Challenges in assessing the burden of sepsis and understanding the inequalities of sepsis outcomes between National Health Systems: secular trends in sepsis and infection incidence and mortality in Germany

Intensive Care Medicine

Volumn 44, Issue 11, 2018, Pages 1826-1835

  Fleischmann Struzek, C ^a   Mikolajetz, A ^a   Schwarzkopf, D ^a   Cohen, J ^b   Hartog, C S ^c,d   Pletz, M ^a   Gastmeier, P ^d,e   Reinhart, K ^a,d  

^a JENA UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Germany)

^b UNIVERSITY OF SUSSEX   (United Kingdom)

^c Klinik Bavaria in Kreischa GmbH   (Germany)

^d CHARITÉ UNIVERSITÄTSMEDIZIN BERLIN   (Germany)

^e National Reference Centre for Surveillance of Nosocomial Infections   (Germany)

Author keywords

Epidemiology; Secular trends; Sepsis; Septic shock

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; CLINICAL OUTCOME; CONTROLLED STUDY; DISEASE BURDEN; FEMALE; GERMANY; HOSPITAL ADMISSION; HOSPITAL DISCHARGE; HUMAN; INCIDENCE; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MORTALITY; MORTALITY RATE; SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS; SEPSIS; SEPTIC SHOCK; AGED; COST OF ILLNESS; FACTUAL DATABASE; HOSPITALIZATION; RETROSPECTIVE STUDY; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; SOCIOECONOMICS; SURVIVAL RATE; VERY ELDERLY;

ADULT; AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; COST OF ILLNESS; DATABASES, FACTUAL; FEMALE; GERMANY; HOSPITALIZATION; HUMANS; INCIDENCE; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; SEPSIS; SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS; SURVIVAL RATE;

EID: 85054478770     PISSN: 03424642     EISSN: 14321238     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00134-018-5377-4     Document Type: Article

References (45)

