메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 47, Issue 1, 2018, Pages 117-135

Heart Failure: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Management of Heart Failure in Diabetes Mellitus

Author keywords

Cardiac function; Cardiovascular events; Glucose lowering therapy; Glycemia; Heart failure; Type 2 diabetes mellitus

Indexed keywords

ACARBOSE; ALPHA GLUCOSIDASE INHIBITOR; BROMOCRIPTINE; DAPAGLIFLOZIN; DIPEPTIDYL PEPTIDASE IV INHIBITOR; EMPAGLIFLOZIN; GLITAZONE DERIVATIVE; GLUCAGON LIKE PEPTIDE 1 RECEPTOR AGONIST; INSULIN; LIRAGLUTIDE; LIXISENATIDE; METFORMIN; NATEGLINIDE; PLACEBO; SODIUM GLUCOSE COTRANSPORTER 2 INHIBITOR; SULFONYLUREA DERIVATIVE; VOGLIBOSE; ANTIDIABETIC AGENT;

EID: 85037670718     PISSN: 08898529     EISSN: 15584410     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecl.2017.10.007     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (15)

References (95)
  • 1
    • 84981715657 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2016 ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: the Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Developed with the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC
    • Ponikowski, P., Voors, A.A., Anker, S.D., et al. Authors/Task Force Members, Document Reviewers. 2016 ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: the Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Developed with the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. Eur J Heart Fail 18:8 (2016), 891–975.
    • (2016) Eur J Heart Fail , vol.18 , Issue.8 , pp. 891-975
    • Ponikowski, P.1    Voors, A.A.2    Anker, S.D.3
  • 2
    • 85022192851 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2017 ACC/AHA/HFSA focused update of the 2013 ACCF/AHA guideline for the management of heart failure: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on clinical practice guidelines and the Heart Failure Society of America
    • Yancy, C.W., Jessup, M., Bozkurt, B., et al. 2017 ACC/AHA/HFSA focused update of the 2013 ACCF/AHA guideline for the management of heart failure: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on clinical practice guidelines and the Heart Failure Society of America. J Card Fail 23:8 (2017), 628–651.
    • (2017) J Card Fail , vol.23 , Issue.8 , pp. 628-651
    • Yancy, C.W.1    Jessup, M.2    Bozkurt, B.3
  • 3
    • 84958124870 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin resistance and hyperinsulinaemia in diabetic cardiomyopathy
    • Jia, G., DeMarco, V.G., Sowers, J.R., Insulin resistance and hyperinsulinaemia in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Nat Rev Endocrinol 12:3 (2016), 144–153.
    • (2016) Nat Rev Endocrinol , vol.12 , Issue.3 , pp. 144-153
    • Jia, G.1    DeMarco, V.G.2    Sowers, J.R.3
  • 4
    • 84857723303 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 25 year trends in first time hospitalisation for acute myocardial infarction, subsequent short and long term mortality, and the prognostic impact of sex and comorbidity: a Danish nationwide cohort study
    • Schmidt, M., Jacobsen, J.B., Lash, T.L., et al. 25 year trends in first time hospitalisation for acute myocardial infarction, subsequent short and long term mortality, and the prognostic impact of sex and comorbidity: a Danish nationwide cohort study. BMJ, 344, 2012, e356.
    • (2012) BMJ , vol.344 , pp. e356
    • Schmidt, M.1    Jacobsen, J.B.2    Lash, T.L.3
  • 5
    • 85019316271 scopus 로고
    • Effects of enalapril on mortality in severe congestive heart failure. Results of the Cooperative North Scandinavian Enalapril Survival Study (CONSENSUS)
    • CONSENSUS Trial Study Group. Effects of enalapril on mortality in severe congestive heart failure. Results of the Cooperative North Scandinavian Enalapril Survival Study (CONSENSUS). N Engl J Med 316:23 (1987), 1429–1435.
    • (1987) N Engl J Med , vol.316 , Issue.23 , pp. 1429-1435
  • 6
    • 0025913812 scopus 로고
    • Effect of enalapril on survival in patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fractions and congestive heart failure
    • SOLVD Investigators, Yusuf, S., Pitt, B., Davis, C.E., et al. Effect of enalapril on survival in patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fractions and congestive heart failure. N Engl J Med 325:5 (1991), 293–302.
    • (1991) N Engl J Med , vol.325 , Issue.5 , pp. 293-302
    • Yusuf, S.1    Pitt, B.2    Davis, C.E.3
  • 7
    • 0033549290 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of metoprolol CR/XL in chronic heart failure: metoprolol CR/XL randomised intervention trial in congestive heart failure (MERIT-HF)
    • Effect of metoprolol CR/XL in chronic heart failure: metoprolol CR/XL randomised intervention trial in congestive heart failure (MERIT-HF). Lancet 353:9169 (1999), 2001–2007.
    • (1999) Lancet , vol.353 , Issue.9169 , pp. 2001-2007
  • 8
    • 0033517302 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of spironolactone on morbidity and mortality in patients with severe heart failure. Randomized Aldactone Evaluation Study Investigators
    • Pitt, B., Zannad, F., Remme, W.J., et al. The effect of spironolactone on morbidity and mortality in patients with severe heart failure. Randomized Aldactone Evaluation Study Investigators. N Engl J Med 341:10 (1999), 709–717.
    • (1999) N Engl J Med , vol.341 , Issue.10 , pp. 709-717
    • Pitt, B.1    Zannad, F.2    Remme, W.J.3
  • 9
    • 0037425535 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Burden of systolic and diastolic ventricular dysfunction in the community: appreciating the scope of the heart failure epidemic
    • Redfield, M.M., Jacobsen, S.J., Burnett, J.C. Jr., et al. Burden of systolic and diastolic ventricular dysfunction in the community: appreciating the scope of the heart failure epidemic. JAMA 289:2 (2003), 194–202.
    • (2003) JAMA , vol.289 , Issue.2 , pp. 194-202
    • Redfield, M.M.1    Jacobsen, S.J.2    Burnett, J.C.3
  • 10
    • 0035458604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Congestive heart failure in type 2 diabetes: prevalence, incidence, and risk factors
    • Nichols, G.A., Hillier, T.A., Erbey, J.R., et al. Congestive heart failure in type 2 diabetes: prevalence, incidence, and risk factors. Diabetes Care 24:9 (2001), 1614–1619.
