메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 3, Issue 1, 2015, Pages

The suicide prevention effect of lithium: More than 20 years of evidence—a narrative review

Author keywords

Affective disorders; Bipolar disorders; Depression; Lithium; Mortality; Prevention; Suicide; Suicide attempt

Indexed keywords

AMITRIPTYLINE; CARBAMAZEPINE; LAMOTRIGINE; LITHIUM; PHENELZINE;

EID: 85047601485     PISSN: None     EISSN: 21947511     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1186/s40345-015-0032-2     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (122)

References (82)
  • 1
    • 85056036836 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • AFSP. Facts and figures. 2014 []. Accessed 07 June 2015
    • AFSP. Facts and figures. 2014 [http://www.afsp.org/understanding-suicide/facts-and-figures]. Accessed 07 June 2015.
  • 2
    • 0034921086 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does lithium exert an independent antisuicidal effect?
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXmt1agu7w%3D, PID: 11518473
    • Ahrens B, Müller-Oerlinghausen B. Does lithium exert an independent antisuicidal effect? Pharmacopsychiatry. 2001;34:132–6.
    • (2001) Pharmacopsychiatry , vol.34 , pp. 132-136
    • Ahrens, B.1    Müller-Oerlinghausen, B.2
  • 3
    • 22144474056 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Suicide in 406 mood-disorder patients with and without long-term medication: A 40 to 44 years’ follow-up
    • PID: 16020171
    • Angst J, Angst F, Gerber-Werder R, Gamma A. Suicide in 406 mood-disorder patients with and without long-term medication: a 40 to 44 years’ follow-up. Arch Suicide Res. 2005;9:279–300.
    • (2005) Arch Suicide Res , vol.9 , pp. 279-300
    • Angst, J.1    Angst, F.2    Gerber-Werder, R.3    Gamma, A.4
  • 4
    • 12944273302 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychiatric diagnoses in 3275 suicides: A meta-analysis
    • PID: 15527502
    • Arsenault-Lapierre G, Kim C, Turecki G. Psychiatric diagnoses in 3275 suicides: a meta-analysis. BMC Psychiatry. 2004;4:37.
    • (2004) BMC Psychiatry , vol.4 , pp. 37
    • Arsenault-Lapierre, G.1    Kim, C.2    Turecki, G.3
  • 5
    • 0032993716 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of lithium treatment and its discontinuation on suicidal behavior in bipolar manic-depressive disorders
    • COI: 1:STN:280:DyaK1M7ntFCjsg%3D%3D, PID: 10073392, discussion 111–6
    • Baldessarini RJ, Tondo L, Hennen J. Effects of lithium treatment and its discontinuation on suicidal behavior in bipolar manic-depressive disorders. J Clin Psychiatry. 1999;60 Suppl 2:77–84. discussion 111–6.
    • (1999) J Clin Psychiatry , vol.60 Suppl 2 , pp. 77-84
    • Baldessarini, R.J.1    Tondo, L.2    Hennen, J.3
  • 6
    • 33749995784 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decreased risk of suicides and attempts during long-term lithium treatment: A meta-analytic review
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28Xhtlans7vP, PID: 17042835
    • Baldessarini RJ, Tondo L, Davis P, Pompili M, Goodwin FK, Hennen J. Decreased risk of suicides and attempts during long-term lithium treatment: a meta-analytic review. Bipolar Disord. 2006;8:625–39.
    • (2006) Bipolar Disord , vol.8 , pp. 625-639
    • Baldessarini, R.J.1    Tondo, L.2    Davis, P.3    Pompili, M.4    Goodwin, F.K.5    Hennen, J.6
  • 7
    • 0015413360 scopus 로고
    • Suicide prevention, recurrent affective disorder and lithium
    • COI: 1:STN:280:DyaE3s%2Fhs1Cqsg%3D%3D, PID: 5077096
    • Barraclough B. Suicide prevention, recurrent affective disorder and lithium. Br J Psychiatry. 1972;121:391–2.
