Connecting Antarctic sea ice to deep-ocean circulation in modern and glacial climate simulations

Geophysical Research Letters

Volumn 44, Issue 12, 2017, Pages 6286-6295

  Marzocchi, Alice ^a   Jansen, Malte F ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO   (United States)

Author keywords

AMOC; Antarctic; LGM; PMIP; sea ice; stratification

Indexed keywords

BUOYANCY; GLACIAL GEOLOGY; ICE; SEA ICE; THERMAL STRATIFICATION;

AMOC; ANTARCTIC; DEEP-OCEAN CIRCULATION; LAST GLACIAL MAXIMUM; OCEAN CIRCULATION; OVERTURNING CIRCULATION; PALEOCLIMATE MODELLING; PMIP;

OCEANOGRAPHY;

BRINE; GLACIAL-INTERGLACIAL CYCLE; LAST GLACIAL MAXIMUM; OCEAN BASIN; OCEANIC CIRCULATION; SEA ICE; SIMULATION; STRATIFICATION;

SOUTHERN OCEAN;

EID: 85020499036     PISSN: 00948276     EISSN: 19448007     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/2017GL073936     Document Type: Article

References (50)

1. 18O of the glacial deep ocean, Science, 298(5599), 1769–1773, doi:10.1126/science.1076252.
2. Bouttes, N., D. Paillard, and D. M. Roche (2010), Impact of brine-induced stratification on the glacial carbon cycle, Clim. Past, 6(5), 575–589, doi:10.5194/cp-6-575-2010.
3. Braconnot, P., S. P. Harrison, M. Kageyama, P. J. Bartlein, V. Masson-Delmotte, A. Abe-Ouchi, B. Otto-Bliesner, and Y. Zhao (2012), Evaluation of climate models using palaeoclimatic data, Nat. Clim. Change, 2(6), 417–424, doi:10.1038/nclimate1456.
4. Brady, E. C., B. L. Otto-Bliesner, J. E. Kay, and N. Rosenbloom (2013), Sensitivity to glacial forcing in the CCSM4, J. Clim., 26(6), 1901–1925, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00416.1.
5. Brandefelt, J., and B. L. Otto-Bliesner (2009), Equilibration and variability in a Last Glacial Maximum climate simulation with CCSM3, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L19712, doi:10.1029/2009GL040364.
6. 2 in response to changes in oceanic circulation and marine biogeochemistry, Paleoceanography, 22, PA4202, doi:10.1029/2006PA001380.
7. Chavaillaz, Y., F. Codron, and M. Kageyama (2013), Southern westerlies in LGM and future (RCP4.5) climates, Clim. Past, 9(2), 517–524, doi:10.5194/cp-9-517-2013.
8. Clark, P. U., and A. C. Mix (2002), Ice sheets and sea level of the Last Glacial Maximum, Quat. Sci. Rev., 21(1–3), 1–7, doi:10.1016/S0277-3791(01)00118-4.
9. 2 in the western Atlantic Ocean, Paleoceanography, 20, PA1017, doi:10.1029/2004PA001021.
10. Duplessy, J. C., N. J. Shackleton, R. G. Fairbanks, L. Labeyrie, D. Oppo, and N. Kallel (1988), Deepwater source variations during the last climatic cycle and their impact on the global deepwater circulation, Paleoceanography, 3(3), 343–360, doi:10.1029/PA003i003p00343.
11. Ferrari, R., M. F. Jansen, J. F. Adkins, A. Burke, A. L. Stewart, and A. F. Thompson (2014), Antarctic sea ice control on ocean circulation in present and glacial climates, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 111(24), 8753–8758, doi:10.1073/pnas.1323922111.
12. Gebbie, G. (2014), How much did Glacial North Atlantic Water shoal?, Paleoceanography, 29, 190–209, doi:10.1002/2013PA002557.
13. Gersonde, R., X. Crosta, A. Abelmann, and L. Armand (2005), Sea-surface temperature and sea ice distribution of the Southern Ocean at the EPILOG Last Glacial Maximum—A circum-Antarctic view based on siliceous microfossil records, Quat. Sci. Rev., 24(7–9), 869–896, doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2004.07.015.
14. Goosse, H., D. M. Roche, A. Mairesse, and M. Berger (2013), Modelling past sea ice changes, Quat. Sci. Rev., 79, 191–206, doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2013.03.011.
15. Heuzé, C., K. J. Heywood, D. P. Stevens, and J. K. Ridley (2013), Southern ocean bottom water characteristics in CMIP5 models, Geophys. Res. Lett., 40, 1409–1414, doi:10.1002/grl.50287.
