메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 226, Issue 3-4, 2006, Pages 100-114

How many mantle plumes in Africa? The geochemical point of view

Author keywords

Afar plume; African volcanism; East African Rift; Helium isotopes; Kenyan plume; Mantle plumes

Indexed keywords

IGNEOUS GEOCHEMISTRY; MANTLE PLUME; VOLCANISM;

EID: 32644437339     PISSN: 00092541     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2005.09.016     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (197)

References (72)
  • 2
    • 0035655528 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A statistical test of the two reservoir model for helium isotopes
    • D.L. Anderson A statistical test of the two reservoir model for helium isotopes Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 193 2001 77-82
    • (2001) Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. , vol.193 , pp. 77-82
    • Anderson, D.L.1
  • 3
    • 0036253767 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Source, genesis, and timing of giant ignimbrite deposits associated with Ethiopian continental flood basalts
    • D. Ayalew P. Barbey B. Marty L. Reisberg G. Yirgu R. Pik Source, genesis, and timing of giant ignimbrite deposits associated with Ethiopian continental flood basalts Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 66 2002 1429-1448
    • (2002) Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta , vol.66 , pp. 1429-1448
    • Ayalew, D.1    Barbey, P.2    Marty, B.3    Reisberg, L.4    Yirgu, G.5    Pik, R.6
  • 4
    • 0030482752 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic and trace element evidence for crustal contamination of plume-derived flood basalts; Oligocene flood volcanism in western Yemen
    • J.A. Baker M.F. Thirlwall M.A. Menzies Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic and trace element evidence for crustal contamination of plume-derived flood basalts; Oligocene flood volcanism in western Yemen Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 60 1996 2559-2581
    • (1996) Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta , vol.60 , pp. 2559-2581
    • Baker, J.A.1    Thirlwall, M.F.2    Menzies, M.A.3
  • 5
    • 0000618836 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Petrogenesis of Quaternary intraplate volcanism, Sana'a, Yemen; implications for plume-lithosphere interaction and polybaric melt hybridization
    • J.A. Baker M.A. Menzies M.F. Thirlwall C.G. Macpherson Petrogenesis of Quaternary intraplate volcanism, Sana'a, Yemen; implications for plume-lithosphere interaction and polybaric melt hybridization J. Petrol. 38 1997 1359-1390
    • (1997) J. Petrol. , vol.38 , pp. 1359-1390
    • Baker, J.A.1    Menzies, M.A.2    Thirlwall, M.F.3    Macpherson, C.G.4
  • 6
    • 0033545018 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Noble gases in the Cameroon line and the He, Ne and Ar isotopic compositions of high m (HIMU) mantle
    • D.N. Barfod C.J. Ballentine A.N. Halliday J.G. Fitton Noble gases in the Cameroon line and the He, Ne and Ar isotopic compositions of high m (HIMU) mantle J. Geophys. Res. 104 1999 29509-29527
    • (1999) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.104 , pp. 29509-29527
    • Barfod, D.N.1    Ballentine, C.J.2    Halliday, A.N.3    Fitton, J.G.4
  • 7
    • 33646804524 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Upper mantle P Wave speeds beneath Ethiopia and the origin of the Afar Hotspot
    • submitted for publication
    • submitted for publication Benoit, M.H., Nyblade, A., VanDecar, J.C. (submitted for publication). Upper mantle P Wave speeds beneath Ethiopia and the origin of the Afar Hotspot. Geology.
