The analysis and interpretation of noble gases in modern hydrothermal systems

The Noble Gases as Geochemical Tracers

Volumn , Issue , 2013, Pages 249-317

  Sano, Yuji ^a   Fischer, Tobias P ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TOKYO   (Japan)

^b UNIVERSITY OF NEW MEXICO   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CARBON DIOXIDE; DEGASSING; GASES; GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION; HELIUM; HOT SPRINGS; METHANE; NEON; NITROGEN; SEISMOLOGY; TECTONICS; VOLCANOES;

CRUSTAL CONTAMINATION; HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEM; ISOTOPE DILUTION METHODS; ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION; NOBLE GAS ISOTOPES; SEISMIC TOMOGRAPHY; TEMPORAL VARIATION; VOLCANIC ACTIVITIES;

ISOTOPES;

EID: 85031029741     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-28836-4_10     Document Type: Chapter

References (296)

1. Aeschbach-Hertig W, Kipfer R, Hofer M, imboden DM, Wieler R, Signer P (1996) Quantification of gas fluxes from the subcontinental mantle: the example of Laacher See, a maar lake in Germany. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 60(1):31-41
2. Aka FT, Nagao K, Kusakabe M, Sumino H, Tanyileke G, Ateba B, Hell J (2004) Symmetrical helium isotope distribution on the Cameroon Volcanic Line, West Africa. Chem Geol 203(3-4):205-223
3. 3He in natural sources of helium. Phys Rev 74:1590-1594
4. Altemose VO (1961) Helium diffusion through glass. J App Phys 32:1309-1316
5. Anders E, Grevesse N (1989) Abundances of the elements—meteoritic and solar. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 53:197-214
6. Andrews J (1985) The isotopic composition of radiogenic helium and its use to study groundwater movement in confined aquifers. Chem Geol 49:339-351
7. Ballentine C, Burnard P (2002) Production, release and transport of noble gases in the continental crust. In: Porcelli D, Ballentine C, Wieler R (eds) Noble gases in geochemistry and cosmochemistry, vol 47. Mineral-ogical Society of America, Washington, pp 481-529
8. Barfod D, Ballentine C, Halliday A, Fitton J (1999) Noble gases in the Cameroon line and the He, Ne, and Ar isotopic compositions of high mu (HIMU) mantle. J Geophys Res 104(29-29):527. doi:510.1029/1999JB900280
9. Baskov YA, Vetsheyn VY, Surikov SN, Tostikhin IN, Malyuk GA, Mishina TA (1973) Isotope composition of H, O, C, Ar and He in hot springs and gases in the Kuril-Kamtchatka volcanic region as indicators of formation conditions. Geochem Int 10:130-138
10. Beterle U, Aeschbach-Hertig W, Imboden DM, Baur H, Graf T, Kipfer R (2000) A mass spectrometric system for the analysis of noble gases and tritium from water samples. Environ Sci Technol 34:2042-2050
11. Binachi D, Sarmiento JL, Gnanadesikan A, Key RM, Schlosser P, Newton R (2010) Low helium flux from the mantle inferred from simulations of oceanic helium isotope data. Earth Planet Sci Lett 297:379-386
12. Braeuer K, Kaempf H, Niedermann S, Strauch G, Weise SM (2004) Evidence for a nitrogen flux directly derived from the European subcontinental mantle in the Western Eger Rift, Central Europe. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 68:4935-4947
13. Braitseva OA, Melekestsev IV, Ponomareva VV, Sul-erzhitsky LD (1995) Ages of calderas, large explosive craters and active volcanoes in the Kurile-Kamchatka region, Russia. Bull Volcanol 57:383-402
14. Breddam K, Kurz MD, Storey M (2000) Mapping out the conduit of the Iceland mantle plume with helium isotopes. Earth Planet Sci Lett 176:45-55
15. Burnard PG, Graham DW, Turner G (1997) Vesicle specific noble gas analyses of “popping rock”: implications for primordial noble gases in earth. Science 276:568-571
16. Caracausi A, Italiano F, Paonita A, Rizzo A, Nuccio PM (2003) Evidence of deep magma degassing and ascent by geochemistry of peripheral gas emissions at Mount Etna (Italy): assessment of the magmatic reservoir pressure. J Geophys Res 108(NO. B10):2463
17. Canalas RA, Alexander EC, Manuel OK (1968) Terrestrial abundances of noble gas. J Geophys Res 73:3331-3334
18. Charlou J, Fouquet Y, Donval J, Auzende J, Jean-Baptiste P, Stienvenard M, Michel S (1996) Mineral and gas chemistry of hydrothermal fluids along an ultra-fast spreading ridge: East Pacific Rise, 17°S to 19°S (NAUDUR cruise, 1993). Phase separation process controlled by volcanic and tectonic activity. J Geophys Res 101:11591-15899
19. Charlou JL, Fouquet Y, Bougault H, Donval JP, Etou-bleau J, Jean-Baptiste P, Dapoigny A, Appriou P, Rona PA (1998) Intense CH4 plumes generated by serpentinization of ultramafic rocks at the intersection of the 15 co20'N fracture zone and the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 62(13):2323-2333
20. Charlou J, Donval J, Douville E, Jean-Baptiste P, Radford-Knoery J, Fouquet Y, Dapoigny A, Stieve-nard M (2000) Compared geochemical signatures and evolution of Menez Gwen (37°50N) and Lucky Strike (37°17N) hydrothermal fluids, south of the Azores Triple junction on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Chem Geol 171:49-75
21. 4 vent fluids issuing from ultramafic rocks at the rainbow hydrothermal field (36°14N, MAR). Chem Geol 191:345-359
22. Christiansen RL, Foulger GR, Evans JR (2002) Upper mantle origin of the Yellowstone hot spot. Geol Soc Amer Bull 114:1245-1256
23. 3He in the sea: evidence for terrestrial primordial helium. Earth Planet Sci Lett 6:213-220
24. Clift P, Vannucchi P (2004) Controls on tectonic accretion versus erosion in subduction zones: implications for the origin and recycling of the continental crust. Rev Geophys 42:RG2001
25. Clor LE, Fischer TP, Hilton DR, Sharp ZD, Hartono U (2005) Volatile and N isotope chemistry of the Molucca Sea collision zone: tracing source components along the Sangihe Arc, Indonesia. Geochem Geophys Geosyst 6:Q03J14. doi:10.1029/2004GC000825
26. Cole JW, Lewis KB (1981) Evolution of the Taupo Hikurangi subduction system. Tectonophysics 72:1-21
27. Corliss JB, Dymond J, Gordon LI, Edmond JM, von Herzen RP, Ballard RD, Green K, Williams D, Bainbridge A, Crane K, van Andel TH (1979) Submarine thermal springs on the Galapagos Rift. Science 203:1073-1083
28. Courtillot V, Davaille A, Besse J, Stock J (2003) Three distinct types of hot spots in the Earth’s mantle. Earth Planet Sci Lett 205:295-308
29. Craig H (1953) The geochemistry of sable carbon isotopes. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 3:53-92
30. Craig H (1963) The isotopic geochemistry of water and carbon in geothermal areas. In: Nuclear geology on geothermal area (9-13 Sept 1963), pp 17-53.
