Computational inverse techniques in nondestructive evaluation

Computational Inverse Techniques in Nondestructive Evaluation

Volumn , Issue , 2003, Pages 1-567

  Liu, G R ^a   Han, X ^a  

^a NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SINGAPORE   (Singapore)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 85020290771     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Book

References (361)

1. ABAQUS User’s Manual, vol. I, II, III, version 6.1, Hibbitt, Karlsson & Sorensen, Inc., Pawtucket, RI, 2000.
2. Abu-Lebdeh, G. and Benekohal, R.F., Convergence variability and population sizing in microgenetic algorithms, Comput.-Aided Civ. Infrastruct. Eng., 14(5), 321, 1999.
3. Achenbach, J.D., Wave Propagation in Elastic Solids, North-Holland, Amsterdam, 1973.
4. Ackley, D., A Connectionist Machine for Genetic Hillclimbing, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston, 1987.
5. Adams, R.D. and Cawley, P., A review of defect types and nondestructive testing techniques for composites and bonded joints, NDT Int., 21, 208, 1988.
6. Adams, R.D., Cawley, P., Pye, C.J. and Stone, B.J., A vibration technique for non-destructively assessing the integrity of structures, J. Mech. Eng. Sci., 20(2), 93, 1978.
7. Al-Hunaidi, M.O., Nondestructive evaluation of pavements using spectral analysis of surface waves in the frequency wave-number domain, J. Nondestructive Evaluation, 15(2), 71, 1996.
8. Amada, S., Ichikawa, Y., Munekata, T., Nagase, Y. and Shimizu, H., Fiber texture and mechanical graded structure of bamboo, Composites Part B, 28, 130, 1997.
9. Anderson, J.D., Computational Fluid Dynamics, the Basics with Applications, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1995.
10. Anderson, T.L., Fracture Mechanics: Fundamentals and Applications, 1st ed., CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1991.
11. Angelo, M., Hybrid genetic algorithms for timetabling, Int. J. Intelligent Syst., 11(8), 477, 1996.
12. Anikonov, Y.E., Formulas in Inverse and Ill-Posed Problems, Utrecht Press, Tokyo, 1997.
13. Anju, A. and Kawahara, M., Comparison of sensitivity equation and adjoint equation methods for parameter identification problems, Int. J. Numer. Mech. Eng., 40, 1015, 1997.
14. Ashok, D.B. and Chandrupatla, Optimization Concepts and Applications in Engineering, Prentice Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, NY, 1999.
15. Atalla, M.J. and Inman, D.J., On model updating using neural networks, Mech. Syst. Signal Proc., 12, 135, 1998.
16. Back, T., Hammel, U., and Schwefel, H.P., Evolutionary computation: comments on the history and current state, IEEE Trans. Evol. Computation 1(1), 3, 1997.
17. Bai, B.C. and Farhat, N.H., Learning networks for extrapolation and radar target identification, Neural Networks, 5(3), 507, 1992.
18. Balasubramaniam, K. and Rao, N.S., Inversion of composite material elastic constants from ultrasonic bulk wave phase velocity data using genetic algorithms, Composite Part B, 29B, 171, 1998.
19. Barro, S. et al., Classifying multichannel ECG patterns with an adaptive neural network, IEEE Eng. Med. Biol. Mag., 17(1), 45, 1998.
20. Belegundu, A.D. and Chandrupatla, T.R., Optimization Concepts and Applications in Engineering, Prentice Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1999.
21. Besterfield, D.H., Besterfield-Michna, C., Besterfield, G.H. and Besterfield-Sacre, M., Total Quality Management, Prentice Hall, Inc., 1995.
22. Bethke, A.D., Genetic algorithms as function optimizers, Diss. Abstr. Int., University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 3503B. 1981.
23. Bicanic, N. and Chen, H.P., Damage identification in framed structures using natural frequencies, Int. J. Numer. Methods Eng., 40, 4451, 1997.
24. Bishop, C.M., Neural networks and their applications, Rev. Sci. Instrum., 65, 1803, 1994.
25. Blanc, G., Raynaud, M. and Chau, T.H., Solution of a 2-D inverse heat conduction problem from thermal strain measurements, 2nd Int. Conference on Inverse Problems in Engineering: Theory and Practice, Le Croisic, France, 1996, 512.
26. Boltezar, M., Strancar, B. and Kuhelj, A., Identification of transverse crack location in flexural vibrations of free–free beam, J. Sound Vib., 211(5), 729, 1998.
27. Bosworth, J., Foo, N. and Zeigler, B.P., Comparison of genetic algorithms with conjugate gradient methods, NASA report, CR-2093, Washington, D.C., 1972.
28. Boving, K.G., NDE Handbook, Butterworths, London, 1989.
29. Bratton, R.L. and Datta, S.K., Anisotropic effects on lamb waves in composite plates, in Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation, Thompson, D.O. and Chimenti, D.E., Eds., Plenum Press, New York, 1989, 197.
30. Brebbia, C.A., Telles, J.C.F., and Wrobel, L.C., Boundary Element Techniques: Theory and Application in Engineering, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1984.
31. Brownjohn, J.M.W., Steele, G.H., Cawley, P. and Adams, R.D., Errors in mechanical impedance data obtained with impedance heads, J. Sound Vib., 73(3), 461, 1980.
32. Bryngelson, J., Onuchic, J., Socci, N. and Wolynes, P., Funnels, pathways and the energy landscape of protein folding: a synthesis, Prot. Struct. Funct. Genet., 21(3), 167, 1995.
33. Cai, C., Liu, G.R. and Lam, K.Y., An exact method for analyzing sound reflection and transmission by anisotropic laminates submerged in fluids, Appl. Acoust., 61, 95, 2000.
34. Carroll, D.L., Genetic algorithms and optimizing chemical oxygen-iodine lasers, Dev. Theor. Appl. Mech. 18, 411–424, University of Alabama, Birmingham, 1996a.
35. Carroll, D.L., Chemical laser modeling with genetic algorithms, AIAA J., 34(4), 338,1996b.
36. Cavalieri, S. and Gaiardelli, P., Hybrid genetic algorithms for a multiple-objective scheduling problem, J. Intelligent Manuf., 9(4), 361, 1998.
37. Cawley, P., The impedance method of non-destructive inspection, NDT Int., 17(2), 59, 1984.
38. Cawley, P., The operation of NDT instruments based on the impedance method, Composites Struct., 3, 215, 1985.
39. Cawley, P., The sensitivity of the mechanical impedance method of nondestructive testing, NDT Int., 20(4), 209, 1987.
40. Cawley, P., Woolfrey, A.M. and Adams, R.D., Natural frequency measurements for production quality control of fiber composites, Composites, 16(1), 23, 1985.
41. Chandrashekhara, K., Chukwujekwu, A. and Jiang, Y.P., Estimation of contact force on composite plates using impact-induced strain and neural networks, Composites Part B, 29B, 363, 1998.
42. Chang, C. and Sachse, W., Analysis of elastic wave signals from an extended source in an extended source in a plate, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 77(4), 1335, 1985.
43. Chang, C. and Sun, C.T., Determining transverse impact force on a composite laminate by signal deconvolution, Exp. Mech., 29, 414, 1989.
44. Chang, C.C., Chang, T.Y.P. and Xu, Y.G., Adaptive neural networks for model updating of structures, Smart Mater. Struct., 9, 59, 2000.
45. Chen, D. and Nisitani, H., Trans. Jpn. Soc. Mech. Eng. Ser. A, 57, 274, 1991.
46. Chen, S.C. and Liu, G.R., Damage assessment of structures using dynamic response and an inverse procedure, Proceedings of the First Asian-Pacific Congress on Computational Mechanics, 23 November 2001, Elsevier, Sydney, 1065.
