P3b, consciousness, and complex unconscious processing

Cortex

Volumn 73, Issue , 2015, Pages 216-227

  Silverstein, Brian H ^a   Snodgrass, Michael ^a   Shevrin, Howard ^a   Kushwaha, Ramesh ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

Author keywords

Consciousness; Oddball; P3b; Subliminal

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; BACKWARD MASKING; BRAIN REGION; CONSCIOUSNESS; EGO DEVELOPMENT; EVENT RELATED POTENTIAL; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; LATENT PERIOD; NORMAL HUMAN; PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS; SIGNAL DETECTION; SLOW BRAIN WAVE; ADOLESCENT; BRAIN; EVOKED RESPONSE; FEMALE; MALE; MENTAL FUNCTION; MIDDLE AGED; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PHYSIOLOGY; UNCONSCIOUSNESS; YOUNG ADULT;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; BRAIN; CONSCIOUSNESS; EVENT-RELATED POTENTIALS, P300; EVOKED POTENTIALS; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MENTAL PROCESSES; MIDDLE AGED; UNCONSCIOUSNESS; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 85047290194     PISSN: 00109452     EISSN: 19738102     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2015.09.004     Document Type: Article

References (57)

1. Armstrong A.M., Dienes Z. Subliminal understanding of negation: unconscious control by subliminal processing of word pairs. Consciousness and Cognition 2013, 22(3):1022-1040. 10.1016/j.concog.2013.06.010..
2. Armstrong A.M., Dienes Z. Subliminal understanding of active versus passive sentences. Psychology of Consciousness: Theory, Research, and Practice 2014, 1(1):32. 10.1037/css0000002..
3. Azizian A., Freitas A.L., Parvaz M.A., Squires N.K. Beware misleading cues: perceptual similarity modulates the N2/P3 complex. Psychophysiology 2006, 43(3):253-260. 10.1111/j.1469-8986.2006.00409.x..
4. Azizian A., Freitas A.L., Watson T.D., Squires N.K. Electrophysiological correlates of categorization: P300 amplitude as index of target similarity. Biological Psychology 2006, 71(3):278-288. 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2005.05.002..
5. Baars B.J. A cognitive theory of consciousness 1988, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge [Cambridgeshire].
6. Bennington J.Y., Polich J. Comparison of P300 from passive and active tasks for auditory and visual stimuli. International Journal of Psychophysiology 1999, 34(2):171-177. 10.1016/S0167-8760(99)00070-7..
7. Bernat E., Shevrin H., Snodgrass M. Subliminal visual oddball stimuli evoke a P300 component. Clinical Neurophysiology 2001, 112:159-171. 10.1016/S1388-2457(00)00445-4..
8. Block N. Paradox and cross purposes in recent work on consciousness. Cognition 2001, 79(1):197-219. 10.1016/S0010-0277(00)00129-3..
9. Boly M., Seth A.K., Wilke M., Ingmundson P., Baars B., Laureys S., et al. Consciousness in humans and non-human animals: recent advances and future directions. Frontiers in Psychology 2013, 4. 10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00625..
10. Brázdil M., Rektor I., Daniel P., Dufek M., Jurák P. Intracerebral event-related potentials to subthreshold starget stimuli. Clinical Neurophysiology 2001, 112:650-661. 10.1016/S1388-2457(01)00463-1..
11. Brázdil M., Rektor I., Dufek M., Jurák P., Daniel P. Effect of subthreshold target stimuli on ERPs. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology 1998, 107:64-68. 10.1016/S0013-4694(98)00038-8..
12. Dagenbach D., Carr T.H., Wilhelmsen A. Task-induced strategies and near-threshold priming: conscious influences on unconscious perception. Journal of Memory and Language 1989, 28(4):412-443. 10.1016/0749-596X(89)90020-X..
13. Dehaene S., Changeux J.P. Experimental and theoretical approaches to conscious processing. Neuron 2011, 70(2):200-227. 10.1016/j.neuron.2011.03.018..
14. Dehaene S., Naccache L. Towards a cognitive neuroscience of consciousness: basic evidence and a workspace framework. Cognition 2001, 79:1-37. 10.1016/s0010-0277(00)00123-2..
15. Del Cul A., Baillet S., Dehaene S. Brain dynamics underlying the nonlinear threshold for access to consciousness. PLoS Biology 2007, 5(10):e260. 10.1371/journal.pbio.0050260..
