Association for Academic Surgery presidential address: sticky floors and glass ceilings

Journal of Surgical Research

Volumn 219, Issue , 2017, Pages ix-xviii

  Greenberg, Caprice C ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AND PUBLIC HEALTH   (United States)

Author keywords

Academics; Gender Disparity; Gender Equity; Surgery

Indexed keywords

AGGRESSION; ARTICLE; CONVERSATION; EMPIRICAL RESEARCH; GENDER AND SEX; GENDER SCHEMA; HUMAN; MEDICAL SOCIETY; MICROAGGRESSION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SCOPE OF PRACTICE; SEX DIFFERENCE; SEX ROLE; STATISTICAL BIAS; SURGERY; TREATMENT FAILURE; TREATMENT OUTCOME; CAREER MOBILITY; ETHICS; FEMALE; FEMALE PHYSICIAN; GENDER IDENTITY; LEADERSHIP; MALE; MEDICAL SCHOOL; ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT; PHYSICIAN ATTITUDE; PREVENTION AND CONTROL; PSYCHOLOGY; SALARY AND FRINGE BENEFIT; SEXISM; STATISTICS AND NUMERICAL DATA; SURGEON; UNITED STATES; WOMEN'S RIGHTS;

CAREER MOBILITY; FACULTY, MEDICAL; FEMALE; GENDER IDENTITY; HUMANS; LEADERSHIP; MALE; PHYSICIAN'S ROLE; PHYSICIANS, WOMEN; SALARIES AND FRINGE BENEFITS; SEXISM; SOCIETIES, MEDICAL; SPECIALTIES, SURGICAL; SURGEONS; UNITED STATES; WOMEN'S RIGHTS;

EID: 85032038080     PISSN: 00224804     EISSN: 10958673     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2017.09.006     Document Type: Article

References (50)