47. Chen, T. and Chen, H., Universal approximation capability of EBF neural networks with arbitrary activation functions, Circuits Syst. Signal Proc., 15, 671, 1996.
48. Cheng, R., Gen, M. and Tsujimura, Y., A tutorial survey of job-shop scheduling problems using genetic algorithms: part I. representation, Int. J. Comput. Ind. Eng. 30(4), 983, 1996.
49. Cheng, R., Gen, M. and Tsujimura, Y., A tutorial survey of job-shop scheduling problems using genetic algorithms: part II. hybrid genetic search strategies. Int. J. Comput. Ind. Eng., 37(1), 51, 1999.
50. Christensen, R.M., Mechanics of Composite Materials, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1979.
51. Chu, Y.C. and Rokhlin, S.I., Stability of determination of composite moduli from velocity data in planes of symmetry for weak and strong anisotropies, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 95(1), 213, 1994a.
52. Chu, Y.C. and Rokhlin, S.I., Analysis of composite elastic constant reconstruction from ultrasonic bulk wave velocity data, in Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation, Thompson, D.O. and Chimenti, D.E., 1994b, 1165.
53. Chu, Y.C., Degtyar, A.D. and Rokhlin, S.I., On determination of orthotropic material moduli from ultrasonic velocity data in non-symmetry planes, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 95(6), 3191, 1994.
54. Coffin, L.F., ASTM STP 969, Amer. Soc. Testing Mater., 325, 1988.
55. Coley, D.A., An Introduction to Genetic Algorithms for Scientists and Engineering, World Scientific, Singapore, 1999.
56. Crane, R.M. and Gagorik, J., Fiber optics for a damage assessment system for fiber reinforced plastic composite structures, Quant. NDE, 28, 1419, 1984.
57. D’Cruz, J., Crisp, J.D.C. and Ryall, T.G., On the identification of a harmonic force on a viscoelastic plate from response data, J. Appl. Mech., 59, 722, 1992.
58. Dandekar, T. and Argos, P., Potential of genetic algorithms in protein folding and protein engineering simulations, Protein Eng., 5 (7), 637, 1992.
59. Datta, S.K., Ju, T.H. and Shah, A.H., Scattering of an impact wave by a crack in a composite plate, ASME J. App. Mech., 59, 596, 1992.
60. Davidor, Y., A genetic algorithm applied to robot trajectory generation, in Handbook of Genetic Algorithms, Davis, L., Ed., 923–932, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1991.
61. Davis, C.M., Fiber optic sensor: an overview, Opt. Eng., 24(2), 347, 1985.
62. Davis, L., Ed., Handbook of Genetic Algorithms, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1991.
63. Daw, M.S. and Baskes, M.I., Embedded-atom method: derivation and application to impurities, surfaces, and other defects in metals, Phys. Rev. B, 29(12), 6443, 1984.
64. Deb, K., Optimization for Engineering Design: Algorithms and Examples, Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi, 1998.
65. Denker, J., Schwartz, B., Wittner, B., Solla, S., Howard, R., Jackel, L. and Hopfiled, J., Large automatic learning, rule extraction, and generalization, Complex Syst., 1, 877, 1987.
66. Dennis, J.E. and Schnabel, R.B., Numerical Methods for Unconstrained Optimization and Nonlinear Equations, Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, Philadelphia, 1996.
67. Derrida, B., Random energy model: limit of a family of disordered models, Phys. Rev. Lett., 45, 2, 1980.
68. Dong, S.B. and Nelson, R.B., On natural vibrations and waves in laminated orthotropic plates, ASME J. Appl. Mech., 39, 739, 1972.
69. Doyle, J.F., Determining the contact force during the transverse impact of plates, Exp. Mech., 27(10), 68, 1987.
70. Doyle, J.F., Static and Dynamic Analysis of Structures, Kluwer Academic Publishers, The Netherlands, 1991.
71. Doyle, J.F., Determining the size and location of transverse cracks in beams, Exp. Mech., 35, 272, 1995.
72. Doyle, J.F., Wave Propagation in Structures, Spectral Analysis Using Fast Discrete Fourier Transforms, 2nd ed., Springer-Verlag, New York, 1997.
73. Doyle, J.F. and Kamle, S., An experimental study of the reflection and transmission of flexural waves at discontinuities, ASME J. Appl. Mech., 52, 669, 1985.
74. Doyle, J.F. and Kamle, S., An experimental study of the reflection and transmission of flexural waves at an arbitrary T-joint, ASME J. Appl. Mech., 54, 136, 1987.
75. Doyle, J.F., Farris, T.N. and Martin, M.T., Crack identification in frame structures, dynamic fracture mechanics, Comput. Mech. Publ., 237, 1995.
76. Dozier, G., Bowen, J. and Homaifar, A., Solving constraint satisfaction problems using hybrid evolutionary search, IEEE Trans. Evol. Computation, 2(1), 23, 1998.
77. Elvin, N. and Leung, C., Feasibility of delamination detection with embedded optical fibers, Procedings SPIE-International Society of Optical Engineers, Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers, Bellingham, WA, V3041, 1997, 627.
78. Engl, H.W., Hanke, M. and Neubauer, A., Regularization of Inverse Problems, Kluwer Academic Publishers, The Netherlands, 2000.
79. Eshelman, L.J., The CHC adaptive search algorithm: how to have safe search when engaging in nontraditional genetic recombination, in Foundations of Genetic Algorithms, Spatz, B.M., Ed., Morgan Kaufmann, San Mateo, CA, 1989, 265.
80. Ewins, D.J., Modal Testing: Theory and Practice, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1985.
81. Fasman, G., Ed., Prediction of Protein Structure and the Principles of Protein Conformation, Plenum Press, New York, 1990.
82. Fletcher, R. and Reeves, C.M., Function minimization by conjugate gradients, Comput. J., 6, 163, 1963.
83. Fletcher, R., Practical Methods of Optimization, 2nd ed., John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1987.
84. Foiles, S.M., Baskes, M.I. and Daw, M.S., Embedded-atom-method functions for the fcc metals Cu, Ag, Au, Ni, Pd, Pt, and their alloys, Phys. Rev. B, 33(12), 7983, 1986.
85. Foresee, F.D. and Hagan, M.T., Gauss–Newton approximation to Bayesian regularization, Proc. 1997 Int. Joint Conf. Neural Networks, 1997, 1930.
86. Forster, F.K., Bardell, L., Afromowitz, M.A., Sharma, N.R. and Blanchard, A., Design, fabrication and testing of fixed-valve micro-pumps, Proc. ASME Fluids Eng. Division, 234, 39, 1995.
87. Frederiksen, P.S., Application of an improved model for the identification of material parameters, Mech. Composite Mater. Struct., 4, 297, 1997.
88. Freifelder, D. and Malacinski, G., Essentials of Molecular Biology, 2nd ed., Jones and Bartlett Publishers, Boston, 1993.
89. Gasik, M. The present state of research and future opportunities of functionally graded materials, FGM News, 31(7), 6, 1996.
90. Gasik, M. and Kawasaki, A., Functionally graded materials for automotive applications, Proceedings of 32nd ISATA Congress, Vienna, 4, 581, 1999.
91. Gen, M. and Chen, R.W., Genetic Algorithms and Engineering Design, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1997.
92. Gen, M., Ida, K. and Li, Y.Z., Bicriteria transportation problem by hybrid genetic algorithm, Comput. Ind. Eng. 35(1–2), 363, 1998.
93. Gill, P.E. and Murray, W., Algorithms for the solution of the nonlinear least squares problem, SIAM J. Numerical Anal., 15(5), 977, 1978.
94. Glossop, N.D.W., Dubois, S., Tsaw, W., Leblanc, M., Lymer, J., Measures, R.M., and Tennyson, R.C., Optical fiber damage detection for an aircraft composite leading edge, Composites, 21(1), 71–80, 1990.
