Helium, heat, and the generation of hydrothermal event plumes at mid-ocean ridges

Earth and Planetary Science Letters

Volumn 171, Issue 3, 1999, Pages 343-350

  Lupton, John E ^a   Baker, Edward T ^a   Massoth, Gary J ^a  

^a NOAA PACIFIC MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL LABORATORY   (United States)

Author keywords

Geothermal systems; He 3; Heat flow; Juan de Fuca Ridge; Mid ocean ridges; Plumes

Indexed keywords

HEAT FLOW; HELIUM; HYDROTHERMAL ACTIVITY; MID-OCEAN RIDGE;

PACIFIC OCEAN;

EID: 0032786674     PISSN: 0012821X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0012-821X(99)00149-1     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. Baker E.T., Massoth G.J., Feely R.A. Cataclysmic hydrothermal venting on the Juan de Fuca Ridge. Nature. 329:1987;149-151.
2. Baker E.T.et al. Episodic venting of hydrothermal fluids from the Juan de Fuca Ridge. J. Geophys. Res. 94:1989;9237-9250.
3. Baker E.T.et al. Hydrothermal event plumes from the CoAxial seafloor eruption site, Juan de Fuca Ridge. Geophys. Res. Lett. 22:1995;147-150.
4. Nojiri Y., Ishibashi J., Kawai T., Otsuki A., Sakai H. Hydrothermal plumes along the North Fiji Basin spreading axis. Nature. 342:1989;667-670.
5. Baker E.T. Patterns of event and chronic hydrothermal venting following a magmatic intrusion: new perspectives from the 1996 Gorda Ridge eruption. Deep-Sea Res. II. 45:1998;2599-2618.
6. Cann J.R., Strens M.R. Modeling periodic megaplume emission by black smoker systems. J. Geophys. Res. 94:1989;12227-12237.
7. Cathles L.M. A capless 350°C flow zone model to explain megaplumes, salinity variations, and high-temperature veins in ridge axis hydrothermal systems. Econ. Geol. 88:1993;1977-1988.
8. Wilcock W.S.D. A model for the formation of transient event plumes above mid-ocean ridge hydrothermal systems. J. Geophys. Res. 102:1997;12109-12121.
9. Lowell R.P., Germanovich L.N. Dike injection and the formation of megaplumes at ocean ridges. Science. 267:1995;1804-1807.
10. Butterfield D.A.et al. Seafloor eruptions and evolution of hydrothermal fluid chemistry. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London A. 355:1997;369-386.
11. Palmer M.R., Ernst G.G.J. Generation of hydrothermal megaplumes by cooling of pillow basalts at mid-ocean ridges. Nature. 393:1998;643-647.
12. 3He/heat ratios in submarine hydrothermal systems: evidence from two plumes over the Juan de Fuca Ridge. Nature. 337:1989;161-164.
13. Lupton J.E.et al. Helium isotope variations in Juan de Fuca Ridge basalts. Geophys. Res. Lett. 20:1993;1851-1854.
14. Lavelle J.W., Baker E.T., Massoth G.J. On the calculation of total heat, salt, and tracer fluxes from ocean hydrothermal vents. Deep-Sea Res. II. 45:1998;2619-2636.
15. Giggenbach W.F. Magma degassing and mineral deposition in hydrothermal systems along convergent plate boundaries. Econ. Geol. 87:1992;1927-1944.
16. 3He/heat ratios associated with the 1993 CoAxial event, Juan de Fuca Ridge. Geophys. Res. Lett. 22:1995;155-158.
17. Lupton J.E.et al. Tracking the evolution of a hydrothermal event plume with a RAFOS neutrally-buoyant drifter. Science. 280:1998;1052-1055.
18. 3He concentrations in hydrothermal plumes associated with the 1996 Gorda Ridge eruptive event. Deep-Sea Res. II. 45:1998;2665-2682.
19. 3He/heat ratios as an indicator of magmatic/tectonic activity. Nature. 346:1990;556-558.
20. Embley R.W.et al. Time series investigations of an active volcano: the NeMO Project. EOS. 79(Suppl.):1998;F921.
21. Lupton J.E.et al. Anomalous helium and heat signatures associated with the 1998 Axial volcano event, Juan de Fuca Ridge. EOS. 79(Suppl.):1998;F922.
22. 4He in Galapagos submarine hydrothermal waters. Nature. 272:1978;156-159.
23. Lupton J.E. Helium-3 and manganese at the 21°N East Pacific Rise hydrothermal site. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 50:1980;115-127.
24. J.A. Welhan, H. Craig, Methane, hydrogen and helium in hydrothermal fluids, in: K. Bostrom, L. Laubier, P. Rona, K. Smith (Eds.), Hydrothermal Processes at Seafloor Spreading Centers, Plenum, New York, 1983, pp. 391-409.
