Inflammation in Complicated Pregnancy and Its Outcome

American Journal of Perinatology

Volumn 33, Issue 14, 2016, Pages 1337-1356

  Kalagiri, Ram R ^a,b   Carder, Timothy ^b   Choudhury, Saiara ^b   Vora, Niraj ^a,b   Ballard, Amie R ^a,b   Govande, Vinayak ^a,b   Drever, Nathan ^a,b   Beeram, Madhava R ^a,b   Uddin, M Nasir ^a,b  

^a SCOTT AND WHITE MEMORIAL HOSPITAL   (United States)

^b TEXAS A M COLLEGE OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

chemokines; cytokines; diabetes; inflammation; preeclampsia; pregnancy outcome; toll like receptor

Indexed keywords

15 HYDROXYPROSTAGLANDIN DEHYDROGENASE; 4 (4 FLUOROPHENYL) 2 (4 HYDROXYPHENYL) 5 (4 PYRIDYL)IMIDAZOLE; 5 (P FLUOROPHENYL) 2 UREIDO]THIOPHENE 3 CARBOXAMIDE; 6 (4 FLUOROPHENYL) 2,3 DIHYDRO 5 (4 PYRIDYL)IMIDAZO[2,1 B]THIAZOLE; ACTIVIN RECEPTOR LIKE KINASE 1; ADIPONECTIN; ANGIOTENSIN II; ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; BUFADIENOLIDE; BUFOGENIN; CD11B ANTIGEN; CD16 ANTIGEN; CD56 ANTIGEN; CHEMOKINE; CORTICOTROPIN RELEASING FACTOR; CXCL3 CHEMOKINE; CYTOKINE; DEXAMETHASONE; ESTROGEN; ETANERCEPT; FMS LIKE TYROSINE KINASE 1; GAMMA INTERFERON; GRANULOCYTE MACROPHAGE COLONY STIMULATING FACTOR; HIGH MOBILITY GROUP B1 PROTEIN; HYDROXYPROGESTERONE; IBUPROFEN; IMMUNOGLOBULIN ENHANCER BINDING PROTEIN; INFLIXIMAB; INTERLEUKIN 1; INTERLEUKIN 10; INTERLEUKIN 13; INTERLEUKIN 16; INTERLEUKIN 17; INTERLEUKIN 18; INTERLEUKIN 2; INTERLEUKIN 4; INTERLEUKIN 6; INTERSTITIAL COLLAGENASE; MAGNESIUM SULFATE; MARINOBUFAGENIN; MITOGEN ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE P38; MONOCYTE CHEMOTACTIC PROTEIN 1; MYELOID DIFFERENTIATION FACTOR 88; OXYTOCIN; PARTHENOLIDE; PATHOGEN ASSOCIATED MOLECULAR PATTERN; PATTERN RECOGNITION RECEPTOR; PEPTIDOGLYCAN; PLACENTAL GROWTH FACTOR; PRAVASTATIN; PROGESTERONE; RANTES; RELAXIN; SALAZOSULFAPYRIDINE; THYROTROPIN; TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR 1; TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR 10; TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR 2; TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR 3; TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR 4; TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR 5; TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR 6; TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR 7; TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR 8; TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR 9; TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR ADAPTOR MOLECULE 1; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR FOXP3; TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA ACTIVATED KINASE 1; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; UROCORTIN; UROKINASE; UROKINASE RECEPTOR; VASCULOTROPIN; HORMONE; TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR;

ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY; AMNIOCENTESIS; AMNIONITIS; ANGIOGENESIS; ARTICLE; AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE; BLASTOCYST; CD4+ T LYMPHOCYTE; CD8+ T LYMPHOCYTE; CHORIOAMNIONITIS; CHORIOAMNIOTIC MEMBRANE; CYTOKINE PRODUCTION; CYTOTROPHOBLAST; DENDRITIC CELL; ENDOMETRIUM; FETAL INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE SYNDROME; GESTATIONAL AGE; GESTATIONAL DIABETES; HUMAN; HUMORAL IMMUNITY; HYPERGLYCEMIA; IMMUNE FUNCTION TEST; IMMUNOLOGICAL TOLERANCE; IMMUNOLOGY; INFECTION; INFLAMMATION; INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE; INNATE IMMUNITY; INSULIN SENSITIVITY; INSULIN TREATMENT; INTERVENTION