Adaptive behavior in the simulator: Implications for active safety system evaluation

Handbook of Driving Simulation for Engineering, Medicine, and Psychology

Volumn , Issue , 2011, Pages 41-1-41-16

  Engström, Johan ^a   Aust, Mikael Ljung ^a  

^a CHALMERS UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY   (Sweden)

Author keywords

Active Safety Systems; Adaptive Driver Behavior; Evaluation; Expectancy; Simulator Scenario Design

Indexed keywords

EID: 85059431136     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Chapter

References (61)

1. Abelson, R. P. (1963). Computer simulation of “hot” cognition. In S. S. Tomkins & S. Messick (Eds.), Computer simulation of personality. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
2. Alexander, G. J., & Lunenfeld, H. (1986). Driver expectancy in highway design and traffic operations (Rep. FHWA-TO-86-1). US Department of Transportation.
3. Antin, J. F., Dingus, T. A., Hulse, M. C., & Wierwille, W. W. (1990). An evaluation of the effectiveness of an automobile moving-map navigation display. International Journal of Man Machine Studies, 33, 581-594.
4. Ashby, W. (1956). An introduction to cybernetics. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
5. Blommer, M., Curry, R., Kozak, K., Greenberg, J., & Artz, B. (2006). Implementation of controlled lane departures and analysis of simulator sickness for a drowsy driver study. Proceedings of Driving Simulation Conference (DSC) 2006, Paris, France.
6. Boer, E. R. (1999). Car following from the driver’s perspective. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behavior, 2(4), 201-206.
7. Bottomore, S. (1999). The panicking audience?: Early cinema and the “train effect”. Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television, 19(2), 177-216.
8. Chan, E., Pradhan, A. K., Pollatsek, A., Knodler, M. A., & Fisher, D. L. (2008). Evaluation on a driving simulator of the effect of distractions inside and outside the vehicle on drivers’ eye movements. Technical report, Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst.
9. Cummings, M. L., Kilgore, R. M., Wang, E., Tijerina, L., & Kochhar, D. S. (2007). Effects of single versus multiple warnings on driver performance. Human Factors, 49(6), 1097-1106.
10. Curry, G. A., Hieatt, D. J., & Wilde, G. J. S. (1975). Task load in the motor vehicle operator: A comparative study of assessment procedures. Ottawa, Ontario: Ministry of Transport, Road and Motor Vehicle Traffic Safety Branch.
11. Damasio, A. R. (1994). Descarte’s error: Emotion, reason and the human brain. New York: Groset/Putnam.
12. Dingus, T. A., Klauer, S. G., Neale, V. L., Petersen, A., Lee, S. E., Sudweeks, J., Knipling, R. R. (2006). The 100-car naturalistic driving study phase II—Results of the 100-car field experiment (Rep. HS 810 593). US Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration.
13. Engström, J., & Hollnagel, E. (2007). A general conceptual framework for modeling behavioral effects of driver support functions. In P. C. Cacciabue (Ed.), Modeling driver behavior in automotive environments: Critical issues in driver interactions with intelligent transport systems. London, Springer.
14. Engström, J., Johansson, E., & Östlund, J. (2005). Effects of visual and cognitive load in real and simulated motorway driving. Transportation Research Part F, 8(2), 97-120. doi:10.1016/j.trf.2005.04.012
15. Engström, J., Ljung Aust, M., & Viström, M. (in press). Effects of working memory load and repeated scenario exposure on emergency braking performance. To appear in Human Factors.
16. Fajen, B. R. (2005). Perceiving possibilities for action: On the necessity of calibration and perceptual learning for the visual guidance of action. Perception, 34, 717-740.
17. Fuller, R. (2007). Motivational determinants of control in the driving task. In P. C. Cacciabue (Ed.), Modeling driver behavior in automotive environments: Critical issues in driver interactions with intelligent transport systems (pp. 165-188). London, Springer.
18. Garay-Vega, L., Fisher, D. L., & Pollatsek, A. (2007, January). Hazard anticipation of novice and experienced drivers: Empirical evaluation on a driving simulator in daytime and nighttime conditions. Paper presented at the 86th Transportation Research Board (TRB) Annual Meeting. Washington, DC: TRB, National Research Council.