    • (1972) Br J Psychiatry , vol.121 , pp. 391-392
    • Barraclough, B.1
  • 8
    • 0033855704 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of the use of lithium to augment antidepressant medication in continuation treatment of unipolar major depression
    • COI: 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3cvktFCmtA%3D%3D, PID: 10964859
    • Bauer M, Bschor T, Kunz D, Berghöfer A, Ströhle A, Müller-Oerlinghausen B. Double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of the use of lithium to augment antidepressant medication in continuation treatment of unipolar major depression. Am J Psychiatry. 2000;157:1429–35.
    • (2000) Am J Psychiatry , vol.157 , pp. 1429-1435
    • Bauer, M.1    Bschor, T.2    Kunz, D.3    Berghöfer, A.4    Ströhle, A.5    Müller-Oerlinghausen, B.6
  • 10
    • 15444375304 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mortality follow-up of patients since commencing lithium therapy
    • PID: 15738760
    • Bocchetta A. Mortality follow-up of patients since commencing lithium therapy. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2005;25:197–9.
    • (2005) J Clin Psychopharmacol , vol.25 , pp. 197-199
    • Bocchetta, A.1
  • 11
    • 0031691243 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Suicidal behaviour on and off lithium prophylaxis in a group of patients with prior suicide attempts
    • COI: 1:STN:280:DyaK1M%2FgsVyitA%3D%3D, PID: 9790156
    • Bocchetta A, Ardau R, Burrai C, Chillotti C, Quesada G, Del Zompo M. Suicidal behaviour on and off lithium prophylaxis in a group of patients with prior suicide attempts. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 1998;18:384–9.
    • (1998) J Clin Psychopharmacol , vol.18 , pp. 384-389
    • Bocchetta, A.1    Ardau, R.2    Burrai, C.3    Chillotti, C.4    Quesada, G.5    Del Zompo, M.6
  • 12
    • 0034061423 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sixteen-year mortality in patients with affective disorder commenced on lithium
    • COI: 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3czpt1Wrsw%3D%3D, PID: 10912217
    • Brodersen A, Licht RW, Vestergaard P, Olesen AV, Mortensen PB. Sixteen-year mortality in patients with affective disorder commenced on lithium. Br J Psychiatry. 2000;176:429–33.
    • (2000) Br J Psychiatry , vol.176 , pp. 429-433
    • Brodersen, A.1    Licht, R.W.2    Vestergaard, P.3    Olesen, A.V.4    Mortensen, P.B.5
  • 13
    • 36048984116 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Twenty-five years of lithium augmentation
    • COI: 1:STN:280:DC%2BD2sjhsVKgug%3D%3D, PID: 17458527
    • Bschor T, Lewitzka U, Pfennig, Bauer M. Twenty-five years of lithium augmentation. Nervenarzt. 2007;78:1237–47.
    • (2007) Nervenarzt , vol.78 , pp. 1237-1247
    • Bschor, T.1    Lewitzka, U.2    Pfennig3    Bauer, M.4
  • 15
    • 0037389035 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychological autopsy studies of suicide: A systematic review
    • COI: 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3s7ot1GgsQ%3D%3D, PID: 12701661
    • Cavanagh JT, Carson AJ, Sharpe M, Lawrie SM. Psychological autopsy studies of suicide: a systematic review. Psychol Med. 2003;33:395–405.
    • (2003) Psychol Med , vol.33 , pp. 395-405
    • Cavanagh, J.T.1    Carson, A.J.2    Sharpe, M.3    Lawrie, S.M.4
  • 16
    • 18044387888 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lithium in the prevention of suicidal behaviour and all-cause mortality in patients with mood disorders: A systematic review of randomized trials
    • PID: 16199826
    • Cipriani A, Pretty H, Hawton K, Geddes JR. Lithium in the prevention of suicidal behaviour and all-cause mortality in patients with mood disorders: a systematic review of randomized trials. Am J Psychiatry. 2005;162:1805–19.