STUDY; INTRAUTERINE GROWTH RETARDATION; LYMPHOCYTE PROLIFERATION; MACROPHAGE ACTIVATION; MACROPHAGE MIGRATION; MAPK SIGNALING; MATERNAL OBESITY; MORTALITY; MYOMETRIUM; NEUTROPHIL CHEMOTAXIS; NONHUMAN; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; PERIPHERAL BLOOD MONONUCLEAR CELL; PREECLAMPSIA; PREGNANCY; PREMATURE LABOR; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; PROTEIN PHOSPHORYLATION; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL (TOPIC); RECURRENT ABORTION; REGULATORY T LYMPHOCYTE; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; SPONTANEOUS ABORTION; SYNCYTIOTROPHOBLAST; SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS; TROPHOBLAST; UPREGULATION; CELLULAR IMMUNITY; FEMALE; METABOLISM; NEWBORN; OBESITY; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PREGNANCY COMPLICATION; PREGNANCY DIABETES MELLITUS; PREGNANCY OUTCOME; PREMATURITY;

CHEMOKINES; DIABETES, GESTATIONAL; FEMALE; FETAL GROWTH RETARDATION; HORMONES; HUMANS; IMMUNITY, CELLULAR; IMMUNITY, INNATE; INFANT, NEWBORN; INFLAMMATION; OBESITY; PRE-ECLAMPSIA; PREGNANCY; PREGNANCY COMPLICATIONS; PREGNANCY OUTCOME; PREMATURE BIRTH; TOLL-LIKE RECEPTORS;

EID: 85041766977     PISSN: 07351631     EISSN: 10988785     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1582397     Document Type: Article

References (130)

1. Gotsch F., Romero R., Kusanovic J. P., et al. The fetal inflammatory response syndrome. Clin Obstet Gynecol: 2007; 50 3 652 683
2. Romero R., Espinoza J., Gonçalves L. F., Kusanovic J. P., Friel L., Hassan S. The role of inflammation and infection in preterm birth. Semin Reprod Med: 2007; 25 1 21 39
3. Pařízek A., Koucký M., Dušková M. Progesterone, inflammation and preterm labor. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol: 2014; 139 159 165
4. Cotechini T., Graham C. H. Aberrant maternal inflammation as a cause of pregnancy complications: A. potential therapeutic target? Placenta: 2015; 36 8 960 966
5. Challis J. RG, Matthews S. G., Gibb W., Lye S. J. Endocrine and paracrine regulation of birth at term and preterm. Endocr Rev: 2000; 21 5 514 550
6. Challis J. R., Lockwood C. J., Myatt L., Norman J. E., Strauss J. F. III, Petraglia F. Inflammation and pregnancy. Reprod Sci: 2009; 16 2 206 215
7. Torabi F., Akbari S. AA, Amiri S., Soleimani F., Majd H. A. Correlation between high-risk pregnancy and developmental delay in children aged 4-60 months. Libyan J Med: 2012; 7
8. Kim C. Maternal outcomes and follow-up after gestational diabetes mellitus. Diabet Med: 2014; 31 3 292 301
9. Stevenson L. Exercise in pregnancy. Part 1: update on pathophysiology. Can Fam Physician: 1997; 43 97 104
10. Eskenazi B., Castorina R. Association of prenatal maternal or postnatal child environmental tobacco smoke exposure and neurodevelopmental and behavioral problems in children. Environ Health Perspect: 1999; 107 12 991 1000
11. Blanc A. K., Winfrey W., Ross J. New findings for maternal mortality age patterns: A.ggregated results for 38 countries. PLoS ONE: 2013; 8 4 e59864
12. Denison F. C., Roberts K. A., Barr S. M., Norman J. E. Obesity, pregnancy, inflammation, and vascular function. Reproduction: 2010; 140 3 373 385
13. Sykes L., MacIntyre D. A., Yap X. J., Ponnampalam S., Teoh T. G., Bennett P. R. Changes in the Th1:Th2 cytokine bias in pregnancy and the effects of the anti-inflammatory cyclopentenone prostaglandin 15-deoxy-Δ(12,14)-prostaglandin J2. Mediators Inflamm: 2012; 2012 416739
