Excess Cardiovascular Risk in Women Relative to Men Referred for Coronary Angiography Is Associated with Severely Impaired Coronary Flow Reserve, Not Obstructive Disease

Circulation

Volumn 135, Issue 6, 2017, Pages 566-577

  Taqueti, Viviany R ^a   Shaw, Leslee J ^a,b   Cook, Nancy R ^a,c   Murthy, Venkatesh L ^d   Shah, Nishant R ^a   Foster, Courtney R ^a   Hainer, Jon ^a   Blankstein, Ron ^a   Dorbala, Sharmila ^a   Di Carli, Marcelo F ^a  

^a Division of Cardiovascular Medicine   (United States)

^b EMORY UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^c BRIGHAM AND WOMEN S HOSPITAL   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN   (United States)

Author keywords

coronary angiography; coronary flow reserve; myocardial ischemia; positron emission tomography; women

Indexed keywords

INSULIN;

ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; BODY MASS; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; CORONARY ANGIOGRAPHY; CORONARY ARTERY BLOOD FLOW; CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE; CORONARY FLOW RESERVE; DIABETES MELLITUS; DISEASE SEVERITY; EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; EVENT FREE SURVIVAL; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; HEART FAILURE; HEART INFARCTION; HEART LEFT VENTRICLE EJECTION FRACTION; HEART MUSCLE PERFUSION; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SCINTIGRAPHY; SURVIVAL RATE; MIDDLE AGED; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PROCEDURES; RISK FACTOR;

AGED; CORONARY ANGIOGRAPHY; CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; POSITRON-EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; RISK FACTORS;