    • (2005) Am J Psychiatry , vol.162 , pp. 1805-1819
    • Cipriani, A.1    Pretty, H.2    Hawton, K.3    Geddes, J.R.4
  • 17
    • 84880125490 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lithium in the prevention of suicide in mood disorders: Updated systematic review and meta-analysis
    • PID: 23814104
    • Cipriani A, Hawton K, Stockton S, Geddes JR. Lithium in the prevention of suicide in mood disorders: updated systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ. 2013;346:f3646.
    • (2013) BMJ , vol.346 , pp. 3646
    • Cipriani, A.1    Hawton, K.2    Stockton, S.3    Geddes, J.R.4
  • 18
    • 39749094359 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Divalproex, lithium and suicide among Medicaid patients with bipolar disorder
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXislKktbw%3D, PID: 17707087
    • Collins JC, McFarland BH. Divalproex, lithium and suicide among Medicaid patients with bipolar disorder. J Affect Disord. 2008;107:23–8.
    • (2008) J Affect Disord , vol.107 , pp. 23-28
    • Collins, J.C.1    McFarland, B.H.2
  • 19
    • 84855345321 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The pharmacology of aggressive behavior: A translational approach: part 2: clinical studies using atypical antipsychotics, anticonvulsants, and lithium
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38Xjt1Cls7s%3D, PID: 22367663
    • Comai S, Tau M, Pavlovic Z, Gobbi G. The pharmacology of aggressive behavior: a translational approach: part 2: clinical studies using atypical antipsychotics, anticonvulsants, and lithium. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2012;32:237–60.
    • (2012) J Clin Psychopharmacol , vol.32 , pp. 237-260
    • Comai, S.1    Tau, M.2    Pavlovic, Z.3    Gobbi, G.4
  • 20
    • 85056048099 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Suizidale Handlungen in einer Kohorte 20-jähriger Lithiumbehandlungen. 3. Mitteldeutsche Psychiatrietage „Stand der Ursachen-und Therapieforschung bei psychischen Erkrankungen“, Abstract Bd., Magedeburg, 16.-17
    • Conell J, Just R, Felber W. Suizidale Handlungen in einer Kohorte 20-jähriger Lithiumbehandlungen. 3. Mitteldeutsche Psychiatrietage „Stand der Ursachen-und Therapieforschung bei psychischen Erkrankungen“, Abstract Bd., Magedeburg, 16.-17. März 2001, S.17
    • (2001) März , pp. 17
    • Conell, J.1    Just, R.2    Felber, W.3
  • 21
    • 0033939762 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lithium in unipolar depression and the prevention of suicide
    • Coppen A. Lithium in unipolar depression and the prevention of suicide. J Clin Psychiatry. 2000;9:52–6.
    • (2000) J Clin Psychiatry , vol.9 , pp. 52-56
    • Coppen, A.1
  • 25
    • 33744728310 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Definitions of suicidal behavior. Lessons learned from the WHO/EURO multicentre study
    • PID: 16642910
    • De Leo D, Burgis S, Bertolote JM, Kerkhof AJ, Bille-Brahe U. Definitions of suicidal behavior. Lessons learned from the WHO/EURO multicentre study. Crisis. 2006;27:4–15.
    • (2006) Crisis , vol.27 , pp. 4-15
    • De Leo, D.1    Burgis, S.2    Bertolote, J.M.3    Kerkhof, A.J.4    Bille-Brahe, U.5
  • 28
    • 0001979921 scopus 로고
    • Suizide und parasuizide während und außerhalb einer lithiumprophylaxe
    • Müller-Oerlinghausen B, Berghöfer A, (eds), Stuttgart, Georg Thieme Verlag
    • Felber W, Kyber A. Suizide und parasuizide während und außerhalb einer lithiumprophylaxe. In: Müller-Oerlinghausen B, Berghöfer A, editors. Ziele und Ergebnisse der medikamentösen Prophylaxe affektiver Psychosen. Georg Thieme Verlag: Stuttgart; 1994. p. 53–9.
