Lithium in the prevention of suicidal behavior and all-cause mortality in patients with mood disorders: A systematic review of randomized trials

American Journal of Psychiatry

Volumn 162, Issue 10, 2005, Pages 1805-1819

  Cipriani, Andrea ^b   Pretty, Heather ^b   Hawton, Keith ^b   Geddes, John R ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD   (United Kingdom)

^b NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AMITRIPTYLINE; CARBAMAZEPINE; FLUVOXAMINE; IMIPRAMINE; LAMOTRIGINE; LITHIUM; MAPROTILINE; MIANSERIN; NORTRIPTYLINE; PLACEBO; VALPROATE SEMISODIUM;

AUTOMUTILATION; CLINICAL TRIAL; COCHRANE LIBRARY; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; DEATH; DRUG EFFECT; FEMALE; HIGH RISK PATIENT; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MENTAL PATIENT; MOOD DISORDER; MORTALITY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; REVIEW; RISK BENEFIT ANALYSIS; SUICIDAL BEHAVIOR; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW;

CAUSE OF DEATH; CONFIDENCE INTERVALS; DATABASES, BIBLIOGRAPHIC; HUMANS; LITHIUM; MOOD DISORDERS; ODDS RATIO; PLACEBOS; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS; SUICIDE; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 18044387888     PISSN: 0002953X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.162.10.1805     Document Type: Review

References (49)