16. Delorme A., Makeig S. EEGLAB: an open source toolbox for analysis of single-trial EEG dynamics including independent component analysis. Journal of Neuroscience Methods 2004, 134(1):9-21. 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2003.10.009..
17. Devrim M., Demiralp T., Kurt A. The effects of subthreshold visual stimulation on P300 response. NeuroReport 1997, 8:3113-3117. 10.1097/00001756-199709290-00021..
18. Dien J. The ERP PCA Toolkit: an open source program for advanced statistical analysis of event-related potential data. Journal of Neuroscience Methods 2010, 187(1):138-145. 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2009.12.009..
19. Dien J. Evaluating two-step PCA of ERP data with Geomin, Infomax, Oblimin, Promax, and Varimax rotations. Psychophysiology 2010, 47(2010):170-183. 10.1111/j.1469-8986.2009.00885.x..
20. Dienes Z. How Bayesian statistics are needed to determine whether mental states are unconscious. Behavioural methods in consciousness research 2015, 199-220. Oxford University Press, Oxford. M. Overgaard (Ed.).
21. Dien J., Spencer K.M., Donchin E. Parsing the late positive complex: mental chronometry and the ERP components that inhabit the neighborhood of the P300. Psychophysiology 2004, 41(2004):665-678. 10.1111/j.1469-8986.2004.00193.x..
22. Donchin E. Surprise!...Surprise?. Psychophysiology 1981, 18:493-513. 10.1111/j.1469-8986.1981.tb01815.x..
23. Donchin E., Coles M.G. Is the P300 component a manifestation of context updating?. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 1988, 11(03):357-374. 10.1017/S0140525X00058027..
24. Ergenoglu T., Demiralp T., Bayraktaroglu Z., Ergen M., Beydagi H., Uresin Y. Alpha rhythm of the EEG modulates visual detection performance in humans. Brain Research Cognitive Brain Research 2004, 20(3):376-383. 10.1016/j.cogbrainres.2004.03.009..
25. Fisk G.D., Haase S.J. The relationship between the objective identification threshold and priming effects does not provide a definitive boundary between conscious and unconscious perceptual processes. Consciousness and Cognition 2011, 20(4):1221-1231. 10.1016/j.concog.2011.03.016..
26. Folstein J.R., Van Petten C. Influence of cognitive control and mismatch on the N2 component of the ERP: a review. Psychophysiology 2008, 45(1):152-170. 10.1111/j.1469-8986.2007.00602.x..
27. van Gaal S., De Lange F.P., Cohen M.X. The role of consciousness in cognitive control and decision making. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 2012, 6. MATLAB Release 2013b, The MathWorks, Inc., Natick, Massachusetts, United States. 10.3389/fnhum.2012.00121..
28. Gable P.A., Adams D.L. Nonaffective motivation modulates the sustained LPP (1,000-2,000 ms). Psychophysiology 2013, 50(12):1251-1254. 10.1111/psyp.12135..
29. Green D.M., Swets J.A. Signal detection theory and psychophysics 1966, Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, N.Y.
30. Greenwald A.G., Draine S.C., Abrams R.L. Three cognitive markers of unconscious semantic activation. Science 1996, 273:1699-1702. 10.1126/science.273.5282.1699..
31. Greenwald A.G., Klinger M.R., Liu T.J. Unconscious processing of dichoptically masked words. Memory & Cognition 1989, 17(1):35-47. 10.3758/BF03199555..
32. Haase S.J. A signal detection theory interpretation of "unconscious" perception (Doctoral dissertation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1994). Dissertation Abstracts International 1994, 55(06). 2422B-2422B.
33. Haase S.J., Fisk G. Confidence in word detection predicts word identification: implications for an unconscious perception paradigm. American Journal of Psychology 2001, 114(3):439-468. 10.2307/1423690..
34. Jung T.-P., Makeig S., Westerfield M., Townsend J., Courchesne E., Sejnowski T.J. Removal of eye activity artifacts from visual event-related potentials in normal and clinical subjects. Clinical Neurophysiology 2000, 111(10):1745-1758. 10.1016/S1388-2457(00)00386-2..
35. Kilner J.M. Bias in a common EEG and MEG statistical analysis and how to avoid it. Clinical Neurophysiology 2013, 124(10):2062-2063. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2013.04.016..