    • (1994) Ziele und Ergebnisse der medikamentösen Prophylaxe affektiver Psychosen , pp. 53-59
    • Felber, W.1    Kyber, A.2
  • 29
    • 0017396416 scopus 로고
    • Clinical use of lithium in affective disorders
    • COI: 1:STN:280:DyaE2s7osVKruw%3D%3D, PID: 862530
    • Fieve RR. Clinical use of lithium in affective disorders. Drugs. 1977;13:458–66.
    • (1977) Drugs , vol.13 , pp. 458-466
    • Fieve, R.R.1
  • 31
    • 85056025336 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fülle M, Felber W, Israel M. Untersuchung zur Medikation im Vorfeld psychiatrischer Kliniksuizide. 3. Mitteldeutsche Psychiatrietage „Stand der Ursachen-und Therapieforschung bei psychischen Erkrankungen“, Magedeburg 16.-17.März 2001, Abstract-Bd., S. 14
    • Fülle M, Felber W, Israel M. Untersuchung zur Medikation im Vorfeld psychiatrischer Kliniksuizide. 3. Mitteldeutsche Psychiatrietage „Stand der Ursachen-und Therapieforschung bei psychischen Erkrankungen“, Magedeburg 16.-17.März 2001, Abstract-Bd., S. 14
  • 32
    • 77957359472 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BALANCE investigators and collaborators. Lithium plus valproate combination therapy versus monotherapy for relapse prevention in bipolar I disorder (BALANCE): A randomised open-label trial
    • PID: 20092882
    • Geddes JR, Goodwin GM, Rendell J, Azorin JM, Cipriani A, Ostacher MJ, et al. BALANCE investigators and collaborators. Lithium plus valproate combination therapy versus monotherapy for relapse prevention in bipolar I disorder (BALANCE): a randomised open-label trial. Lancet. 2010;375:385–95.
    • (2010) Lancet , vol.375 , pp. 385-395
    • Geddes, J.R.1    Goodwin, G.M.2    Rendell, J.3    Azorin, J.M.4    Cipriani, A.5    Ostacher, M.J.6    Morriss, R.7    Alder, N.8    Juszczak, E.9
  • 33
    • 84890709405 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lithium in the public water supply and suicide mortality in Greece
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3sXhsFaqtrnP, PID: 24072668
    • Giotakos O, Nisianakis P, Tsouvelas G, Giakalou VV. Lithium in the public water supply and suicide mortality in Greece. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2013;156:376–9.
    • (2013) Biol Trace Elem Res , vol.156 , pp. 376-379
    • Giotakos, O.1    Nisianakis, P.2    Tsouvelas, G.3    Giakalou, V.V.4
  • 35
    • 0141834950 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Suicide risk in bipolar disorder during treatment with lithium and divalproex
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXntlCmsLw%3D, PID: 13129986
    • Goodwin FK, Fireman B, Simon GE, Hunkeler EM, Lee J, Revicki D. Suicide risk in bipolar disorder during treatment with lithium and divalproex. JAMA. 2003;290:1467–73.
    • (2003) JAMA , vol.290 , pp. 1467-1473
    • Goodwin, F.K.1    Fireman, B.2    Simon, G.E.3    Hunkeler, E.M.4    Lee, J.5    Revicki, D.6
  • 39
    • 0027304561 scopus 로고
    • The challenge of predicting response to stabilising lithium treatment. The importance of patient selection
    • Grof P, Alda M, Grof E, Fox D, Cameron P. The challenge of predicting response to stabilising lithium treatment. The importance of patient selection. Br J Psychiatry. 1993;21:16–9.