95. Goldberg, D.E., Computer-aided gas pipeline operation using genetic algorithms and rule learning, Diss. Abstr. Int., University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 44(10), 3174B, 1983.
96. Goldberg, D.E., Genetic Algorithms in Search, Optimization, and Machine Learning, Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, 1989.
97. Goldberg, D.E., Real-coded genetic algorithms, virtual alphabets, and block, Technical Report No. 90001, University of Illinois, Chicago, 1991.
98. Goldberg, D.E. and Richardson, J., Genetic algorithms with sharing for multimodal function optimization: genetic algorithms and their applications, in Proc. 2nd Int. Conf. Genet. Algorithms, 1987, 41.
99. Goldberg, D.E., Korb, B. and Deb, K., Messy Genetic Algorithms: Motivation, Analysis, and First Research, Complex Systems 3, Complex Systems Publications, Inc., Champaign, IL, 490, 1989.
100. Golub, G.H. and Van Loan, C.F., Matrix Computations, 3rd ed., The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, 1996.
101. Gong, D., Yamazaki, G., and Gen, M., Evolutionary program for optimal design of material distribution system, in Proc. 3rd IEEE Conf. Evol. Comput., 1996, 139.
102. Goodier, J.N., Jahsman, W.E. and Riperger, E.A. An experimental surface wave method for recording force-time curves in elastic impacts, J. Appl. Mech., 26, 3, 1959.
103. Gorges-Schleuter, ASPARAGOS: an asynchronous parallel genetic algorithm strategy, in Proc. 3rd Int. Conf. Genet. Algorithms Appl., 1989, 422.
104. Graff, K.F., Wave Motion in Elastic Solids, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1975.
105. Grefenstette, J.J., Gopal, R., Rosmaita, B.J. and Van Gucht, D., Genetic algorithms for the traveling salesman problem, in Proc. Int. Conf. Genet. Algorithms Appl., 1985, 160.
106. Grefenstette, J.J., Lamarkian learning in multi-agent environment, in Proc. 4th Int. Conf. Genet. Algorithms, 303, 1991.
107. Groetsch, C.W., Inverse Problems in the Mathematical Sciences, Vieweg & Sohn Verlags-gesellschaft mbH, Braunschweig/Wiesbaden, Germany, 1993.
108. Haario, H., Theory and Application of Inverse Problems, Logmon Scientific & Technical Press, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 1996.
109. Hallquist, J.O., Ed., LS_DYNA Theoretical Manual, Livemore Software Technology Corporation, 1998.
110. Han, X., Elastic waves in functionally graded materials and its application to material characterization, Ph.D. thesis, National University of Singapore, 2000.
111. Han, X. and Liu, G.R., Reconstruction of elastic constants of laminated shells using a combined inverse technique, 14th U.S. National Congress of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, Blacksburg, VA, June 23–28, 2002a.
112. Han, X. and Liu, G.R., Determination of elastic constants of laminated cylindrical shells by means of elastic waves, 5th World Congress on Computational Mechanics, Vienna, Austria, 2002b.
113. Han, X. and Liu, G.R., An inverse technique for identification of elastic constants of glass/epoxy laminated plate 4th International Conference on Inverse Problems in Engineering: Theory and Practice, Angra dos Reis, Brazil, 2002c.
114. Han, X. and Liu, G.R., Material characterization of FGM plates using elastic waves and genetic algorithm, AIAA J., 41(2), 288, 2003.
115. Han, X., Liu, G.R. and Lam, K.Y., Transient waves in functionally graded material plate, Int. J. Numerical Methods Eng., 52, 851, 2001a.
116. Han, X., Liu, G.R., Lam, K.Y., and Ohyoshi, T., A quadratic layer element for analyzing stress waves in functionally graded materials and its application for material characterization, J. Sound Vib., 236(2), 307, 2000.
117. Han, X., Liu, G.R., Xi, Z.C. and Lam, K.Y., Characteristics of waves in a functionally graded cylinder, Int. J. Numerical. Methods Eng., 53, 653, 2002a.
118. Han, X., Liu, G.R., Xi, Z.C. and Lam, K.Y., Transient waves in a functionally graded cylinder, Int. J. Solids Struct., 38(17), 3021, 2001b.
119. Han, X. and Xu, D., A computational method for reconstruction of elastic constants of anisotropic laminated plate, 6th U.S. National Congress on Computational Mechanics, Dearborn, Michigan, August 1–4, 2001c.
120. Han, X., Xu, D., Yap, F.F. and Liu, G.R., On determination of the material constants of laminated cylindrical shells based on an inverse optimal approach, Inverse Probl. Eng., 10(4), 309, 2002b.
121. Han, X., Xu, D. and Liu, G.R., An application of a progressive neural network to material characterization of a functionally graded cylinder, Neurocomputing, 51, 341, 2003.
122. Hansen, P.C., Analysis of discrete ill-posed problems by means of the L-curve, SIAM Rev., 34, 561, 1992.
123. Haupt, L.R. and Haupt, S.E., Practical Genetic Algorithms, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 1998.
124. Heinz, W.E., Hanke, M. and Neubauer, A., Regularization of Inverse Problems, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 2000.
125. Hertz, J., Krogh, A. and Palmer, R.G., Introduction to the Theory of Neural Computation, Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Reading, MA, 1991.
126. Hirai, T., Functionally gradient materials, in Processing of Ceramics, Part 2, Brook, R.J., Ed., VCH Velagsge-sellschaft MbH Publishers, Weinheim, Germany, 1996, 293.
127. Hirsch, C., Numerical Computation of Internal and External Flows, vol. 1, Wiley-Interscience Publications, New York, 1988.
128. Hofer, B., Fiber optic damage detection in composite structures, Composites, 18(4), 309, 1987.
129. Holland, J.H., Adaption in Natural and Artificial Systems, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1975.
130. Hsu, N.N., Simmons, J.A. and Hardy, S.C., An approach to acoustic emission signal analysis-theory and experiment, Mater. Eval., 35(10), 100, 1977.
131. Huber, N. and Tsakmakis, C., Determination of constitutive properties from spherical indentation data using neural networks. part I: the case of pure kinematic hardening in plasticity laws, J. Mech. Phys. Solids, 47, 1569, 1999.
132. The I-deas Electronic System Cooling User's Guide and TMG Thermal Analysis User's Guide, MAYA Heat Transfer Technologies, 1995.
133. Ilschner, B. and Cherradi, N., Eds., Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on Structural and Functional Gradient Materials, Lausanne, Switzeland, Presses Poly-techniques et Universitarires Romands, 1995.
134. Irwan, B.K., Finite element simulation of images of flaws in materials, bachelor thesis, National University of Singapore, 2001.
135. Ishak, S.I., Nondestructive evaluation of structures using flexural waves, Ph.D. thesis, National University of Singapore, 2001.
136. Ishak, S.I., Liu, G.R. and Lim, S.P., Study on characterization of horizontal cracks in isotropic beams, J. Sound Vib., 238(4), 661, 2000.
137. Ishak, S.I., Liu, G.R., Lim, S.P. and Shang, H.M., A study of mechanical impedance method for characterization of delaminations in laminated materials, in Proceedings of the Impact Response of Materials and Structures, Shim, V.P.W., Tanimura, S. and Lim, C.T., Eds., Oxford, Singapore, 1999, 333.
138. Ishak, S.I., Liu, G.R., Lim, S.P. and Shang, H.M., Characterization of delamination in beams using flexural wave scattering analysis, ASME J. Vib. Acoust., 123(4), 421, 2001a.
139. Ishak, S.I., Liu, G.R., Lim, S.P. and Shang, H.M., Experimental study on employing flexural wave measurement to characterize delamination in beams, Exp. Mech., 41(2), 157, 2001b.
