Brake reactions of distracted drivers to pedestrian Forward Collision Warning systems

Journal of Safety Research

Volumn 61, Issue , 2017, Pages 23-32

  Lubbe, Nils ^a  

^a Toyota Motor Europe NV/SA   (Belgium)

Author keywords

Driver behavior; FCW; Haptic; Head up display; Reaction time

Indexed keywords

ALARM SYSTEMS; AUTOMOBILE MANUFACTURE; HUMAN REACTION TIME; PEDESTRIAN SAFETY; REACTION RATES;

DRIVER BEHAVIOR; FORWARD COLLISION WARNING SYSTEM; FORWARD COLLISION WARNINGS; HAPTIC; HEAD UP DISPLAYS; PEDESTRIAN PROTECTION; RESPONSE CHARACTERISTIC; VEHICLE MANUFACTURERS;

BRAKES;

ADULT; AGED; COMPUTER SIMULATION; DISTRACTED DRIVING; FEMALE; HEART RATE; HUMAN; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PEDESTRIAN; PREVENTION AND CONTROL; PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT; REACTION TIME; STATISTICS AND NUMERICAL DATA; TRAFFIC ACCIDENT;

ACCIDENTS, TRAFFIC; ADULT; AGED; COMPUTER SIMULATION; DISTRACTED DRIVING; FEMALE; HEART RATE; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PEDESTRIANS; PROTECTIVE DEVICES; REACTION TIME;

EID: 85015692556     PISSN: 00224375     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2017.02.002     Document Type: Article

References (44)