    • (1993) Br J Psychiatry , vol.21 , pp. 16-19
    • Grof, P.1    Alda, M.2    Grof, E.3    Fox, D.4    Cameron, P.5
  • 41
    • 33947731833 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lithium treatment reduces suicide risk in recurrent major depressive disorder
    • PID: 17388706
    • Guzzetta F, Tondo L, Centorrino F, Baldessarini RJ. Lithium treatment reduces suicide risk in recurrent major depressive disorder. J Clin Psychiatry. 2007;68:380–3.
    • (2007) J Clin Psychiatry , vol.68 , pp. 380-383
    • Guzzetta, F.1    Tondo, L.2    Centorrino, F.3    Baldessarini, R.J.4
  • 42
    • 0021259104 scopus 로고
    • Suicidal activity of patients with affective disorders during the preventive use of lithium
    • COI: 1:STN:280:DyaL2c3ot1yktA%3D%3D, PID: 6467426
    • Hanus K, Zapletálek M. Suicidal activity of patients with affective disorders during the preventive use of lithium. Cesk Psychiatr. 1984;80:97–100.
    • (1984) Cesk Psychiatr , vol.80 , pp. 97-100
    • Hanus, K.1    Zapletálek, M.2
  • 43
    • 21744443415 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Suicide and attempted suicide in bipolar disorder: A systematic review of risk factors
    • PID: 15960561
    • Hawton K, Sutton L, Haw C, Sinclair J, Harriss L. Suicide and attempted suicide in bipolar disorder: a systematic review of risk factors. J Clin Psychiatry. 2005;66:693–704.
    • (2005) J Clin Psychiatry , vol.66 , pp. 693-704
    • Hawton, K.1    Sutton, L.2    Haw, C.3    Sinclair, J.4    Harriss, L.5
  • 44
    • 79955543768 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lithium in drinking water and suicide rates across the East of England
    • PID: 21525523
    • Kabacs N, Memon A, Obinwa T, Stochl J, Perez J. Lithium in drinking water and suicide rates across the East of England. Br J Psychiatry. 2011;198:406–7.
    • (2011) Br J Psychiatry , vol.198 , pp. 406-407
    • Kabacs, N.1    Memon, A.2    Obinwa, T.3    Stochl, J.4    Perez, J.5
  • 45
    • 0033972116 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mortality in 497 patients with affective disorders attending a lithium clinic or after having left it
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXitFaktbs%3D, PID: 10721878
    • Kallner G, Lindelius R, Petterson U, Stockman O, Tham A. Mortality in 497 patients with affective disorders attending a lithium clinic or after having left it. Pharmacopsychiatry. 2000;33:8–13.
    • (2000) Pharmacopsychiatry , vol.33 , pp. 8-13
    • Kallner, G.1    Lindelius, R.2    Petterson, U.3    Stockman, O.4    Tham, A.5
  • 49
    • 80053972290 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential pattern of response in mood symptoms and suicide risk measures in severely ill depressed patients assigned to citalopram with placebo or citalopram combined with lithium: Role of lithium levels
    • PID: 21752394
    • Khan A, Khan SR, Hobus J, Faucett J, Mehra V, Giller EL, et al. Differential pattern of response in mood symptoms and suicide risk measures in severely ill depressed patients assigned to citalopram with placebo or citalopram combined with lithium: role of lithium levels. J Psychiatr Res. 2011;45:1489–96.
    • (2011) J Psychiatr Res , vol.45 , pp. 1489-1496
    • Khan, A.1    Khan, S.R.2    Hobus, J.3    Faucett, J.4    Mehra, V.5    Giller, E.L.6    Rudolph, R.L.7
  • 50
    • 34548586765 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lithium augmentation compared with phenelzine in treatment-resistant depression in the elderly: An open randomized controlled trial
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXhtFSgur3O, PID: 17854241
    • Kok RM, Vink D, Heeren TJ, Nolen WA. Lithium augmentation compared with phenelzine in treatment-resistant depression in the elderly: an open randomized controlled trial. J Clin Psychiatry. 2007;68:1177–85.