    • (2001) Diabetes Care , vol.24 , Issue.9 , pp. 1614-1619
    • Nichols, G.A.1    Hillier, T.A.2    Erbey, J.R.3
  • 11
    • 1442299811 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heart failure prevalence, incidence, and mortality in the elderly with diabetes
    • Bertoni, A.G., Hundley, W.G., Massing, M.W., et al. Heart failure prevalence, incidence, and mortality in the elderly with diabetes. Diabetes Care 27:3 (2004), 699–703.
    • (2004) Diabetes Care , vol.27 , Issue.3 , pp. 699-703
    • Bertoni, A.G.1    Hundley, W.G.2    Massing, M.W.3
  • 12
    • 84872536646 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association between diabetes mellitus and post-discharge outcomes in patients hospitalized with heart failure: findings from the EVEREST trial
    • Sarma, S., Mentz, R.J., Kwasny, M.J., et al. Association between diabetes mellitus and post-discharge outcomes in patients hospitalized with heart failure: findings from the EVEREST trial. Eur J Heart Fail 15:2 (2013), 194–202.
    • (2013) Eur J Heart Fail , vol.15 , Issue.2 , pp. 194-202
    • Sarma, S.1    Mentz, R.J.2    Kwasny, M.J.3
  • 13
    • 84890544617 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of aliskiren on post-discharge outcomes among diabetic and non-diabetic patients hospitalized for heart failure: insights from the ASTRONAUT trial
    • Maggioni, A.P., Greene, S.J., Fonarow, G.C., et al. Effect of aliskiren on post-discharge outcomes among diabetic and non-diabetic patients hospitalized for heart failure: insights from the ASTRONAUT trial. Eur Heart J 34:40 (2013), 3117–3127.
    • (2013) Eur Heart J , vol.34 , Issue.40 , pp. 3117-3127
    • Maggioni, A.P.1    Greene, S.J.2    Fonarow, G.C.3
  • 14
    • 0018764335 scopus 로고
    • Diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The Framingham study
    • Kannel, W.B., McGee, D.L., Diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The Framingham study. JAMA 241:19 (1979), 2035–2038.
    • (1979) JAMA , vol.241 , Issue.19 , pp. 2035-2038
    • Kannel, W.B.1    McGee, D.L.2
  • 15
    • 3342886026 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The incidence of congestive heart failure in type 2 diabetes: an update
    • Nichols, G.A., Gullion, C.M., Koro, C.E., et al. The incidence of congestive heart failure in type 2 diabetes: an update. Diabetes Care 27:8 (2004), 1879–1884.
    • (2004) Diabetes Care , vol.27 , Issue.8 , pp. 1879-1884
    • Nichols, G.A.1    Gullion, C.M.2    Koro, C.E.3
  • 16
    • 68149182719 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incidence rates of heart failure, stroke, and acute myocardial infarction among Type 2 diabetic patients using insulin glargine and other insulin
    • Juhaeri, J., Gao, S., Dai, W.S., Incidence rates of heart failure, stroke, and acute myocardial infarction among Type 2 diabetic patients using insulin glargine and other insulin. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 18:6 (2009), 497–503.
    • (2009) Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf , vol.18 , Issue.6 , pp. 497-503
    • Juhaeri, J.1    Gao, S.2    Dai, W.S.3
  • 17
    • 0037387809 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular outcomes in the Irbesartan Diabetic Nephropathy Trial of patients with type 2 diabetes and overt nephropathy
    • Berl, T., Hunsicker, L.G., Lewis, J.B., et al. Cardiovascular outcomes in the Irbesartan Diabetic Nephropathy Trial of patients with type 2 diabetes and overt nephropathy. Ann Intern Med 138:7 (2003), 542–549.
    • (2003) Ann Intern Med , vol.138 , Issue.7 , pp. 542-549
    • Berl, T.1    Hunsicker, L.G.2    Lewis, J.B.3
  • 18
    • 28044445114 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hospitalizations for new heart failure among subjects with diabetes mellitus in the RENAAL and LIFE studies
    • Carr, A.A., Kowey, P.R., Devereux, R.B., et al. Hospitalizations for new heart failure among subjects with diabetes mellitus in the RENAAL and LIFE studies. Am J Cardiol 96:11 (2005), 1530–1536.
    • (2005) Am J Cardiol , vol.96 , Issue.11 , pp. 1530-1536
    • Carr, A.A.1    Kowey, P.R.2    Devereux, R.B.3
  • 19
    • 2342449389 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of diabetes mellitus on long-term survival in patients with congestive heart failure
    • De Groote, P., Lamblin, N., Mouquet, F., et al. Impact of diabetes mellitus on long-term survival in patients with congestive heart failure. Eur Heart J 25:8 (2004), 656–662.
    • (2004) Eur Heart J , vol.25 , Issue.8 , pp. 656-662
    • De Groote, P.1    Lamblin, N.2    Mouquet, F.3
  • 20
    • 84879360398 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diabetes mellitus is associated with adverse prognosis in chronic heart failure of ischaemic and non-ischaemic aetiology
    • Cubbon, R.M., Adams, B., Rajwani, A., et al. Diabetes mellitus is associated with adverse prognosis in chronic heart failure of ischaemic and non-ischaemic aetiology. Diab Vasc Dis Res 10:4 (2013), 330–336.
    • (2013) Diab Vasc Dis Res , vol.10 , Issue.4 , pp. 330-336
    • Cubbon, R.M.1    Adams, B.2    Rajwani, A.3
  • 21
    • 0008236353 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor trandolapril on mortality and morbidity in diabetic patients with left ventricular dysfunction after acute myocardial infarction. Trace Study Group
    • Gustafsson, I., Torp-Pedersen, C., Kober, L., et al. Effect of the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor trandolapril on mortality and morbidity in diabetic patients with left ventricular dysfunction after acute myocardial infarction. Trace Study Group. J Am Coll Cardiol 34:1 (1999), 83–89.