1. Singer M, Deutschman CS, Seymour CW, Shankar-Hari M, Annane D, Bauer M, Bellomo R, Bernard GR, Chiche JD, Coopersmith CM, Hotchkiss RS, Levy MM, Marshall JC, Martin GS, Opal SM, Rubenfeld GD, van der Poll T, Vincent JL, Angus DC (2016) The third international consensus definitions for sepsis and septic shock (Sepsis-3). J Am Med Assoc 315:801–810
2. Fleischmann C, Scherag A, Adhikari NK, Hartog CS, Tsaganos T, Schlattmann P, Angus DC, Reinhart K, International Forum of Acute Care T (2016) Assessment of global incidence and mortality of hospital-treated sepsis. Current estimates and limitations. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 193:259–272
3. Torio CM, Moore BJ (2016) National inpatient hospital costs: the most expensive conditions by payer, 2013: statistical brief #204. Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) Statistical Briefs, Rockville
4. Fleischmann C, Thomas-Rueddel DO, Hartmann M, Hartog CS, Welte T, Heublein S, Heublein S, Dennler U, Reinhart K (2016) Hospital incidence and mortality rates of sepsis. Dtsch Arzteblatt Int 113:159–166
5. Burrell AR, McLaws ML, Fullick M, Sullivan RB, Sindhusake D (2016) SEPSIS KILLS: early intervention saves lives. Med J Aust 204(73):e71–e77
6. Goodwin A, Srivastava V, Shotton H, Protopapa K, Butt A, Mason M (2015) Just Say Sepsis! A review of the process of care received by patients with sepsis. NCEPOD (National Confidential Enquiry into Patient Outcome and Death), London
7. Reinhart K, Daniels R, Kissoon N, Machado FR, Schachter RD, Finfer S (2017) Recognizing sepsis as a global health priority—a WHO resolution. New Engl J Med 377:414–417
8. World Health Organisation Executive Board (EB140/12) (2017) Improving the prevention, diagnosis and clinical management of sepsis. http://apps.who.int/gb/ebwha/pdf_files/EB140/B140_12-en.pdf. Accessed 20 June 2017
9. Kumar G, Kumar N, Taneja A, Kaleekal T, Tarima S, McGinley E, Jimenez E, Mohan A, Khan RA, Whittle J, Jacobs E, Nanchal R (2011) Nationwide trends of severe sepsis in the 21st century (2000–2007). Chest 140:1223–1231
10. Rhee C, Gohil S, Klompas M (2014) Regulatory mandates for sepsis care—reasons for caution. New Engl J Med 370:1673–1676
11. Seymour CW, Coopersmith CM, Deutschman CS, Gesten F, Klompas M, Levy M, Martin GS, Osborn TM, Rhee C, Warren DK, Watson RS, Angus DC (2016) Application of a framework to assess the usefulness of alternative sepsis criteria. Crit Care Med 44:e122–e130
12. Rhee C, Dantes R, Epstein L, Murphy DJ, Seymour CW, Iwashyna TJ, Kadri SS, Angus DC, Danner RL, Fiore AE, Jernigan JA, Martin GS, Septimus E, Warren DK, Karcz A, Chan C, Menchaca JT, Wang R, Gruber S, Klompas M, Program CDCPE (2017) Incidence and trends of sepsis in US hospitals using clinical vs claims data, 2009–2014. J Am Med Assoc 318:1241–1249
13. Mellhammar L, Wullt S, Lindberg A, Lanbeck P, Christensson B, Linder A (2016) Sepsis incidence: a population-based study. Open Forum Infect Dis 3. 10.1093/ofid/ofw207
14. Angus DC, Linde-Zwirble WT, Lidicker J, Clermont G, Carcillo J, Pinsky MR (2001) Epidemiology of severe sepsis in the United States: analysis of incidence, outcome, and associated costs of care. Crit Care Med 29:1303–1310
15. Reinhart K, Brunkhorst FM, Bone HG, Bardutzky J, Dempfle CE, Forst H, Gastmeier P, Gerlach H, Grundling M, John S, Kern W, Kreymann G, Kruger W, Kujath P, Marggraf G, Martin J, Mayer K, Meier-Hellmann A, Oppert M, Putensen C, Quintel M, Ragaller M, Rossaint R, Seifert H, Spies C, Stuber F, Weiler N, Weimann A, Werdan K, Welte T (2010) Prevention, diagnosis, therapy and follow-up care of sepsis: 1st revision of S-2k guidelines of the German Sepsis Society (Deutsche Sepsis-Gesellschaft e.V. (DSG)) and the German Interdisciplinary Association of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine (Deutsche Interdisziplinare Vereinigung fur Intensiv- und Notfallmedizin (DIVI)). Ger Med Sci. 10.3205/000103
16. Deutsches Institut für Medizinische Dokumentation und Information (2018) Was versteht man unter SIRS-Systemisches inflammatorisches response-syndrom? https://www.dimdi.de/dynamic/de/klassifikationen/kodierfrage/Was-versteht-man-unter-SIRS-Systemisches-inflammatorisches-Response-Syndrom-ICD-10-GMnbspNr.nbsp1007/. Accessed 09 Aug 2018
17. Charlson ME, Pompei P, Ales KL, MacKenzie CR (1987) A new method of classifying prognostic comorbidity in longitudinal studies: development and validation. J Chronic Dis 40:373–383
18. Schwarzkopf D, Fleischmann-Struzek C, Ruddel H, Reinhart K, Thomas-Ruddel DO (2018) A risk-model for hospital mortality among patients with severe sepsis or septic shock based on German national administrative claims data. PLoS One 13:e0194371
19. Fleischmann-Struzek C, Thomas-Ruddel DO, Schettler A, Schwarzkopf D, Stacke A, Seymour CW, Haas C, Dennler U, Reinhart K (2018) Comparing the validity of different ICD coding abstraction strategies for sepsis case identification in German claims data. PLoS One 13:e0198847
20. Kaukonen KM, Bailey M, Pilcher D, Cooper DJ, Bellomo R (2015) Systemic inflammatory response syndrome criteria in defining severe sepsis. New Engl J Med 372:1629–1638
21. Walkey AJ, Lagu T, Lindenauer PK (2015) Trends in sepsis and infection sources in the United States. A population-based study. Ann Am Thorac Soc 12:216–220