25. Merlivat L.et al. Hydrothermal vent waters at 13°N on the East Pacific Rise: isotopic composition and gas concentration. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 84:1987;100-108.
26. Evans W.C.et al. Geochemistry of some gases in hydrothermal fluids from the southern Juan de Fuca Ridge. J. Geophys. Res. 93:1988;15305-15313.
27. Kennedy B.M. Noble gases in vent water from the Juan de Fuca Ridge. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta. 52:1988;1929-1935.
28. Charlou J.L.et al. Gases and helium isotopes in high-temperature solutions sampled before and after ODP Leg 158 drilling at TAG hydrothermal field (26°N, MAR). Geophys. Res. Lett. 23:1996;3491-3494.
29. Rudnicki M.D., Elderfield H. Helium and radon at the TAG and Snakepit hydrothermal vent fields, 26° and 23°N, Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 133:1992;307-321.
30. 3He in hydrothermal vents and plume of the Lucky Strike site (MAR 37°17′N) and associated geothermal heat flux. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 157:1998;69-77.
31. Bischoff J.L., Rosenbauer R.J. An empirical equation of state for hydrothermal seawater (3.2 percent NaCl). Am. J. Sci. 285:1985;257-263.
32. Chadwick W.W. Jr., Embley R.W., Fox C.G. Evidence for volcanic eruptions on the southern Juan de Fuca Ridge between 1981 and 1993. Nature. 350:1991;416-418.
33. Chadwick W.W. Jr., Embley R.W. Lava flows from a mid-1980s submarine eruption on the Cleft segment, Juan de Fuca Ridge. J. Geophys. Res. 99:1994;4761-4776.
34. Embley R.W., Chadwick W.W. Jr. Volcanic and hydrothermal processes associated with a recent phase of seafloor spreading at the northern Cleft segment, Juan de Fuca Ridge. J. Geophys. Res. 99:1994;4741-4760.
35. Fox C.G.et al. Acoustic detection of a seafloor spreading episode on the Juan de Fuca Ridge using military hydrophone arrays. Geophys. Res. Lett. 22:1995;131-134.
36. Dziak R.P., Fox C.G., Schreiner A.E. The June-July 1993 seismo-acoustic event at CoAxial segment, Juan de Fuca Ridge: evidence for a lateral dike injection. Geophys. Res. Lett. 22:1995;135-138.
37. Fox C.G., Dziak R.P. Hydroacoustic detection of volcanic activity on the Gorda Ridge, February-March 1996. Deep-Sea Res. II. 45:1998;2513-2530.
38. Embley R.W.et al. Initial results of the rapid response to the 1993 CoAxial event: relationships between hydrothermal and volcanic processes. Geophys. Res. Lett. 22:1995;143-146.
39. Chadwick W.W. Jr., Embley R.W., Shank T.M. The 1996 Gorda Ridge eruption: geologic mapping, sidescan sonar, and SeaBeam comparison results. Deep-Sea Res. II. 45:1998;2547-2570.
40. Dziak R.P., Fox C.G. Hydroacoustic detection of submarine volcanic activity at Axial Volcano, Juan de Fuca Ridge, January 1998. EOS. 79(Suppl.):1998;F921.
41. Baker E.T.et al. The 1998 volcanic eruption at Axial volcano: hydrothermal plumes monitoring from moored instruments and shipborne response cruises. EOS. 79(Suppl.):1998;F922.
42. Massoth G.J.et al. Manganese and iron in hydrothermal plumes resulting from the 1996 Gorda Ridge event. Deep-Sea Res. II. 45:1998;2683-2712.
43. Massoth G.J.et al. Observations of manganese and iron at the CoAxial seafloor eruption site, Juan de Fuca Ridge. Geophys. Res. Lett. 22:1995;151-154.
44. Seyfried W.E., Mottl M.J. Hydrothermal alteration of basalt by seawater under seawater-dominated conditions. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta. 46:1982;985-1002.
45. Seyfried W.E. Jr., Janecky D.R. Heavy metal and sulfur transport during subcritical and supercritical hydrothermal alteration of basalt: influence of fluid pressure and basalt composition and crystallinity. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta. 49:1985;2545-2560.
46. Summit M., Baross J.A. Thermophilic subseafloor microorganisms from the 1996 north Gorda Ridge eruption. Deep-Sea Res. II. 45:1998;2751-2766.
47. Lavelle J.W. The initial rise of a hydrothermal plume from a line segment source: results from a three-dimensional numerical model. Geophys. Res. Lett. 22:1995;159-162.