    • (1999) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.34 , Issue.1 , pp. 83-89
    • Gustafsson, I.1    Torp-Pedersen, C.2    Kober, L.3
  • 22
    • 0242720682 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are beta-blockers as efficacious in patients with diabetes mellitus as in patients without diabetes mellitus who have chronic heart failure? A meta-analysis of large-scale clinical trials
    • Haas, S.J., Vos, T., Gilbert, R.E., et al. Are beta-blockers as efficacious in patients with diabetes mellitus as in patients without diabetes mellitus who have chronic heart failure? A meta-analysis of large-scale clinical trials. Am Heart J 146:5 (2003), 848–853.
    • (2003) Am Heart J , vol.146 , Issue.5 , pp. 848-853
    • Haas, S.J.1    Vos, T.2    Gilbert, R.E.3
  • 23
    • 77954176160 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intensive glycemic control and cardiovascular disease: an update
    • Brown, A., Reynolds, L.R., Bruemmer, D., Intensive glycemic control and cardiovascular disease: an update. Nat Rev Cardiol 7:7 (2010), 369–375.
    • (2010) Nat Rev Cardiol , vol.7 , Issue.7 , pp. 369-375
    • Brown, A.1    Reynolds, L.R.2    Bruemmer, D.3
  • 24
    • 0034641568 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of glycaemia with macrovascular and microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 35): prospective observational study
    • Stratton, I.M., Adler, A.I., Neil, H.A., et al. Association of glycaemia with macrovascular and microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 35): prospective observational study. BMJ 321:7258 (2000), 405–412.
    • (2000) BMJ , vol.321 , Issue.7258 , pp. 405-412
    • Stratton, I.M.1    Adler, A.I.2    Neil, H.A.3
  • 25
    • 77951735232 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of intensive blood-pressure control in type 2 diabetes mellitus
    • ACCORD Study Group, Cushman, W.C., Evans, G.W., Byington, R.P., et al. Effects of intensive blood-pressure control in type 2 diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med 362:17 (2010), 1575–1585.
    • (2010) N Engl J Med , vol.362 , Issue.17 , pp. 1575-1585
    • Cushman, W.C.1    Evans, G.W.2    Byington, R.P.3
  • 26
    • 45149133036 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intensive blood glucose control and vascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes
    • ADVANCE Collaborative Group, Patel, A., MacMahon, S., Chalmers, J., et al. Intensive blood glucose control and vascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 358:24 (2008), 2560–2572.
    • (2008) N Engl J Med , vol.358 , Issue.24 , pp. 2560-2572
    • Patel, A.1    MacMahon, S.2    Chalmers, J.3
  • 27
    • 58149389215 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glucose control and vascular complications in veterans with type 2 diabetes
    • Duckworth, W., Abraira, C., Moritz, T., et al. Glucose control and vascular complications in veterans with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 360:2 (2009), 129–139.
    • (2009) N Engl J Med , vol.360 , Issue.2 , pp. 129-139
    • Duckworth, W.1    Abraira, C.2    Moritz, T.3
  • 28
    • 84930532577 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Follow-up of glycemic control and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes
    • Hayward, R.A., Reaven, P.D., Wiitala, W.L., et al. Follow-up of glycemic control and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 372:23 (2015), 2197–2206.
    • (2015) N Engl J Med , vol.372 , Issue.23 , pp. 2197-2206
    • Hayward, R.A.1    Reaven, P.D.2    Wiitala, W.L.3
  • 29
    • 84930079243 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heart failure in diabetes: effects of anti-hyperglycaemic drug therapy
    • Gilbert, R.E., Krum, H., Heart failure in diabetes: effects of anti-hyperglycaemic drug therapy. Lancet 385:9982 (2015), 2107–2117.
    • (2015) Lancet , vol.385 , Issue.9982 , pp. 2107-2117
    • Gilbert, R.E.1    Krum, H.2
  • 30
    • 29244468299 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An unexpected inverse relationship between HbA1c levels and mortality in patients with diabetes and advanced systolic heart failure
    • Eshaghian, S., Horwich, T.B., Fonarow, G.C., An unexpected inverse relationship between HbA1c levels and mortality in patients with diabetes and advanced systolic heart failure. Am Heart J, 151(1), 2006, 91.
    • (2006) Am Heart J , vol.151 , Issue.1 , pp. 91
    • Eshaghian, S.1    Horwich, T.B.2    Fonarow, G.C.3
  • 31
    • 84880323061 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular effects of intensive lifestyle intervention in type 2 diabetes
    • Look AHEAD Research Group, Wing, R.R., Bolin, P., Brancati, F.L., et al. Cardiovascular effects of intensive lifestyle intervention in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 369:2 (2013), 145–154.
    • (2013) N Engl J Med , vol.369 , Issue.2 , pp. 145-154
    • Wing, R.R.1    Bolin, P.2    Brancati, F.L.3
  • 32
    • 85018280765 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Weight loss and heart failure: a nationwide study of gastric bypass surgery versus intensive lifestyle treatment
    • Sundstrom, J., Bruze, G., Ottosson, J., et al. Weight loss and heart failure: a nationwide study of gastric bypass surgery versus intensive lifestyle treatment. Circulation 135:17 (2017), 1577–1585.
    • (2017) Circulation , vol.135 , Issue.17 , pp. 1577-1585
    • Sundstrom, J.1    Bruze, G.2    Ottosson, J.3
  • 33
    • 31544474012 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of an exercise training program on endothelial dysfunction in diabetic and non-diabetic patients with severe chronic heart failure
    • Miche, E., Herrmann, G., Nowak, M., et al. Effect of an exercise training program on endothelial dysfunction in diabetic and non-diabetic patients with severe chronic heart failure. Clin Res Cardiol 95:Suppl 1 (2006), i117–i124.
    • (2006) Clin Res Cardiol , vol.95 , pp. i117-i124
    • Miche, E.1    Herrmann, G.2    Nowak, M.3
  • 34
    • 64249125022 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of exercise training in patients with chronic heart failure: HF-ACTION randomized controlled trial
    • O'Connor, C.M., Whellan, D.J., Lee, K.L., et al. Efficacy and safety of exercise training in patients with chronic heart failure: HF-ACTION randomized controlled trial. JAMA 301:14 (2009), 1439–1450.