1. ADAC, Comparative test of advanced emergency braking systems. Test report. 2011, Allgemeiner Deutscher Automobil-Club, Germany (Retrieved from: http://www.activetest.eu/pdf/adac_aebs_report_en.pdf).
2. Adachi, T., Yonekawa, T., Fuwamoto, Y., Ito, S., Iwazaki, K., Nagiri, S., Simulator motion sickness evaluation based on eye mark recording during Vestibulo-ocular reflex. Presented at SAE 2014 World Congress, Detroit, Michigan, USA, paper 2014-01-0441, 2014.
3. Adams, L.D., Review of the literature an obstacle avoidance maneuvers: braking versus steering. Report no. UMTRI-94-19. 1994, Transportation Research Inst., Univ. of Michigan.
4. Brown, T.L., Lee, J.D., McGehee, D.V., Human performance models and rear-end collision avoidance algorithms. Human Factors 43:3 (2001), 462–482.
5. Brown, S.B., Lee, S.E., Perez, M.A., Doerzaph, Z.R., Neale, V.L., Dingus, T.A., Effects of haptic brake pulse warnings on driver behavior during an intersection approach. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 49th Annual Meeting, 2005.
6. Campbell, J.L., Richard, C.M., Brown, J.L., McCallum, M., Crash warning system interfaces: Human factors insights and lessons learned. NHTSA final report no. HS 810 697. 2007.
7. Chrysler, S.T., Ahmad, O., Schwarz, C.W., Creating pedestrian crash scenarios in a driving simulator environment. Traffic Injury Prevention 16 (2015), S12–S17.
8. Chun, J., Han, S.H., Park, G., Seo, J., Choi, S., Evaluation of vibrotactile feedback for Forward Collision Warning on the steering wheel and seatbelt. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics 42:5 (2012), 443–448.
9. Euro NCAP, Assessment protocol — Pedestrian protection, version 8.1. Retrieved from: http://www.euroncap.com/, 2015.
10. Euro NCAP, Test protocol — AEB VRU systems, version 1.0.1. Retrieved from: http://www.euroncap.com/, 2015.
11. Euro NCAP, Test protocol — AEB systems, version 1.1. Retrieved from: http://www.euroncap.com/, 2015.
12. Forkenbrock, G., Snyder, A., Heitz, M., Hoover, R.L., O'Harra, B., Vasko, S., Smith, L., A test track protocol for assessing Forward Collision Warning driver–vehicle interface effectiveness. NHTSA final report no. HS 811 501. 2011.
13. Green, P., Sullivan, J., Tsimhoni, O., Oberholtzer, J., Buonarosa, M.L., Devonshire, J., Sayer, J., Integrated vehicle-based safety systems (IVBSS): Human factors and driver–vehicle interface (DVI). NHTSA summary report no. HS 810 905. 2008.
14. Habibovic, A., Tivesten, E., Uchida, N., Bärgman, J., Ljung Aust, M., Driver behavior in car-to-pedestrian incidents: an application of the driving reliability and error analysis method (DREAM). Accident Analysis and Prevention 50 (2013), 554–565.
15. Hayashi, H., Inomata, R., Fujishiro, R., Ouchi, Y., Suzuki, K., Nanami, T., Development of pre-crash safety system with pedestrian collision avoidance assist. Proceedings of Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV) conference, Seoul, South Korea, paper number 13-0271, 2013.
16. Helmer, T., Development of a methodology for the evaluation of active safety using the example of preventive pedestrian protection. 2014 (Dissertation TU Berlin). (available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.14279/depositonce-3973).
17. Hirst, S., Graham, R., The format and presentation of collision warnings. Ergonomics and safety of intelligent driver interfaces, 1997, 203–219.
18. Ho, C., Spence, C., The multisensory driver: Implications for ergonomic car interface design. 2008, Ashgate.
19. Ho, C., Spence, C., Tan, H., Warning signals go multisensory. Proceedings of the 11th Annual Conference on Human–Computer Interaction, 22–27, 2005.
20. Homma, R., Kikuchi, K., Wakasugi, T., Tasaka, T., Yoshida, S., Evaluation of forward-vehicle collision-avoidance systems — How drivers respond to warnings when a hazardous situation is not expected. Presented at 12th International Symposium on Advanced Vehicle Control, Tokyo, Japan, 2014.
21. IIHS, IIHS status report, 51(1), 2016.
22. ITARDA, Accidents resulting in pedestrian fatalities occur most frequently with vehicles proceeding straight ahead. ITARDA information no. 94. Retrieved from: http://www.itarda.or.jp/itardainfomation/english/info94_e.pdf, 2012.
23. Jenkins, D.P., Stanton, N.A., Walker, G.H., Yong, M.S., A new approach to designing lateral collision warning systems. International Journal of Vehicle Design 45 (2007), 379–396.
24. Kiefer, R., LeBlanc, D., Palmer, M., Salinger, J., Deering, R., Shulman, M., Development and validation of functional definitions and evaluation procedures for collision warning/avoidance systems. NHTSA final report HT 808 964. 1999.
25. Kolke, R., Gauss, C., Silvestro, D., Reduzierung von Unfällen durch Notbremssysteme bei Pkw. Presented at 8th ADAC/BASt-Symposium, Baden-Baden, Germany, 2012 (Retrieved from: http://www.adac.de/_mmm/pdf/fv_8adac_bast_symposium_kolke_149074.pdf).
26. Lachin, J.M., Biostatistical methods: The assessment of relative risk. 2nd ed., 2011, Wiley.
27. Lees, M.N., Lee, J.D., Enhancing safety by augmenting information acquisition in the driving environment. Castro, C., (eds.) Human factors of visual and cognitive performance in driving, 2008, Taylor & Francis (2008).
28. Lerner, N., Jenness, J., Robinson, E., Brown, T., Baldwin, C., Llaneras, R., Crash warning interface metrics: Final report. NHTSA final report no. HS 811 470a. 2011.
29. Ljung Aust, M., Effects of haptic versus visual modalities when combined with sound in Forward Collision Warning. Proceedings of driving simulation conference 2014, Paris, France, 2014.
30. Ljung Aust, M., Engström, J., Viström, M., Effects of Forward Collision Warning and repeated event exposure on emergency braking. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour 18 (2013), 34–46.
31. Lubbe, N., Davidsson, J., Drivers' comfort boundaries in pedestrian crossings: A study in driver braking characteristics as a function of pedestrian walking speed. Safety Science 75 (2015), 100–106.
32. Maag, C., Schneider, N., Lübbeke, T., Weisswange, T.H., Goerick, C., Car gestures — Advisory warning using additional steering wheel angles. Accident Analysis and Prevention 83 (2015), 143–153.
33. Matsui, Y., Han, Y., Mizuno, K., Performance of collision damage mitigation braking systems and their effects on human injury in the event of car-to-pedestrian accidents. Stapp Car Crash Journal 55 (2011), 461–478.
34. Mayer, C., Tsuchida, J., Ranovona, M., Chin, E., McCarthy, M., Gelau, C., Dukic, T., Experimental design for an evaluation of behavioural aspects. ASSESS report D3.1. 2011 (Retrieved from: http://www.assess-project.eu/downloadables/Public%20Deliverables/ASSESS%20D3.1-FINAL%20-%20Experimental%20Design-PUBLIC-2010.03.31.pdf).
35. McLaughlin, S.B., Hankey, J.M., Dingus, T.A., A method for evaluating collision avoidance systems using naturalistic driving data. Accident Analysis and Prevention 40 (2008), 8–16.
36. Mohebbi, R., Gray, R., Tan, H.Z., Driver reaction time to tactile and auditory rear-end collision warnings while talking on a cell phone. Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 51:1 (2009), 102–110.
37. Naujoks, F., Grattenthaler, H., Neukum, A., Zeitliche Gestaltung effektiver Fahrerinformationen zur Kollisionsvermeidung auf der Basis kooperativer Perzeption. Dietmayer, K., Bengler, K., Färber, B., Maurer, M., Stiller, C., Winner, H., (eds.) 8. Workshop Fahrerassistenzsysteme — FAS 2012 (S. 107–117), 2012.
38. Raudszus, D., Ranovona, M., Geronimi, S., Kunert, M., Schubert, E., Schaller, T., Report on driver and pedestrian reaction model. AsPeCSS report D2.4. 2013 (Retrieved from: http://www.aspecss-project.eu/userdata/file/Public%20deliverables/ASPECSS-D2.4-FINAL-Driver%20Model-2013-06-27.pdf).
39. Scott, J.J., Gray, R., Comparison of visual, auditory and tactile warnings for rear-end collision prevention in driving. Human Factors 50 (2008), 264–275.
40. Statistics Bureau, Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, Japan, Japan statistical yearbook 2016. 2016 (Retrieved from: http://www.stat.go.jp/english/data/nenkan/index.htm).
41. Straughn, S.M., Gray, R., Tan, H.Z., To go or not to go: Stimulus–response compatibility for tactile and auditory pedestrian collision warnings. IEEE Transactions on Haptics 2:2 (2009), 111–117.
42. Wege, C., Will, S., Victor, T., Eye movement and brake reactions to real-world brake-capacity Forward Collision Warning — a naturalistic driving study. Accident Analysis and Prevention 58 (2013), 259–270.
43. Wisch, M., Pastor, C., Zander, O., Lorenz, B., Reasons why passive pedestrian protection remains an issue for the future. Presented at: Crash.Tech conference 2012, Munich, Germany, 2012.
44. Yanagisawa, M., Swanson, E., Najm, W.G., Target crashes and safety benefits estimation methodology for pedestrian crash avoidance/mitigation systems. Report no. DOT HS 811 998. 2014.