1. Brunicardi, F.C., Jamshidian, M., Introduction to the 2017 Founders Lecture of the Association for Academic Surgery (AAS). J Surg Res 217 (2017), 1–2.
2. Polk, H.C. Jr., Rememberances from an early follower and leader of the Association for Academic Surgery. J Surg Res 217 (2017), 3–5.
3. Zinner, M., The three paradigm shifts of the 1980's and the AAS. J Surg Res 217 (2017), 6–8.
4. Soybel, D.I., The 1990s and the Association for Academic surgery. J Surg Res 217 (2017), 9–15.
5. Chu, D.I., Chen, H., The Association for Academic Surgeons (AAS) 2001-2010: a decade of inclusiveness. J Surg Res 217 (2017), 16–19.
6. Speer, A.L., Kao, L.S., The Association for Academic Surgery (AAS) 2011-present: standing on the shoulders of giants. J Surg Res, 2017.
7. Elmore, L.C., Jeffe, D.B., Jin, L., Awad, M.M., Turnbull, I.R., National Survey of burnout among us general surgery residents. J Am Coll Surg 223 (2016), 440–451.
8. Shanafelt, T.D., Balch, C.M., Bechamps, G.J., et al. Burnout and career satisfaction among American surgeons. Ann Surg 250 (2009), 463–471.
9. Dyrbye, L.N., Shanafelt, T.D., Balch, C.M., Satele, D., Sloan, J., Freischlag, J., Relationship between work-home conflicts and burnout among American surgeons. Arch Surg 146 (2011), 211–217.
10. USA a. Audi #DriveProgress big Game Commerical - “daughter”. [Video], 2017 Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G6u10YPk_34.
11. Zhuge, Y., Kaufman, J., Simeone, D.M., Chen, H., Velazquez, O.C., Is there still a glass ceiling for women in academic surgery?. Ann Surg 253 (2011), 637–643.
12. Andriole, D.J.D., Certification by the American board of surgery among US medical school graduates. J Am Coll Surg 214 (2012), 806–815.
13. Ban, K.A., Chung, J.W., Matulewicz, R.S., et al. Gender-based differences in surgical residents' perceptions of patient safety, continuity of care, and well-being: an analysis from the Flexibility in duty hour Requirements for surgical trainees (first) trial. J Am Coll Surg 224 (2017), 126–136.e2.
14. Jena, A.B., Khullar, D., Ho, O., Olenski, A.R., Blumenthal, D.M., Sex differences in academic rank in us medical schools in 2014. JAMA 314 (2015), 1149–1158.
15. Shen, H., Inequality quantified: mind the gender gap. Nature 495 (2013), 22–24.
16. Kaatz, A., Lee, Y.G., Potvien, A., et al. Analysis of national institutes of health R01 application critiques, impact, and criteria scores: does the sex of the principal investigator make a difference?. Acad Med 91 (2016), 1080–1088.
17. Kaatz, A., Dattalo, M., Regner, C., Filut, A., Carnes, M., Patterns of feedback on the bridge to independence: a qualitative thematic analysis of NIH mentored career development award application critiques. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 25 (2016), 78–90.
18. Bassett, L., The UN sent 3 foreign women to the U.S. to assess gender equality. They were horrified. 2015, The Huffington Post Available at: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/foreign-women-assess-us-gender-equality_us_566ef77de4b0e292150e92f0.
19. HuffPost. Pinksourcing with Kristen Bell - Celebs have issues Ep. 1. 2016 Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k_m5AlsQqcs.
20. American Association of University Women. The Simple Truth about the gender pay gap. 2016, American Association of University Women http://www.aauw.org/resource/the-simple-truth-about-the-gender-pay-gap/.
21. Jena, A.B., Olenski, A.R., Blumenthal, D.M., Sex differences in physician salary in us public medical schools. JAMA Intern Med 176 (2016), 1294–1304.
22. Ash, A.S., Carr, P.L., Goldstein, R., Friedman, R.H., Compensation and advancement of women in academic medicine: is there equity?. Ann Intern Med 141 (2004), 205–212.
23. DesRoches, C.M., Zinner, D.E., Rao, S.R., Iezzoni, L.I., Campbell, E.G., Activities, productivity, and compensation of men and women in the life sciences. Acad Med 85 (2010), 631–639.
24. Jagsi, R., Griffith, K.A., Stewart, A., Sambuco, D., DeCastro, R., Ubel, P.A., Gender differences in salary in a recent cohort of early-career physician-researchers. Acad Med 88 (2013), 1689–1699.
25. Medscape. Medscape general surgeon compensation report 2016. 2016, Medscape 2016. Available at: https://www.medscape.com/sites/public/physician-comp/2016.
26. Jagsi, R., Griffith, K.A., Stewart, A., Sambuco, D., DeCastro, R., Ubel, P.A., Gender differences in the salaries of physician researchers. JAMA 307 (2012), 2410–2417.
27. The Daily Show with Trevor Noah. American soccer's gender wage gap: the daily show. 2016 Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x9GqWoy6__s.
28. Tsugawa, Y., Jena, A.B., Figueroa, J.F., Orav, E.J., Blumenthal, D.M., Jha, A.K., Comparison of hospital mortality and readmission rates for medicare patients treated by male vs female physicians. JAMA Intern Med 177 (2017), 206–213.
29. Association of American Medical Colleges. Physician specialty data report 2016. 2016.
30. Manahan, E., Wang, L., Chen, S., et al. What is a breast surgeon worth? A salary survey of the American Society of Breast Surgeons. Ann Surg Oncol 22 (2015), 3257–3263.
31. Hamblin, J., What doctors make. 2015, The Atlantic Available at: https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2015/01/physician-salaries/384846/.
32. Spencer, E.S., Deal, A.M., Pruthi, N.R., et al. Gender differences in compensation, job satisfaction and other practice patterns in Urology. J Urol 195 (2016), 450–455.
33. Valian, V., Why so Slow?. 1999, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.
34. Waldman, P., Why Clinton will always have low favorable ratings, no matter what she does. 2016, The Washington Post 2016;Opinion. Available at: https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/plum-line/wp/2016/08/31/why-clinton-will-always-have-low-favorable-ratings-no-matter-what-she-does/?utm_term=.979156210ad8.
35. Okimoto, T.G., Brescoll, V.L., The price of power: power seeking and backlash against female politicians. Pers Soc Psychol Bull 36 (2010), 923–936.
36. Sandberg, S.G., Adam, Speaking while female. 2015, The New York Times Available at: https://www.nytimes.com/2015/01/11/opinion/sunday/speaking-while-female.html.
37. Petri, A., Famous quotes, the way a women would have to say them during a meeting. 2015, The Washington Post 2015;Opinion. Available at: https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/compost/wp/2015/10/13/jennifer-lawrence-has-a-point-famous-quotes-the-way-a-woman-would-have-to-say-them-during-a-meeting/?utm_term=.d7ebc7081580.
38. Landsbaum, C., Obama's female staffers came up with a genius strategy to make sure their voices were heard. 2016, New York Magazine Available at: https://www.thecut.com/2016/09/heres-how-obamas-female-staffers-made-their-voices-heard.html.
39. Casey, P.M., Warren, R.K., Cheesman, F.L. II, Elek, J.K., Helping Courts address implicit bias. 2012, National Center for State Courts Available at: http://aja.ncsc.dni.us/publications/courtrv/cr49-1/CR49-1Casey.pdf.
40. Ethnicity KIftSoRa. Understanding implicit bias. 2015 Available at: http://kirwaninstitute.osu.edu/research/understanding-implicit-bias/.
41. Sue, D.W., Capodilupo, C.M., Torino, G.C., et al. Racial microaggressions in everyday life: implications for clinical practice. Am Psychol 62 (2007), 271–286.
42. Bertrand, M., Mullainathan, S., Are Emily and Greg more employable than Lakisha and Jamal? A field experiement on labor market discrimination. Am Econ Rev 94 (2004), 991–1013.
43. Moss-Racusin, C.D., Dovidio, J.F., Brescoll, V.L., Graham, M.J., Handelsman, J., Science faculty's subtle gender biases favor male students. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 109 (2012), 16474–16479.
44. @manwhohasitall. The man who has it all. 2017 Available at: https://twitter.com/manwhohasitall?ref_src=twsrc%5Egoogle%7Ctwcamp%5Eserp%7Ctwgr%5Eauthor.
45. Twitter. #ilooklikeasurgeon. 2017 Available at: https://twitter.com/hashtag/ilooklikeasurgeon?lang=en.
46. Goldin, C., Rouse, C., Orchestrating impartiality: the impact of “blind” auditions on female musicians. Am Econ Rev 90 (2000), 715–741.
47. Carnes, M., Devine, P.G., Baier Manwell, L., et al. The effect of an intervention to break the gender bias habit for faculty at one institution: a cluster randomized, controlled trial. Acad Med 90 (2015), 221–230.
48. Nations, U., Emma Watson at the HeForShe campaign 2014-official UN video. 2014 Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gkjW9PZBRfk.
49. Women U. UN Women launches HeForShe IMPACT 10x10x10 iniative. 2015 Available at: http://www.unwomen.org/en/news/stories/2015/01/emma-watson-launches-10-by-10-by-10.
50. Sandberg, S., Lean in: women, work, and the will to lead. 2013, Alfred A. Knopf, New York, NY.