31. Consi-glio Nazionale delle Richerche, Laboratorio di Geo-logia Nucleare, Pisa Craig H, Lupton JE (1976) Primordial neon, helium, and hydrogen in oceanic basalts. Earth Planet Sci Lett 31:369-385
32. Craig H, Lupton JE (1981) Helium 3 and mantle volatiles in the ocean and the oceanic crust. In: The oceanic lithosphere, vol 7, The sea, vol 7, chapter 11. Wiley, London
33. Craig H, Lupton JE, Welhan JA, Poreda R (1978) Helium isotope ratios in Yellowstone and Lassen Park volcanic gases. Geophys Res Lett 5(897-900)
34. 2 and He from springs in the southern Colorado Plateau region-Neotectonic connections and implications for groundwater systems. Geol Soc Am Bull 121(7-8):1034-1053
35. Davy B, Wood RA (1994) Gravity and magnetic modelling of the Hikurangi Plateau. Mar Geol 118:139-151
36. 2 isotope and relative abundance characteristics of geothermal fluids in El Salvador and Honduras: new constraints on volatile mass balance of the Central American Volcanic Arc. Earth Planet Sci Lett 158:132-146
37. DeMetis C, Gordon RG, Argus DF, Stein S (1990) Current plate motions. Geophys J Intl 101:425-478
38. Dogan T, Sumino H, Nagao K, Notsu K (2006) Release of mantle helium from the forearc region of the Philippine Sea plate subduction. Chem Geol 233:235-248
39. Dymond J, Hogan L (1974) The effects of deep-sea volcanism on the gas concentration of ocean water. J Geophys Res 79:877-880
40. Eberhart-Phillips D, Reyners M, Chadwick M, Stuart G (2008) Three-dimensional attenuation structure of the Hikurangi subduction zone in the central North Island, New Zealand. Geophys J Intern 174:418-434
41. Elkins L, Fischer TP, Hilton DR, Sharp ZD, McKnight S, Walker JA (2006) Tracing nitrogen in volcanic and geothermal volatiles from the Nicaraguan volcanic front. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 70:5215-5235
42. Evans WC, Bergfeld D, van Soest MC, Huebner MA, Fitzpatrick J, Revesz KM (2006) Geochemistry of low-temperature springs northwest of Yellowstone caldera: seeking the link between seismicity, deformation, and fluid flow. J Volcanol Geotherm Res 154:169-180
43. Faber E, Botz R, Poggenburg J, Schmidt M, Stoffers P, Hartmann M (1998) Methane in Red Sea brines. Org Geochem 29:363-379
44. 4 in arc magmatic-hydrothermal systems. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 68:2321-2334
45. Fischer TP, Sturchio NC, Stix J, Arehart GB, Counce D, Williams SN (1997) The chemical and isotopic composition of fumarolic gases and spring discharges from Galeras Volcano, Colombia. J Volcanol Geotherm Res 77:229-254
46. Fischer TP, Giggenbach WF, Sano Y, Williams SN (1998) Fluxes and sources of volatiles discharged from Kudryavy, a subduction zone volcano, Kurile Islands. Earth Planet Sci Lett 160:81-96
47. Fischer TP, Hilton DR, Zimmer MM, Shaw AM, Sharp ZD, Walker JA (2002) Subduction and recycling of nitrogen along the Central American margin. Science 297:1154-1157
48. Fischer TP, Burnard P, Marty B, Hilton DR, Furi E, Palhol F, Sharp ZD, Mangasini F (2009) Upper-mantle volatile chemistry at Oldoinyo Lengai volcano and the origin of carbonatites. Nature 459:77-80
49. Fourre E, J-B P, J-L C, J-P D, I J (2006) Helium isotopic composition of hydrothermal fluids from the Manus back-arc Basin, Papua New Guinea. Geochem J 40:245-252
50. Furi E, Hilton DR, Halldorsson SA, Barry PH, Hahm D, Fischer TP, Gronvold K (2010) Apparent decoupling of the He and Ne isotope systematics of the Icelandic mantle: The role of He depletion, melt mixing, degassing fractionation and air interaction. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 74(11):3307-3332
51. Gamo T, Chiba H, Yamanaka T, Okudaira T, Hashimoto J, Tsuchida S, Ishibashi J, Kataoka S, Tsunogai U, Kouzuma F, Okamura K, Sano Y, Shinjo R (2001) Chemical characteristics of newly discovered black-smoker fluid venting and its effluent dispersion at the Rodriguez Triple Junction, Indian Ridge. Earth Planet Sci Lett 193:371-379
52. Gamo T, Masuda H, Yamanaka T, Okamura K, Ishibashi J, Nakayama E, Obata H, Shitashima K, Nishio Y, Hasumoto H, Watanabe M, Mitsuzawa K, Seama N, Tsunogai U, Kouzuma F, Sano Y (2004) Discovery of a new hydrothermal venting site in the southernmost Mariana Arc: Al-rich hydrothermal plumes and white smoker activity associated with biogenic methane. Geochem J 38:527-534
53. Ganino C, Arndt NT (2010) Climate changes caused by degassing of sediments during the emplacement of large igneous provinces. Geology 37:323-326
54. German CR, Von Damm KL (2004) Hydrothermal processes. In: Treatise geochem (The oceans mar geochem), vol 6, pp 181-222
55. Gharib J, Sansone F, Resing J, Baker E, Lupton J, Massoth G (2005) Methane dynamics in hydrothermal plumes over a superfast spreading center: East Pacific Rise, 27.5°-32.3°S. J Geophys Res 110:B10101
56. Giggenbach WF (1975) A simple method for the collection and analysis of volcanic gas samples. Bull Volcanol 39(1):132-145
57. Giggenbach WF (1984) Mass transfer in hydrothermal alteration systems. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 84(2693-2627):2611
58. Giggenbach WF (1987) Redox processes governing the chemistry of fumarolic gas discharges from White Island, New Zealand. Appl Geochem 2:141-161
59. Giggenbach WF (1996) Chemical composition of volcanic gases. In: Scarpa R, Tilling R (eds) IAVCEI-UNESCO: monitoring and mitigation of volcano hazards, pp 221-256
60. 4 contents in gases produced along the New Zealand part of a convergent plate boundary. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 57:3427-3455
61. Giggenbach WF, Tedesco D, Sulisiyo Y, Caprai A, Cioni R, Favara R, Fischer TP, Hirabayashi J, Korzhinsky M, Martini M, Menyailov I, Shinohara H (2001) Evaluation of results from Forth and Fifth IAVCEI Field Workshop on Volcanic Gases, Vulcano Island, Italy and Java, Indonesia. J Volc Geotherm Res 108:283-302
62. Goff F, McMurtry GM, Counce D, Stimac JA, Roldan-Manzo AR, Hilton DR (2000) Contrasting hydrothermal activity at Sierra Negra and Alcedo volcanoes, Galapagos Archipelago, Ecuador. Bull Volc 62:34-52
63. Gold T (1979) Terrestrial sources of carbon and earthquake outgassing. J Pet Geol 1:3-19
64. Gonnermann HM, Mukhopadhyay S (2007) Non-equilibrium degassing and a primordial source of helium in ocean-island volcanism. Nature 449:1037-1040
65. Gorbatov A, Dominguez J, Suârez G, Kostoglodov V, Zhao D (1999) Tomographic imaging of the P-wave velocity structure beneath the Kamchatka peninsula. Geophys J Int 137:269-279