    • Geology
    • Benoit, M.H.1    Nyblade, A.2    VanDecar, J.C.3
  • 8
    • 0038731176 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Implications of widespread high-mu volcanism on the Arabian Plate for Afar mantle plume and lithosphere composition
    • H. Bertrand G. Chazot J. Blichert-Toft S. Thoral Implications of widespread high-mu volcanism on the Arabian Plate for Afar mantle plume and lithosphere composition Chem. Geol. 198 2003 47-61
    • (2003) Chem. Geol. , vol.198 , pp. 47-61
    • Bertrand, H.1    Chazot, G.2    Blichert-Toft, J.3    Thoral, S.4
  • 9
    • 2142750100 scopus 로고
    • Paleorifting between the Gregory and Ethiopian Rifts
    • T.E. Cerling D.W. Powers Paleorifting between the Gregory and Ethiopian Rifts Geology 5 1977 441-444
    • (1977) Geology , vol.5 , pp. 441-444
    • Cerling, T.E.1    Powers, D.W.2
  • 10
    • 0027385785 scopus 로고
    • Mantle sources and magma-continental crust interactions during early Red Sea-Gulf of Aden rifting in Southern Yemen; elemental and Sr, Nd, Pb isotope evidence
    • G. Chazot H. Bertrand Mantle sources and magma-continental crust interactions during early Red Sea-Gulf of Aden rifting in Southern Yemen; elemental and Sr, Nd, Pb isotope evidence J. Geophys. Res., B 1993 1819-1835
    • (1993) J. Geophys. Res., B , pp. 1819-1835
    • Chazot, G.1    Bertrand, H.2
  • 11
    • 0021351785 scopus 로고
    • Isotope geochemistry of xenoliths from East Africa: Implications for development of mantle reservoirs and their interaction
    • R.S. Cohen R.K. O'Nions J.B. Dawson Isotope geochemistry of xenoliths from East Africa: Implications for development of mantle reservoirs and their interaction Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 68 1984 209-220
    • (1984) Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. , vol.68 , pp. 209-220
    • Cohen, R.S.1    O'Nions, R.K.2    Dawson, J.B.3
  • 15
    • 0036555076 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The uppermost mantle beneath the Kenya dome and relation to melting, rifting and uplift in East Africa
    • P.M. Davis P.D. Slack The uppermost mantle beneath the Kenya dome and relation to melting, rifting and uplift in East Africa Geophys. Res. 2002 29
    • (2002) Geophys. Res. , pp. 29
    • Davis, P.M.1    Slack, P.D.2
  • 16
    • 0035682248 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seismic evidence for a deeply rooted low-velocity anomaly in the upper mantle beneath the northeastern Afro/Arabian continent
    • E. Debayle J.J. Lévêque M. Cara Seismic evidence for a deeply rooted low-velocity anomaly in the upper mantle beneath the northeastern Afro/Arabian continent Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 193 2001 423-436
    • (2001) Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. , vol.193 , pp. 423-436
    • Debayle, E.1    Lévêque, J.J.2    Cara, M.3
  • 17
    • 0028250162 scopus 로고
    • Temporal evolution of mantle sources during continental rifting: The volcanism of Djibouti (Afar)
    • C. Deniel P. Vidal C. Coulon P.-J. Vellutini P. Piguet Temporal evolution of mantle sources during continental rifting: The volcanism of Djibouti (Afar) J. Geophys. Res. 99 1994 2853-2869
    • (1994) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.99 , pp. 2853-2869
    • Deniel, C.1    Vidal, P.2    Coulon, C.3    Vellutini, P.-J.4    Piguet, P.5
  • 18
    • 17144404532 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Crustal structure in Ethiopia and Kenya from receiver function analysis: Implications for rift development in eastern Africa
    • M. Dugda A. Nyblade J. Julia C. Langston C. Ammon S. Simiyu Crustal structure in Ethiopia and Kenya from receiver function analysis: implications for rift development in eastern Africa J. Geophys. Res. 2005 110
    • (2005) J. Geophys. Res. , pp. 110