36. Kok A. On the utility of P3 amplitude as a measure of processing capacity. Psychophysiology 2001, 38:557-577. 10.1017/s0048577201990559..
37. Kouider S., Dehaene S. Levels of processing during non-conscious perception: a critical review of visual masking. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society London B: Biological Sciences 2007, 362(1481):857-875. 10.1098/rstb.2007.2093..
38. Lamy D., Salti M., Bar-Haim Y. Neural correlates of subjective awareness and unconscious processing: an ERP study. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 2009, 21(7):1435-1446. 10.1162/jocn.2009.21064..
39. Lau H. Volition and the functions of consciousness. Neuroscience Research 2009, 65. S28-S28. 10.1016/j.neures.2009.09.1652..
40. Luck S.J. Electrophysiological correlates of the focusing of attention within complex visual scenes: N2pc and related ERP components 2012, 329-360. The Oxford handbook of event-related potential components. 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195374148.013.0161..
41. Miller G. What is the biological basis of consciousness?. Science 2005, 309(5731):79. 10.1126/science.309.5731.79..
42. Naccache L., Blandin E., Dehaene S. Unconscious masked priming depends on temporal attention. Psychological Science 2002, 13:416-424. 10.1111/1467-9280.00474..
43. Polich J. Updating p300: an integrative theory of P3a and P3b. Clinical Neurophysiology 2007, 118:2128-2148. 10.1016/j.clinph.2007.04.019..
44. Polich J., Comerchero M.D. P3a from visual stimuli: typicality, task, and topography. Brain Topography 2003, 15(3):141-152. 10.1023/A:1022637732495..
45. Polich J., Margala C. P300 and probability: comparison of oddball and single-stimulus paradigms. International Journal of Psychophysiology 1997, 25(2):169-176. 10.1016/S0167-8760(96)00742-8..
46. Price M.C. Processing and awareness of masked stimuli 1990, University of Cambridge, Doctoral dissertation.
47. Railo H., Koivisto M., Revonsuo A. Tracking the processes behind conscious perception: a review of event-related potential correlates of visual consciousness. Consciousness and Cognition 2011, 20(3):972-983. 10.1016/j.concog.2011.03.019..
48. Revonsuo A. Inner presence: Consciousness as a biological phenomenon 2006, MIT Press.
49. Snodgrass M. Disambiguating conscious and unconscious influences: do exclusion paradigms demonstrate unconscious perception?. The American Journal of Psychology 2002, 115(4):545-579. 10.2307/1423527..
50. Snodgrass M., Bernat E., Shevrin H. Unconscious perception: a model-based approach to method and evidence. Perception & Psychophysics 2004, 66(5):846-867. 10.3758/BF03194978..
51. Snodgrass M., Kalaida N., Samuel Winer E. Access is mainly a second-order process: SDT models whether phenomenally (first-order) conscious states are accessed by reflectively (second-order) conscious processes. Consciousness and Cognition 2009, 18(2):561-564. 10.1016/j.concog.2009.01.003..
52. Snodgrass M., Shevrin H. Unconscious inhibition and facilitation at the objective detection threshold: replicable and qualitatively different unconscious perceptual effects. Cognition 2006, 101:43-79. 10.1016/j.cognition.2005.06.006..
53. Snodgrass M., Shevrin H., Abelson J.A. Extremely rigorous subliminal paradigms demonstrate unconscious influences on simple decisions. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 2014, 37(01):39-40. 10.1017/S0140525X13000848..
54. Spencer K., Dien J., Donchin E. Spatiotemporal analysis of the late ERP responses to deviant stimuli. Psychophysiology 2001, 38:343-358. 10.1111/1469-8986.3820343..
55. Squire L.R., Zola S.M. Memory, memory impairment, and the medial temporal lobe. Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology 1996, 61:185-195. 10.1101/SQB.1996.061.01.021..
56. Struber D., Polich J. P300 and slow wave from oddball and single-stimulus visual tasks: inter-stimulus interval effects. International Journal of Psychophysiology 2002, 45:187-196. 10.1016/s0167-8760(02)00071-5..
57. Wong P., Bernat E., Snodgrass M., Shevrin H. Event-related brain correlates of associative learning without awareness. International Journal of Psychophysiology 2004, 53(3):217-231. 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2004.04.003.