140. Ishak, S.I, Liu, G.R., Lim, S.P. and Shang, H.M., Locating and sizing of delamination in composite laminates using computational and experimental methods, Composite Part B, 32(4), 287–298, 2001c.
141. Ishak, S.I., Liu, G.R., Lim, S.P. and Shang, H.M., Nondestructive evaluation of horizontal crack detection in beams using transverse impact, J. Sound Vib., 252(2), 343, 2002.
142. Janikow, C.Z. and Michalewicz, Z., An experimental comparison of binary and floating point representations in genetic algorithms, in Proc. 4th Int. Conf. Genet. Algorithms, 1991, 31.
143. Johnson, E.G. and Abushagur, M.A.G., Image deconvolution using a micro genetic algorithm, Opt. Commun., 140(1-3), 6, 1997.
144. Karim, M.R. and Kundu, T., Transient response of three layered composites with two interface cracks due to a line load, Acta Mech., 76, 53, 1989.
145. Karim, M.R. and Kundu, T., Scattering of acoustic beams by cracked composites, ASCE J. Eng. Mech. 116, 1812, 1990.
146. Karim, M.R., Awal, M.A. and Kundu, T., Numerical analysis of guided wave scattering by multiple cracks in plates: SH-case, Eng. Fracture Mech., Int. J., 42, 371, 1992a.
147. Karim, M.R., Awal, M.A. and Kundu, T., Elastic wave scattering by cracks and inclusions in plates: in-plane case, Int. J. Solids Struct., 29, 2355, 1992b.
148. Karim, M.R., Kundu, T. and Desai, C.S., Detection of delamination cracks in layered fiber reinforced composite plates, ASME J. Pressure Vessel Tech., 111, 165, 1989.
149. Karunasena, W.M., Shah, A.H. and Datta, S.K., Plane-strain wave scattering by cracks in laminated composite plate, ASCE J. Eng. Mech., 117(8), 1738, 1991.
150. Kausel, E. and Roësset, J.M., Semianalytic hyperelement for layered strata, J. Eng. Mech. Div., 118(4), 569, 1977.
151. Kausel, E., An explicit solution for the Green's functions for dynamic loads in layered media, in Technical Report R81-13, Department of Civil Engineering, M.I.T., Cambridge, MA, 1981.
152. Kausel, E., Wave propagation in anisotropic layered media, Int. J. Numer. Methods Eng., 23, 1567, 1986.
153. Kennedy, S., Five ways to a smarter genetic algorithm, AI Expert, 34, 35, 1993.
154. Kerner, E.H., The elastic and thermo-elastic properties of composite media, Proc. Phys. Soc., 63, 808, 1956.
155. Klenke, S.E. and Paez, T.L., Damage identification with probabilistic neural networks, Proc. 12th Int. Modal Anal. Conf., 1994, 99.
156. Kitamura, T., Yashiro, K. and Ohtani, R., Atomic simulation on deformation and fracture of nano-single crystal of nickel in tension, JSME Int. J., A, 40(4), 430, 1997.
157. Koizumi, M., FGM activities in Japan, Composites Part B, 28 (1–2), 1, 1997.
158. Kress, R. and Zinn, A., Inverse problems in engineering science, in ICM-90 Satellite Conference Proceedings, Yamaguti, M., Hayakawa, K., Iso, Y., Mori, M., Nishida, T., Tomoeda, K. and Yamamoto, M., Eds., Springer-Verlag, Tokyo, 1991, 43.
159. Krishnan, B. and Navin, S.R., Inversion of composite material elastic constants from ultrasonic bulk wave phase velocity data using genetic algorithms, Composites Part B, 29, 171, 1998.
160. Kubo, S., Computational inverse schemes for various categories of inverse problems, in Inverse Problems, Kubo, S., Ed., 1993, 36.
161. Kundu, T., Dynamic interaction between two interface cracks in a three layered plate, Int. J. Solids Struct., 24, 27, 1988.
162. Kundu, T. and Hassan, T., A numerical study of the transient behavior of an interfacial crack in a bimaterial plate, Int. J. Fracture, 35, 55, 1987.
163. Lagerkvist, L. and Lundberg, B., Mechanical impedance gauge based on measurement of strains on a vibrating rod, J. Sound Vib., 80(3), 389, 1982.
164. Lam, K.Y., Liu, G.R., and Wang, Y.Y., Characterization of a vertical surface-breaking crack plate, Computational Acoust., 3(4), 297, 1995.
165. Lam, K.Y., Liu, G.R. and Wang, Y.Y., Time-harmonic response of a vertical crack in plates, Theor. Appl. Frac. Mech., 27, 21, 1997.
166. Lange, Y.V., Characteristics of the impedance method of inspection, Sov. J. Nondestructive Testing, 8, 47, 1972.
167. Lange, Y.V. and Teumin, I.I., Dynamic flexibility of a dry point contact, Sov. J. Nondestructive Testing, 7, 157, 1971.
168. Lapedes, A. and Farber, R., How neural nets work, in Neural Information Processing Systems, Anderson, D.Z., Ed., American Institute of Physics, New York, 1988, 442.
169. Law, S.S., Chan, H.T. and Zeng, Q.H., Moving force identification: a time domain method, J. Sound Vib., 201, 1, 1997.
170. Lawrence, D., Genetic Algorithms and Simulated Annealing, Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, London, 1987.
171. Leung, A. and Payandeh, S., Application of adaptive neural network to localization of objects using pressure array transducer, Robotica, 14(4), 407, 1996.
172. Levin, R.I. and Lieven, N.A.J., Dynamic finite element model updating using neural networks, J. Sound Vib., 210(5), 593, 1998.
173. Levine, D., Users Guide to the PGA Pack Parallel Genetic Algorithm Library, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, 1996.
174. Lippmann, R.P., An introduction to computing with neural nets, IEEE ASSP Mag., 4, 4, 1987.
175. Liu, G.R., Experimental Study and Theoretical Analysis of Mechanical Behavior at High Temperature of T300/epoxy Composite Materials, master thesis, Bei Hang University, China, 1984.
176. Liu, G.R., A step-by-step method of rule-of-mixture of fiber-and particle-reinforced composite materials, Composite Struct., 40, 313, 1998.
177. Liu, G.R., A combined finite element/strip element method for analyzing elastic wave scattering by cracks and inclusions in laminates, Computational Mech., 28, 2002b, 76–82.
178. Liu, G.R., Mesh Free Methods: Moving beyond the Finite Element Method, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 2002a.
179. Liu, G.R. and Achenbach, J.D., A strip element method for stress analysis of anisotropic linearly elastic solids, ASME J. Appl. Mech., 61, 270, 1994.
180. Liu, G.R. and Achenbach, J.D., Strip element method to analyze wave scattering by cracks in anisotropic laminated plates, ASME J. Appl. Mech., 62, 607, 1995.
181. Liu, G.R., Achenbach, J.D., Kim, J.O. and Li, Z.L., A combined finite element method/boundary element method for v(z) curves of anisotropic-layer/substrate configurations, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 92(5), 2734, 1992.
182. Liu, G.R. and Chen, S.C., A novel formulation of inverse identification of stiffness distribution in structures, in The 1st International Conference on Structural Stability and Dynamics, Yang, Y.B., Leu, L.J. and Hsieh, S.H., Eds., Taipei, Taiwan, 2000, 531.
183. Liu, G.R. and Chen, S.C., Flaw detection in sandwich plates based on time-harmonic response using genetic algorithm, Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Eng., 190 (42), 5505, 2001.
184. Liu, G.R. and Chen, S.C., A novel technique for inverse identification of distributed stiffness factor in structures, J. Sound Vib., 254(5), 823, 2002.