    • Dugda, M.1    Nyblade, A.2    Julia, J.3    Langston, C.4    Ammon, C.5    Simiyu, S.6
  • 19
    • 33845786983 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Storage and transport of noble gases in the subcontinental lithosphere
    • T.J. Dunai D. Porcelli Storage and transport of noble gases in the subcontinental lithosphere Rev. Mineral. Geochem. 47 2002 371-409
    • (2002) Rev. Mineral. Geochem. , vol.47 , pp. 371-409
    • Dunai, T.J.1    Porcelli, D.2
  • 20
    • 0032558727 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cenozoic magmatism throughout east Africa resulting from impact of a single plume
    • C.J. Ebinger N.H. Sleep Cenozoic magmatism throughout east Africa resulting from impact of a single plume Nature 395 1998 788-791
    • (1998) Nature , vol.395 , pp. 788-791
    • Ebinger, C.J.1    Sleep, N.H.2
  • 21
    • 0024483254 scopus 로고
    • Effective elastic plate thickness beneath the East African and Afar plateaus and dynamic compensation of the uplifts
    • C. Ebinger T. Bechtel D. Forsyth C. Bowin Effective elastic plate thickness beneath the East African and Afar plateaus and dynamic compensation of the uplifts J. Geophys. Res. 94 1989 2883-2901
    • (1989) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.94 , pp. 2883-2901
    • Ebinger, C.1    Bechtel, T.2    Forsyth, D.3    Bowin, C.4
  • 24
    • 10644292677 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 4He basalts: Implications for a common reservoir, mantle heterogeneity and convection
    • 4He basalts: Implications for a common reservoir, mantle heterogeneity and convection Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 224 2004 511-523
    • (2004) Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. , vol.224 , pp. 511-523
    • Ellam, R.M.1    Stuart, F.M.2
  • 25
    • 0033519417 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plume related alkaline magmatism in central Africa - The Meibod Hills (W Sudan)
    • G. Franz G. Steiner F. Volker D. Puldo K. Hammerschmidt Plume related alkaline magmatism in central Africa - the Meibod Hills (W Sudan) Chem. Geol. 157 1999 27-47
    • (1999) Chem. Geol. , vol.157 , pp. 27-47
    • Franz, G.1    Steiner, G.2    Volker, F.3    Puldo, D.4    Hammerschmidt, K.5
  • 26
    • 2142808403 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • East African Rift System (EARS) plume structure: Insights from Quaternary Mafic Lavas of Turkana, Kenya
    • T. Furman J. Bryce J. Karson A. Iotti East African Rift System (EARS) plume structure: Insights from Quaternary Mafic Lavas of Turkana, Kenya J. Petrol. 45 2004 1069-1088
    • (2004) J. Petrol. , vol.45 , pp. 1069-1088
    • Furman, T.1    Bryce, J.2    Karson, J.3    Iotti, A.4
  • 27
    • 84879879128 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Earliest magmatism in Ethiopia: Evidence for two mantle plumes in one flood basalt province
    • R. George N. Rogers S. Kelley Earliest magmatism in Ethiopia: Evidence for two mantle plumes in one flood basalt province Geology 26 1998 923-926
    • (1998) Geology , vol.26 , pp. 923-926
    • George, R.1    Rogers, N.2    Kelley, S.3
  • 28
    • 33845909626 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Noble gas isotope geochemistry of mid-ocean and ocean island basalts: Characterization of mantle source reservoirs
    • D.W. Graham Noble gas isotope geochemistry of mid-ocean and ocean island basalts: Characterization of mantle source reservoirs Rev. Mineral. Geochem. 47 2002 247-317
    • (2002) Rev. Mineral. Geochem. , vol.47 , pp. 247-317
    • Graham, D.W.1
  • 29
    • 84949236514 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Constraining mantle density structure using geological evidence of surface uplift rates: The case of the African Superplume
    • (Paper number 1999GC000035)