    • (2007) J Clin Psychiatry , vol.68 , pp. 1177-1185
    • Kok, R.M.1    Vink, D.2    Heeren, T.J.3    Nolen, W.A.4
  • 51
    • 69649095792 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) clinical guidelines for the management of major depressive disorder in adults. III: Pharmacopsychiatry
    • Lam RW, Kennedy SH, Grigoriadis S, et al. Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) clinical guidelines for the management of major depressive disorder in adults. III: pharmacopsychiatry. J Affect Disord. 2009;117:26–43.
    • (2009) J Affect Disord , vol.117 , pp. 26-43
    • Lam, R.W.1    Kennedy, S.H.2    Grigoriadis, S.3
  • 53
    • 79956020090 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Potential peripheral biological predictors of suicidal behaviour in major depressive disorder
    • PID: 20708058
    • Lee B, Kim YK. Potential peripheral biological predictors of suicidal behaviour in major depressive disorder. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2010;35:842–7.
    • (2010) Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry , vol.35 , pp. 842-847
    • Lee, B.1    Kim, Y.K.2
  • 54
    • 77955672759 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lamotrigine versus lithium as maintenance treatment in bipolar I disorder: An open, randomized effectiveness study mimicking clinical practice. The 6th trial of the Danish University Antidepressant Group (DUAG-6)
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXhtFyqtbfN, PID: 20712749
    • Licht RW, Nielsen JN, Gram LF, Vestergaard P, Bendz H. Lamotrigine versus lithium as maintenance treatment in bipolar I disorder: an open, randomized effectiveness study mimicking clinical practice. The 6th trial of the Danish University Antidepressant Group (DUAG-6). Bipolar Disord. 2010;12:483–93.
    • (2010) Bipolar Disord , vol.12 , pp. 483-493
    • Licht, R.W.1    Nielsen, J.N.2    Gram, L.F.3    Vestergaard, P.4    Bendz, H.5
  • 56
    • 0021990471 scopus 로고
    • Fenfluramine stimulation of serum cortisol in patients with major affective disorders and healthy controls: Further evidence for a central serotonergic action of lithium in man
    • PID: 2984331
    • Mühlbauer HD, Müller-Oerlinghausen B. Fenfluramine stimulation of serum cortisol in patients with major affective disorders and healthy controls: further evidence for a central serotonergic action of lithium in man. J Neural Transm. 1985;61:81–94.
    • (1985) J Neural Transm , vol.61 , pp. 81-94
    • Mühlbauer, H.D.1    Müller-Oerlinghausen, B.2
  • 57
    • 77951968835 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lithium reduces pathological aggression and suicidality: A mini-review
    • PID: 20453534
    • Müller-Oerlinghausen B, Lewitzka U. Lithium reduces pathological aggression and suicidality: a mini-review. Neuropsychobiology. 2010;62:43–9.
    • (2010) Neuropsychobiology , vol.62 , pp. 43-49
    • Müller-Oerlinghausen, B.1    Lewitzka, U.2
  • 59
    • 0026731112 scopus 로고
    • Suicides and parasuicides in a high-risk patient group on and off lithium long-term medication
    • PID: 1430662
    • Müller-Oerlinghausen B, Müser-Causemann B, Volk J. Suicides and parasuicides in a high-risk patient group on and off lithium long-term medication. J Affect Disord. 1992b;25:261–9(b).
    • (1992) J Affect Disord , vol.25 , pp. 260-261
    • Müller-Oerlinghausen, B.1    Müser-Causemann, B.2    Volk, J.3
  • 60
    • 84868224643 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Commentary on a recent review of lithium toxicity: What are its implication for clinical practice?
    • PID: 23121772
    • Müller-Oerlinghausen B, Bauer M, Grof P. Commentary on a recent review of lithium toxicity: what are its implication for clinical practice? BMC Med. 2012;10:132.