    • (2009) JAMA , vol.301 , Issue.14 , pp. 1439-1450
    • O'Connor, C.M.1    Whellan, D.J.2    Lee, K.L.3
  • 35
    • 84969914892 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Response to exercise training and outcomes in patients with heart failure and diabetes mellitus: insights from the HF-ACTION trial
    • Banks, A.Z., Mentz, R.J., Stebbins, A., et al. Response to exercise training and outcomes in patients with heart failure and diabetes mellitus: insights from the HF-ACTION trial. J Card Fail 22:7 (2016), 485–491.
    • (2016) J Card Fail , vol.22 , Issue.7 , pp. 485-491
    • Banks, A.Z.1    Mentz, R.J.2    Stebbins, A.3
  • 36
    • 84953269029 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of caloric restriction or aerobic exercise training on peak oxygen consumption and quality of life in obese older patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: a randomized clinical trial
    • Kitzman, D.W., Brubaker, P., Morgan, T., et al. Effect of caloric restriction or aerobic exercise training on peak oxygen consumption and quality of life in obese older patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA 315:1 (2016), 36–46.
    • (2016) JAMA , vol.315 , Issue.1 , pp. 36-46
    • Kitzman, D.W.1    Brubaker, P.2    Morgan, T.3
  • 37
    • 85026840711 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does treatment of impaired glucose tolerance improve cardiovascular outcomes in patients with previous myocardial infarction?
    • [Epub ahead of print]
    • Asakura, M., Kim, J., Asanuma, H., et al. Does treatment of impaired glucose tolerance improve cardiovascular outcomes in patients with previous myocardial infarction?. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther, 2017 [Epub ahead of print].
    • (2017) Cardiovasc Drugs Ther
    • Asakura, M.1    Kim, J.2    Asanuma, H.3
  • 38
    • 85029223251 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of acarbose on cardiovascular and diabetes outcomes in patients with coronary heart disease and impaired glucose tolerance (ACE): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
    • Holman, R.R., Coleman, R.L., Chan, J.C.N., et al. Effects of acarbose on cardiovascular and diabetes outcomes in patients with coronary heart disease and impaired glucose tolerance (ACE): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol, 2017, 10.1016/S2213-8587(17)30309-1.
    • (2017) Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol
    • Holman, R.R.1    Coleman, R.L.2    Chan, J.C.N.3
  • 39
    • 33751581159 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Abnormal glucose tolerance contributes to the progression of chronic heart failure in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy
    • Kim, J., Nakatani, S., Hashimura, K., et al. Abnormal glucose tolerance contributes to the progression of chronic heart failure in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. Hypertens Res 29:10 (2006), 775–782.
    • (2006) Hypertens Res , vol.29 , Issue.10 , pp. 775-782
    • Kim, J.1    Nakatani, S.2    Hashimura, K.3
  • 40
    • 0032511566 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group
    • Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group. Lancet 352:9131 (1998), 854–865.
    • (1998) Lancet , vol.352 , Issue.9131 , pp. 854-865
  • 41
    • 53749091595 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes
    • Holman, R.R., Paul, S.K., Bethel, M.A., et al. 10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 359:15 (2008), 1577–1589.
    • (2008) N Engl J Med , vol.359 , Issue.15 , pp. 1577-1589
    • Holman, R.R.1    Paul, S.K.2    Bethel, M.A.3
  • 42
    • 84867706737 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of metformin on insulin resistance and exercise parameters in patients with heart failure
    • Wong, A.K., Symon, R., AlZadjali, M.A., et al. The effect of metformin on insulin resistance and exercise parameters in patients with heart failure. Eur J Heart Fail 14:11 (2012), 1303–1310.
    • (2012) Eur J Heart Fail , vol.14 , Issue.11 , pp. 1303-1310
    • Wong, A.K.1    Symon, R.2    AlZadjali, M.A.3
  • 43
    • 25644459350 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improved clinical outcomes associated with metformin in patients with diabetes and heart failure
    • Eurich, D.T., Majumdar, S.R., McAlister, F.A., et al. Improved clinical outcomes associated with metformin in patients with diabetes and heart failure. Diabetes Care 28:10 (2005), 2345–2351.
    • (2005) Diabetes Care , vol.28 , Issue.10 , pp. 2345-2351
    • Eurich, D.T.1    Majumdar, S.R.2    McAlister, F.A.3
  • 44
    • 13444272949 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thiazolidinediones, metformin, and outcomes in older patients with diabetes and heart failure: an observational study
    • Masoudi, F.A., Inzucchi, S.E., Wang, Y., et al. Thiazolidinediones, metformin, and outcomes in older patients with diabetes and heart failure: an observational study. Circulation 111:5 (2005), 583–590.
    • (2005) Circulation , vol.111 , Issue.5 , pp. 583-590
    • Masoudi, F.A.1    Inzucchi, S.E.2    Wang, Y.3
  • 45
    • 77956074249 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of type 2 diabetes and outcomes in patients with heart failure: a nested case-control study from the U.K. General practice research database
    • MacDonald, M.R., Eurich, D.T., Majumdar, S.R., et al. Treatment of type 2 diabetes and outcomes in patients with heart failure: a nested case-control study from the U.K. General practice research database. Diabetes Care 33:6 (2010), 1213–1218.
    • (2010) Diabetes Care , vol.33 , Issue.6 , pp. 1213-1218
    • MacDonald, M.R.1    Eurich, D.T.2    Majumdar, S.R.3
  • 46
    • 77956971910 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of Metformin on mortality in patients with heart failure and type 2 diabetes mellitus
    • Evans, J.M., Doney, A.S., AlZadjali, M.A., et al. Effect of Metformin on mortality in patients with heart failure and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Am J Cardiol 106:7 (2010), 1006–1010.
    • (2010) Am J Cardiol , vol.106 , Issue.7 , pp. 1006-1010
    • Evans, J.M.1    Doney, A.S.2    AlZadjali, M.A.3
  • 47
    • 78649664499 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metformin use and mortality among patients with diabetes and atherothrombosis
    • Roussel, R., Travert, F., Pasquet, B., et al. Metformin use and mortality among patients with diabetes and atherothrombosis. Arch Intern Med 170:21 (2010), 1892–1899.