    • M. Gurnis J. Mitrovica J. Ritsema H.v. Heijst Constraining mantle density structure using geological evidence of surface uplift rates: The case of the African Superplume Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. 1 2000 (Paper number 1999GC000035)
    • (2000) Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. , vol.1
    • Gurnis, M.1    Mitrovica, J.2    Ritsema, J.3    Heijst, H.V.4
  • 30
  • 31
    • 0024899958 scopus 로고
    • Basaltic volcanism in Ethiopia: Constraints on continental rifting and mantle interactions
    • W.K. Hart G. Woldegabriel R.C. Walter S.A. Mertzman Basaltic volcanism in Ethiopia: Constraints on continental rifting and mantle interactions J. Geophys. Res. 94 1989 7731-7748
    • (1989) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.94 , pp. 7731-7748
    • Hart, W.K.1    Woldegabriel, G.2    Walter, R.C.3    Mertzman, S.A.4
  • 32
    • 0024912179 scopus 로고
    • A helium isotope transect along the Indonesian archipelago
    • D.R. Hilton H. Craig A helium isotope transect along the Indonesian archipelago Nature 342 1989 906-908
    • (1989) Nature , vol.342 , pp. 906-908
    • Hilton, D.R.1    Craig, H.2
  • 34
    • 33845755787 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Noble gases and volatile recycling at subduction zones
    • D.R. Hilton T.P. Fischer B. Marty Noble gases and volatile recycling at subduction zones Rev. Mineral. Geochem. 47 2002 319-370
    • (2002) Rev. Mineral. Geochem. , vol.47 , pp. 319-370
    • Hilton, D.R.1    Fischer, T.P.2    Marty, B.3
  • 35
    • 0030829191 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Timing of the Ethiopian flood basalt event and implications for plume birth and global change
    • C. Hofmann V. Courtillot G. Féraud P. Rochette G. Yirgu E. Ketefo R. Pik Timing of the Ethiopian flood basalt event and implications for plume birth and global change Nature 389 1997 838-841
    • (1997) Nature , vol.389 , pp. 838-841
    • Hofmann, C.1    Courtillot, V.2    Féraud, G.3    Rochette, P.4    Yirgu, G.5    Ketefo, E.6    Pik, R.7
  • 36
    • 0034952601 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantifying mixing and age variations of heterogeneities in models of mantle convection; role of depth-dependent viscosity
    • D.L. Hunt L.H. Kellogg Quantifying mixing and age variations of heterogeneities in models of mantle convection; role of depth-dependent viscosity J. Geophys. Res. 106 2001 6747-6759
    • (2001) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.106 , pp. 6747-6759
    • Hunt, D.L.1    Kellogg, L.H.2
  • 37
    • 0031413957 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nd, Sr and Pb isotopic evidence for diverse lithospheric mantle sources of East African Rift carbonatites
    • A. Kalt E. Hegner M. Satir Nd, Sr and Pb isotopic evidence for diverse lithospheric mantle sources of East African Rift carbonatites Tectonophysics 278 1997 31-45
    • (1997) Tectonophysics , vol.278 , pp. 31-45
    • Kalt, A.1    Hegner, E.2    Satir, M.3
  • 38
    • 0032051494 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Geochronology of volcanic rocks and evolution of the Cenozoic Western branch of the East African rift system
    • A.B. Kampunzu M.G. Bonhomme M. Kanika Geochronology of volcanic rocks and evolution of the Cenozoic Western branch of the East African rift system J. Afr. Earth Sci. 26 1998 441-461
    • (1998) J. Afr. Earth Sci. , vol.26 , pp. 441-461
    • Kampunzu, A.B.1    Bonhomme, M.G.2    Kanika, M.3
  • 39
    • 0031869259 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Whole-mantle versus layered mantle convection and the role of a high-viscosity lower mantle in terrestrial volatile evolution
    • P.E.V. Keken C.J. Ballentine Whole-mantle versus layered mantle convection and the role of a high-viscosity lower mantle in terrestrial volatile evolution Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 156 1998 19-32