14. Mor G., Cardenas I., Abrahams V., Guller S. Inflammation and pregnancy: The role of the immune system at the implantation site. Ann N Y Acad Sci: 2011; 1221 80 87
15. Sykes L., MacIntyre D. A., Yap X. J., Teoh T. G., Bennett P. R. The Th1:th2 dichotomy of pregnancy and preterm labour. Mediators Inflamm: 2012; 2012 967629
16. Saito S., Nakashima A., Shima T., Ito M. Th1/Th2/Th17 and regulatory T-cell paradigm in pregnancy. Am J Reprod Immunol: 2010; 63 6 601 610
17. Dekel N., Gnainsky Y., Granot I., Mor G. Inflammation and implantation. Am J Reprod Immunol: 2010; 63 1 17 21
18. Mor G. Inflammation and pregnancy: The role of toll-like receptors in trophoblast-immune interaction. Ann N Y Acad Sci: 2008; 1127 121 128
19. Shynlova O., Lee Y. H., Srikhajon K., Lye S. J. Physiologic uterine inflammation and labor onset: integration of endocrine and mechanical signals. Reprod Sci: 2013; 20 2 154 167
20. Hoang M., Potter J. A., Gysler S. M., et al. Human fetal membranes generate distinct cytokine profiles in response to bacterial Toll-like receptor and nod-like receptor agonists. Biol Reprod: 2014; 90 2 39
21. Bates M. D., Quenby S., Takakuwa K., Johnson P. M., Vince G. S. Aberrant cytokine production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells in recurrent pregnancy loss? Hum Reprod: 2002; 17 9 2439 2444
22. Adams Waldorf K. M., Nelson J. L. Autoimmune disease during pregnancy and the microchimerism legacy of pregnancy. Immunol Invest: 2008; 37 5 631 644
23. McCracken S. A., Drury C. L., Lee H. S., Morris J. M. Pregnancy is associated with suppression of the nuclear factor kappaB/IkappaB activation pathway in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. J Reprod Immunol: 2003; 58 1 27 47
24. Warning J. C., McCracken S. A., Morris J. M. A balancing act: mechanisms by which the fetus avoids rejection by the maternal immune system. Reproduction: 2011; 141 6 715 724
25. Mor G., Cardenas I. The immune system in pregnancy: A. unique complexity. Am J Reprod Immunol: 2010; 63 6 425 433
26. Fest S., Aldo P. B., Abrahams V. M., et al. Trophoblast-macrophage interactions: A. regulatory network for the protection of pregnancy. Am J Reprod Immunol: 2007; 57 1 55 66
27. Haider S., Knöfler M. Human tumour necrosis factor: physiological and pathological roles in placenta and endometrium. Placenta: 2009; 30 2 111 123
28. Cotechini T., Komisarenko M., Sperou A., Macdonald-Goodfellow S., Adams M. A., Graham C. H. Inflammation in rat pregnancy inhibits spiral artery remodeling leading to fetal growth restriction and features of preeclampsia. J Exp Med: 2014; 211 1 165 179
29. Patni S., Wynen L. P., Seager A. L., Morgan G., White J. O., Thornton C. A. Expression and activity of Toll-like receptors 1-9 in the human term placenta and changes associated with labor at term. Biol Reprod: 2009; 80 2 243 248
30. Dabagh-Gorjani F., Anvari F., Zolghadri J., Kamali-Sarvestani E., Gharesi-Fard B. Differences in the expression of TLRs and inflammatory cytokines in pre-eclamptic compared with healthy pregnant women. Iran J Immunol: 2014; 11 4 233 245
31. Zhou L., Li R., Wang R., Huang H. X., Zhong K. Local injury to the endometrium in controlled ovarian hyperstimulation cycles improves implantation rates. Fertil Steril: 2008; 89 5 1166 1176
32. Zhang S., Kong S., Lu J., et al. Deciphering the molecular basis of uterine receptivity. Mol Reprod Dev: 2013; 80 1 8 21
33. Hanna J., Goldman-Wohl D., Hamani Y., et al. Decidual NK cells regulate key developmental processes at the human fetal-maternal interface. Nat Med: 2006; 12 9 1065 1074