16. Ivanović, R. F., L. J. Gregoire, M. Kageyama, D. M. Roche, P. J. Valdes, A. Burke, R. Drummond, W. R. Peltier, and L. Tarasov (2016), Transient climate simulations of the deglaciation 21–9 thousand years before present (version 1)—PMIP4 Core experiment design and boundary conditions, Geosci. Model Dev., 9(7), 2563–2587, doi:10.5194/gmd-9-2563-2016.
17. Jansen, M. F. (2017), Glacial ocean circulation and stratification explained by reduced atmospheric temperature, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 114(1), 45–50, doi:10.1073/pnas.1610438113.
18. Jansen, M. F., and L.-P. Nadeau (2016), The effect of Southern Ocean surface buoyancy loss on the deep-ocean circulation and stratification, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 46(11), 3455–3470, doi:10.1175/JPO-D-16-0084.1.
19. Kerr, R., I. Wainer, and M. M. Mata (2009), Representation of the Weddell Sea deep water masses in the ocean component of the NCAR-CCSM model, Antarct. Sci., 21(3), 301–312, doi:10.1017/S0954102009001825.
20. Klockmann, M., U. Mikolajewicz, and J. Marotzke (2016), The effect of greenhouse gas concentrations and ice sheets on the glacial AMOC in a coupled climate model, Clim. Past, 12(9), 1829–1846, doi:10.5194/cp-12-1829-2016.
21. Kohfeld, K. E., R. M. Graham, A. M. de Boer, L. C. Sime, E. W. Wolff, C. Le Quéré, and L. Bopp (2013), Southern Hemisphere westerly wind changes during the Last Glacial Maximum: Paleo-data synthesis, Quat. Sci. Rev., 68, 76–95, doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2013.01.017.
22. Landrum, L., M. M. Holland, D. P. Schneider, and E. Hunke (2012), Antarctic sea ice climatology, variability, and late twentieth-century change in CCSM4, J. Clim., 25(14), 4817–4838, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00289.1.
23. Liu, W., J. Lu, L. R. Leung, S.-P. Xie, Z. Liu, and J. Zhu (2015), The de-correlation of westerly winds and westerly-wind stress over the Southern Ocean during the Last Glacial Maximum, Clim. Dyn., 45(11–12), 3157–3168, doi:10.1007/s00382-015-2530-4.
24. 2 forcing on glacial thermohaline circulation and climate, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L02706, doi:10.1029/2004GL021929.
25. Lucarini, V., and F. Ragone (2011), Energetics of climate models: Net energy balance and meridional enthalpy transport, Rev. Geophys., 49, RG1001, doi:10.1029/2009RG000323.
26. Lynch-Stieglitz, J., et al. (2007), Atlantic meridional overturning circulation during the Last Glacial Maximum, Science, 316(5821), 66–69, doi:10.1126/science.1137127.
27. Marshall, J., and K. Speer (2012), Closure of the meridional overturning circulation through Southern Ocean upwelling, Nat. Geosci., 5(3), 171–180, doi:10.1038/ngeo1391.
28. −], J. Phys. Oceanogr., 45(8), 2070–2094, doi:10.1175/JPO-D-14-0203.1.
29. Muglia, J., and A. Schmittner (2015), Glacial Atlantic overturning increased by wind stress in climate models, Geophys. Res. Lett., 42, 9862–9868, doi:10.1002/2015GL064583.
30. Otto-Bliesner, B. L., E. C. Brady, G. Clauzet, R. Tomas, S. Levis, and Z. Kothavala (2006), Last Glacial Maximum and Holocene climate in CCSM3, J. Clim., 19(11), 2526–2544, doi:10.1175/JCLI3748.1.
31. Otto-Bliesner, B. L., C. D. Hewitt, T. M. Marchitto, E. Brady, A. Abe-Ouchi, M. Crucifix, S. Murakami, and S. L. Weber (2007), Last Glacial Maximum ocean thermohaline circulation: PMIP2 model intercomparisons and data constraints, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L12706, doi:10.1029/2007GL029475.
32. Roche, D. M., X. Crosta, and H. Renssen (2012), Evaluating Southern Ocean sea-ice for the Last Glacial Maximum and pre-industrial climates: PMIP-2 models and data evidence, Quat. Sci. Rev., 56, 99–106, doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2012.09.020.