    • (2010) Arch Intern Med , vol.170 , Issue.21 , pp. 1892-1899
    • Roussel, R.1    Travert, F.2    Pasquet, B.3
  • 48
    • 78649315767 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metformin treatment is associated with a low risk of mortality in diabetic patients with heart failure: a retrospective nationwide cohort study
    • Andersson, C., Olesen, J.B., Hansen, P.R., et al. Metformin treatment is associated with a low risk of mortality in diabetic patients with heart failure: a retrospective nationwide cohort study. Diabetologia 53:12 (2010), 2546–2553.
    • (2010) Diabetologia , vol.53 , Issue.12 , pp. 2546-2553
    • Andersson, C.1    Olesen, J.B.2    Hansen, P.R.3
  • 49
    • 79952260043 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metformin use and mortality in ambulatory patients with diabetes and heart failure
    • Aguilar, D., Chan, W., Bozkurt, B., et al. Metformin use and mortality in ambulatory patients with diabetes and heart failure. Circ Heart Fail 4:1 (2011), 53–58.
    • (2011) Circ Heart Fail , vol.4 , Issue.1 , pp. 53-58
    • Aguilar, D.1    Chan, W.2    Bozkurt, B.3
  • 50
    • 84879207411 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative safety and effectiveness of metformin in patients with diabetes mellitus and heart failure: systematic review of observational studies involving 34,000 patients
    • Eurich, D.T., Weir, D.L., Majumdar, S.R., et al. Comparative safety and effectiveness of metformin in patients with diabetes mellitus and heart failure: systematic review of observational studies involving 34,000 patients. Circ Heart Fail 6:3 (2013), 395–402.
    • (2013) Circ Heart Fail , vol.6 , Issue.3 , pp. 395-402
    • Eurich, D.T.1    Weir, D.L.2    Majumdar, S.R.3
  • 51
    • 61349138261 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metformin treatment in diabetes and heart failure: when academic equipoise meets clinical reality
    • Eurich, D.T., Tsuyuki, R.T., Majumdar, S.R., et al. Metformin treatment in diabetes and heart failure: when academic equipoise meets clinical reality. Trials, 10, 2009, 12.
    • (2009) Trials , vol.10 , pp. 12
    • Eurich, D.T.1    Tsuyuki, R.T.2    Majumdar, S.R.3
  • 52
    • 0014914649 scopus 로고
    • A study of the effects of hypoglycemic agents on vascular complications in patients with adult-onset diabetes. II. Mortality results
    • Meinert, C.L., Knatterud, G.L., Prout, T.E., et al. A study of the effects of hypoglycemic agents on vascular complications in patients with adult-onset diabetes. II. Mortality results. Diabetes 19:Suppl (1970), 789–830.
    • (1970) Diabetes , vol.19 , pp. 789-830
    • Meinert, C.L.1    Knatterud, G.L.2    Prout, T.E.3
  • 53
    • 0017040411 scopus 로고
    • A study of the effects of hypoglycemia agents on vascular complications in patients with adult-onset diabetes. VI. Supplementary report on nonfatal events in patients treated with tolbutamide
    • A study of the effects of hypoglycemia agents on vascular complications in patients with adult-onset diabetes. VI. Supplementary report on nonfatal events in patients treated with tolbutamide. Diabetes 25:12 (1976), 1129–1153.
    • (1976) Diabetes , vol.25 , Issue.12 , pp. 1129-1153
  • 54
    • 0032511583 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intensive blood-glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 33). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group
    • Intensive blood-glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 33). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group. Lancet 352:9131 (1998), 837–853.
    • (1998) Lancet , vol.352 , Issue.9131 , pp. 837-853
  • 55
    • 0024396879 scopus 로고
    • Effects of insulin on kidney function and sodium excretion in healthy subjects
    • Skott, P., Hother-Nielsen, O., Bruun, N.E., et al. Effects of insulin on kidney function and sodium excretion in healthy subjects. Diabetologia 32:9 (1989), 694–699.
    • (1989) Diabetologia , vol.32 , Issue.9 , pp. 694-699
    • Skott, P.1    Hother-Nielsen, O.2    Bruun, N.E.3
  • 56
    • 84864270406 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Basal insulin and cardiovascular and other outcomes in dysglycemia
    • ORIGIN Trial Investigators, Gerstein, H.C., Bosch, J., Dagenais, G.R., et al. Basal insulin and cardiovascular and other outcomes in dysglycemia. N Engl J Med 367:4 (2012), 319–328.
    • (2012) N Engl J Med , vol.367 , Issue.4 , pp. 319-328
    • Gerstein, H.C.1    Bosch, J.2    Dagenais, G.R.3
  • 57
    • 85006184545 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of tighter glycemic control on cardiac function, exercise capacity, and muscle strength in heart failure patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized study
    • Nielsen, R., Wiggers, H., Thomsen, H.H., et al. Effect of tighter glycemic control on cardiac function, exercise capacity, and muscle strength in heart failure patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized study. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care, 4(1), 2016, e000202.
    • (2016) BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care , vol.4 , Issue.1 , pp. e000202
    • Nielsen, R.1    Wiggers, H.2    Thomsen, H.H.3
  • 58
    • 0041363299 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of diabetes on outcomes of patients with advanced heart failure in the BEST trial
    • Domanski, M., Krause-Steinrauf, H., Deedwania, P., et al. The effect of diabetes on outcomes of patients with advanced heart failure in the BEST trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 42:5 (2003), 914–922.
    • (2003) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.42 , Issue.5 , pp. 914-922
    • Domanski, M.1    Krause-Steinrauf, H.2    Deedwania, P.3
  • 59
    • 12344272776 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin-treated diabetes is associated with a marked increase in mortality in patients with advanced heart failure
    • Smooke, S., Horwich, T.B., Fonarow, G.C., Insulin-treated diabetes is associated with a marked increase in mortality in patients with advanced heart failure. Am Heart J 149:1 (2005), 168–174.
    • (2005) Am Heart J , vol.149 , Issue.1 , pp. 168-174
    • Smooke, S.1    Horwich, T.B.2    Fonarow, G.C.3
  • 60
    • 28944438521 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predictors of mortality and morbidity in patients with chronic heart failure
    • Pocock, S.J., Wang, D., Pfeffer, M.A., et al. Predictors of mortality and morbidity in patients with chronic heart failure. Eur Heart J 27:1 (2006), 65–75.