66. Graham DW (2002) Noble gas isotope geochemistry of Mid-Ocean Ridge and Ocean Island Basalts: characterization of mantle source regions. In: Porcelli D, Ballentine C, Wieler R (eds) MSA special volume: noble gases, vol 47, pp 247-317
67. Grassineau NV (2006) High-precision EA-IRMA analysis of S and C isotopes in geological materials. App Geochem 21:756-765
68. Gunter BD, Musgrave JA (1966) Gas chromatographic measurements of hydrothermal emanations at Yellowstone National Park. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 30:1175-1189
69. Hacker BR, Peacock SM, Abers GA, Holloway SD (2003) Subduction factory 2. Are intermediate-depth earthquakes in subducting slabs linked metamorphic dehydration reaction? J Geophys Res 108:2030. doi: 2010.1029/2001JB001129
70. Hasegawa A, Nakajima J (2004) Geophyscial constraints on slab subduction and arc magmatism. In: The state of the planet: frontiers and challenges in geophysics. Geophysical Monograph 150, IUGG, vol 19, pp 1-13
71. Hearn EH, Kennedy BM, Trudell AH (1990) Coupled variations in helium isotopes and fluid chemistry: Shoshone Geyser Basin, Yellowstone National Park. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 54:3103-3113
72. Heiweil VM, Solomon DK, Gingerich SB, Verstraeten IM (2009) Oxygen, hydrogen, and helium isotopes for investigating groundwater systems of the Cape Verde Islands, West Africa. Hydrogeol J 17:1157-1174
73. Hilton DR (1996) The helium and carbon isotope systematics of a continental geothermal system— results from monitoring studies at Long Valley Caldera (California, USA). Chem Geol 127:269-295
74. Hilton DR, Hammerschidt K, Look G, Friedrichsen H (1993a) Helium and argon isotope systematics of the central Lau Basin and Valu Fa Ridge: evidence of crust/matle interactions in a back-arc basin. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 57:2819-2841
75. Hilton DR, Hammerschmidt K, Teufel S, Friedrichsen H (1993b) Helium isotope characteristics of Andean geothermal fluids and lavas. Earth Planet Sci Lett 120:265-282
76. Hilton DR, Gronvold K, Sveinbjornsdottir AE, Hammerschmidt K (1998) Helium isotope evidence for off-axis degassing of the Icelandic hot spot. Chem Geol 149:173-187
77. Hilton DR, Macpherson CG, Elliott TR (2000) Helium isotope ratios in mafic phenocrysts and geothermal fluids from La Palma, the Canary Islands (Spain): implications for HIMU mantle sources. Geochim Cospmochim Acta 64:2119-2132
78. Hilton DR, Fischer TP, Marty B (2002) Noble gases in subduction zones and volatile recycling. In: Porcelli D, Ballentine C, Wieler R (eds) MSA special volume: noble gases in geochemistry and cosmochemistry. 47:319-362
79. Hilton DR, Ramirez CJ, Mora-Amador R, Fischer TP, Furi E, Barry PH, Shaw AM (2010) Monitoring of temporal and spatial variations in fumarole helium and carbon dioxide characteristics at Poas and Turrialba volcanoes, Costa Rica (2001-2009). Geo-chem J 44:431-440
80. Honda M, Reynolds JH, Roedder E, Epstein S (1987) Noble gases in diamonds: occurrences of solar like helium and neaon. J Geophys Res 92:12507-12521
81. Hooft EEE, Toomey DR, Solomon SC (2003) Anomalously thin transition zone beneath the Galapagos hotspot. Earth Planet Sci Lett 216:55-64
82. Horiguchi K, Ueki S, Sano Y, Takahata N, Hasegawa A, Igarashi G (2010) Geographical distribution of helium isotope ratios in northeastern Japan. Island Arc 19:60-70
83. Hulston JR, Lupton JE (1996) Helium isotope studies of geothermal fields in the Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand. J Volcanol Geoth Res 74(3-4):297-321
84. Hulston JR, Hilton DR, Kaplan IR (2001) Helium and carbon isotope systematics of natural gases from Taranaki Basin, New Zealand. Appl Geochem 16:419-436
85. Ide S, Shiomi K, Mochizuki K, Tonegawa T, Kimura G (2010) Split Philippine Sea plate beneath Japan. Geophys Res Lett 37:L21304. doi: 10.1029/2010GL044585
86. Igarashi G, Kodera M, Ozima M, Sano Y, Wakita H (1987) Noble gas elemental and isotopic abundances in deep sea trench in the West Pacific. Earth Planet Sci Lett 86:77-84
87. Inguaggiato S, Taran Y, Grassa F, Capasso G, Favara R, Varley N, Faber E (2004) Nitrogen isotopes in thermal fluids of a forearc region (Jalisco Block, Mexico): evidence for heavy nitrogen from continental crust. Geochem Geophys Geosyst 5
88. Ishibashi J, Wakita H, Nojiri Y, Grimaud D, Jean-Baptiste P, Gamo T, Auzende J, Urabe T (1994) Helium and carbon geochemistry of hydrothermal fluids from the North Fiji Basin spreading ridge (southwest Pacific). Earth Planet Sci Lett 128:183-197
89. Ishibashi J, Sano Y, Wakita H, Gamo T, Tsutsumi M, Sakai H (1995) Helium and carbon geochemistry of hydrothermal fluids from the Mid-Okinawa Trough Back Arc Basin, southwest of Japan. Chem Geol 123(1‘Äì4):1-15
90. 2O and melting in subduction zones. Earth Planet Sci Lett 160:65-80
91. Jaffe LA, Hilton DR, Fischer TP, Hartono U (2004) Tracing magma sources in an arc-arc collision zone: helium and carbon isotope and relative abundance systematics of the Sangihe Arc, Indonesia. Geochem Geophys Geosyst 5:Q04J10. doi:10.1029/2003GC000660
92. Jambon A, Weber H, Braun O (1986) Solubility of He, Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe in a basalt melt in the range 12501600 °C. Geochemical implications. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 50:401-408
93. Jean-Baptiste P, Charlou JL, Stievenard M, Donval JP, Bougault H, Mevel C (1991) Helium and methane measurements in hydrothermal fluids from the Mid-Atlantic-Ridge: the Snakepit site at 23°N. Earth Planet Sci Lett 106:17-28
94. Jean-Baptiste P, Charlou J, Fouquet Y, Dapoigny A, Stievenard M, Donval J, Auzende J (1997) Helium and oxygen isotope analyses of hydrothermal fluids from the East Pacific Rise between 17°S and 19°S. Geo-Marine Lett 17:213-219
95. 3He in hydrothermal vents and plume of the Lucky Strike site (MAR 37°17N) and associated geothermal heat flux. Earth Planet Sci Lett 157:69-77
96. Jean-Baptiste P, Fouzrr E, Charlou J-L, German CR, Radford-Knoery J (2004) Helium isotopes at the rainbow hydrothermal site (Mid-Atlantic Ridge, 36°14'N). Earth Planet Sci Lett 221(1-4):325-335
97. Jean-Baptiste P, Allard P, Bani P, Garaebiti E, Pelletier B, Fourré E, Metrich N (2009) Highly variable helium isotope ratios in the Vanuatu volcanic arc. Amer Geophys Union, Fall Meeting 2009, abstract #T21A-1774