19. Gibson, J. J., & Crooks, L. E. (1938). A theoretical field-analysis of automobile-driving. The American Journal of Psychology, 51(3), 453-471.
20. Godthelp, H., Milgram, P., & Blaauw, J. (1984). The development of a time-related measure to describe driving strategy. Human Factors, 26(3), 257-268.
21. Goodrich, M. A., Stirling, W. C., & Boer, E. R. (2000). Satisficing revisited. Minds and Machines, 10(1), 79-109.
22. Green, M. (2000). “How long does it take to stop?” Methodological analysis of driver perception-brake times. Transportation Human Factors, 2(3), 195-216.
23. Green, P. (2004). Driver distraction, telematics design, and workload managers: Safety issues and solutions (SAE Paper 2004-21-0022). Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers.
24. Hockey, G. R. J. (1997). Compensatory control in the regulation of human performance under stress and high workload: A cognitive energetical framework. Biological Psychology, 45, 73-93.
25. Hollnagel, E., & Woods, D. D. (2005). Joint cognitive systems: Foundations of cognitive systems engineering. Boca Raton, FL: Taylor & Francis/CRC Press.
26. Jamson, H., & Merat, N. (2005). Surrogate in-vehicle information systems and driver behavior: Effects of visual and cognitive load in simulated rural road driving. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behavior, 8(2), 79-96. doi:10.1016/j.trf.2005.04.002
27. King, S. M., Dykeman, C., Redgrave, P., & Dean, P. (1992). Use of a distracting task to obtain defensive head movements to looming visual stimuli by human adults in a laboratory setting. Perception, 21(2), 245-259.
28. Klauer, S. G., Dingus, T. A., Neale, V. L., Sudweeks, J. D., & Ramsey, D. J. (2006). The impact of driver inattention on near-crash/crash risk: An analysis using the 100-car naturalistic driving study data (Rep: DOT HS 810 59). US Department of Transportation.
29. Lee, D. N. (1976). A theory of visual control of braking based on information about time-to-collision. Perception, 5, 437-459.
30. Lee, J. D., McGehee, D. V., Brown, T., & Reyes, M. L. (2002). Collision warning, driver distraction, and driver response to rear-end collisions in a high-fidelity driving simulator. Human Factors, 44(2), 314-334.
31. Lind, H. (2007). An efficient visual forward collision warning display for vehicles (Paper 2007-01-1105). Society of Automotive Engineers World Congress. Detroit, MI.
32. Ljung, M., Blommer, M., Curry, R., Artz, B., Greenberg, J., Kochhar, D., Jakobsson, L. (2007). The influence of study design in results in HMI testing for active safety (Paper 07-0383). Enhanced Safety Vehicles (ESV) Conference, Lyon, France.
33. Ljung, M., Fagerlind, H., Lövsund, P., & Sandin, J. (2007). Accident investigations for active safety at CHALMERS— new demands require new methodologies. Vehicle System Dynamics, 45(10), 881-894.
34. Aust, M., & Engström, J. (2010). A conceptual framework for requirement specification and evaluation of active safety functions. Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science. First published on: 15 June 2010 (iFirst).
35. Meyer, J.-A., & Guillot, A. (1991). Simulation of adaptive behavior in animats: Review and prospects. In J.-A. Meyer & S. W. Wilson (Eds.), From animals to animats: Proceedings of the first international conference on simulation of adaptive behavior (pp. 2-14). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
36. Michon, J. A. (1985). A critical review of driver behavior models: What do we know? What should we do? In L. A. Evans & R. C. Schwing (Eds.), Human behavior and traffic safety (pp. 487-525). New York: Plenum Press.
37. Näätänen, R., & Summala, H. (1976). Road user behavior and traffic accidents. Amsterdam: North Holland.
38. Najm, W. G., Smith, J. D., & Yanagisawa, M. (2007). Pre-crash scenario typology for crash avoidance research (Rep. DOT HS 810 767). US Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration.
39. Olson, P. L., & Sivak, M. (1986). Perception-response time to unexpected roadway hazards. Human Factors, 28(1), 91-96.
40. Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development. (1990). Behavioral adaptations to changes in the road transport system. Prepared by an OECD Expert Group, Road Transport Research Program.
41. Pfeifer, R., & Scheier, C. (2000). Understanding intelligence. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
42. Posner, M. I. (1980). Orienting of attention. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 32, 3-25.
43. Pradhan, A. K., Pollatsek, A., Knodler, M., & Fisher, D. L. (2009). Can younger drivers scan for information that will reduce their risk in roadway traffic scenarios that are hard to identify as hazardous? Ergonomics, 52(6), 657-673.
44. Rauch, N., Gradenegger, B., & Krüger, H-P. (2008). Identifying user strategies for interaction with in-vehicle information systems while driving in a simulator. Proceedings of the European Conference on Human Centered Design for Intelligent Transport Systems, Lyon, France.
45. Räsänen, M., & Summala, H. (1998). Attention and expectation problems in bicycle-car collisions: An in-depth study. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 30, 657-666.
46. Rensink, R. A., O’Regan, J. K., & Clark, J. J. (1997). To see or not to see: The need for attention to perceive changes in scenes. Psychological Science, 8, 368-73.
47. Rumar, K., Berggrund, U., Jernberg, P., & Ytterbom, U. (1976). Driver reaction to a technical safety measure—Studded tires. Human Factors, 18, 443-454.
48. Schiff, W., Caviness, J. A., & Gibson, J. J. (1962). Persistent fear responses in rhesus monkeys to the optical stimulus of “looming”. Science, 136, 982-963.
49. Scott, J. J., & Gray, R. A. (2008). Comparison of tactile, visual, and auditory warnings for rear-end collision prevention in simulated driving. Human Factors, 50(2), 264-275.
50. Senders, J. W., Kristofferson, A. B., Levison, W. H., Dietrich, C. W., & Ward, J. L. (1967). The attentional demand of automobile driving. Highway Research Record, 195, 15-33.
51. Simon, H. A. (1955). A behavioral model of rational choice. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, LXIX, 99-118.
52. Stein, A. C., Allen, R. W., & Schwartz, S. H. (1978). Use of reward-penalty structures in human experimentation. 14th Annual conference on manual control (pp. 167-178). NASA Ames Research Center.
53. Summala, H. (2000). Brake reaction times and driver behavior analysis. Transportation Human Factors, 2(3), 217-226.
54. Summala, H. (2007). Towards understanding motivational and emotional factors in driver behavior: Comfort through satisficing. In P. C. Cacciabue (Ed.), Modeling driver behavior in automotive environments: Critical issues in driver interactions with intelligent transport systems. London: Springer.
55. Vaa, T. (2007). Modeling driver behavior on the basis of emotions and feelings. In P. C. Cacciabue (Ed.), Modeling driver behavior in automotive environments: Critical issues in driver interactions with intelligent transport systems. London: Springer.
56. van der Horst, R. (1990). A time-based analysis of road user behavior in normal and critical encounters. Doctoral dissertation, Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands.
57. van Elslande, P., & Faucher-Alberton, L. (1997). When expectancies become certainties: A potential adverse effect of experience. In T. Rothengatter, & E. Vanya (Eds.), Traffic and transport psychology. Tarrytown, NY: Pergamon Press.
58. Victor, T., Engström, J., & Harbluk, J. (2008). Distraction assessment methods based on visual behavior and event detection. In M. Regan, J. Lee, & K. Young (Eds.), Driver distraction: Theory, effects and mitigation. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
59. Victor, T. W., Harbluk, J. L., & Engström, J. (2005). Sensitivity of eye-movement measures to in-vehicle task difficulty. Transportation Research Part F: Psychology and Behavior, 8(2), 167-190.
60. Wiener, N. (1948). Cybernetics, or, control and communication in the animal and the machine. New York: Wiley.
61. Wikman, A., Nieminen, T., & Summala, H. (1998). Driving Experience and time-sharing during in-car tasks on roads of different width. Ergonomics, 42(3), 358-372.