185. Liu, G.R. and Han, X., An inverse procedure for determination of material property of FGM, International Symposium on Inverse Problems in Engineering Mechanics, Nagano City, Japan. 2001, 63.
186. Liu, G.R., Han, X. and Lam, K.Y., Material characterization of FGM plates using elastic waves and an inverse procedure, J. Composite Mater., 35 (11), 954, 2001a.
187. Liu, G.R., Han, X. and Lam, K.Y., A combined genetic algorithm and nonlinear least squares method for material characterization using elastic waves, Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Eng., 191, 1909, 2002a.
188. Liu, G.R., Han, X. and Lam, K.Y., Determination of elastic constants of anisotropic laminated plates using elastic waves and a progressive neural network, J. Sound Vib., 252(2), 239, 2002b.
189. Liu, G.R., Han, X. and Lam, K.Y., Stress waves in functionally gradient materials and its use for material characterization, Composites Part B, 30, 383, 1999.
190. Liu, G.R., Han, X. and Ohyoshi, T., Computational inverse techniques for material characterization using dynamic response, Int. J. Soc. Mater. Eng. Resour., 10(1), 26, 2002c.
191. Liu, G. R., Han, X., Xu, Y.G. and Lam, K.Y., Material characterization of functionally graded material using elastic waves and a progressive learning neural network, Composites Sci. Technol., 61, 1401, 2001b.
192. Liu, G.R. and Lam, K.Y., Characterization of a horizontal crack in anisotropic laminated plates, Int. J. Solids Struct., 31(21), 2965, 1994.
193. Liu, G.R. and Lam, K.Y., Two-dimensional time harmonic elastodynamic Green’s functions for anisotropic media, Int. J. Eng. Sci., 34 (11), 1327, 1996a.
194. Liu, G.R. and Lam, K.Y, Scattering of SH waves by flaws in sandwich plates and its use in flaw detection, Composite Struct., 34, 251, 1996b.
195. Liu, G.R., Lam, K.Y. and Ohyoshi, T., A technique for analyzing elastodynamic responses of anisotropic laminated plates to line loads, Composites Part B, 28B, 667, 1997.
196. Liu, G.R., Lam, K.Y. and Shang, H.M., Scattering of waves by flaws in anisotropic laminated plates, Composites Part B, 27B, 431, 1996.
197. Liu, G.R., Lam, K.Y. and Tani, J., An exact method for analyzing elastodynamic responses of anisotropic laminates to line loads, Mech. Composite Mater. Struct., 2, 227, 1995a.
198. Liu, G.R., Lam, K.Y. and Tani, J., Characterization of flaws in sandwich plates: numerical experiment, JSME Int. J. (A), Jpn., 38 (4), 554, 1995b.
199. Liu, G.R, Lam, K.Y. and Shang, H.M., A new method for analyzing wave fields in laminated composite plates: two-dimensional cases, Composites Eng., 5(12), 1489, 1995c.
200. Liu, G.R. and Liu, M.B., Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics: a Meshfree Particle Method, World Scientific Publishing Corporation, Singapore, 2003.
201. Liu, G.R. and Ma, H.J., Material characterization of composite laminate using dynamic response and real parameter coded micro genetic algorithm, Eng. Comput., 2003.
202. Liu, G.R. and Ma, W.B., An inverse procedure for loading identification of composite laminates, Proc. Asia–Pacific Vib. Conf. ’99, Singapore, December 1999, 740.
203. Liu, G.R. and Ma, W.B., Inversion of ply orientations of composite laminates using genetic algorithm, in Proceedings of the Advances in Computational Engineering & Sciences, Atluri, S.N. and Brust, F.W., Eds., Tech Science Press, Encino, CA, 2000, 1227.
204. Liu, G.R., Ma, W.B. and Han, X., An inverse procedure for determination of material constants of composite laminates using elastic waves, Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Eng., 191, 3543, 2002d.
205. Liu, G.R., Ma, W.B. and Han, X., An inverse procedure for identification of loads on composite laminate plates, Composites Part B, 33, 425, 2002e.
206. Liu, G.R., Ma, W.B. and Han, X., Inversion of loading time history using displacement response of composite laminates: three-dimensional cases, Acta Mech., 157(1–4), 223, 2002f.
207. Liu, G.R. and Quek, S.S., Finite Element Method: for Readers of All Backgrounds, Butter-worth-Heinemann, Burlington, MA, 2003.
208. Liu, G.R. and Tani, J., Lamb wave propagation in anisotropic functionally gradient material plates, in Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Functionally Gradient Materials, Yamanouchi, M. et al., Eds., Functionally Gradient Materials Forum, Sendai, 1990, 54.
209. Liu, G.R. and Tani, J., Surface waves in functionally gradient piezoelectric material plates, ASME J. Vib. Acoust., 116, 440, 1994.
210. Liu, G.R., and Xi, Z.C, Elastic Waves in Anisotropic Laminates, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 2001.
211. Liu, G.R., Xu, Y.G. and Wu, Z.P., Total solution for structural mechanics problems, Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Eng., 191, 989, 2001c.
212. Liu, G.R., Yang, Z.L., and Han, X., Stable protein structure prediction and dynamic behavior analysis, 2nd Int. Conf. Struct. Stability Dynamics, Singapore, 2002g.
213. Liu, G.R., Zhou, J.J. and Wang, J.G., Coefficients identification in electronic system cooling simulation through genetic algorithm, Comput. Struct., 80, 23, 2002h.
214. Liu, N., Zhu, Q.M., Wei, C.Y., Dykes, N.D. and Irving, P.E., Impact damage detection in carbon fibre composites using neural networks and acoustic emission, Key Eng. Mater., 167, 43, 1999.
215. Liu, S.W. and Datta, S.K., Scattering of ultrasonic waves by cracks in a plate, ASME J. Appl. Mech., 60, 352, 1993.
216. Liu, S.W., Datta, S.K. and Ju, T.H., Transient scattering of Rayleigh lamb waves by a surface-breaking crack: comparison of numerical simulation and experiment, J. Nondestrucive. Evaluation, 10, 111, 1991.
217. Lobo, F.G. and Goldberg, D.E., Decision making in a hybrid genetic algorithm, Proc. IEEE Conf. Evol. Computation, 121, 1997.
218. Lp K.-H., Tse, P.-C. and Lai, T.-C., Material characterization for orthotropic shells using model analysis and Rayleigh-Ritz models, Composites Part B, 29B, 397, 1998.
219. Luo, H. and Hanagud, S., Dynamic learning rate neural networks training and composite structural damage detection, AIAA J., 35, 1522, 1997.
220. Ma, W.B., Studies on inverse problems of composite laminates, Master thesis, National University of Singapore, 2000.
221. Mace, B.R., Wave reflection and transmission in beams, J. Sound Vib., 97(2), 237, 1984.
222. MacKay, D.J.C., Bayesian interpolation, Neural Computation, 4(3), 415, 1992.
223. Magyar, G., Johnsson, M. and Nevalainen, O., An adaptive hybrid genetic algorithm for the three-matching problem, IEEE Trans. Evol. Computation, 4(2), 135, 2000.
224. Maluf, N., An Introduction to Microelectromechanical Systems Engineering, Artech House, Inc., Boston, 2000.
225. Man, K.F., Tang, K.S. and Kwong, S., Genetic Algorithms: Concepts and Designs, Springer, London, 1999.
226. Manson, R.L., Gunst, R.F. and Hess, J.L., Statistical Design and Analysis of Experiments, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1989.
227. Marquardt, D.W., An algorithm for least squares estimation of nonlinear parameters, SIAM J. Appl. Math., 11(2), 431, 1963.