98. Jean-Baptiste P, Allard P, Coutinho R, Ferreira T, Fourr È E, Queiroz G, Gaspar JL (2009b) Helium isotopes in hydrothermal volcanic fluids of the Azores archipelago. Earth Planet Sci Lett 281(1-2):70-80
99. Jenden PD, Kaplan IR, Poreda R, Craig H (1988) Origin of nitrogen-rich gases in the Califronia Great Valley: evidence from helium, carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 52:852-861
100. Jenden PD, Hilton DR, Kaplan IR, Craig H (1993) Abiogenic hydrocarbons and mantle helium in oil and gas field. In: Howell DG (ed) The future of energy gases. US Geol Survey Prof Paper 1570:31-56
101. 3He in the beta triangle: observations of gyre ventilation and oxygen utilization rates. J Phys Oceanogr 17:763-783
102. Jiang G, Zhao D, Zhang G (2009) Seismic tomography of the Pacific slab edge under Kamchatka. Tectonophys-ics 465:190-203
103. JinXing D, CaiNeng Z, ShuiChang Z, Jian L, YunYan N, GuoYi H, Xia L, ShiZhen L, GuangYou Z, JingKui M, ZhiSheng L, AnPing H, Chun Y, QingHua Z, YanHua S, Ying Z, ChengHua M (2008) Discrimination of abiogenic and biogenic alkane gases. Sci China Ser D—Earth Sci 51:1737-1749
104. Kamensky IL, Lobkov VA, Prasolov EM, Beskrovny NS, Kudryavtseva EI, Anufriev GS, Pavlov VP (1976) Components of the upper mantle in gases of Kamchatka. Insight from isotope data (He, Ne, Ar, and C). Geochem Int 1976:682-696
105. Kawagucci S, Okamura K, Kiyota K, Tsunogai U, Sano Y, Tamaki K, Gamo T (2008) Hydrothermal plumes over the Central Indian Ridge, 18°-20°S. G-Cubed 9:Q10002
106. Keir R, Schmale O, Seifert R, Sultenfub J (2009) Isotope fractionation and mixing in methane plumes from the Logatchev hydrothermal field. G-cubed 10:Q05005
107. Kennedy BM, Lynch MA, Reynolds JH, Smith SP (1985) Intensive sampling of noble gases in fluids at Yellowstone: I Early overview of the data; regional patterns. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 49:1251-1261
108. Kennedy BM, Reynolds JR, Smith SP, Truesdell AH (1987) Helium isotopes: Lower Geysir Basin, Yellowstone National Park. J Geophys Res 92:12477-12480
109. Kennedy BM, Reynolds JH, Smith SP (1988) Noble gas geochemistry in thermal springs. Geochim Cosmo-chim Acta 52:1919-1928
110. Kennedy BM, Hiyagon H, Reynolds JH (1990) Crustal neon: a striking uniformity. Earth Planet Sci Lett 98:277-286
111. Kennedy BM, Hiyagon H, Reynolds JH (1991) Noble gases from Honduras geothermal sites. J Volcanol Geotherm Res 45(1-2):29-39
112. Keosian J (1960) On the origin of life. Science 131:479-482
113. Kim K, Welhan J, Craig H (1984) The hydrothermal vent fields at 13°N and 11°N on the East Pacific Rise: Alvin 1984 results. EOS 68:45
114. Kodera M, Igarashi G, Ozima M (1988) Noble gases in hydrothermal plumes of Loihi Seamount. Earth Planet Sci Lett 87:266-272
115. Kononov VI, Mamyrin VA, Polak BG, Khabarin LV (1974) Helium isotopes in gases of Icelandic hydrothermal. Dokl Akad Nauk SSSR 217:172-175
116. Kulngoski JT, Hilton DR (2002) A quadrupole-based mass spectrometric system for the determination of noble gas abundances in fluids. Geochem Geophys Geosyst 3:U1-U10
117. Kumagai H, Dick H, Kaneoka I (2003) Noble gas signatures of abyssal gabbros and peridotites at an Indian Ocean core complex. Geochem Geophys Geosyst 4:9107. doi:9110.1029/2003GC000540
118. Kurz MD (1986) Cosmogenic helium in a terrestrial igneous rock. Nature 320:435-439
119. Kurz MD, Meyer PS, Sigurdsson H (1985) Helium isotopic systematics within the neovolcanic zones of iceland. Earth Planet Sci Lett 74:291-305
120. Kusakabe M, Nagao K, Ohba T, Seo J, Park S-H, Lee J, Park B-K (2009) Noble gas and stable isotope geochemistry of thermal fluids from Deception Island. Antarct Antarct Sci 21(3):255-267
121. Langmuir CH, Vocke RD Jr, Hanson GN, Hart SR (1978) A general mixing equation with applications to Icelandic basalts. Earth Planet Sci Lett 37:380-392
122. Lee H-F, Yang TF, Lan TF, Chen C-H, Song S-R, Tsao S (2008) Temporal variations of gas compositions of fumaroles in the Tatun Volcano Group, northern Taiwan. J Volcanol Geoth Res 178(4):624-635
123. Lei J, Zhao D (2006) A new insight into the Hawaiian plume. Earth Planet Sci Lett 241:438-453
124. Li X, Kind R, Yuan X (2001) Upper mantle structure and transition zone thickness beneath ocean islands from receiver function study. Eos Trans AGU 82(47), Fall Meet Suppl, Abstract S42B-0633
125. Lilley M, Baross J, Gordon L (1983) Reduced gases and bacteria in hydrothermal fluids The Galapagos spreading center and 21°N East Pacific Rise. In: Rona PA et al (ed) Hydrothermal processes at seafloor spreading centers, plenum, pp 411-419
126. 4+ concentrations at an unsedimented mid-ocean-ridge hydrothermal system. Nature 364:45-47
127. Lupton JE (1983) Terestrial rare gases: isotope tracer studies and clues to primordial components in the mmantle. Ann Rev Earth Planet Sci 11:371-414
128. Lupton JE, Baker ET, Massoth GJ (1999) Helium, heat, and the generation of hydrothermal event plumes at mid-ocean ridges. Earth Planet Sci Lett 171(3):343-350
129. Lux GE (1987) The behavior of noble gases in silicate liquids; solution, diffusion, bubbles and surface effects, with applications to natural samples. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 51(6):1549-1560
130. Lyon GL, Giggenbach WF, Sano Y (1996) Variations in the chemical and isotopic composition of Taranaki gases and their possible causes. N Z Petrol Conf 1:171-174
131. Magro G, Pennisi M (1991) Noble gases and nitrogen: mixing and temporal evolution in the fumarolic fluids of vulcano, Italy. J Volcanol Geotherm Res 47:237-247
132. Mamyrin BA, Tolstikhin IN (1984) Helium Isotopes in nature. Elsevier, Amsterdam, p 273
133. Mamyrin BA, Tolstikhin IN, Anufriyev GS, Kamenskiy IL (1969) Isotopic analysis of terrestrial helium on a magnetic resonance mass spectrometer. Geokhimiya 1969(595-602)
134. Mariner RH, Evans WC, Presser TS, White LD (2003) Excess nitrogen in selected thermal and mineral springs of the cascade range in Northern California, Oregon, and Washington; sedimentary or volcanic in origin? J Volcanol Geotherm Res 121:99-114
135. Marty B, Giggenbach WF (1990) Major and rare gases at White Island volcano, New Zealand: origin and flux of volatiles. Geophys Res Lett 17:247-250
136. 3He in volatile fluxes from the solid earth: implications for carbon geodynamics. Earth Planet Sci Lett 83:16-26
137. 2 in volcanic gases of Japan. Chem Geol 76:25-40