34. Nagamatsu T., Schust D. J. The contribution of macrophages to normal and pathological pregnancies. Am J Reprod Immunol: 2010; 63 6 460 471
35. Shynlova O., Tsui P., Dorogin A., Lye S. J. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (CCL-2) integrates mechanical and endocrine signals that mediate term and preterm labor. J Immunol: 2008; 181 2 1470 1479
36. Plaks V., Birnberg T., Berkutzki T., et al. Uterine DCs are crucial for decidua formation during embryo implantation in mice. J Clin Invest: 2008; 118 12 3954 3965
37. Birnberg T., Plaks V., Berkutzki T., et al. Dendritic cells are crucial for decidual development during embryo implantation. Am J Reprod Immunol: 2007; 57 342
38. Uddin M. N., Horvat D., Jones R. O., et al. Suppression of aldosterone and progesterone in preeclampsia. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med: 2015; 28 11 1 6
39. Chatterjee P., Chiasson V. L., Bounds K. R., Mitchell B. M. Regulation of the anti-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-4 and interleukin-10 during pregnancy. Front Immunol: 2014; 5 253
40. Romero R., Durum S. K., Dinarello C. A., et al. Interleukin-1: A. signal for the initiation of labor in chorioamnionitis. Paper presented at: 33rd Annual Meeting for the Society for Gynecologic Investigation; 1986; Toronto, Canada
41. Romero R., Mazor M., Tartakovsky B. Systemic administration of interleukin-1 induces preterm parturition in mice. Am J Obstet Gynecol: 1991; 165 4, Pt 1 969 971
42. Romero R., Tartakovsky B. The natural interleukin-1 receptor antagonist prevents interleukin-1-induced preterm delivery in mice. Am J Obstet Gynecol: 1992; 167 4, Pt 1 1041 1045
43. Ng P. Y., Ireland D. J., Keelan J. A. Drugs to block cytokine signaling for the prevention and treatment of inflammation-induced preterm birth. Front Immunol: 2015; 6 166
44. Kiprono L. V., Wallace K., Moseley J., Martin J., LaMarca B. Progesterone blunts vascular endothelial cell secretion of endothelin-1 in response to placental ischemia. Am J Obstet Gynecol: 2013; 209 44.e1 44.e6
45. Lamarca B. The role of immune activation in contributing to vascular dysfunction and the pathophysiology of hypertension during preeclampsia. Minerva Ginecol: 2010; 62 2 105 120
46. Norwitz E. R., Caughey A. B. Progesterone supplementation and the prevention of preterm birth. Rev Obstet Gynecol: 2011; 4 2 60 72
47. Keelan J. A. Pharmacological inhibition of inflammatory pathways for the prevention of preterm birth. J Reprod Immunol: 2011; 88 2 176 184
48. De Silva D., Mitchell M. D., Keelan J. A. Inhibition of choriodecidual cytokine production and inflammatory gene expression by selective I-kappaB kinase (IKK) inhibitors. Br J Pharmacol: 2010; 160 7 1808 1822
49. Bain J., Plater L., Elliott M., et al. The selectivity of protein kinase inhibitors: A. further update. Biochem J: 2007; 408 3 297 315
50. Galinsky R., Polglase G. R., Hooper S. B., Black M. J., Moss T. J. The consequences of chorioamnionitis: preterm birth and effects on development. J Pregnancy: 2013; 2013 412831
51. Gomez R., Romero R., Ghezzi F., Yoon B. H., Mazor M., Berry S. M. The fetal inflammatory response syndrome. Am J Obstet Gynecol: 1998; 179 1 194 202
52. Cohen J., Ghezzi F., Romero R., et al. GRO alpha in the fetomaternal and amniotic fluid compartments during pregnancy and parturition. Am J Reprod Immunol: 1996; 35 1 23 29
53. Yüce O., Biçer O. S., Kavuncuoǧlu S., Ozelgün B., Ongüt C. Prematurity, infection, mortality, morbidity and interleukins: The reason or the result of preterm labor? Minerva Pediatr: 2014; 66 6 563 570