    • (2012) BMC Med , vol.10 , pp. 132
    • Müller-Oerlinghausen, B.1    Bauer, M.2    Grof, P.3
  • 62
    • 0028873772 scopus 로고
    • Mortality in recurrent mood disorders during periods on and off lithium. A complete population study in 362 patients
    • COI: 1:STN:280:DyaK2M3msFKntQ%3D%3D, PID: 7746844
    • Nilsson A. Mortality in recurrent mood disorders during periods on and off lithium. A complete population study in 362 patients. Pharmacopsychiatry. 1995;28:8–13.
    • (1995) Pharmacopsychiatry , vol.28 , pp. 8-13
    • Nilsson, A.1
  • 63
    • 80053519869 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Absolute risk for suicide after first hospital contact in mental disorder
    • PID: 21969462
    • Nordentoft M, Mortensen PB, Pedersen CB. Absolute risk for suicide after first hospital contact in mental disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2011;68:1058–64.
    • (2011) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.68 , pp. 1058-1064
    • Nordentoft, M.1    Mortensen, P.B.2    Pedersen, C.B.3
  • 64
    • 75249093111 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Suicide attempts in bipolar I and bipolar II disorder: A review and meta-analysis of the evidence
    • PID: 20148862
    • Novick DM, Swartz HA, Frank E. Suicide attempts in bipolar I and bipolar II disorder: a review and meta-analysis of the evidence. Bipolar Disord. 2010;12:1–9.
    • (2010) Bipolar Disord , vol.12 , pp. 1-9
    • Novick, D.M.1    Swartz, H.A.2    Frank, E.3
  • 68
    • 84887992531 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • S3 guidelines on bipolar disorders are contemporary and important instruments for clinical practice
    • COI: 1:STN:280:DC%2BC3snlsFygsg%3D%3D, PID: 23695006
    • Pfennig A, Bauer M. S3 guidelines on bipolar disorders are contemporary and important instruments for clinical practice. Nervenarzt. 2013;84:874–5.
    • (2013) Nervenarzt , vol.84 , pp. 874-875
    • Pfennig, A.1    Bauer, M.2
  • 69
    • 0015662785 scopus 로고
    • Lithium carbonate and imipramine in prevention of affective episodes. A comparison in recurrent affective illness
    • COI: 1:STN:280:DyaE3s3jsVWjsw%3D%3D, PID: 4579507
    • Prien RF, Klett CJ, Caffey Jr EM. Lithium carbonate and imipramine in prevention of affective episodes. A comparison in recurrent affective illness. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1973a;29:420–5(a).
    • (1973) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.29 , pp. 420
    • Prien, R.F.1    Klett, C.J.2    Caffey, E.M.3
  • 70
    • 0015593001 scopus 로고
    • Prophylactic efficacy of lithium carbonate in manic-depressive illness. Report of the Veterans Administration and National Institute of Mental Health collaborative study group
    • COI: 1:STN:280:DyaE3s7islejsw%3D%3D, PID: 4569674
    • Prien RF, Caffey Jr EM, Klett CJ. Prophylactic efficacy of lithium carbonate in manic-depressive illness. Report of the Veterans Administration and National Institute of Mental Health collaborative study group. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1973b;28:337–41(b).
    • (1973) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.28 , pp. 330-337
    • Prien, R.F.1    Caffey, E.M.2    Klett, C.J.3
  • 72
    • 35848950202 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunological aspects in neurobiology of suicide: Elevated microglial density in schizophrenia and depression is associated with suicide
    • PID: 17174336
    • Steiner J, Bielau H, Brisch R, Danos P, Ullrich O, Mawrin C, et al. Immunological aspects in neurobiology of suicide: elevated microglial density in schizophrenia and depression is associated with suicide. J Psychiatr Res. 2008;42:151–7.