    • (1998) Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. , vol.156 , pp. 19-32
    • Keken, P.E.V.1    Ballentine, C.J.2
  • 40
    • 0033541415 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dynamical models of mantle volatile evolution and the role of phase changes and temperature-dependent rheology
    • P.E.V. Keken C.J. Ballentine Dynamical models of mantle volatile evolution and the role of phase changes and temperature-dependent rheology J. Geophys. Res. 104 1999 7137-7169
    • (1999) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.104 , pp. 7137-7169
    • Keken, P.E.V.1    Ballentine, C.J.2
  • 42
    • 0034634404 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • African hot spot volcanism: Small-scale convection in the upper mantle beneath cratons
    • King and Ritsema, 2000 S.D. King J. Ritsema African hot spot volcanism: small-scale convection in the upper mantle beneath cratons Science 290 2000 1137-1140
    • (2000) Science , vol.290 , pp. 1137-1140
    • King, S.D.1    Ritsema, J.2
  • 43
    • 0028193444 scopus 로고
    • Isotopic variation with distance and time in the oceanic sector of the Cameroon line: Evidence for a mantle plume origin and rejuvenation of magma transport paths
    • D.-C. Lee A.N. Halliday J.G. Fitton G. Poli Isotopic variation with distance and time in the oceanic sector of the Cameroon line: Evidence for a mantle plume origin and rejuvenation of magma transport paths Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 123 1994 119-138
    • (1994) Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. , vol.123 , pp. 119-138
    • Lee, D.-C.1    Halliday, A.N.2    Fitton, J.G.3    Poli, G.4
  • 44
    • 0032541564 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dynamic topography, plate driving forces and the African superswell
    • Lithgow-Bertelloni and Silver, 1998 C. Lithgow-Bertelloni P.G. Silver Dynamic topography, plate driving forces and the African superswell Nature 395 1998 269-272
    • (1998) Nature , vol.395 , pp. 269-272
    • Lithgow-Bertelloni, C.1    Silver, P.G.2
  • 45
    • 0035014477 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plume-Lithosphere interactions in the generation of the basalts of the Kenya Rift, East Africa
    • R. Macdonald N.W. Rogers J.G. Fitton S. Black M. Smith Plume-Lithosphere interactions in the generation of the basalts of the Kenya Rift, East Africa J. Petrol. 42 2001 877-900
    • (2001) J. Petrol. , vol.42 , pp. 877-900
    • Macdonald, R.1    Rogers, N.W.2    Fitton, J.G.3    Black, S.4    Smith, M.5
  • 47
    • 0027838669 scopus 로고
    • He, Ar, Sr, Nd and Pb isotopes in volcanic rocks from Afar: Evidence for a primitive mantle component and constraints on magmatic sources
    • B. Marty I. Appora J.A. Barrat C. Deniel P. Vellutini P. Vidal He, Ar, Sr, Nd and Pb isotopes in volcanic rocks from Afar: Evidence for a primitive mantle component and constraints on magmatic sources Geochem. J. 27 1993 219-228
    • (1993) Geochem. J. , vol.27 , pp. 219-228
    • Marty, B.1    Appora, I.2    Barrat, J.A.3    Deniel, C.4    Vellutini, P.5    Vidal, P.6
  • 48
    • 0030432128 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Helium isotopic variations in Ethiopian plume lavas: Nature of magmatic sources and limit on lower mantle contribution
    • B. Marty R. Pik G. Yirgu Helium isotopic variations in Ethiopian plume lavas: Nature of magmatic sources and limit on lower mantle contribution Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 144 1996 223-237
    • (1996) Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. , vol.144 , pp. 223-237
    • Marty, B.1    Pik, R.2    Yirgu, G.3
  • 51
    • 0020646778 scopus 로고
    • Ethiopian flood basalt province
    • P. Mohr Ethiopian flood basalt province Nature 303 1983 577-584