22. Engel C, Brunkhorst FM, Bone HG, Brunkhorst R, Gerlach H, Grond S, Gruendling M, Huhle G, Jaschinski U, John S, Mayer K, Oppert M, Olthoff D, Quintel M, Ragaller M, Rossaint R, Stuber F, Weiler N, Welte T, Bogatsch H, Hartog C, Loeffler M, Reinhart K (2007) Epidemiology of sepsis in Germany: results from a national prospective multicenter study. Intensive Care Med 33:606–618
23. Trotter CL, Stuart JM, George R, Miller E (2008) Increasing hospital admissions for pneumonia, England. Emerg Infect Dis 14:727–733
24. Kaukonen KM, Bailey M, Suzuki S, Pilcher D, Bellomo R (2014) Mortality related to severe sepsis and septic shock among critically ill patients in Australia and New Zealand, 2000–2012. J Am Med Assoc 311:1308–1316
25. Shankar-Hari M, Harrison DA, Rowan KM (2016) Differences in impact of definitional elements on mortality precludes international comparisons of sepsis epidemiology—a cohort study illustrating the need for standardized reporting. Crit Care Med 44(12):2223–2230
26. Wunsch H, Angus DC, Harrison DA, Collange O, Fowler R, Hoste EA, de Keizer NF, Kersten A, Linde-Zwirble WT, Sandiumenge A, Rowan KM (2008) Variation in critical care services across North America and Western Europe. Crit Care Med 36(2787–2793):e2781–e2789
27. Bonten MJ, Huijts SM, Bolkenbaas M, Webber C, Patterson S, Gault S, van Werkhoven CH, van Deursen AM, Sanders EA, Verheij TJ, Patton M, McDonough A, Moradoghli-Haftvani A, Smith H, Mellelieu T, Pride MW, Crowther G, Schmoele-Thoma B, Scott DA, Jansen KU, Lobatto R, Oosterman B, Visser N, Caspers E, Smorenburg A, Emini EA, Gruber WC, Grobbee DE (2015) Polysaccharide conjugate vaccine against pneumococcal pneumonia in adults. New Engl J Med 372:1114–1125
28. Christenson B, Lundbergh P, Hedlund J, Ortqvist A (2001) Effects of a large-scale intervention with influenza and 23-valent pneumococcal vaccines in adults aged 65 years or older: a prospective study. Lancet 357:1008–1011
29. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (2018) Influenza vaccination rates. https://data.oecd.org/healthcare/influenza-vaccination-rates.htm. Accessed 19 Mar 2018
30. Poethko-Müller C, Schmitz R (2013) Impfstatus von Erwachsenen in Deutschland. Ergebnisse der Studie zur Gesundheit Erwachsener in Deutschland (DEGS1). Bundesgesundheitsblatt 56:845–857
31. Williams WW, Lu PJ, O’Halloran A, Kim DK, Grohskopf LA, Pilishvili T, Skoff TH, Nelson NP, Harpaz R, Markowitz LE, Rodriguez-Lainz A, Fiebelkorn AP (2017) Surveillance of vaccination coverage among adult populations—United States, 2015. MMWR Surveill Summ 66:1–28
32. Public Health England (2015) Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV) coverage report, England, April 2014 to March 2015. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/448406/hpr2615_ppv.pdf. Accessed 05 June 2018
33. Dyda A, Karki S, Hayen A, MacIntyre CR, Menzies R, Banks E, Kaldor JM, Liu B (2016) Influenza and pneumococcal vaccination in Australian adults: a systematic review of coverage and factors associated with uptake. BMC Infect Dis 16:515
34. Gastmeier P, Brunkhorst F, Schrappe M, Kern W, Geffers C (2010) Wie viele nosokomiale Infektionen sind vermeidbar? Dtsch Med Wochenschr 135(3):91–93
35. Sama A (2014) Quality sepsis care: ACEP’s mission, advocacy and research in action. http://www.thecentralline.com/?p=3091. Accessed 20 Aug 2018
36. Seymour CW, Gesten F, Prescott HC, Friedrich ME, Iwashyna TJ, Phillips GS, Lemeshow S, Osborn T, Terry KM, Levy MM (2017) Time to treatment and mortality during mandated emergency care for sepsis. New Engl J Med 376:2235–2244
37. Liu VX, Fielding-Singh V, Greene JD, Baker JM, Iwashyna TJ, Bhattacharya J, Escobar GJ (2017) The timing of early antibiotics and hospital mortality in sepsis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 196:856–863
38. Burrell AR, McLaws ML, Fullick M, Sullivan RB, Sindhusake D (2016) SEPSIS KILLS: early intervention saves lives. Med J Aust 204:73
39. Damiani E, Donati A, Serafini G, Rinaldi L, Adrario E, Pelaia P, Busani S, Girardis M (2015) Effect of performance improvement programs on compliance with sepsis bundles and mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. PLoS One 10:e0125827
40. Jones DA, DeVita MA, Bellomo R (2011) Rapid-response teams. New Engl J Med 365:139–146
41. Evans IVR, Phillips GS, Alpern ER, Angus DC, Friedrich ME, Kissoon N, Lemeshow S, Levy MM, Parker MM, Terry KM, Watson RS, Weiss SL, Zimmerman J, Seymour CW (2018) Association between the New York sepsis care mandate and in-hospital mortality for pediatric sepsis. J Am Med Assoc 320:358–367
42. Kern W, Fätkenheuer G, Tacconelli E, Ullmann A (2015) Infectious diseases as a clinical specialty in Germany and Europe. Z Evid Fortbild Qual Gesundhwes 109(7):493–499
43. Fatkenheuer G, Kern WV, Salzberger B (2016) An urgent call for infectious diseases specialists. Infection 44:269–270
44. Bloos F, Ruddel H, Thomas-Ruddel D, Schwarzkopf D, Pausch C, Harbarth S, Schreiber T, Grundling M, Marshall J, Simon P, Levy MM, Weiss M, Weyland A, Gerlach H, Schurholz T, Engel C, Matthaus-Kramer C, Scheer C, Bach F, Riessen R, Poidinger B, Dey K, Weiler N, Meier-Hellmann A, Haberle HH, Wobker G, Kaisers UX, Reinhart K (2017) Effect of a multifaceted educational intervention for anti-infectious measures on sepsis mortality: a cluster randomized trial. Intensive Care Med 43(11):1602–1612
45. SepNet Critical Care Trials G (2016) Incidence of severe sepsis and septic shock in German intensive care units: the prospective, multicentre INSEP study. Intensive Care Med 42:1980–1989