228. Mase, H. and Kitano, K., Prediction model for occurrence of impact wave force, Ocean Eng., 26, 949, 1999.
229. Masri, S.F., Ghassiakos, A.G. and Caughey, T.K., Neural network approach to detection of changes in structural parameters, J. Eng. Mech., 122, 350, 1996.
230. MATLAB: the Language of Technical computing, version 6.1.0.450, release 12.1, The MathWorks, Inc., 2001.
231. Matsumura, S., Dkada, M., Yoshikawa, I., Togawa, M. and Kuroda, Y., A technology to form FGMs by composite electroforming, in Functionally Gradient Materials, Birch, H.J., Ed., American Ceramics Society, Westville, OH, 1993, 331.
232. Michael, D.H., Waechter, R.T. and Collins, R., Characterization of a vertical surface-breaking crack plates, Computational Acoust., 3(4), 297, 1995.
233. Michaels, J.E., Michaels, T.E., and Sachse, W., Applications of deconvolution to acoustic emission, Signal Analysis Mater. Eval., 39(11), 1032, 1981.
234. Michaels, J.E. and Pao, Y.H., The inverse source problem for an oblique force on an elastic plate, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 77, 2005, 1985.
235. Michaels, J.E. and Pao, Y.H., Determination of dynamic forces from wave motion measurements, J. Appl. Mech., 53, 61–67, 1986.
236. Michalewicz, Z., Genetic Algorithms + Data Structures = Evolution Programs (3rd rev., extended ed.), Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1992.
237. Mignogna, R.B., Ultrasonic determination of elastic constants from oblique angles of incidence in non-symmetry planes, in Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation, Thompson, D.O. and Chimenti, D.E., Eds., Plenum Press, New York, 1990, 1565.
238. Mignogna, R.B., Batra, N.K. and Simmonds, K.E., Determination of elastic constants of anisotropic materials from oblique angle ultrasonic measurements. I: analysis II: experimental, in Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation, Thompson, D.O. and Chimenti, D.E., Eds., Plenum Press, New York, 1991, 1669.
239. Miller, J., Potter, W., Gandham, R. and Lapena, C., An evaluation of local improvement operators for genetic algorithms, IEEE Trans. Syst., Man, Cybern., 23(5), 1340, 1993.
240. Miller, R.E., Optimization Foundations and Applications, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 2000.
241. Mohammed, O.A. and Uler, G.G., A hybrid technique for the optimal design of electromagnetic devices using direct search and genetic algorithms, IEEE Trans. Magn., 33, 1931, 1997.
242. Möller, P.W., Load identification through structural modification, J. Appl. Mech., 66, 236, 1999.
243. Moŕe, J.J., The Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm: implementation and theory, in numerical analysis, Lecture Notes in Math, 630, Waston, G.A., Ed., Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 105–116, 1977.
244. Morris, A.J., Foundations of Structural Optimization: a Unified Approach, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1982.
245. Moscato, P. and Norman, M., A memetic approach for the traveling salesman problem: implementation of a computational ecology for combinatorial optimization on message-passing systems, in Proc. Int. Conf. Parallel Comput. Transp. Appl., 1992.
246. Muhlenbein, H., How genetic algorithms really work: part I. mutation and hillclimbing, in Parallel Problem Solving from Nature: PPSN II, Manner, R. and Manderick, B., Eds., Elsevier Science Publisher, Holland, 1992, 15.
247. Mujumdar, P.M. and Suryanarayan, S., Flexural vibrations of beams with delaminations, J. Sound Vib., 125(3), 441, 1988.
248. Nadeau, J.C. and Ferrari, M., Microstructural optimization of a functionally graded transversely isotropic layer, Mech. Mater., 31, 637, 1999.
249. 3 single crystals, J. Mater. Sci., 26, 2208. 1991.
250. Narkis, Y., Identification of crack location in vibrating simply supported beams, J. Sound Vib., 172(4), 549, 1994.
251. Nelson, R.B. and Dong, S.B., High frequency vibrations and waves in laminated othortropic plates, J. Sound Vib., 30, 33, 1973.
252. Ni, R.G. and Adams, R.D., A rational method for obtaining the dynamic mechanical properties of lamina for predicting the stiffness and damping of laminated plates and beams, Composites, 15(3), 193, 1984.
253. Nogata, F. and Takahashi, H., Intelligent functionally graded material: bamboo, Composites Eng., 5(7), 743, 1995.
254. Olsson, A., Stemme, G. and Stemme, E., Diffuser-element design investigation for valve-less pumps, Sensors Actuators A, 57, 137, 1996.
255. Olsson, A., Stemme, G. and Stemme, E., Numerical and experimental studies of flat-walled diffuser elements for valve-less micropump, Sensors Actuators A, 84, 165, 2000.
256. Ootao, Y., Kawamura, R., Tanigawa, Y. and Imamura, R., Optimization of material composition of nonhomogeneous hollow sphere for thermal stress relaxation making use of neural network, Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Eng., 180, 185–201, 1999a.
257. Ootao, Y., Tanigawa, Y. and Nakamura, Y., Optimization of material composition of FGM hollow circular cylinder under thermal loading: a neural network approach, Composites Part B, 30, 415, 1999b.
258. OpitGA: http://www.optiwater.com/optiga/.
259. Pan, L.S., Ng, T.Y., Liu, G.R. and Jiang, T.Y., Fluid-membrane coupling analysis ofr a valve-less micropump, Sensors Actuators A, 93, 172, 2001.
260. Pandey, A.K., Biswas, M. and Samman, M.M., Damage detection from changes in curvature mode shapes, J. Sound Vib., 145, 321, 1991.
261. Patton, A., Punch, W. and Goodman, E., A standard GA approach to native protein conformation prediction, Proceedings of 6th International Conference on Genetic Algorithms, Eshelman, L., Ed., 574, Morgan Kaufmann, Burlington, MA, 1995.
262. Pei, Y.T. and Hosson, J.T.M.DE., Functionally graded materials produced by laser cladding, Acta Mater., 48, 2617, 2000.
263. Petyt, M., Introduction to Finite Element Vibration Analysis, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1990.
264. Powell, M.J.D., An efficient method for finding the minimum of a function of several variables without calculating derivatives, Computer J., 7, 155, 1964.
265. Pradhan, S.C., Krishnamoorthy, C.S., Liu, G.R., Lam, K.Y., Wang, Z.Z., Ito, T. and Takamori, N., Engineering design optimization using genetic algorithm, HPC–Asia Conference, China, 2000.
266. Press, W.H., Flannery, B.P., Teukolsky, S.A. and Vetterling, W.T., Numerical Recipes: the Art of Scientific Computing (Fortran Version), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1989.
267. Priestley, M.B., Spectral Analysis and Time Series, vols. 1 and 2, Academic Press, New York, 1981.
268. Radcliffe, N. and Surry, P., Formal memetic algorithms, in Evolutionary Computing, Fogarty, T., Ed., Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1994, 1.
269. Rao, S.S., Engineering Optimization: Theory and Practice, 3rd ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 1996.
270. Reeves, C., Genetic algorithms and neighborhood search, in Evolutionary Computing, Fogarty, T., Ed., Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1994, 115.
271. Rhim, J. and Lee, S.W., Neural network approach for damage detection and identification of structures, Comput. Mech., 16, 437, 1995.
272. Riedmiller, M. and Braun, H., A direct adaptive method for faster backpropagation learning: the RPROP algorithm, Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Neural Networks, 1993, 586.
273. Rikards, R. and Chate, A., Identification of elastic properties of composites by method of planning of experiments, Composite Struct., 42, 257, 1998.
274. Rikards, R., Chate, A., Steinchen, W., Kessler, A. and Bledzki, A.K., Method of identification of elastic properties of laminates based on experiment design, Composite: Part B, 30, 279, 1999.