1. Harris EC, Barraclough B: Suicide as an outcome for mental disorders: a meta-analysis. Br J Psychiatry 1997; 170:205-228
2. Geddes JR, Carney SM, Davies C, Furukawa TA, Kupfer DJ, Frank E, Goodwin GM: Relapse prevention with antidepressant drug treatment in depressive disorders: a systematic review. Lancet 2003; 361:653-661
3. Geddes JR, Burgess S, Hawton K, Jamison K, Goodwin GM: Long-term lithium therapy for bipolar disorder: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Am J Psychiatry 2004; 161:217-222; correction, 161:1517
4. Baldessarini RJ, Tondo L, Hennen J: Lithium treatment and suicide risk in major affective disorders: update and new findings. J Clin Psychiatry 2003; 64(suppl 5):44-52
5. Goodwin FK, Fireman B, Simon GE, Hunkeler EM, Lee J, Revicki D: Suicide risk in bipolar disorder during treatment with lithium and divalproex. JAMA 2003; 290:1467-1473
6. Yerevanian BI, Koek RJ, Feusner JD: Pharmacotherapy and risk of suicidal behaviors among patients with bipolar disorder (letter). JAMA 2004; 291:939
7. Bowden C, Fawcett J: Pharmacotherapy and risk of suicidal behaviors among patients with bipolar disorder (letter). JAMA 2004; 291:939
8. Johnston SC: Identifying confounding by indication through blinded prospective review. Am J Epidemiol 2001; 154:276-284
9. Freemantle N, Calvert M, Wood J, Eastaugh J, Griffin C: Composite outcomes in randomized trials: greater precision but with greater uncertainty? JAMA 2003; 289:2554-2559
10. Meltzer HY, Alphs L, Green AI, Altamura AC, Anand R, Bertoldi A, Bourgeois M, Chouinard G, Islam MZ, Kane J, Krishnan R, Lindenmayer JP, Potkin S (International Suicide Prevention Trial Study Group): Clozapine treatment for suicidality in schizophrenia: International Suicide Prevention Trial (InterSePT). Arch Gen Psychiatry 2003; 60:82-91; correction, 60:735
11. Alderson P, Green S, Higgins JP: Cochrane Reviewers' Handbook 4.2.2 (updated December 2003), in The Cochrane Library, Issue 1, 2004. Chichester, UK, John Wiley & Sons, 2004
12. Sweeting MJ, Sutton AJ, Lambert PC: What to add to nothing? use and avoidance of continuity corrections in meta-analysis of sparse data. Stat Med 2004; 23:1351-1375
13. Stata Reference Manual: Release 7.0. College Station, Tex, Stata Corp, 2001
14. Baastrup PC, Poulsen JC, Schou M, Thomsen K, Amdisen A: Prophylactic lithium: double blind discontinuation in manic-depressive and recurrent-depressive disorders. Lancet 1970; 2: 326-330
15. Bowden CL, Calabrese JR, McElroy SL, Gyulai L, Wassef A, Petty F, Pope HG Jr, Chou JC, Keck PE Jr, Rhodes LJ, Swann AC, Hirschfeld RM, Wozniak PJ (Divalproex Maintenance Study Group): A randomized, placebo-controlled 12-month trial of divalproex and lithium in treatment of outpatients with bipolar I disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2000; 57:481-489
16. Bowden CL, Calabrese JR, Sachs G, Yatham LN, Asghar SA, Hompland M, Montgomery P, Earl N, Smoot TM, DeVeaugh-Geiss J (Lamictal 606 Study Group): A placebo-controlled 18-month trial of lamotrigine and lithium maintenance treatment in recently manic or hypomanic patients with bipolar I disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2003; 60:392-400; correction, 2004; 61: 680
17. Calabrese JR, Bowden CL, Sachs G, Yatham LN, Behnke K, Mehtonen OP, Montgomery P, Ascher J, Paska W, Earl N, DeVeaugh-Geiss J (Lamictal 605 Study Group): A placebo-controlled 18-month trial of lamotrigine and lithium maintenance treatment in recently depressed patients with bipolar I disorder. J Clin Psychiatry 2003; 64:1013-1024
18. Coppen A, Noguera R, Bailey J, Burns BH, Swani MS, Hare EH, Gardner R, Maggs R: Prophylactic lithium in affective disorders. Lancet 1971; 2:265-279
19. Coppen A, Montgomery SA, Gupta RK, Bailey JE: A double-blind comparison of lithium carbonate and maprotiline in the prophylaxis of the affective disorders. Br J Psychiatry 1976; 128: 479-485
20. Coppen A, Ghose K, Rao R, Bailey J, Peet M: Mianserin and lithium in the prophylaxis of depression. Br J Psychiatry 1978; 133: 206-210
21. Coppen A, Abou-Saleh MT, Milln P, Bailey J, Metcalfe M, Burns BH, Armond A: Lithium continuation therapy following electroconvulsive therapy. Br J Psychiatry 1981; 139:284-287
22. Coxhead N, Silverstone T, Cookson J: Carbamazepine versus lithium in the prophylaxis of bipolar affective disorder. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1992; 85:114-118
23. Cundall RL, Brooks PW, Murray LG: A controlled evaluation of lithium prophylaxis in affective disorders. Psychol Med 1972; 2:308-311
24. Dorus W, Ostrow DG, Anton R, Cushman P, Collins JF, Schaefer M, Charles HL, Desai P, Hayashida M, Malkerneker U, et al: Lithium treatment of depressed and nondepressed alcoholics. JAMA 1989; 262:1646-1652
25. Fieve RR, Kumbaraci T, Dunner DL: Lithium prophylaxis of depression in bipolar I, bipolar II, and unipolar patients. Am J Psychiatry 1976; 133:925-929