138. Marty B, Appora I, Barrat JAA, Deniel C, Vellutini P, Vidal P (1993a) He, Ar, Sr, Nd and Pb isotopes in volcanic rocks from Afar: evidence for a primitive mantle component and constraints on magmatic sources. Geochem J 27:219-228
139. Marty B, Meynier V, Nicolini E, Greissharber E, Toutain J (1993b) Geochemistry of gas emanations: a case study of the Rdunion. Hot Spot, Indian Ocean. Appl Geochem 8:141-152
140. Matsuda T, Uyeda S (1971) On the Pacific-type orogeny and its model-extension of the paired belts concept and possible origin of marginal sea. Tectonophysics 11:5-27
141. 4He ratios in well gases in the Kinki district, SW Japan: surface appearance of slab-derived fluids in a non-volcanic area in Kii Peninsula. Earth Planet Sci Lett 216:221-230
142. Mazor E, Wasserburg GJ (1965) Helium, neon, argon, krypton, and xenon in gas emanations from Yellowstone and Lassen Volcanic National Parks. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 29:443-454
143. Mazor E, Wasserburg GJ, Craig H (1964) Rare gases in Pacific Ocean water. Deep-sea Res 11:929-932
144. Merlivat L, Pineau F, Javoy M (1987) Hydrothermal vent waters at 13 °N on the East Pacific Rise: isotopic composition and gas concentration. Earth Planet Sci Lett 84:100-108
145. Mizoue M, Nakamura M, Seto N, Ishiketa Y (1971) Crustal structure from travel times of reflected and refracted seismic waves recorded at Wakayama micro-earthquake observatory and its substations. Bull Earthquake Res Inst Univ Tokyo 49:33-62
146. Montelli R, Nolet G, Dahlen FA, Masters G (2006) A catalogue of deep mantle plumes: new results from finite-frequency tomography. Geochem Geophys Geosys 7:Q11007
147. Moreira M, Blusztajn J, Curtice J, Hart S, Dick H, Kurz M (2003) He and Ne isotopes in oceanic crust: implications for noble gas recycling in the mantle. Earth Planet Sci Lett 216:635-643
148. Morgan WJ (1971) Convection plumes in the lower mantle. Nature 230:42-43
149. Morikawa N, Kazahaya K, Fourre E, Takahashi HA, Jean-Baptiste P, Ohwada M, LeGuern FJ, Nakama A (2008a) Magmatic He distribution around Unzen volcano inferred from intensive investigation of helium isotopes in groundwater. J Volcanol Geoth Res 175(1-2):218-230
150. Morikawa N, Kazahaya K, Masuda H, Ohwada M, Nakama A, Nagao K, Sumino H (2008b) Relationship between geological structure and helium isotopes in deep groundwater from the Osaka Basin: application to deep groundwater hydrology. Geochem J 42:61-74
151. Mortimer N, Parkinson D (1996) Hikurangi Plateau: a cretaceous large igneous province in the southwest Pacific Ocean. J Geophys Res 101:687-696
152. Nagao K, Takaoka N, Matsubayashi O (1981) Rare gas isotopic compositions in natural gases of Japan. Earth Planet Sci Lett 53(2):175-188
153. Nakai S, Wakita H, Nuccio PM, Italiano F (1997) MORB-type neon in an enriched mantle beneath Etna, Sicily. Earth Planet Sci Lett 153:57-66
154. Nakajima J, Hasegawa A (2007) Tomographic evidence for the mantle upwelling beneath southwestern Japan and its implications for arc magmatism. Earth Planet Sci Lett 254:90-105
155. Nakajima J, Matsuzawa T, Hasegawa A, Zhao D (2001) Three-dimensional structure of Vp, Vs and Vp/Vs beneath northeastern Japan: implications for arc magmatism and fluids. J Geophys Res 106:21843-21857
156. Nakanishi M, Tamaki K, Kobayashi K (1992) A new Mesozoic isochron chart of the northwestern Pacific Ocean: Paleomagnetic and tectonic implications. Geophys Res Lett 19:693-696
157. 2 measured by mass spectrometer with electron impact ionization. Anal Sci 11:9-12
158. Nolet G, Allen R, Zhao D (2007) Mantle plume tomography. Chem Geol 241:248-263
159. Norton FJ (1953) Helium diffusion through glass. J Amer Ceramic Soc 36:90-96
160. 4He in hot spring gas released from Unzen volcanic area, Japan. J Volcanol Geotherm Res 111:89-98
161. 2 bearing silicate liquids at moderate pressure II: the extended ionic porosity (EPI) model. Earth Planet Sci Lett 183:499-512
162. Nuccio PM, Paonita A (2001) Magmatic degassing of multicomponent vapors and assessment of magma depth: application to Vulcano Island (Italy). Earth Planet Sci Lett 193(3-4):467-481
163. Nuccio PM, Valenza V (1998) Magma degassing and geochemical detection of its ascent. In: Arehart GB, Hulston JR (eds) Water-rock interaction, pp 475-478 (Balkema AA, Brookfield, Vt)
164. Nuccio PM, Paonita A, Rizzo A, Rosciglione A (2008) Elemental and isotope covariation of noble gases in mineral phases from Etnean volcanics erupted during 2001-2005, and genetic relation with peripheral gas discharges. Earth Planet Sci Lett 272(3-4):683-690
165. Obara K (2002) Nonvolcanic deep tremor associated with subduction in southwest Japan. Science 296:1679-1681
166. Ohno M, Sumino H, Hernandez PA, Sato T, Nagao K (2011) Helium isotopes in the Izu Peninsula, Japan: relation of magma and crustal activity. J Volcanol Geotherm Res 199:118-126
167. Okino K, Shimakawa Y, Nagano S (1994) Evolution of the Shikoku Basin. J Geomag Geoelectr 46:463-479
168. Okino K, Ohara Y, Kasuga S, Kato Y (1999) The Philippine Sea: new survey results reveal the structure and the history of the marginal basins. Geophys Res Lett 26:2287-2290
169. O’Nions RK, Oxburgh ER (1988) Helium, volatiles fluxes and the development of continental crust. Earth Planet Sci Lett 90:331-347
170. Oppenheimer C, Fischer T, Scaillet B (2012) Volcanic degassing: process and impact. In: Holland HD, Turekian KK, Rudnick RL (eds) The crust, treatise on geochemistry, vol 4, 2nd edn. Elsevier-Pergamon, Oxford
171. Oxbough ER, O’Nions RK (1987) Helium loss, tectonics, and the terrestrial heat budget. Science 237:1583-1588
172. Ozima M, Podosek FA (1983) Noble gas geochemistry. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, p 367
173. Ozima M, Podosek FA (2002) Noble gas geochemistry. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
174. Ozima M, Zashu S (1983) Noble gases in submarine pillow volcanic glasses. Earth Planet Sci Lett 62(1):24-40
175. Pedroni A, Hammerschmidt K, Friedrichsen H (1999) He, Ne, Ar, and C systematics of geothermal emanations in the Lesser Antilles arc. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 63:515-532
176. Perez NM, Nakai S, Wakita H, Hernandez PA, Salazar JM (1996) Helium_3 emission in and around Teide Volcano, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain. Geophys Res Lett 23:3531-3534