EID: 85007426096     PISSN: 00097322     EISSN: 15244539     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.023266     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. Mozaffarian D, Benjamin EJ, Go AS, Arnett DK, Blaha MJ, Cushman M, de Ferranti S, Després JP, Fullerton HJ, Howard VJ, Huffman MD, Judd SE, Kissela BM, Lackland DT, Lichtman JH, Lisabeth LD, Liu S, Mackey RH, Matchar DB, McGuire DK, Mohler ER 3rd, Moy CS, Muntner P, Mussolino ME, Nasir K, Neumar RW, Nichol G, Palaniappan L, Pandey DK, Reeves MJ, Rodriguez CJ, Sorlie PD, Stein J, Towfighi A, Turan TN, Virani SS, Willey JZ, Woo D, Yeh RW, Turner MB, American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee Heart disease and stroke statistics-2015 update: A report from the American Heart Association. Circulation 2015 131 e29 322. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000152.
2. Shaw LJ, Bairey Merz CN, Pepine CJ, Reis SE, Bittner V, Kelsey SF, Olson M, Johnson BD, Mankad S, Sharaf BL, Rogers WJ, Wessel TR, Arant CB, Pohost GM, Lerman A, Quyyumi AA, Sopko G, WISE Investigators Insights from the NHLBI-Sponsored Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE) Study: Part I: gender differences in traditional and novel risk factors, symptom evaluation, and gender-optimized diagnostic strategies. J Am Coll Cardiol 2006 47 3 suppl S4 S20. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2005.01.072.
3. Smilowitz NR, Sampson BA, Abrecht CR, Siegfried JS, Hochman JS, Reynolds HR, Women have less severe and extensive coronary atherosclerosis in fatal cases of ischemic heart disease: An autopsy study. Am Heart J 2011 161 681 688. doi: 10.1016/j.ahj.2010.12.022.
4. Shaw LJ, Bugiardini R, Merz CN, Women and ischemic heart disease: evolving knowledge. J Am Coll Cardiol 2009 54 1561 1575. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2009.04.098.
5. Bairey Merz CN, Sex, death, and the diagnosis gap. Circulation 2014 130 740 742. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.011800.
6. Pepine CJ, Ferdinand KC, Shaw LJ, Light-McGroary KA, Shah RU, Gulati M, Duvernoy C, Walsh MN, Bairey Merz CN, ACC CVD in Women Committee Emergence of nonobstructive coronary artery disease: A woman's problem and need for change in definition on angiography. J Am Coll Cardiol 2015 66 1918 1933. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2015.08.876.
7. Merz CN, Olson MB, McClure C, Yang YC, Symons J, Sopko G, Kelsey SF, Handberg E, Johnson BD, Cooper-DeHoff RM, Sharaf B, Rogers WJ, Pepine CJ, A randomized controlled trial of low-dose hormone therapy on myocardial ischemia in postmenopausal women with no obstructive coronary artery disease: results from the National Institutes of Health/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute-sponsored Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE). Am Heart J 2010 159 987.e1 987.e7. doi: 10.1016/j.ahj.2010.03.024.
8. von Mering GO, Arant CB, Wessel TR, McGorray SP, Bairey Merz CN, Sharaf BL, Smith KM, Olson MB, Johnson BD, Sopko G, Handberg E, Pepine CJ, Kerensky RA, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Abnormal coronary vasomotion as a prognostic indicator of cardiovascular events in women: results from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute-Sponsored Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE). Circulation 2004 109 722 725. doi: 10.1161/01.CIR.0000115525.92645.16.
9. Burke AP, Farb A, Malcom GT, Liang Y, Smialek J, Virmani R, Effect of risk factors on the mechanism of acute thrombosis and sudden coronary death in women. Circulation 1998 97 2110 2116
10. Fukushima K, Javadi MS, Higuchi T, Lautamäki R, Merrill J, Nekolla SG, Bengel FM, Prediction of short-Term cardiovascular events using quantification of global myocardial flow reserve in patients referred for clinical 82Rb PET perfusion imaging. J Nucl Med 2011 52 726 732. doi: 10.2967/jnumed.110.081828.
11. Herzog BA, Husmann L, Valenta I, Gaemperli O, Siegrist PT, Tay FM, Burkhard N, Wyss CA, Kaufmann PA, Long-Term prognostic value of 13N-Ammonia myocardial perfusion positron emission tomography added value of coronary flow reserve. J Am Coll Cardiol 2009 54 150 156. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2009.02.069.
12. Murthy VL, Naya M, Foster CR, Gaber M, Hainer J, Klein J, Dorbala S, Blankstein R, Di Carli MF, Association between coronary vascular dysfunction and cardiac mortality in patients with and without diabetes mellitus. Circulation 2012 126 1858 1868. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.112.120402.
13. Murthy VL, Naya M, Foster CR, Hainer J, Gaber M, Di Carli G, Blankstein R, Dorbala S, Sitek A, Pencina MJ, Di Carli MF, Improved cardiac risk assessment with noninvasive measures of coronary flow reserve. Circulation 2011 124 2215 2224. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.050427.