275. Rizos, P.F., Aspragathos, N. and Dimarogonas, A.D., Identification of crack location and magnitude in a cantilever beam from the vibration modes, J. Sound Vib., 138(3), 381, 1990.
276. Rizzi, S.A. and Doyle, J.F., Spectral analysis of wave motion in plane solids with boundaries, J. Vib. Acoust., 114, 133, 1992.
277. Rogers, J.L., Simulating structural analysis with neural network, J. Comput. Civ. Eng., 8, 252, 1994.
278. Rokhlin, S.I. and Wang, W., Double through-transmission bulk wave method for ultrasonic phase velocity measurement and determination of elastic constants of composite materials, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 91(6), 3303, 1992.
279. Rose, J.L., Huang, Y. and Tverdokhlebov, A., Surface waves for anisotropic material characterization: a computer aided evaluation system, in Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation, Thompson, D.O. and Chimenti, D.E., Eds., Plenum Press, New York, 1990, 1573.
280. Sachse, W. and Kim, K.Y., Point-source/point-receiver materials testing, in Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation, Thompson, D.O. and Chimenti, D.E., Eds., Plenum Press, New York, 1986, 311.
281. Salawu, O.S., Detection of structural damage through changes in frequency: a review, Eng. Struct., 19, 718, 1997.
282. Santamarina, J.C. and Fratta, D., Introduction to Discrete Signals and Inverse Problems in Civil Engineering, ACES Press, Reston, VA, 1998.
283. Santosa, F. and Pao, Y.H., Transient axially asymmetric response of an elastic plate, Wave Motion, 11, 271, 1989.
284. Sareni, B. and Krahenbuhl, L., Fitness sharing and niching methods revisited, IEEE Trans. Evol. Computation, 2(3), 97, 1998.
285. Sasaki, M., Wang, Y., Hirano, T. and Hirai, T., Design of SiC/C functionally gradient material and its propagation by chemical vapor deposition, J. Ceramic Soc. Jpn., 97(5), 539, 1989.
286. Scales, L.E., Introduction to Nonlinear Optimization, Macmilian, U.K., 1985.
287. Schnecke, V. and Vornberger, O., Hybrid genetic algorithms for constrained placement problems, IEEE Trans. Evol. Computation, 1(4), 266, 1997.
288. Schwartz, M.M., Joining of Composite-Matrix Materials, ASM International, Material Park, OH, 153, 1994.
289. Shakhnovich, E., Farztdinov, G., Gutin, A.M. and Karplus, M., Protein folding bottlenecks: a lattice Monte Carlo simulation, Phys. Rev. Lett., 67, 1665, 1991.
290. Shimoda, N., Kitaguchi, S., Saito, T., Takigawa, H. and Koga, M., Production of functionally gradient materials by applying low pressure plasma spray, Proc. 1st Int. Sym. Functionally Gradient Mater., Sendai, Japan, 151–156, October, 1990.
291. Shiota, I. and Miyamoto, Y., Functionally graded materials, Proceedings of 4th International Symposium on Functionally Graded Materials, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1997.
292. Silva, J.M.E.M. and Gomes, A.J.M., Experimental dynamic analysis of cracked free-free beams, Exp. Mech., 30(1), 20, 1990.
293. Simons, G. and Wang, H., Single Crystal Elastic Constants and Calculated Aggregate Properties: a Handbook, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1971.
294. Smith, C.J., Metal Reference Books, 5th ed., Butterworth & Co., London, 1976.
295. Soares, C.M.M., Defreitas, M.M., Araujo, A.L., and Pedersen, P., Identification of material properties of composite plate specimens, Composite Struct., 25, 277, 1993.
296. Sribar, R., Solutions of inverse problems in elastic wave propagation with artificial neural networks, dissertation, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 1994.
297. Stemme, E. and Stemme, G., A valve-less diffuser/nozzle based fluid pump, Sensors Actuators A, 39, 159, 1993.
298. Stoloff, N.S., An overview of power processing of silicides and their composites, Mater. Sci. Eng., A261, 169, 1999.
299. Strang, G. and Nguyen, T., Wavelets and Filter Banks, Wellesley-Cambridge Press, Wellesley, MA, 1996.
300. Sumpter, B.G. and Noid, D.W., On the design, analysis, and characterization of materials using computational neural networks, Annu. Rev. Sci., 26, 223, 1996.
301. Syswerda, G., Uniform crossover in genetic algorithms, in Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Genetic Algorithms, Schaffer, J., Ed., Morgan Kaufmann, Los Altos, 1989, 2.
302. Takahashi, K. and Chou, T.W., Non-linear deformation and failure behavior of car-bon/glass hybrid laminates, J. Composite Mater., 21, 396, 1987.
303. Takahashi, M., Itoh, Y. and Kashiwaya, H., Fabrications and evaluations of W/Cu gradient material by sintering and infiltration technique, Proc. 1st Int. Sym. Functionally Gradient Mater., Sendai, Japan, 1990, 129.
304. Takemura, M., Yoshitake, A., Haykawa, H., Hyakubu, T. and Tamura, M., Mechanical and thermal properties of FGM fabricated by thin sheet lamination method, Proc. 1st Int. Sym. Functionally Gradient Mater., Sendai, Japan, 1990, 97.
305. Tanaka, M. and Bui, H.D., Inverse Problems in Engineering Mechanics, Springer-Verlag Press, U.K., 1992.
306. Tao, J.S., Liu, G.R. and Lam, K.Y., Design optimization of marine-engine mounting systems, J. Sound Vib., 235, 477, 2000.
307. Tikhonov, A.N., Goncharsky, A.V. and Yagola, A.G., Numerical Methods for the Solution of Ill-Posed Problems, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 1990.
308. Topping, B.H.V. and Bahreininejad, A., Neural Computing for Structural Mechanics, Saxe-Coburg Publications, Edinburgh, 1997.
309. Tosaka, N., Onishi, K. and Yamamoto, M., Mathematical Approach and Solution Methods for Inverse Problems: Inverse Analysis of Partial Differential Equations, University of Tokyo Press, 1999.
310. Touloukian, Y.S., Thermophysical Properties of High Temperature Solid Materials, Macmillan, New York, 1967.
311. Tracy, J.J. and Pardoen, G.C., Effect of delamination on the natural frequencies of composite laminates, J. Composite Mater., 23, 1201, 1989.
312. Truffart, B., Jarny, Y. and Delaunay, D., A general optimization algorithm to solve 2-D boundary inverse heat conduction problems using finite elements, first conference in a series on inverse problems in engineering, Palm Coast, FL, 1993, 53.
313. Tsai, S.W. and Hahn, T.H., Introduction to Composite Materials, Technomic Publishing Co., Lancaster, PA, 1980.
314. Ullmann, A., The piezoelectric valve-less pump — performance enhancement analysis, Sensors Actuators A, 69, 97–105, 1998.
315. Unger, R. and Moult, J., Genetic algorithms for protein folding simulations, J. Mol. Biol., 231, 75, 1993.
316. Vinson, J.R. and Sierakowski, R.L., The Behavior of Structures Composed of Composite Materials, Martinus Nijhoff, Dordrecht, 1987.
317. Vogl, T.P., Mangis, J.K., Rigler, A.K., Zink, W.T. and Alkon, D.L., Accelerating the convergence of the back-propagation method, Biol. Cybern., 59, 257, 1988.
318. 3Al Characterization of Defect in Material, vol. 82, Siegar, R.V., Weetman, J.R., and Sinclair, R., Eds., Material Research Society, Pittsburgh, 1987, 175.
319. Voter, A.F., The embedded-atom method, in Intermetallic Compounds: Principles and Applications, Vol. 1, Westbrook, J.H. and Fleischer, R.L., Eds., John Wiley & Sons, New York, 77, 1994.