177. Pierce KL, Morgan LA (1992) The track of the Yellowstone hot spot: volcanism, faulting and uplift. In: Link PK, Kuntz MA, Platt LB (eds) Regional geology of Eastern Idaho and Western Wyoming. Geological Society of America Memoir, vol 179, pp 1-53
178. Pierce KL, Morgan LA (2009) Is the track of the Yellowstone hotspot driven by a deep mantle plume?—review of volcanism, faulting and uplift in light new data. J Volcanol Geotherm Res 188:1-25
179. Pik R, Marty B, Hilton DR (2006) How many plumes in Africa? The geochemical point of view. Chem Geol 226:100-114
180. Poole JC, McNeill GW, Langman SR, Dennis F (1997) Analysis of noble gases in water using quadrupole mass spectrometer in static mode. Appl Geochem 12:707-714
181. Poreda RJ, Arnorsson S (1992) Helium isotopes in Icelandic geothermal systems: II. Helium-heat relationships. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 56:4229-4235
182. Poreda R, Jeffrey PM, Kaplan IR, Craig H (1988) Magmatic helium in subduction-zone natural gases. Chem Geol 71:199-210
183. 13C relations. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 56:4221-4228
184. Ray M, Hilton D, Munoz J, Fischer T, Shaw A (2009) The effects of volatile recycling, degassing and crustal contamination on the helium and carbon geochemistry of hydrothermal fluids from the Southern Volcanic Zone of Chile. Chem Geol 266:38-49
185. Raynoud D, Jouzel J, Barnola JM, Chappellaz J, Delmas RJ, Lorius C (1993) The ice record of greenhouse gases. Science 259:926-934
186. Reynes ME (1980) A microearthquake study of the plate boundary, North Island, New Zealand. Geophys J R Astr Soc 63:1-22
187. Reynolds JH, Jeffrey PM, McCrory GA, Varga PM (1978) Improved charcoal trap for rare gas mass spectrometry. Rev Sci Instrum 49:547-548
188. Rice DD, Claypool GE (1981) Generation, accumulation and resource potential of biogenic gas. Am Assoc Petrol Geol Bull 65:5-25
189. Rison W, Craig H (1983) Helium isotopes and mantle volatiles in the Loihi Seamount and Hawaiian Island basalts and xenoliths. Earth Planet Sci Lett 66:407-426
190. Ritsema J, Allen R (2003) The elusive mantle plume. Earth Planet Sci Lett 207:1-12
191. Rizzo A, Caracausi A, Favara R, Martelli M, Paonita A, Paternoster M, Nuccio PM, Rosciglione A (2006) New insights into magma dynamics during last two eruptions of Mount Etna as inferred by geochemical monitoring from 2002 to 2005. Geochem Geophys Geosyst 7:Q06008. doi:06010.01029/02005GC001175
192. Rogers WA, Burtiz RS, Alpert D (1954) Diffusion coefficient, solubility and permeability for helium in glass. J Appl Phys 25:868-875
193. Rubey W (1951) Geologic history of sea water. Geol Soc Amer Bull 62:1111-1148
194. Rudnicki M, Elderfield H (1992) Helium, radon and manganese at the TAG and Snakepit hydrothermal vent fields, 26° and 23 °N, Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Earth Planet Sci Lett 113:307-321
195. Saar MO, Castro MC, Hall CM, Manga M, Rose TP (2005) Quantifzing magmatic, crustal, and atmospheric helium contributions to volcanic aquifers using all stable noble gases: Implications for mag-matism and groundwater flow. Geochem Geophys Geosyst 6:Q03008. doi:03010.01029/02004GC000828
196. 4He ratios distribution in and around the Hakone volcano. Geochem J 26:189-195
197. Sano Y, Marty B (1995) Origin of carbon in fumarolic gas from island arcs. Chem Geol 119:265-274
198. 4He ratios and seismic tomography in Japan. Geochem J 42:51-60
199. Sano Y, Takahata N (2005) Measurements of noble gas solubility in seawater by a quadrupole mass spectrometer. J Oceanogr 61:465-473
200. 4He ratios and its implications for geotectonic structure of the Japanese Islands. J Geophys Res 90:8729-8741
201. 3He/*He ratios in Japan: imlications for arc tectonics and incipient magmatism. J Geophys Res 90:8729-8741
202. Sano Y, Wakita H (1987) Helium isotopes and heat flow on the ocean floor. Chem Geol 66:217-226
203. Sano Y, Wakita H (1988a) Helium isotope ratio and heat discharge rate in Hokkaido island, northeastern Japan. Geochem J 22:293-303
204. Sano Y, Wakita H (1988b) Precise measurement of helium isotopes in terrestrial gases. Bull Chem Soc Japan 61:1153-1157
205. Sano Y, Tominaga T, Wakita H (1982) Elemental and isotopic abundances of rare gses in natural gases obtained by a quadrapole mass spectrometer. Geo-chem J 16(6):279-286
206. Sano Y, Nakamura Y, Wakita H, Urabe A (1984) Helium-3 emissions related to volcanic activity. Science 224:150-151
207. Sano Y, Urabe A, Wakita H, Chiba H, Sakai H (1985) Chemical and isotopic composition of gases in geothermal fluids in Iceland. Geochem J 19:135-148
208. Sano Y, Wakita W, Giggenbach WF (1987) Island arc tectonics of New Zealand manifested in helium isotope ratios. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 51:1855-1860
209. Sano Y, Kusakabe M, Hirabayashi J, Nojiri Y, Shinohara H, Njine T, Tanyileke G (1990a) Helium and carbon fluxes in Lake Nyos, Cameroon: constraint on next gas burst. Earth Planet Sci Lett 99:303-314
210. Sano Y, Wakita H, Williams SN (1990b) Helium isotope systematics at Nevado del Ruiz volcano, Colombia: implications for the volcanic hydrothermal system. J Volcanol Geotherm Res 42:41-52
211. Sano Y, Sakamoto M, Ishibashi J, Wakita H, Matsumoto R (1992) Helium isotope ratios of pore gases in deep sea sediments, Leg 128. Init Rep Deep Sea Drilling Proj 127(128):747-751
212. Sano Y, Hirabayashi J, Ohba T, Gamo T (1994) Carbon and helium isotopic ratios at Kusatsu-Shirane volcano, Japan. Appl Geochem 9:371-377
213. Sano Y, Gamo T, Notsu K, Wakita H (1995) Secular variations of carbon and helium isotopes at Izu-Oshima Volcano, Japan. J Volcanol Geoth Res 64(1-2):83-94
214. Sano Y, Gamo T, Williams SN (1997) Secular variations of helium and carbon isotopes at Galeras volcano, Colombia. J Volcanol Geotherm Res 77:255-266
215. Sano Y, Nishio Y, Sasaki A, Gamo T, Nagao K (1998) Helium and carbon isotope systematics at Ontake volcano, Japan. J Geophys Res 103:23,863-823,873
216. Sano Y, Takahata N, Nishio Y, Marty B (1998b) Nitrogen recycling in subduction zones. Geophys Res Lett 25:2289-2292
217. Sano Y, Takahata N, Nishio Y, Fischer TP, Williams SN (2001) Volcanic flux of nitrogen from the Earth. Chem Geol 171:263-271
218. 4He ratios in the Chugoku district, Southwestern Japan. Pure Appl Geophys 163:745-757
219. Sano Y, Kameda A, Takahata N, Yamamoto J, Nakajima J (2009) Tracing extinct spreading center in SW Japan by helium-3 emanation. Chem Geol 266:50-56