54. Urakubo A., Jarskog L. F., Lieberman J. A., Gilmore J. H. Prenatal exposure to maternal infection alters cytokine expression in the placenta, amniotic fluid, and fetal brain. Schizophr Res: 2001; 47 1 27 36
55. Romero R., Miranda J., Chaiworapongsa T., et al. Prevalence and clinical significance of sterile intra-amniotic inflammation in patients with preterm labor and intact membranes. Am J Reprod Immunol: 2014; 72 5 458 474
56. Bryant-Greenwood G. D., Kern A., Yamamoto S. Y., Sadowsky D. W., Novy M. J. Relaxin and the human fetal membranes. Reprod Sci: 2007; 14 (8, Suppl): 42 45
57. Combs C. A., Gravett M., Garite T. J., et al. ProteoGenix/Obstetrix Collaborative Research Network. Amniotic fluid infection, inflammation, and colonization in preterm labor with intact membranes. Am J Obstet Gynecol: 2014; 210 2 125.e1 125.e15
58. Zhou C. C., Zhang Y., Irani R. A., et al. Angiotensin receptor agonistic autoantibodies induce pre-eclampsia in pregnant mice. Nat Med: 2008; 14 8 855 862
59. Lamarca B., Brewer J., Wallace K. IL-6-induced pathophysiology during pre-eclampsia: potential therapeutic role for magnesium sulfate? Int J Interferon Cytokine Mediat Res: 2011; 2011 3 59 64
60. Xia Y., Kellems R. E. Angiotensin receptor agonistic autoantibodies and hypertension: preeclampsia and beyond. Circ Res: 2013; 113 1 78 87
61. Redman C. W., Sargent I. L. Pre-eclampsia, the placenta and the maternal systemic inflammatory response-a review. Placenta: 2003; 24 (Suppl A): S21 S27
62. Lamarca B., Speed J., Ray L. F., et al. Hypertension in response to IL-6 during pregnancy: role of AT1-receptor activation. Int J Interferon Cytokine Mediat Res: 2011; 2011 3 65 70
63. Brewer J., Liu R., Lu Y., et al. Endothelin-1, oxidative stress, and endogenous angiotensin II: mechanisms of angiotensin II type I receptor autoantibody-enhanced renal and blood pressure response during pregnancy. Hypertension: 2013; 62 5 886 892
64. Xia Y., Kellems R. E. Is preeclampsia an autoimmune disease? Clin Immunol: 2009; 133 1 1 12
65. Zhou C. C., Ahmad S., Mi T., et al. Autoantibody from women with preeclampsia induces soluble Fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 production via angiotensin type 1 receptor and calcineurin/nuclear factor of activated T-cells signaling. Hypertension: 2008; 51 4 1010 1019
66. Bergmann A., Ahmad S., Cudmore M., et al. Reduction of circulating soluble Flt-1 alleviates preeclampsia-like symptoms in a mouse model. J Cell Mol Med: 2010; 14 (6B) 1857 1867
67. Dechend R., Homuth V., Wallukat G., et al. AT(1) receptor agonistic antibodies from preeclamptic patients cause vascular cells to express tissue factor. Circulation: 2000; 101 20 2382 2387
68. Lin S., Leonard D., Co M. A., et al. Pre-eclampsia has an adverse impact on maternal and fetal health. Transl Res: 2015; 165 4 449 463
69. Warrington J. P., George E. M., Palei A. C., Spradley F. T., Granger J. P. Recent advances in the understanding of the pathophysiology of preeclampsia. Hypertension: 2013; 62 4 666 673
70. Siddiqui A. H., Irani R. A., Blackwell S. C., Ramin S. M., Kellems R. E., Xia Y. Angiotensin receptor agonistic autoantibody is highly prevalent in preeclampsia: correlation with disease severity. Hypertension: 2010; 55 2 386 393
71. Jensen F., Wallukat G., Herse F., et al. CD19+CD5+ cells as indicators of preeclampsia. Hypertension: 2012; 59 4 861 868
72. Skinner S. L., Lumbers E. R., Symonds E. M. Analysis of changes in the renin-angiotensin system during pregnancy. Clin Sci: 1972; 42 4 479 488