    • (2006) Eur Heart J , vol.27 , Issue.1 , pp. 65-75
    • Pocock, S.J.1    Wang, D.2    Pfeffer, M.A.3
  • 61
    • 23844472901 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thiazolidinediones expand body fluid volume through PPARgamma stimulation of ENaC-mediated renal salt absorption
    • Guan, Y., Hao, C., Cha, D.R., et al. Thiazolidinediones expand body fluid volume through PPARgamma stimulation of ENaC-mediated renal salt absorption. Nat Med 11:8 (2005), 861–866.
    • (2005) Nat Med , vol.11 , Issue.8 , pp. 861-866
    • Guan, Y.1    Hao, C.2    Cha, D.R.3
  • 62
    • 79955624781 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thiazolidinediones enhance sodium-coupled bicarbonate absorption from renal proximal tubules via PPARgamma-dependent nongenomic signaling
    • Endo, Y., Suzuki, M., Yamada, H., et al. Thiazolidinediones enhance sodium-coupled bicarbonate absorption from renal proximal tubules via PPARgamma-dependent nongenomic signaling. Cell Metab 13:5 (2011), 550–561.
    • (2011) Cell Metab , vol.13 , Issue.5 , pp. 550-561
    • Endo, Y.1    Suzuki, M.2    Yamada, H.3
  • 63
    • 33746690404 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plasma concentrations of vascular endothelial growth factor are associated with peripheral oedema in patients treated with thiazolidinedione
    • Emoto, M., Fukuda, N., Nakamori, Y., et al. Plasma concentrations of vascular endothelial growth factor are associated with peripheral oedema in patients treated with thiazolidinedione. Diabetologia 49:9 (2006), 2217–2218.
    • (2006) Diabetologia , vol.49 , Issue.9 , pp. 2217-2218
    • Emoto, M.1    Fukuda, N.2    Nakamori, Y.3
  • 64
    • 34648832073 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Congestive heart failure and cardiovascular death in patients with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes given thiazolidinediones: a meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials
    • Lago, R.M., Singh, P.P., Nesto, R.W., Congestive heart failure and cardiovascular death in patients with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes given thiazolidinediones: a meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials. Lancet 370:9593 (2007), 1129–1136.
    • (2007) Lancet , vol.370 , Issue.9593 , pp. 1129-1136
    • Lago, R.M.1    Singh, P.P.2    Nesto, R.W.3
  • 65
    • 67149146438 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rosiglitazone evaluated for cardiovascular outcomes in oral agent combination therapy for type 2 diabetes (RECORD): a multicentre, randomised, open-label trial
    • Home, P.D., Pocock, S.J., Beck-Nielsen, H., et al. Rosiglitazone evaluated for cardiovascular outcomes in oral agent combination therapy for type 2 diabetes (RECORD): a multicentre, randomised, open-label trial. Lancet 373:9681 (2009), 2125–2135.
    • (2009) Lancet , vol.373 , Issue.9681 , pp. 2125-2135
    • Home, P.D.1    Pocock, S.J.2    Beck-Nielsen, H.3
  • 66
    • 77950507168 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heart failure events with rosiglitazone in type 2 diabetes: data from the RECORD clinical trial
    • Komajda, M., McMurray, J.J., Beck-Nielsen, H., et al. Heart failure events with rosiglitazone in type 2 diabetes: data from the RECORD clinical trial. Eur Heart J 31:7 (2010), 824–831.
    • (2010) Eur Heart J , vol.31 , Issue.7 , pp. 824-831
    • Komajda, M.1    McMurray, J.J.2    Beck-Nielsen, H.3
  • 67
    • 26244453309 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Secondary prevention of macrovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes in the PROactive Study (PROspective pioglitAzone Clinical Trial In macroVascular Events): a randomised controlled trial
    • Dormandy, J.A., Charbonnel, B., Eckland, D.J., et al. Secondary prevention of macrovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes in the PROactive Study (PROspective pioglitAzone Clinical Trial In macroVascular Events): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 366:9493 (2005), 1279–1289.
    • (2005) Lancet , vol.366 , Issue.9493 , pp. 1279-1289
    • Dormandy, J.A.1    Charbonnel, B.2    Eckland, D.J.3
  • 68
    • 84962114446 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pioglitazone after ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack
    • Kernan, W.N., Viscoli, C.M., Furie, K.L., et al. Pioglitazone after ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack. N Engl J Med 374:14 (2016), 1321–1331.
    • (2016) N Engl J Med , vol.374 , Issue.14 , pp. 1321-1331
    • Kernan, W.N.1    Viscoli, C.M.2    Furie, K.L.3
  • 69
    • 85029216639 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects on the incidence of cardiovascular events of the addition of pioglitazone versus sulfonylureas in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin (TOSCA.IT): a randomised, multicentre trial
    • Vaccaro, O., Masulli, M., Nicolucci, A., et al. Effects on the incidence of cardiovascular events of the addition of pioglitazone versus sulfonylureas in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin (TOSCA.IT): a randomised, multicentre trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol, 2017, 10.1016/S2213-8587(17)30317-0.
    • (2017) Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol
    • Vaccaro, O.1    Masulli, M.2    Nicolucci, A.3
  • 70
    • 34247153877 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized, placebo-controlled trial assessing the effects of rosiglitazone on echocardiographic function and cardiac status in type 2 diabetic patients with New York Heart Association Functional Class I or II Heart Failure
    • Dargie, H.J., Hildebrandt, P.R., Riegger, G.A., et al. A randomized, placebo-controlled trial assessing the effects of rosiglitazone on echocardiographic function and cardiac status in type 2 diabetic patients with New York Heart Association Functional Class I or II Heart Failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 49:16 (2007), 1696–1704.
    • (2007) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.49 , Issue.16 , pp. 1696-1704
    • Dargie, H.J.1    Hildebrandt, P.R.2    Riegger, G.A.3
  • 71
    • 77953995258 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of pioglitazone vs glyburide in early heart failure: insights from a randomized controlled study of patients with type 2 diabetes and mild cardiac disease
    • Giles, T.D., Elkayam, U., Bhattacharya, M., et al. Comparison of pioglitazone vs glyburide in early heart failure: insights from a randomized controlled study of patients with type 2 diabetes and mild cardiac disease. Congest Heart Fail 16:3 (2010), 111–117.