220. Sarda P, Staudacher T, Allegre CJ (1988) Neon isotopes in submarine basalts. Earth Planet Sci Lett 91(1-2):73-88
221. Schilling JG (1973) Iceland mantle plume: geochemical study of the Reykjanes Ridge: Sr isotope geochemistry. Nature 246:104-107
222. Schoell M (1988) Multiple origins of methane in the Earth. Chem Geol 71(1-3):1-10
223. Shaw AM, Hilton DR, Fischer TP, Walker JA, Alvarado GE (2003) Contrasting He-C relationships in Nicaragua and Costa Rica: insights into C cycling through subduction zones. Earth Planet Sci Lett 214:499-513
224. Sherwood Lollar B, Frape SK, Wrise SM, Fritz P, Macko SA, Welhan JA (1993) Abiogenic methanogenesis in crystalline rocks. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 57:5087-5097
225. Shih TC (1980) Magnetic lineations in the Shikoku Basin. Initial Rep Deep Sea Drill Proj 58:783-788
226. Shimizu A, Sumino H, Nagao K, Notsu K, Mitropoulos P (2005) Variation in noble gas isotopic composition of gas samples from the Aegean arc, Greece. J Volcanol Geoth Res 140(4):321-339
227. Shiono K, Sugi N (1985) Life of oceanic plate: cooling time and assimilation time. Tectonophysics 112:35-50
228. Silveira G, Stutzmann E (2002) Anisotropic tomography of the Atlantic Ocean. Phys Earth Planet Inter 132:237-248
229. Simmons S, Sawkins F, Schlutter D (1987) Mantle-derived helium in two Peruvian hydrothermal ore deposits. Nature 329:429-432
230. Smith SP, Kennedy BM (1983) The solubility of noble gases in water and NaCl brine. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 47:503-515
231. Smith SP, Kennedy BM (1985) Noble gas evidence for two fluids in the Baca (Valles Caldera) geothermal reservoir. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 1985:893-902
232. Snyder G, Poreda R, Hunt A, Fehn U (2001) Regional variations in volatile composition: isotopic evidence for carbonate recycling in the Central American volcanic arc. G-cubed 2:2001GC000163
233. Snyder G, Poreda RJ, Fehn U, Hunt A (2003) Sources of nitrogen and methane in Central American geothermal settings: noble gas and 129I evidence for crustal and magmatic volatile components. G-cubed 4:9001. doi: 9010.1029/2002GC000363, 002003
234. Sorey ML, Kennedy BM, Evans WC, Farrar CD, Suemnicht GA (1993) Helium isotope and gas discharge variations associated with crustal unrest in Long_valley Caldera, California, 1989-1992. J Geophys Res 98:15871-15889
235. Sorey ML, Evans WC, Kennedy BM, Farrar CD, Hainsworth LJ, Hausback B (1998) Carbon dioxide and helium emissions from a reservoir of magmatic gases beneath Mammoth Mountain, California. J Geo-phys Res 103:15,303-315,323
236. Steblov GM, Kogan MG, King RW, Scholz CH, Bürgmann R, Frolov DI (2003) Imprint of the North American plate in Siberia revealed by GPS. Geophys Res Lett 30. doi:10.1029/2003GL017805
237. Stephen H, Stephen T (1963) Solubilities of inorganic and organic componds, I. Binary systems, Part I. Pergamon Press
238. Stuart FM, Turner G, Duckworth RC, Fallick AE (1994) Helium isotopes as tracers of trapped hydrothermal fluids in ocean- floor sulfides. Geology 22:823-826
239. Sugimura A, Matsuda T, Chinzei K, Nakamura K (1963) Quantitative distribution of late Cenozoic volcanic materials in Japan. Bull Volcanol 26:125-140
240. 2/Ar ratios of fault air may be earthquake precursors. Nature 275:209-211
241. Sumino H, Notsu K, Nakai S, Sato M, Nagao K, Hosoe M, Wakita H (2004) Noble gas and carbon isotopes of fumarolic gas from Iwojima volcano, Izu-Ogasawara arc, Japan: implications for the origin of unusual arc magmatism. Chem Geol 209:153-157
242. Sun SS, Tatsumoto M, Schilling JG (1975) Mantle plume mixing along the Reykjanes Ridge axis: lead isotope evidence. Science 190:143-147
243. Svensen H, Planke S, Malthe-Sorenssen A, Jamtveit B, Myklebust R, Eldem TR, Rey SS (2004) Release of methane from a volcanic basin as a mechanism for initial Eocene global warming. Nature 429:542-545
244. Taira A, Tokuyama H, Soh W (1989) Accretion tectonics and evolution of Japan. In: Ben Avraham Z (ed) The evolution of the Pacific Ocean Margins. Oxford University Press, New York, pp 100-123
245. Takahata N, Nishio Y, Yoshida N, Sano Y (1998) Precise isotopic measurements of nitrogen at the sub-nanomole level. Anal Sci 14:485-491
246. Takahata N, Yokochi R, Nishio Y, Sano Y (2003) Volatile element isotope systematics at Ontake volcano, Japan. Geochem J 37:299-310
247. Takahata N, Agarwal M, Nishizawa M, Shirai K, Inoue Y, Sano Y (2005) Helium-3 plume over the East Pacific Rise at 25°S. Geophys Res Lett 32:L11608
248. Taran YA (1985) Fumarolic activity of the Koryak volcano, Kamchatka, in 1983. Volcanol Seismol 5:82-85
249. Taran YA (2009) Geochemistry of volcanic and hydrothermal fluids and volatile budget of the Kamchatka-Kuril subduction zone. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 73(4):1067-1094
250. Taran YA, Giggenbach WF (2003) Geochemistry of light hydrocarbons in subduction-related volcanic and hydrothermal fluids. Soc Econ Geol Special Publ 10:61-74
251. Taran YA, Znamenskiy VS, Yurova LM (1996) Geochemical model of the hydrothermal system of Baransky volcano, Iturup, Kuril islands. Volcanol Seismol 17:471-496
252. Taran Y, Fischer TP, Pokrovsky B, Sano Y, Armienta MA, Macias JL (1998) Geochemistry of the volcano-hydrothermal system of El Chichon Volcano, Chiapas, Mexico. Bull Volcanol 59(6):436-449
253. 2 flux from Volcan de Colima, Mexico, between the 1994 and 1998 eruptions. J Volcanol Geoth Res 117(1-2):105-119
254. Taran YA, Fischer TP, Cienfuegos E, Morales P (2002b) Geochemistry of hydrothermal fluids from an intraplate ocean island: Everman volcano, Socorro Island, Mexico. Chem Geol 188:51-63
255. Taran Y, Varley NR, Inguaggiato S, Cienfuegos E (2010) Geochemistry of H2- and CH4-enriched hydrothermal fluids of Socorro Island, Revillagigedo Archipelago, Mexico. Evidence for serpentinization and abiogenic methane. Geofluids 10(4):542-542-555
256. Tatsumi Y, Sakuyama M, Fukuyama H, Kushiro I (1983) Generation of arc basalt magmas and thermal structure of the mantle wedge in subduction zones. J Geophys Res 88:5815-5825
257. Tatsumoto M (1966) Genetic relation of oceanic basalts as indicated by lead isotopes. Science 153:1094-1095
258. Tedesco D (1995) Fluid geochemistry at Vulcano Island: a change in volcanic regime or continuous fluctuations in the mixing of different systems? J Geophys Res 100:4157-4167