33. 2 climates, Geophys. Res. Lett., 40, 965–970, doi:10.1002/grl.50195.
34. Schmittner, A., J. A. M. Green, and S.-B. Wilmes (2015), Glacial ocean overturning intensified by tidal mixing in a global circulation model, Geophys. Res. Lett., 42, 4014–4022, doi:10.1002/2015GL063561.
35. Shin, S.-I., Z. Liu, B. Otto-Bliesner, E. Brady, J. Kutzbach, and S. Harrison (2003), A Simulation of the Last Glacial Maximum climate using the NCAR-CCSM, Clim. Dyn., 20(2–3), 127–151, doi:10.1007/s00382-002-0260-x.
36. Sime, L. C., D. Hodgson, T. J. Bracegirdle, C. Allen, B. Perren, S. Roberts, and A. M. de Boer(2016), Sea ice led to poleward-shifted winds at the Last Glacial Maximum: The influence of state dependency on CMIP5 and PMIP3 models, Clim. Past, 12(12), 2241–2253, doi:10.5194/cp-12-2241-2016.
37. Smith, J. A., C.-D. Hillenbrand, C. J. Pudsey, C. S. Allen, and A. G. Graham (2010), The presence of polynyas in the Weddell Sea during the last glacial period with implications for the reconstruction of sea-ice limits and ice sheet history, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 296(3–4), 287–298, doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2010.05.008.
38. Stössel, A., K. Yang, and S.-J. Kim (2002), On the role of sea ice and convection in a global ocean model, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 32(4), 1194–1208, doi:10.1175/1520-0485(2002)032<1194:OTROSI>2.0.CO;2.
39. Sun, S., I. Eisenman, and A. L. Stewart (2016), The influence of Southern Ocean surface buoyancy forcing on glacial-interglacial changes in the global deep ocean stratification, Geophys. Res. Lett., 43, 8124–8132, doi:10.1002/2016GL070058.
40. Talley, L. D. (2013), Closure of the global overturning circulation through the Indian, Pacific, and Southern Oceans: Schematics and transports, Oceanography, 26(1), 80–97.
41. 2, and climate change during the ice ages, Paleoceanography, 21, PA2005, doi:10.1029/2005PA001154.
42. Tschumi, T., F. Joos, and P. Parekh (2008), How important are Southern Hemisphere wind changes for low glacial carbon dioxide? A model study, Paleoceanography, 23, PA4208, doi:10.1029/2008PA001592.
43. Völker, C., and P. Köhler (2013), Responses of ocean circulation and carbon cycle to changes in the position of the Southern Hemisphere westerlies at Last Glacial Maximum, Paleoceanography, 28, 726–739, doi:10.1002/2013PA002556.
44. 2, Nat. Geosci., 8(11), 861–864, doi:10.1038/ngeo2538.
45. Weber, M. E., P. U. Clark, W. Ricken, J. X. Mitrovica, S. W. Hostetler, and G. Kuhn (2011), Interhemispheric ice-sheet synchronicity during the Last Glacial Maximum, Science, 334(6060), 1265–1269, doi:10.1126/science.1209299.
46. Weber, S. L., S. S. Drijfhout, A. Abe-Ouchi, M. Crucifix, M. Eby, A. Ganopolski, S. Murakami, B. Otto-Bliesner, and W. R. Peltier (2007), The modern and glacial overturning circulation in the Atlantic ocean in PMIP coupled model simulations, Clim. Past, 3(1), 51–64, doi:10.5194/cp-3-51-2007.
47. Wunsch, C. (2003), Determining paleoceanographic circulations, with emphasis on the Last Glacial Maximum, Quat. Sci. Rev., 22(2–4), 371–385, doi:10.1016/S0277-3791(02)00177-4.
48. Wunsch, C. (2016), Pore fluids and the LGM ocean salinity-reconsidered, Quat. Sci. Rev., 135, 154–170, doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2016.01.015.
49. Zhang, X., G. Lohmann, G. Knorr, and X. Xu (2013), Different ocean states and transient characteristics in Last Glacial Maximum simulations and implications for deglaciation, Clim. Past, 9(5), 2319–2333, doi:10.5194/cp-9-2319-2013.
50. Zheng, W., and Y. Yu (2013), Paleoclimate simulations of the mid-Holocene and Last Glacial Maximum by FGOALS, Adv. Atmos. Sci., 30(3), 684–698, doi:10.1007/s00376-012-2177-6.