    • (1983) Nature , vol.303 , pp. 577-584
    • Mohr, P.1
  • 52
    • 0024226229 scopus 로고
    • The Ethiopian flood basalt province
    • J.D. McDougall Kluwer Academic Publishing
    • P. Mohr B. Zanettin The Ethiopian flood basalt province J.D. McDougall Continental Flood Basalts 1988 Kluwer Academic Publishing 63-110
    • (1988) Continental Flood Basalts , pp. 63-110
    • Mohr, P.1    Zanettin, B.2
  • 54
    • 0036693018 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Precambrian lithospheric controls on the development of the East African rift system
    • A.A. Nyblade R.A. Brazier Precambrian lithospheric controls on the development of the East African rift system Geology 30 2002 755-758
    • (2002) Geology , vol.30 , pp. 755-758
    • Nyblade, A.A.1    Brazier, R.A.2
  • 57
    • 0028792682 scopus 로고
    • Enrichment of the continental lithosphere by OIB melts: Isotopic evidence from the volcanic province of northern Tanzania
    • C. Paslick A. Halliday D. James J.B. Dawson Enrichment of the continental lithosphere by OIB melts: Isotopic evidence from the volcanic province of northern Tanzania Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 130 1995 109-126
    • (1995) Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. , vol.130 , pp. 109-126
    • Paslick, C.1    Halliday, A.2    James, D.3    Dawson, J.B.4
  • 58
    • 0000359811 scopus 로고
    • Geodynamic evolution from plateau to rift: Major and trace element geochemistry of the central eastern Ethiopian plateau volcanics
    • E.M. Piccirillo E. Justin-Visentin B. Zanettin J.L. Joron M. Treuil Geodynamic evolution from plateau to rift: Major and trace element geochemistry of the central eastern Ethiopian plateau volcanics N. Jb. Geol. Paläontol. Abt. 158 1979 139-179
    • (1979) N. Jb. Geol. Paläontol. Abt. , vol.158 , pp. 139-179
    • Piccirillo, E.M.1    Justin-Visentin, E.2    Zanettin, B.3    Joron, J.L.4    Treuil, M.5
  • 59
    • 0031669982 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Northwestern Ethiopian plateau flood basalts: Classification and spatial distribution of magma types
    • R. Pik C. Deniel C. Coulon G. Yirgu C. Hofmann D. Ayalew The Northwestern Ethiopian plateau flood basalts: Classification and spatial distribution of magma types J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 81 1998 91-111
    • (1998) J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. , vol.81 , pp. 91-111
    • Pik, R.1    Deniel, C.2    Coulon, C.3    Yirgu, G.4    Hofmann, C.5    Ayalew, D.6
  • 60
    • 0033381262 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Isotopic and trace element signatures of Ethiopian flood basalts: Evidence for plume-lithosphere interactions
    • R. Pik C. Deniel C. Coulon G. Yirgu B. Marty Isotopic and trace element signatures of Ethiopian flood basalts: Evidence for plume-lithosphere interactions Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 63 1999 2263-2279
    • (1999) Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta , vol.63 , pp. 2263-2279
    • Pik, R.1    Deniel, C.2    Coulon, C.3    Yirgu, G.4    Marty, B.5
  • 61
    • 0141954026 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stability of the Upper Nile drainage network (Ethiopia) deduced from (U-Th)/He thermochronometry: Implications for uplift and erosion of the Afar plume dome
    • R. Pik B. Marty J. Carignan J. Lavé Stability of the Upper Nile drainage network (Ethiopia) deduced from (U-Th)/He thermochronometry: implications for uplift and erosion of the Afar plume dome Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 215 2003 73-88
    • (2003) Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. , vol.215 , pp. 73-88
    • Pik, R.1    Marty, B.2    Carignan, J.3    Lavé, J.4
  • 62
    • 0024903908 scopus 로고
    • Flood basalts and hot spot tracks: Plume heads and tails