    • (2010) Congest Heart Fail , vol.16 , Issue.3 , pp. 111-117
    • Giles, T.D.1    Elkayam, U.2    Bhattacharya, M.3
  • 72
    • 0344304678 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thiazolidinedione use, fluid retention, and congestive heart failure: a consensus statement from the American Heart Association and American Diabetes Association. October 7, 2003
    • Nesto, R.W., Bell, D., Bonow, R.O., et al. Thiazolidinedione use, fluid retention, and congestive heart failure: a consensus statement from the American Heart Association and American Diabetes Association. October 7, 2003. Circulation 108:23 (2003), 2941–2948.
    • (2003) Circulation , vol.108 , Issue.23 , pp. 2941-2948
    • Nesto, R.W.1    Bell, D.2    Bonow, R.O.3
  • 73
    • 33644618433 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The biology of incretin hormones
    • Drucker, D.J., The biology of incretin hormones. Cell Metab 3:3 (2006), 153–165.
    • (2006) Cell Metab , vol.3 , Issue.3 , pp. 153-165
    • Drucker, D.J.1
  • 74
    • 2542451393 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improved glycemic control with no weight increase in patients with type 2 diabetes after once-daily treatment with the long-acting glucagon-like peptide 1 analog liraglutide (NN2211): a 12-week, double-blind, randomized, controlled trial
    • Madsbad, S., Schmitz, O., Ranstam, J., et al., NN2211-1310 International Study Group. Improved glycemic control with no weight increase in patients with type 2 diabetes after once-daily treatment with the long-acting glucagon-like peptide 1 analog liraglutide (NN2211): a 12-week, double-blind, randomized, controlled trial. Diabetes Care 27:6 (2004), 1335–1342.
    • (2004) Diabetes Care , vol.27 , Issue.6 , pp. 1335-1342
    • Madsbad, S.1    Schmitz, O.2    Ranstam, J.3
  • 75
    • 84920095184 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacology, physiology, and mechanisms of action of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors
    • Mulvihill, E.E., Drucker, D.J., Pharmacology, physiology, and mechanisms of action of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors. Endocr Rev 35:6 (2014), 992–1019.
    • (2014) Endocr Rev , vol.35 , Issue.6 , pp. 992-1019
    • Mulvihill, E.E.1    Drucker, D.J.2
  • 76
    • 84865576863 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Renal and cardiac effects of DPP4 inhibitors–from preclinical development to clinical research
    • Hocher, B., Reichetzeder, C., Alter, M.L., Renal and cardiac effects of DPP4 inhibitors–from preclinical development to clinical research. Kidney Blood Press Res 36:1 (2012), 65–84.
    • (2012) Kidney Blood Press Res , vol.36 , Issue.1 , pp. 65-84
    • Hocher, B.1    Reichetzeder, C.2    Alter, M.L.3
  • 77
    • 84883765959 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Saxagliptin and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
    • Scirica, B.M., Bhatt, D.L., Braunwald, E., et al. Saxagliptin and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med 369:14 (2013), 1317–1326.
    • (2013) N Engl J Med , vol.369 , Issue.14 , pp. 1317-1326
    • Scirica, B.M.1    Bhatt, D.L.2    Braunwald, E.3
  • 78
    • 84917723836 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heart failure, saxagliptin, and diabetes mellitus: observations from the SAVOR-TIMI 53 randomized trial
    • Scirica, B.M., Braunwald, E., Raz, I., et al. Heart failure, saxagliptin, and diabetes mellitus: observations from the SAVOR-TIMI 53 randomized trial. Circulation 130:18 (2014), 1579–1588.
    • (2014) Circulation , vol.130 , Issue.18 , pp. 1579-1588
    • Scirica, B.M.1    Braunwald, E.2    Raz, I.3
  • 79
    • 84883745765 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alogliptin after acute coronary syndrome in patients with type 2 diabetes
    • White, W.B., Cannon, C.P., Heller, S.R., et al. Alogliptin after acute coronary syndrome in patients with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 369:14 (2013), 1327–1335.
    • (2013) N Engl J Med , vol.369 , Issue.14 , pp. 1327-1335
    • White, W.B.1    Cannon, C.P.2    Heller, S.R.3
  • 80
    • 84937053742 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of sitagliptin on cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes
    • Green, J.B., Bethel, M.A., Armstrong, P.W., et al. Effect of sitagliptin on cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 373:3 (2015), 232–242.
    • (2015) N Engl J Med , vol.373 , Issue.3 , pp. 232-242
    • Green, J.B.1    Bethel, M.A.2    Armstrong, P.W.3
  • 81
    • 85030853716 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of vildagliptin on ventricular function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and heart failure. a randomized placebo-controlled trial
    • McMurray, J.J., Ponikowksi, P., Bolli, G.B., et al. Effects of vildagliptin on ventricular function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and heart failure. a randomized placebo-controlled trial. JACC Heart Fail, 2017, 10.1016/j.jchf.2017.08.004.
    • (2017) JACC Heart Fail
    • McMurray, J.J.1    Ponikowksi, P.2    Bolli, G.B.3
  • 82
    • 84948740668 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lixisenatide in patients with type 2 diabetes and acute coronary syndrome
    • Pfeffer, M.A., Claggett, B., Diaz, R., et al. Lixisenatide in patients with type 2 diabetes and acute coronary syndrome. N Engl J Med 373:23 (2015), 2247–2257.
    • (2015) N Engl J Med , vol.373 , Issue.23 , pp. 2247-2257
    • Pfeffer, M.A.1    Claggett, B.2    Diaz, R.3
  • 83
    • 84886946727 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Design of the liraglutide effect and action in diabetes: evaluation of cardiovascular outcome results (LEADER) trial
    • Marso, S.P., Poulter, N.R., Nissen, S.E., et al. Design of the liraglutide effect and action in diabetes: evaluation of cardiovascular outcome results (LEADER) trial. Am Heart J 166:5 (2013), 823–830.e5.