259. 40Ar in fumarolic gases on Vulcano: implication for the presence of continental crust beneath the island. Earth Planet Sci Lett 144(3-4):517-528
260. Tedesco D, Scarsi P (1999) Intensive gas sampling of noble gases and carbon at Vulcano Island (southern Italy). J Geophys Res 104 B5:10, 499-410, 510
261. Tedesco D, Allard P, Sano Y, Wakita H, Pece R (1990) Helium-3 in subaerial and submarine fumaroles of Campi Flegrei caldera, Italy. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 54(4):1105-1116
262. Tedesco D, Nagao K, Scarsi P (1998) Noble gas isotopic ratios from historical lavas and fumaroles at Mount Vesuvius (southern Italy): constraints for current and future volcanic activity. Earth Planet Sci Lett 164 (1-2):61-78
263. Thorne MS, Garnero EJ, Grand SP (2004) Geographic correlation between hot spots and deep mantle lateral shear-wave velocity gradients. Phys Earth Planet Inter 146:47-63
264. Torgersen T, Jenkins WJ (1982) Helium isotopes in geothermal systems: Iceland, the Geysers, Raft River, and Steamboat Springs. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 46:739-748
265. Torgersen T, Lupton JE, Sheppard DS, Giggenbach WF (1982) Helium isotope variations in the thermal areas of New Zealand. J Volcanol Geotherm Res 12(3-4):283-298
266. Trull TW, Kurz MD (1999) Isotopic fractionation accompanying helium diffusion in basaltic glass. J Mol Struct 485-486:555-567
267. Tsunogai U, Ishibashi J, Wakita H, Gamo T, Watanabe A, Kajimura T, Kanayama S, Sakai H (1994) Peculiar features of Suiyo Seamount hydrothermal fluids, Izu-Bonin Arc: differences from subaerial volcanism. Earth Planet Sci Lett 126:289-301
268. 3He emanation and conductive anomaly in a non-volcanic region, Kii Peninsula southwest Japan. J Volcan Geotherm Res 149:47-61
269. Umeda K, Asamori K, Ninomiya A, Kanazawa S, Oikawa T (2007) Multiple lines of evidence for crustal magma storage beneath the Mesozoic crystalline Iide Mountains, northeast Japan. J Geophys Res -Solid Earth 112(B5):9
270. Urabe A, Tominaga T, Nakamura Y, Wakita H (1985) Chemical compositions of natural gases in Japan. Geochem J 19(1):11-25
271. van Soest MC, Hilton DR, Kreulen R (1998) Tracing crustal and slab contributions to arc magmatism in the Lesser Antilles island arc using helium and carbon relationships in geothermal fluids. Geochim Cosmo-chim Acta 62:3323-3335
272. 4-rich natural gases suggest magmatic origin. Nature 305:792-794
273. Wakita H, Sano Y, Mizoue M (1987) High 3He emanation and seismic swarm activities observed in a non-volcanic, frontal arc region. J Geophys Res 92:12539-12546
274. Wakita H, Sano Y, Urabe A, Nakamura Y (1990) Origin of methane-rich natural gas in Japan: formation of gas fields due to large-scale submarine volcanism. Appl Geochem 5(3):263-278
275. Wallace LM, Beavan J, McCaffrey R, Darby D (2004) Subduction zone coupling and tectonic block rotations in the North Island, New Zealand. J Geophys Res 109:B12406. doi:12410.11029/12004JB003241
276. Weiss RF (1970) The solubility of nitrogen, oxygen and argon in water and seawater. Deep-Sea Res 17:721-735
277. Welhan JA (1988) Origins of methane in hydrothermal systems. Chem Geol 71:183-198 Welhan JA, Craig H (1982) Biogenic methane in midocean ridge hydrothermal fluids. In: Gwillian WJ (ed) Deep-source-gas workshop technical proceedings, pp 122-129
278. Welhan JA, Craig H (1983) Methane, hydrogen and helium in hydrothermal fluids. In: Rona PA, Bostrom K, Laubier L, Smith KL (eds) Hydrothermal processes at seafloor spreading centers. NATO Conf/Ser IV, Mar Sci, vol 12, pp 391-409.Pleanum, New York
279. Welhan JA, Lupton JE (1987) Light hydrocarbon gases in the Guaymas Basin hydrothermal fluids-thermo-genic versus abiogenic origin. Am Assoc Pet Geol Bull 71:215-223
280. Welhan J, Craig H, Kim K (1984) Hydrothermal gases at 11 °N and 13 °N on the East Pacific Rise. EOS 65:45
281. Welhan JA, Poreda RJ, Rison W, Craig H (1988) Helium isotopes in geothermal and volcanic gases of the Western United States, II. Long Valley Caldera. J Volcanol Geoth Res 34(3-4):201-209
282. Williams H, McBirney AR (1979) Volcanology. Freeman Cooper & Co., San Francisco, p 397
283. Williams S, Sano Y, Wakita H (1987) Helium-3 emission from Nevado del Ruiz volcano, Colombia. Geophys Res Lett 14:1035-1038
284. Williams SN, Calvache V ML, Sturchio NC, Zapata G JA, Mendez F RA, Calvache O B, Londono C A, Gil C F, Sano Y (1990) Premonitory geochemical evidence of magmatic reactivation of Galeras volcano, Colombia. EOS (Transactions, American Geophysical Union) 74(43):690
285. Wilson JT (1963) A possible origin of the Hawaiian Islands. Can J Phys 41:863-870
286. Winckler G, Aeschbach-Hertig W, Kipfer R, Botz R, Rubel A, Bayer R, Stoffers P (2001) Constraints on origin and evolution of Red Sea brines from helium and argon isotopes. Earth Planet Sci Lett 184:671-683
287. Yamano M, Honda S, Uyeda S (1984) Nankai trough—as a hot trench? Mar Geophys Res 6:187-203
288. Yamasaki T, Seno T (2003) Double seismic zones and dehydration embrittlement of the subducting slab. J Geophys Res 108:2212. doi:2210.1029/2002JB001918
289. Yang TF (2008) Recent progress in the application of gas geochemistry: examples from Taiwan and the 9th international gas geochemistry conference. Geofluids 8:219-229
290. Yang TF, Lan TF, Lee HF, Fu CC, Chuang PH, Lo CH, Chen CH, Chen CTA, Lee CS (2005) Gas compositions and helium isotopic ratios of fluid samples around Kueishantao, NE offshore Taiwan and its tectonic implications. Geochem J 39:469-480
291. Yang T, Shen Y, van der Lee S, Solomon SC, Hung S-H (2006) Upper mantle structure beneath the Azores hotspot from finite-frequency seismic tomography. Earth Planet Sci Lett 250:11-26
292. Yoshii T (1977) Crust and upper-mantle structure beneath northeastern Japan (in Japanese). Kagaku 47:170-176
293. Yuan H, Dueker K (2005) Teleseismic P-wave tomogram of the Yellowstone plume. Geophys Res Lett 32:L07304
294. Zimmer MM, Fischer TP, Hilton DR, Alvarado GE, Sharp ZD, Walker JA (2004) Nitrogen systematics and gas fluxes of subduction zones: insights from Costa Rica arc volatiles. Geochem Geophys Geosyst 5(5). doi: 10.1029/2003GC000651
295. Zindler A, Hart S (1986) Chemical geodynamics. Annu Rev Earth Planet Sci 14:493-571
296. Zolotov MY, Shock EL (2000) A thermodynamic assessment of the potential synthesis of condensed hydrocarbons during cooling and dilution of volcanic gases. J Geophys Res 105:539-559