73. Brown M. A., Zammit V. C., Mitar D. A., Whitworth J. A. Renin-aldosterone relationships in pregnancy-induced hypertension. Am J Hypertens: 1992; 5 6, Pt 1 366 371
74. Symonds E. M., Broughton Pipkin F., Craven D. J. Changes in the renin-angiotensin system in primigravidae with hypertensive disease of pregnancy. Br J Obstet Gynaecol: 1975; 82 8 643 650
75. Abdul-Karim R., Assalin S. Pressor response to angiotonin in pregnant and nonpregnant women. Am J Obstet Gynecol: 1961; 82 246 251
76. Cooper A. C., Robinson G., Vinson G. P., Cheung W. T., Broughton Pipkin F. The localization and expression of the renin-angiotensin system in the human placenta throughout pregnancy. Placenta: 1999; 20 5-6 467 474
77. Nielsen A. H., Schauser K. H., Poulsen K. Current topic: The uteroplacental renin-angiotensin system. Placenta: 2000; 21 5-6 468 477
78. Morgan T., Craven C., Ward K. Human spiral artery renin-angiotensin system. Hypertension: 1998; 32 4 683 687
79. Li C., Ansari R., Yu Z., Shah D. Definitive molecular evidence of renin-angiotensin system in human uterine decidual cells. Hypertension: 2000; 36 2 159 164
80. Uddin M. N., Agunanne E., Horvat D., Puschett J. B. Alterations in the renin-angiotensin system in a rat model of human preeclampsia. Am J Nephrol: 2010; 31 2 171 177
81. Uddin M. N., Allen S. R., Jones R. O., Zawieja D. C., Kuehl T. J. Pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia: marinobufagenin and angiogenic imbalance as biomarkers of the syndrome. Transl Res: 2012; 160 2 99 113
82. Brar H. S., Kjos S. L., Dougherty W., Do Y. S., Tam H. B., Hsueh W. A. Increased fetoplacental active renin production in pregnancy-induced hypertension. Am J Obstet Gynecol: 1987; 157 2 363 367
83. Leung P. S., Tsai S. J., Wallukat G., Leung T. N., Lau T. K. The upregulation of angiotensin II receptor AT(1) in human preeclamptic placenta. Mol Cell Endocrinol: 2001; 184 1-2 95 102
84. Ito M., Itakura A., Ohno Y., et al. Possible activation of the renin-angiotensin system in the feto-placental unit in preeclampsia. J Clin Endocrinol Metab: 2002; 87 4 1871 1878
85. Cawyer C. R., Horvat D., Leonard D., et al. Hyperglycemia impairs cytotrophoblast function via stress signaling. Am J Obstet Gynecol: 2014; 211 5 541.e1 541.e8
86. Bagrov A. Y., Shapiro J. I., Fedorova O. V. Endogenous cardiotonic steroids: physiology, pharmacology, and novel therapeutic targets. Pharmacol Rev: 2009; 61 1 9 38
87. Bagrov A. Y., Fedorova O. V. Effects of two putative endogenous digitalis-like factors, marinobufagenin and ouabain, on the Na+, K+-pump in human mesenteric arteries. J Hypertens: 1998; 16 12, Pt 2 1953 1958
88. Uddin M. N., Horvat D., Glaser S. S., Mitchell B. M., Puschett J. B. Examination of the cellular mechanisms by which marinobufagenin inhibits cytotrophoblast function. J Biol Chem: 2008; 283 26 17946 17953
89. LaMarca H. L., Morris C. A., Pettit G. R., Nagowa T., Puschett J. B. Marinobufagenin impairs first trimester cytotrophoblast differentiation. Placenta: 2006; 27 9-10 984 988
90. Norwitz E. R., Schust D. J., Fisher S. J. Implantation and the survival of early pregnancy. N Engl J Med: 2001; 345 19 1400 1408
91. Roberts J. M., Taylor R. N., Musci T. J., Rodgers G. M., Hubel C. A., McLaughlin M. K. Preeclampsia: A.n endothelial cell disorder. Am J Obstet Gynecol: 1989; 161 5 1200 1204
92. Uddin M. N., Horvat D., Glaser S. S., et al. Marinobufagenin inhibits proliferation and migration of cytotrophoblast and CHO cells. Placenta: 2008; 29 3 266 273