    • (2008) J Psychiatr Res , vol.42 , pp. 151-157
    • Steiner, J.1    Bielau, H.2    Brisch, R.3    Danos, P.4    Ullrich, O.5    Mawrin, C.6    Bernstein, H.G.7    Bogerts, B.8
  • 73
    • 84866275034 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bridging the gap between the immune and glutamate hypotheses of schizophrenia and major depression: Potential role of glial NMDA receptor modulators and impared blood–brain barrier integrity
    • PID: 21707463
    • Steiner J, Bogerts B, Sarnyai Z, Walter M, Gos T, Bernstein HG, et al. Bridging the gap between the immune and glutamate hypotheses of schizophrenia and major depression: potential role of glial NMDA receptor modulators and impared blood–brain barrier integrity. World J Biol Psychiatry. 2012;13:482–92.
    • (2012) World J Biol Psychiatry , vol.13 , pp. 482-492
    • Steiner, J.1    Bogerts, B.2    Sarnyai, Z.3    Walter, M.4    Gos, T.5    Bernstein, H.G.6    Myint, A.M.7
  • 75
    • 0031590702 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of lithium maintenance on suicidal behaviour in major mood disorders
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXmsFagsg%3D%3D, PID: 9616808
    • Tondo L, Jamison KR, Baldessarini RJ. Effect of lithium maintenance on suicidal behaviour in major mood disorders. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1997;836:339–51.
    • (1997) Ann N Y Acad Sci , vol.836 , pp. 339-351
    • Tondo, L.1    Jamison, K.R.2    Baldessarini, R.J.3
  • 76
    • 0026053717 scopus 로고
    • Five-year mortality in lithium-treated manic-depressive patients
    • COI: 1:STN:280:DyaK3M3isFensQ%3D%3D, PID: 1827474
    • Vestergaard P, Aagaard J. Five-year mortality in lithium-treated manic-depressive patients. J Affect Disord. 1991;21:33–8.
    • (1991) J Affect Disord , vol.21 , pp. 33-38
    • Vestergaard, P.1    Aagaard, J.2
  • 77
    • 84918808446 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lithium in drinking water and suicide prevention: A review of the evidence
    • Vita A, De Peri L, Sacchetti E. Lithium in drinking water and suicide prevention: a review of the evidence. Int Clin Psychotpharmacol. 2015;30:1–5.
    • (2015) Int Clin Psychotpharmacol , vol.30 , pp. 1-5
    • Vita, A.1    De Peri, L.2    Sacchetti, E.3
  • 78
    • 81755166023 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trial 144 Study Investigators. Continuation of quetiapine versus switching to placebo or lithium for maintenance treatment of bipolar I disorder (Trial 144: A randomized controlled study)
    • PID: 22054050
    • Weisler RH, Nolen WA, Neijber A, Hellqvist A, Paulsson B. Trial 144 Study Investigators. Continuation of quetiapine versus switching to placebo or lithium for maintenance treatment of bipolar I disorder (Trial 144: a randomized controlled study). J Clin Psychiatry. 2011;72:1452–64.
    • (2011) J Clin Psychiatry , vol.72 , pp. 1452-1464
    • Weisler, R.H.1    Nolen, W.A.2    Neijber, A.3    Hellqvist, A.4    Paulsson, B.5
  • 80
    • 84910039796 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • [http://www.who.int/mental_health/suicide-prevention/world_report_2014/en/]
    • WHO. Preventing suicide: a global imperative. 2014 [http://www.who.int/mental_health/suicide-prevention/world_report_2014/en/].
    • (2014) Preventing suicide: A global imperative
    • WHO1
  • 81
    • 0036065713 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prophylactic therapy with lithium in elderly patients with unipolar major depression
    • PID: 12112158
    • Wilkinson D, Holmes C, Woolford J, Stammers S, North J. Prophylactic therapy with lithium in elderly patients with unipolar major depression. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2002;17:619–22.
    • (2002) Int J Geriatr Psychiatry , vol.17 , pp. 619-622
    • Wilkinson, D.1    Holmes, C.2    Woolford, J.3    Stammers, S.4    North, J.5


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.