26. Franchini L, Gasperini M, Smeraldi E: A 24-month follow-up study of unipolar subjects: a comparison between lithium and fluvoxamine. J Affect Disord 1994; 32:225-231
27. Glen AI, Johnson AL, Shepherd M: Continuation therapy with lithium and amitriptyline in unipolar depressive illness: a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial. Psychol Med 1984; 14: 37-50
28. Greil W, Ludwig-Mayerhofer W, Erazo N, Engel RR, Czernik A, Giedke H, Muller-Oerlinghausen B, Osterheider M, Rudolf GA, Sauer H, Tegeler J, Weiterung T: Comparative efficacy of lithium and amitriptyline in the maintenance treatment of recurrent unipolar depression: a randomised study. J Affect Disord 1996; 40:179-190
29. Greil W, Ludwig-Mayerhofer W, Erazo N, Schochlin C, Schmidt S, Engel RR, Czernik A, Giedke H, Muller-Oerlinghausen B, Osterheider M, Rudolf GA, Sauer H, Tegeler J, Wetterling T: Lithium versus carbamazepine in the maintenance treatment of bipolar disorders-a randomised study. J Affect Disord 1997; 43: 151-161
30. Greil W, Ludwig-Mayerhofer W, Erazo N, Engel RR, Czernik A, Giedke H, Muller-Oerlinghausen B, Osterheider M, Rudolf GA, Sauer H, Tegeler J, Wetterling T: Lithium vs carbamazepine in the maintenance treatment of schizoaffective disorder, a randomised study. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 1997; 247: 42-50
31. Hardy BG, Shulman KI, Zucchero C: Gradual discontinuation of lithium augmentation in elderly patients with unipolar depression. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1997; 17:22-26
32. Hartong EG, Moleman P, Hoogduin CA, Broekman TG, Nolen WA: Prophylactic efficacy of lithium versus carbamazepine in treatment-naive bipolar patients. J Clin Psychiatry 2003; 64: 144-151
33. Hullin RP, McDonald R, Allsopp MN: Prophylactic lithium in recurrent affective disorders. Lancet 1972; 1:1044-1046
34. Kane JM, Quitkin FM, Rifkin A, Ramos L Jr, Nayak DD, Howard A: Lithium carbonate and imipramine in the prophylaxis of unipolar and bipolar II illness: a prospective, placebo-controlled comparison. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1982; 39:1065-1069
35. Laurell B, Ottosson JO: Prophylactic lithium? Lancet 1968; 2: 1245-1246
36. Lusznat RM, Murphy DP, Nunn CM: Carbamazepine vs lithium in the treatment and prophylaxis of mania. Br J Psychiatry 1988; 153:198-204
37. Melia PI: Prophylactic lithium: a double-blind trial in recurrent affective disorders. Br J Psychiatry 1970; 116:621-624
38. Placidi GF, Lenzi A, Lazzerini F, Cassano GB, Akiskal HS: The comparative efficacy and safety of carbamazepine versus lithium: a randomized, double-blind 3-year trial in 83 patients. J Clin Psychiatry 1986; 47:490-494
39. Prien RF, Klett CJ, Caffey EM Jr: Lithium carbonate and imipramine in prevention of affective episodes: a comparison in recurrent affective illness. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1973; 29:420-425
40. Prien RF, Caffey EM Jr, Klett CJ: Prophylactic efficacy of lithium carbonate in manic-depressive illness: report of the Veterans Administration and National Institute of Mental Health Collaborative Study Group. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1973; 28:337-341
41. Prien RF, Kupfer DJ, Mansky PA, Small JG, Tuason VB, Voss CB, Johnson WE: Drug therapy in the prevention of recurrences in unipolar and bipolar affective disorders: report of the NIMH Collaborative Study Group comparing lithium carbonate, imipramine, and a lithium carbonate-imipramine combination. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1984; 41:1096-1104
42. Sackeim HA, Haskett RF, Mulsant BH, Thase ME, Mann JJ, Pettinati HM, Greenberg RM, Crowe RR, Cooper TB, Prudic J: Continuation pharmacotherapy in the prevention of relapse following electroconvulsive therapy: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2001; 285:1299-1307
43. Simhandl C, Denk E, Thau K: The comparative efficacy of carbamazepine low and high serum level and lithium carbonate in the prophylaxis of affective disorders. J Affect Disord 1993; 28:221-231
44. Watkins SE, Callender K, Thomas DR, Tidmarsh SF, Shaw DM: The effect of carbamazepine and lithium on remission from affective illness. Br J Psychiatry 1987; 150:180-182
45. Wilkinson D, Holmes C, Woolford J, Stammers S, North J: Prophylactic therapy with lithium in elderly patients with unipolar major depression. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2002; 17:619-622
46. Egger M, Smith GD: Bias in location and selection of studies. BMJ 1998; 316:61-66
47. Montaner JS, O'Shaughnessy MV, Schechter MT: Industry-sponsored clinical research: a double-edged sword. Lancet 2002; 358:1893-1895
48. Goodwin GM: Evidence-based guidelines for treating bipolar disorder: recommendations from the British Association for Psychopharmacology. J Psychopharmacol 2003; 17:149-173
49. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control: Web-Based Injury Statistics Query and Reporting System (WISQARS), 2005. http://www. cdc.gov/ncipc/wisqars/default.htm