93. Agunanne E. E., Uddin M. N., Horvat D., Puschett J. B. Contribution of angiogenic factors in a rat model of pre-eclampsia. Am J Nephrol: 2010; 32 4 332 339
94. Uddin M. N., McLean L. B., Hunter F. A., et al. Vascular leak in a rat model of preeclampsia. Am J Nephrol: 2009; 30 1 26 33
95. Uddin M. N., Horvat D., Childs E. W., Puschett J. B. Marinobufagenin causes endothelial cell monolayer hyperpermeability by altering apoptotic signaling. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol: 2009; 296 6 R1726 R1734
96. Ehrig J. C., Horvat D., Allen S. R., Jones R. O., Kuehl T. J., Uddin M. N. Cardiotonic steroids induce anti-angiogenic and anti-proliferative profiles in first trimester extravillous cytotrophoblast cells. Placenta: 2014; 35 11 932 936
97. Steegers E. A., von Dadelszen P., Duvekot J. J., Pijnenborg R. Pre-eclampsia. Lancet: 2010; 376 9741 631 644
98. Hunter A., Aitkenhead M., Caldwell C., McCracken G., Wilson D., McClure N. Serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor in preeclamptic and normotensive pregnancy. Hypertension: 2000; 36 6 965 969
99. Staff A. C., Dechend R., Redman C. W. Review: preeclampsia, acute atherosis of the spiral arteries and future cardiovascular disease: Two new hypotheses. Placenta: 2013; 34 (Suppl): S73 S78
100. Backes C. H., Markham K., Moorehead P., Cordero L., Nankervis C. A., Giannone P. J. Maternal preeclampsia and neonatal outcomes. J Pregnancy: 2011; 2011 214365
101. Segovia S. A., Vickers M. H., Gray C., Reynolds C. M. Maternal obesity, inflammation, and developmental programming. Biomed Res Int: 2014; 2014 418975
102. Challier J. C., Basu S., Bintein T., et al. Obesity in pregnancy stimulates macrophage accumulation and inflammation in the placenta. Placenta: 2008; 29 3 274 281
103. Wolf M., Sauk J., Shah A., et al. Inflammation and glucose intolerance: A. prospective study of gestational diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care: 2004; 27 1 21 27
104. Ramsay J. E., Ferrell W. R., Crawford L., Wallace A. M., Greer I. A., Sattar N. Maternal obesity is associated with dysregulation of metabolic, vascular, and inflammatory pathways. J Clin Endocrinol Metab: 2002; 87 9 4231 4237
105. Roberts K. A., Riley S. C., Reynolds R. M., et al. Placental structure and inflammation in pregnancies associated with obesity. Placenta: 2011; 32 3 247 254
106. Uddin M. N., Beeram M. R., Kuehl T. J. Diabetes mellitus and preeclampsia. Med J Obstet Gynecol: 2013; 1 3 1016
107. Suwaki N., Masuyama H., Masumoto A., Takamoto N., Hiramatsu Y. Expression and potential role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma in the placenta of diabetic pregnancy. Placenta: 2007; 28 4 315 323
108. Vrachnis N., Belitsos P., Sifakis S., et al. Role of adipokines and other inflammatory mediators in gestational diabetes mellitus and previous gestational diabetes mellitus. Int J Endocrinol: 2012; 2012 549748
109. Crowther C. A., Hiller J. E., Moss J. R., McPhee A. J., Jeffries W. S., Robinson J. S. Australian Carbohydrate Intolerance Study in Pregnant Women (ACHOIS) Trial Group. Effect of treatment of gestational diabetes mellitus on pregnancy outcomes. N Engl J Med: 2005; 352 24 2477 2486
110. Xu J., Zhao Y. H., Chen Y. P., et al. Maternal circulating concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, leptin, and adiponectin in gestational diabetes mellitus: A. systematic review and meta-analysis. ScientificWorldJournal: 2014; 2014 926932