14. Ziadi MC, Dekemp RA, Williams KA, Guo A, Chow BJ, Renaud JM, Ruddy TD, Sarveswaran N, Tee RE, Beanlands RS, Impaired myocardial flow reserve on rubidium-82 positron emission tomography imaging predicts adverse outcomes in patients assessed for myocardial ischemia. J Am Coll Cardiol 2011 58 740 748. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2011.01.065.
15. Taqueti VR, Hachamovitch R, Murthy VL, Naya M, Foster CR, Hainer J, Dorbala S, Blankstein R, Di Carli MF, Global coronary flow reserve is associated with adverse cardiovascular events independently of luminal angiographic severity and modifies the effect of early revascularization. Circulation 2015 131 19 27. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.011939.
16. Pryor DB, Shaw L, McCants CB, Lee KL, Mark DB, Harrell FE Jr, Muhlbaier LH, Califf RM, Value of the history and physical in identifying patients at increased risk for coronary artery disease. Ann Intern Med 1993 118 81 90
17. El Fakhri G, Kardan A, Sitek A, Dorbala S, Abi-Hatem N, Lahoud Y, Fischman A, Coughlan M, Yasuda T, Di Carli MF, Reproducibility and accuracy of quantitative myocardial blood flow assessment with (82)Rb PET: comparison with (13)N-Ammonia PET. J Nucl Med 2009 50 1062 1071. doi: 10.2967/jnumed.104.007831.
18. Cerqueira MD, Weissman NJ, Dilsizian V, Jacobs AK, Kaul S, Laskey WK, Pennell DJ, Rumberger JA, Ryan T, Verani MS, American Heart Association Writing Group on Myocardial Segmentation and Registration for Cardiac Imaging Standardized myocardial segmentation and nomenclature for tomographic imaging of the heart. A statement for healthcare professionals from the Cardiac Imaging Committee of the Council on Clinical Cardiology of the American Heart Association. Circulation 2002 105 539 542
19. Hachamovitch R, Hayes SW, Friedman JD, Cohen I, Berman DS, Comparison of the short-Term survival benefit associated with revascularization compared with medical therapy in patients with no prior coronary artery disease undergoing stress myocardial perfusion single photon emission computed tomography. Circulation 2003 107 2900 2907. doi: 10.1161/01.CIR.0000072790.23090.41.
20. Mark DB, Nelson CL, Califf RM, Harrell FE Jr, Lee KL, Jones RH, Fortin DF, Stack RS, Glower DD, Smith LR, Continuing evolution of therapy for coronary artery disease. Initial results from the era of coronary angioplasty. Circulation 1994 89 2015 2025
21. Braunwald E, The war against heart failure: The Lancet lecture. Lancet 2015 385 812 824. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61889-4.
22. Gould KL, Johnson NP, Bateman TM, Beanlands RS, Bengel FM, Bober R, Camici PG, Cerqueira MD, Chow BJ, Di Carli MF, Dorbala S, Gewirtz H, Gropler RJ, Kaufmann PA, Knaapen P, Knuuti J, Merhige ME, Rentrop KP, Ruddy TD, Schelbert HR, Schindler TH, Schwaiger M, Sdringola S, Vitarello J, Williams KA Sr, Gordon D, Dilsizian V, Narula J, Anatomic versus physiologic assessment of coronary artery disease. Role of coronary flow reserve, fractional flow reserve, and positron emission tomography imaging in revascularization decision-making. J Am Coll Cardiol 2013 62 1639 1653. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2013.07.076.
23. Valeri L, VanderWeele TJ, SAS macro for causal mediation analysis with survival data. Epidemiology 2015 26 e23 e24. doi: 10.1097/EDE.0000000000000253.
24. Regitz-Zagrosek V, Oertelt-Prigione S, Prescott E, Franconi F, Gerdts E, Foryst-Ludwig A, Maas AH, Kautzky-Willer A, Knappe-Wegner D, Kintscher U, Ladwig KH, Schenck-Gustafsson K, Stangl V, EUGenMed Cardiovascular Clinical Study Group Gender in cardiovascular diseases: impact on clinical manifestations, management, and outcomes. Eur Heart J 2016 37 24 34. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehv598.
25. Li S, Fonarow GC, Mukamal KJ, Liang L, Schulte PJ, Smith EE, DeVore A, Hernandez AF, Peterson ED, Bhatt DL, Sex and race/ethnicity-related disparities in care and outcomes after hospitalization for coronary artery disease among older adults. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes 2016 9 S36 44
26. Lee BK, Lim HS, Fearon WF, Yong AS, Yamada R, Tanaka S, Lee DP, Yeung AC, Tremmel JA, Invasive evaluation of patients with angina in the absence of obstructive coronary artery disease. Circulation 2015 131 1054 1060. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.012636.
27. Chow BJ, Small G, Yam Y, Chen L, McPherson R, Achenbach S, Al-Mallah M, Berman DS, Budoff MJ, Cademartiri F, Callister TQ, Chang HJ, Cheng VY, Chinnaiyan K, Cury R, Delago A, Dunning A, Feuchtner G, Hadamitzky M, Hausleiter J, Karlsberg RP, Kaufmann PA, Kim YJ, Leipsic J, LaBounty T, Lin F, Maffei E, Raff GL, Shaw LJ, Villines TC, Min JK, CONFIRM Investigators Prognostic and therapeutic implications of statin and aspirin therapy in individuals with nonobstructive coronary artery disease: results from the CONFIRM (COronary CT Angiography EvaluatioN For Clinical Outcomes: An InteRnational Multicenter registry) registry. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2015 35 981 989. doi: 10.1161/ATVBAHA.114.304351.
