M., Benfaremo, D., Gabrielli, A., Biologics in inflammatory and immunomediated arthritis. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 18 (2017), 989–1007.
77. Benucci, M., Damiani, A., Bandinelli, F., Grossi, V., Infantino, M., Manfredi, M., et al. Ankylosing spondylitis treatment after first anti-TNF drug failure. Isr Med Assoc J 20 (2018), 119–122.
78. Gossec, L., Smolen, J.S., Ramiro, S., de Wit, M., Cutolo, M., Dougados, M., et al. European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR)recommendations for the management of psoriatic arthritis with pharmacological therapies: 2015 update. Ann Rheum Dis 75 (2016), 499–510.
79. Veale, D.J., Fearon, U., The pathogenesis of psoriatic arthritis. Lancet 391 (2018), 2273–2284.
80. Kruntoradova, K., Klimes, J., Sedova, L., Stolfa, J., Dolezal, T., Petrikova, A., Work productivity and costs related to patients with ankylosing spondylitis, rheumatoid arthritis, and psoriasis. Value Health Reg Issue 4 (2014), 100–106.
81. Evans, C., Managed care aspects of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. Am J Manag Care 22 (2016), s238–s243.
82. Kawalec, P., Holko, P., Mocko, P., Pilc, A., Comparative effectiveness of abatacept, apremilast, secukinumab and ustekinumab treatment of psoriatic arthritis: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Rheumatol Int 38 (2018), 189–201.
83. Singh, J.A., Guyatt, G., Ogdie, A., Gladman, D.D., Deal, C., Deodhar, A., et al. Special article: 2018 American college of rheumatology/national psoriasis foundation guideline for the treatment of psoriatic arthritis. Arthritis Care Res 71 (2019), 2–29.
84. Bykerk, V.P., Massarotti, E.M., The new ACR/EULAR remission criteria: rationale for developing new criteria for remission. Rheumatology 51:Suppl. 6 (2012), vi16–20.
85. van der Heijde, D., Sieper, J., Maksymowych, W.P., Dougados, M., Burgos-Vargas, R., Landewe, R., et al. 2010 update of the international ASAS recommendations for the use of anti-TNF agents in patients with axial spondyloarthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 70 (2011), 905–908.
86. Braun, J., Pham, T., Sieper, J., Davis, J., van der Linden, S., Dougados, M., et al. International ASAS consensus statement for the use of anti-tumour necrosis factor agents in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Ann Rheum Dis 62 (2003), 817–824.
87. Sepriano, A., Regel, A., van der Heijde, D., Braun, J., Baraliakos, X., Landewe, R., et al. Efficacy and safety of biological and targeted-synthetic DMARDs: a systematic literature review informing the 2016 update of the ASAS/EULAR recommendations for the management of axial spondyloarthritis. RMD Open, 3, 2017, e000396.
88. van der Heijde, D., Ramiro, S., Landewe, R., Baraliakos, X., Van den Bosch, F., Sepriano, A., et al. 2016 update of the ASAS-EULAR management recommendations for axial spondyloarthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 76 (2017), 978–991.
89. Coates, L.C., Gossec, L., Ramiro, S., Mease, P., van der Heijde, D., Smolen, J.S., et al. New GRAPPA and EULAR recommendations for the management of psoriatic arthritis. Rheumatology 56 (2017), 1251–1253.
90. Mahmood, F., Coates, L.C., Helliwell, P.S., Current concepts and unmet needs in psoriatic arthritis. Clin Rheumatol 37 (2018), 297–305.
91. Atzeni, F., Talotta, R., Masala, I.F., Bongiovanni, S., Boccassini, L., Sarzi-Puttini, P., Biomark Rheumat Arthrit 19 (2017), 512–516.
92. Cantini, F., Niccoli, L., Nannini, C., Cassara, E., Kaloudi, O., Favalli, E. Giulio, et al. Tailored first-line biologic therapy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, spondyloarthritis, and psoriatic arthritis. Semin Arthritis Rheum 45 (2016), 519–532.
93. Monti, S., Klersy, C., Gorla, R., Sarzi-Puttini, P., Atzeni, F., Pellerito, R., et al. Factors influencing the choice of first- and second-line biologic therapy for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: real-life data from the Italian LORHEN Registry. Clin Rheumatol 36 (2017), 753–761.
94. van Riel, P., Alten, R., Combe, B., Abdulganieva, D., Bousquet, P., Courtenay, M., et al. Improving inflammatory arthritis management through tighter monitoring of patients and the use of innovative electronic tools. RMD Open, 2, 2016, e000302.
95. van der Linden, M.P., Knevel, R., Huizinga, T.W., van der Helm-van Mil, A.H., Classification of rheumatoid arthritis: comparison of the 1987 American College of Rheumatology criteria and the 2010 American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism criteria. Arthritis Rheum 63 (2011), 37–42.
96. Fleischmann, R., Connolly, S.E., Maldonado, M.A., Schiff, M., Brief report: estimating disease activity using multi-biomarker disease activity scores in rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with abatacept or adalimumab. Arthritis Rheum 68 (2016), 2083–2089.
97. Cantini, F., Benucci, M., Switching from the bio-originators to biosimilar: is it premature to recommend this procedure?. Ann Rheum Dis, 78(4), 2019 Apr, e23.
98. Marchesoni, A., Olivieri, I., Salvarani, C., Pipitone, N., D'Angelo, S., Mathieu, A., et al. Recommendations for the use of biologics and other novel drugs in the treatment of psoriatic arthritis: 2017 update from the Italian Society of Rheumatology. Clin Exp Rheumatol 35 (2017), 991–1010.
99. Rezk, M.F., Pieper, B., Treatment outcomes with biosimilars: be aware of the Nocebo effect. Rheumatol Ther 4 (2017), 209–218.