    • M.A. Richards R.A. Duncan V.E. Courtillot Flood basalts and hot spot tracks: Plume heads and tails Science 246 1989 103-107
    • (1989) Science , vol.246 , pp. 103-107
    • Richards, M.A.1    Duncan, R.A.2    Courtillot, V.E.3
  • 63
    • 0345072527 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Complex shear wave velocity structure imaged beneath Africa and Iceland
    • J. Ritsema H.J.v. Heijst J.H. Woodhouse Complex shear wave velocity structure imaged beneath Africa and Iceland Science 286 1999 1925-1928
    • (1999) Science , vol.286 , pp. 1925-1928
    • Ritsema, J.1    Heijst, H.J.V.2    Woodhouse, J.H.3
  • 65
    • 0034732280 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Two mantle plumes beneath the East African rift system: Sr, Nd and Pb isotope evidence from Kenya Rift basalts
    • N. Rogers R. McDonald J.G. Fitton R. George M. Smith B. Barreiro Two mantle plumes beneath the East African rift system: Sr, Nd and Pb isotope evidence from Kenya Rift basalts Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 176 2000 387-400
    • (2000) Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. , vol.176 , pp. 387-400
    • Rogers, N.1    McDonald, R.2    Fitton, J.G.3    George, R.4    Smith, M.5    Barreiro, B.6
  • 66
    • 0030441362 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Helium isotope ratios in Ethiopian Rift basalts
    • P. Scarsi H. Craig Helium isotope ratios in Ethiopian Rift basalts Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 144 1996 505-516
    • (1996) Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. , vol.144 , pp. 505-516
    • Scarsi, P.1    Craig, H.2
  • 67
    • 0002279897 scopus 로고
    • Afar mantle plume: Rare earth evidence
    • J.-G. Schilling Afar mantle plume: Rare earth evidence Nat. Phys. Sci. 242 1973 2-6
    • (1973) Nat. Phys. Sci. , vol.242 , pp. 2-6
    • Schilling, J.-G.1
  • 68
    • 0027084858 scopus 로고
    • Nd-Sr-Pb isotopic variations along the gulf of Aden: Evidence for mantle plume-continental lithosphere interactions
    • J.G. Schilling R.H. Kingsley B.B. Hanan B.L. McCully Nd-Sr-Pb isotopic variations along the gulf of Aden: Evidence for mantle plume-continental lithosphere interactions J. Geophys. Res. 97 1992 10,927-10,966
    • (1992) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.97
    • Schilling, J.G.1    Kingsley, R.H.2    Hanan, B.B.3    McCully, B.L.4
  • 69
    • 0029541310 scopus 로고
    • Nd, Pb and Sr isotopic data from Mount Elgon volcano, eastern Uganda-western Kenya: Implications for the origin and evolution of nepheline lavas
    • Simonetti and Bell, 1995 A. Simonetti K. Bell Nd, Pb and Sr isotopic data from Mount Elgon volcano, eastern Uganda-western Kenya: implications for the origin and evolution of nepheline lavas Lithos 36 1995
    • (1995) Lithos , vol.36
    • Simonetti, A.1    Bell, K.2
  • 71
    • 0346268901 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for an upper mantle plume beneath Tanzanian craton from Rayleigh wave tomography
    • D.S. Weeraratne D.W. Forsyth K.M. Fischer A.A. Nyblade Evidence for an upper mantle plume beneath Tanzanian craton from Rayleigh wave tomography J. Geophys. Res. 108 2003 2427
    • (2003) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.108 , pp. 2427
    • Weeraratne, D.S.1    Forsyth, D.W.2    Fischer, K.M.3    Nyblade, A.A.4
  • 72
    • 0024875682 scopus 로고
    • Magmatism at rift zones: The generation of volcanic continental margins and flood basalts
    • R.S. White D.P. McKenzie Magmatism at rift zones: The generation of volcanic continental margins and flood basalts J. Geophys. Res. 94 1989 7685-7729
    • (1989) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.94 , pp. 7685-7729
    • White, R.S.1    McKenzie, D.P.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.