    • (2013) Am Heart J , vol.166 , Issue.5 , pp. 823-830.e5
    • Marso, S.P.1    Poulter, N.R.2    Nissen, S.E.3
  • 84
    • 84978839381 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Liraglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes
    • Marso, S.P., Daniels, G.H., Brown-Frandsen, K., et al. Liraglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 375:4 (2016), 311–322.
    • (2016) N Engl J Med , vol.375 , Issue.4 , pp. 311-322
    • Marso, S.P.1    Daniels, G.H.2    Brown-Frandsen, K.3
  • 85
    • 84994813253 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Semaglutide and Cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes
    • Marso, S.P., Bain, S.C., Consoli, A., et al. Semaglutide and Cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 375:19 (2016), 1834–1844.
    • (2016) N Engl J Med , vol.375 , Issue.19 , pp. 1834-1844
    • Marso, S.P.1    Bain, S.C.2    Consoli, A.3
  • 86
    • 85030448557 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of once-weekly exenatide on cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes
    • Holman, R.R., Bethel, M.A., Mentz, R.J., et al. Effects of once-weekly exenatide on cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 377:13 (2017), 1228–1239.
    • (2017) N Engl J Med , vol.377 , Issue.13 , pp. 1228-1239
    • Holman, R.R.1    Bethel, M.A.2    Mentz, R.J.3
  • 87
    • 84982082404 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of liraglutide on clinical stability among patients with advanced heart failure and reduced ejection fraction: a randomized clinical trial
    • Margulies, K.B., Hernandez, A.F., Redfield, M.M., et al. Effects of liraglutide on clinical stability among patients with advanced heart failure and reduced ejection fraction: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA 316:5 (2016), 500–508.
    • (2016) JAMA , vol.316 , Issue.5 , pp. 500-508
    • Margulies, K.B.1    Hernandez, A.F.2    Redfield, M.M.3
  • 88
    • 84996938099 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of liraglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 analogue, on left ventricular function in stable chronic heart failure patients with and without diabetes (LIVE): a multicentre, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial
    • Jorsal, A., Kistorp, C., Holmager, P., et al. Effect of liraglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 analogue, on left ventricular function in stable chronic heart failure patients with and without diabetes (LIVE): a multicentre, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Eur J Heart Fail 19:1 (2017), 69–77.
    • (2017) Eur J Heart Fail , vol.19 , Issue.1 , pp. 69-77
    • Jorsal, A.1    Kistorp, C.2    Holmager, P.3
  • 89
    • 85015765803 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibition for the reduction of cardiovascular events in high-risk patients with diabetes mellitus
    • Marx, N., McGuire, D.K., Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibition for the reduction of cardiovascular events in high-risk patients with diabetes mellitus. Eur Heart J 37:42 (2016), 3192–3200.
    • (2016) Eur Heart J , vol.37 , Issue.42 , pp. 3192-3200
    • Marx, N.1    McGuire, D.K.2
  • 90
    • 84944800184 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Empagliflozin, Cardiovascular outcomes, and mortality in type 2 diabetes
    • Zinman, B., Wanner, C., Lachin, J.M., et al. Empagliflozin, Cardiovascular outcomes, and mortality in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 373:22 (2015), 2117–2128.
    • (2015) N Engl J Med , vol.373 , Issue.22 , pp. 2117-2128
    • Zinman, B.1    Wanner, C.2    Lachin, J.M.3
  • 91
    • 85034766786 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Canagliflozin and cardiovascular and renal events in type 2 diabetes
    • Neal, B., Perkovic, V., Mahaffey, K.W., et al. Canagliflozin and cardiovascular and renal events in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 377:7 (2017), 644–657.
    • (2017) N Engl J Med , vol.377 , Issue.7 , pp. 644-657
    • Neal, B.1    Perkovic, V.2    Mahaffey, K.W.3
  • 92
    • 52949093903 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevention of diabetes and cardiovascular disease in patients with impaired glucose tolerance: rationale and design of the Nateglinide And Valsartan in Impaired Glucose Tolerance Outcomes Research (NAVIGATOR) Trial
    • Califf, R.M., Boolell, M., Haffner, S.M., et al. Prevention of diabetes and cardiovascular disease in patients with impaired glucose tolerance: rationale and design of the Nateglinide And Valsartan in Impaired Glucose Tolerance Outcomes Research (NAVIGATOR) Trial. Am Heart J 156:4 (2008), 623–632.
    • (2008) Am Heart J , vol.156 , Issue.4 , pp. 623-632
    • Califf, R.M.1    Boolell, M.2    Haffner, S.M.3
  • 93
    • 77951473452 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of nateglinide on the incidence of diabetes and cardiovascular events
    • NAVIGATOR Study Group, Holman, R.R., Haffner, S.M., et al. Effect of nateglinide on the incidence of diabetes and cardiovascular events. N Engl J Med 362:16 (2010), 1463–1476.
    • (2010) N Engl J Med , vol.362 , Issue.16 , pp. 1463-1476
    • Holman, R.R.1    Haffner, S.M.2
  • 94
    • 77958179761 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomized clinical trial of quick-release bromocriptine among patients with type 2 diabetes on overall safety and cardiovascular outcomes
    • Gaziano, J.M., Cincotta, A.H., O'Connor, C.M., et al. Randomized clinical trial of quick-release bromocriptine among patients with type 2 diabetes on overall safety and cardiovascular outcomes. Diabetes Care 33:7 (2010), 1503–1508.
    • (2010) Diabetes Care , vol.33 , Issue.7 , pp. 1503-1508
    • Gaziano, J.M.1    Cincotta, A.H.2    O'Connor, C.M.3
  • 95
    • 84877038797 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of bromocriptine-QR (a quick-release formulation of bromocriptine mesylate) on major adverse cardiovascular events in type 2 diabetes subjects
    • Gaziano, J.M., Cincotta, A.H., Vinik, A., et al. Effect of bromocriptine-QR (a quick-release formulation of bromocriptine mesylate) on major adverse cardiovascular events in type 2 diabetes subjects. J Am Heart Assoc, 1(5), 2012, e002279.
    • (2012) J Am Heart Assoc , vol.1 , Issue.5 , pp. e002279
    • Gaziano, J.M.1    Cincotta, A.H.2    Vinik, A.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.