320. Waas, G., Linear two-dimensional analysis of soil dynamics problems in semi-infinite layer media, Ph.D. Thesis, University of California, Berkeley, 1972.
321. Walsh, G.R., Methods of Optimization, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1975.
322. Wang, J.T.S., Liu, Y.Y. and Gibby, J.A., Vibrations of split beams, J. Sound Vib., 84(4), 491–502, 1982.
323. Wang, Y.Y., Lam, K.Y., and Liu, G.R., Detection of flaws in sandwich plates, Composite Struct., 34, 409, 1996.
324. Wang, Y.Y., Lam, K.Y. and Liu, G.R., Wave scattering of the interior vertical crack in plates and the detection of the crack, Eng. Fracture Mech., 59, 1, 1998.
325. Warshel, A., Computer Modeling of Chemical Reactions in Enzymes and Solutions, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1991.
326. Watanabe, R. and Kawasaki, A., Overall view of the P/M fabrication of functionally gradient materials, Proc. 1st Int. Sym. Functionally Gradient Mater., Sendai, Japan, 1990, 107.
327. Watari, F., Yokoyama, A., Saso, F., Uo, M. and Kawasaki, T., Fabrication and properties of functionally graded dental implant, Composites Part B, 28, 5, 1997.
328. Weaver, R.L. and Pao, Y.H., Axisymmetric elastic waves excited by a point source in a plate, ASME J. Appl. Mech., 49, 821, 1982.
329. Whitley, D., Gordon, S. and Mathias, K., Lamarckian evolution, the Baldwin effect and function optimization, in Parallel Problem Solving from Nature: PPSN III, Davidor, Y., Schwefel, H.-P. and Manner, R., Eds., Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1994, 6.
330. Wilkowshi, G.M. and Maxey, W.A., ASTM STP 791, Amer. Soc. Testing Mater., II-266, 1983.
331. Wong, K.P. and Wong, Y.W., Hybrid genetic/simulated annealing approach to short-term multi-fuel-constrained generation scheduling, IEEE Trans. Power Syst., 12(2), 776, 1997.
332. Wright, A.H., Genetic algorithms for real parameter optimization, in Foundations of Genetic Algorithms, Rawlins, J.E., Ed., Morgan Kaufmann, San Mateo, 205, 1991.
333. Wu, E., Tsai, T.D. and Yen, C.S., Two methods for determining impact-force history on elastic plates, Exp. Mech., 35, 11, 1995.
334. Wu, T.Y. and Liu, G.R., The differential quadrature rule for initial-value differential equations, J. Sound Vib., 233, 195, 2000.
335. Wu, X., Ghaboussi, J. and Garrett, J.H., Use of neural networks in detection of structural damage, Comput. Struct., 42(4), 649, 1992.
336. Wu, Z.P., Liu, G.R. and Han, X., An inverse procedure for crack detection in anisotropic laminated plates using elastic waves, Eng. Comput., 18(2), 116, 2002.
337. Wycisk, W. and Teller-Kniepmeier, M., Quenching experiments in high purity Ni, J. Nucl. Material, 616, 79, 1978.
338. Xiao, F.C. and Yabe, H., Microwave image of perfectly conducting cylinders from real data by micro genetic algorithm coupled with deterministic method, IEICE Trans. Electron., E81-c(12), 1784, 1998.
339. Xu, Y.G., Research on the dynamic intelligent diagnosis and reliability evaluation for structures, Ph.D. dissertation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China, 1996.
340. Xu, Y.G. and Liu, G.R., Determination of material properties of multilayered thin films using elastic wave propagation approach, J. Micromech. Microeng., 12, 723, 2002a.
341. Xu, Y.G. and Liu, G.R., Fitting interatomic potential using molecular dynamics simulations and inter-generation projection genetic algorithm, J. Micromech. Microeng., 13, 254, 2003.
342. Xu, Y.G. and Liu, G.R., Parameter identification of dynamic flow-pressure characteristics in valve-less micropumps, 2002e, submitted.
343. Xu, Y.G., Liu, G.R. and Wu, Z.P., An accelerated genetic algorithms using Hooke-Jeeves method for local searching, in Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Structural Stability and Dynamics, Yang, Y.B., Leu, L.G. and Hsieh, S.H., Eds., Taiwan: College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, 2001a, 781.
344. Xu, Y.G., Liu, G.R., Wu, Z.P. and Huang, X.M., Adaptive multilayer perceptron networks for detection of cracks in anisotropic laminated plates, Int. J. Solids Struct., 38, 5625, 2001b.
345. Xu, Y.G., Liu, G.R. and Wu, Z.P., A novel hybrid genetic algorithm using local optimizer based on heuristic pattern move, Appl. Artif. Intelligence, 15(7), 601, 2001c.
346. Xu, Y.G., Liu, G.R. and Wu, Z.P., Damage detection for composite plates using Lamb waves and projection genetic algorithm, AIAA J., 40(9), 1860, 2002.
347. Yamada, T. and Nakano, R., A genetic algorithm applicable to large-scale job-shop problems, in Parallel Problem Solving from Nature: PPSN II, Manner, R. and Manderick, B., Eds., Elsevier Science Publisher, North-Holland, 1992, 281.
348. Yamaoka, H., Yuki, M., Tahara, K., Irisawa, T., Watanabe, R. and Kawasaki, A., Fabrication of functionally gradient material by slury stacking and sintering process, Ceramic Trans. Functionally Gradient Mater., 34, 165, 1993.
349. 2-Cu functionally gradient material by SHS process, Proc. 1st Int. Sym. Functionally Gradient Mater., Sendai, Japan, 1990, 179.
350. Yang, S.Y., Park, L.J., Park, C.H. and Ra, J.W., A hybrid algorithm using genetic algorithm and gradient-based algorithm for iterative microwave inverse scattering, in IEEE Int. Conf. Evol. Computation, 1995, 450.
351. Yang, Z.L., Liu, G.R. and Han, X., Protein structure prediction using lattice model and a modified micro genetic algorithm, ICMBE, Singapore, D3VB-1230, 2002a.
352. Yang, Z.L., Liu, G.R. and Lam, K.Y., An inverse procedure for crack detection using integral strain measured by optical fibers, Smart Mater. Struct., 11, 72, 2002b.
353. Yang, Z.L., Liu, G.R. and Lam, K.Y., A modified genetic algorithm with local and global search techniques, 3rd Int. Conf. Bioinformatics Genome Regul. Struct., (BGRS ‘2002), Novosibirsk, Russia, 2002c, 190.
354. Yang, Z.L., Liu, G.R., Xu, Y.G. and Lam, K.Y., A local optimized genetic algorithm and its application to inverse detection of delamination in laminates, Asia–Pacific Vibration Conference, Hangzhou, China, 2001, 1155.
355. Yeh, W.G., Review of parameter identification procedures in groundwater hydrology, Water Resour. Res., 22, 95, 1986.
356. Yen, C.S. and Wu, E., On the inverse problem of rectangular plates subjected to elastic impact, J. Appl. Mech., 62, 692, 1995.
357. Zgnoc, K. and Achenbach, J.D., A neural network for crack sizing trained by finite element calculations, NDT&E Int., 29(3), 147, 1996.
358. Zhao, J., Ivan, J.N. and DeWolf, J.T., Structural damage detection using artificial neural networks, J. Infrastruct. Syst., 4, 93, 1998.
359. Zhou, J.J., Inverse procedures and their applications in parameter identification for electronic system cooling, Master Thesis, National University of Singapore, 2001.
360. Zhu, J. and Lu, Z., A time domain method for identifying dynamic loads on continuous systems, J. Sound Vib., 148, 137, 1991.
361. Zienkiewicz, O.C. and Taylor, R.L., The Finite Element Method, 5th ed., McGraw-Hill, New York, 2000.