111. Miehle K., Stepan H., Fasshauer M. Leptin, adiponectin and other adipokines in gestational diabetes mellitus and pre-eclampsia. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf): 2012; 76 1 2 11
112. Mrizak I., Arfa A., Fekih M., et al. Inflammation and impaired endothelium-dependant vasodilatation in non obese women with gestational diabetes mellitus: preliminary results. Lipids Health Dis: 2013; 12 93
113. Zen M., Ghirardello A., Iaccarino L., et al. Hormones, immune response, and pregnancy in healthy women and SLE patients. Swiss Med Wkly: 2010; 140 13-14 187 201
114. de Jesus G. R., Mendoza-Pinto C., de Jesus N. R., et al. Understanding and managing pregnancy in patients with lupus. Autoimmune Dis: 2015; 2015 943490
115. Jara L. J., Medina G., Cruz-Dominguez P., Navarro C., Vera-Lastra O., Saavedra M. A. Risk factors of systemic lupus erythematosus flares during pregnancy. Immunol Res: 2014; 60 2-3 184 192
116. Chan G. W., Mandel S. J. Therapy insight: management of Graves' disease during pregnancy. Nat Clin Pract Endocrinol Metab: 2007; 3 6 470 478
117. Kung A. W., Lau K. S., Kohn L. D. Epitope mapping of tsh receptor-blocking antibodies in Graves' disease that appear during pregnancy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab: 2001; 86 8 3647 3653
118. Jones B. M., Kwok J. SY, Kung A. WC. Changes in cytokine production during pregnancy in patients with Graves' disease. Thyroid: 2000; 10 8 701 707
119. Saha S., Wald A. Safety and efficacy of immunomodulators and biologics during pregnancy and lactation for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. Expert Opin Drug Saf: 2012; 11 6 947 957
120. Korelitz B. I. Inflammatory bowel disease and pregnancy. Gastroenterol Clin North Am: 1998; 27 1 213 224
121. Beaulieu D. B., Kane S. Inflammatory bowel disease in pregnancy. Gastroenterol Clin North Am: 2011; 40 2 399 413
122. Alstead E. M. Inflammatory bowel disease in pregnancy. Postgrad Med J: 2002; 78 915 23 26
123. Cornish J., Tan E., Teare J., et al. A meta-analysis on the influence of inflammatory bowel disease on pregnancy. Gut: 2007; 56 6 830 837
124. Deshmane S. L., Kremlev S., Amini S., Sawaya B. E. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1): A.n overview. J Interferon Cytokine Res: 2009; 29 6 313 326
125. Chatterjee P., Chiasson V. L., Kopriva S. E., et al. Interleukin 10 deficiency exacerbates toll-like receptor 3-induced preeclampsia-like symptoms in mice. Hypertension: 2011; 58 3 489 496
126. Costantine M. M., Cleary K. Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Obstetric - Fetal Pharmacology Research Units Network. Pravastatin for the prevention of preeclampsia in high-risk pregnant women. Obstet Gynecol: 2013; 121 2, Pt 1 349 353
127. Vu H., Ianosi-Irimie M., Danchuk S., et al. Resibufogenin corrects hypertension in a rat model of human preeclampsia. Exp Biol Med (Maywood): 2006; 231 2 215 220
128. Horvat D., Severson J., Uddin M. N., Mitchell B., Puschett J. B. Resibufogenin prevents the manifestations of preeclampsia in an animal model of the syndrome. Hypertens Pregnancy: 2010; 29 1 1 9
129. Puschett J. B., Agunanne E., Uddin M. N. Marinobufagenin, resibufogenin and preeclampsia. Biochim Biophys Acta: 2010; 1802 12 1246 1253
130. Fedorova O. V., Simbirtsev A. S., Kolodkin N. I., et al. Monoclonal antibody to an endogenous bufadienolide, marinobufagenin, reverses preeclampsia-induced Na/K-ATPase inhibition and lowers blood pressure in NaCl-sensitive hypertension. J Hypertens: 2008; 26 12 2414 2425.