28. Bittencourt MS, Hulten E, Ghoshhajra B, O'Leary D, Christman MP, Montana P, Truong QA, Steigner M, Murthy VL, Rybicki FJ, Nasir K, Gowdak LH, Hainer J, Brady TJ, Di Carli MF, Hoffmann U, Abbara S, Blankstein R, Prognostic value of nonobstructive and obstructive coronary artery disease detected by coronary computed tomography angiography to identify cardiovascular events. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2014 7 282 291. doi: 10.1161/CIRCIMAGING.113.001047.
29. Murthy VL, Naya M, Taqueti VR, Foster CR, Gaber M, Hainer J, Dorbala S, Blankstein R, Rimoldi O, Camici PG, Di Carli MF, Effects of sex on coronary microvascular dysfunction and cardiac outcomes. Circulation 2014 129 2518 2527. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.008507.
30. Regensteiner JG, Golden S, Huebschmann AG, Barrett-Connor E, Chang AY, Chyun D, Fox CS, Kim C, Mehta N, Reckelhoff JF, Reusch JE, Rexrode KM, Sumner AE, Welty FK, Wenger NK, Anton B, American Heart Association Diabetes Committee of the Council on Lifestyle and Cardiometabolic Health, Council on Epidemiology and Prevention, Council on Functional Genomics and Translational Biology, and Council on Hypertension Sex differences in the cardiovascular consequences of diabetes mellitus: A scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation 2015 132 2424 2447. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000343.
31. Gulati M, Cooper-DeHoff RM, McClure C, Johnson BD, Shaw LJ, Handberg EM, Zineh I, Kelsey SF, Arnsdorf MF, Black HR, Pepine CJ, Merz CN, Adverse cardiovascular outcomes in women with nonobstructive coronary artery disease: A report from the Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation Study and the St James Women Take Heart Project. Arch Intern Med 2009 169 843 850. doi: 10.1001/archinternmed.2009.50.
32. Scantlebury DC, Borlaug BA, Why are women more likely than men to develop heart failure with preserved ejection fraction? Curr Opin Cardiol 2011 26 562 568. doi: 10.1097/HCO.0b013e32834b7faf.
33. Pedrotty DM, Jessup M, "Frailty, thy name is woman": syndrome of women with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes 2015 8 2 Suppl 1 S48 S51. doi: 10.1161/CIRCOUTCOMES.115.001700.
34. Recio-Mayoral A, Rimoldi OE, Camici PG, Kaski JC, Inflammation and microvascular dysfunction in cardiac syndrome X patients without conventional risk factors for coronary artery disease. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2013 6 660 667. doi: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2012.12.011.
35. Di Carli MF, Bianco-Batlles D, Landa ME, Kazmers A, Groehn H, Muzik O, Grunberger G, Effects of autonomic neuropathy on coronary blood flow in patients with diabetes mellitus. Circulation 1999 100 813 819
36. Taqueti VR, Everett BM, Murthy VL, Gaber M, Foster CR, Hainer J, Blankstein R, Dorbala S, Di Carli MF, Interaction of impaired coronary flow reserve and cardiomyocyte injury on adverse cardiovascular outcomes in patients without overt coronary artery disease. Circulation 2015 131 528 535. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.009716.
37. Paulus WJ, Tschöpe C, A novel paradigm for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: comorbidities drive myocardial dysfunction and remodeling through coronary microvascular endothelial inflammation. J Am Coll Cardiol 2013 62 263 271. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2013.02.092.
38. The bypass angioplasty revascularization investigation (bari) investigators Comparison of coronary bypass surgery with angioplasty in patients with multivessel disease. N Engl J Med 1996 335 217 225
39. Farkouh ME, Domanski M, Sleeper LA, Siami FS, Dangas G, Mack M, Yang M, Cohen DJ, Rosenberg Y, Solomon SD, Desai AS, Gersh BJ, Magnuson EA, Lansky A, Boineau R, Weinberger J, Ramanathan K, Sousa JE, Rankin J, Bhargava B, Buse J, Hueb W, Smith CR, Muratov V, Bansilal S, King S 3rd, Bertrand M, Fuster V, FREEDOM Trial Investigators Strategies for multivessel revascularization in patients with diabetes. N Engl J Med 2012 367 2375 2384. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1211585.
40. Frye RL, August P, Brooks MM, Hardison RM, Kelsey SF, MacGregor JM, Orchard TJ, Chaitman BR, Genuth SM, Goldberg SH, Hlatky MA, Jones TL, Molitch ME, Nesto RW, Sako EY, Sobel BE, A randomized trial of therapies for type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease. N Engl J Med 2009 360 2503 2515
41. Serruys PW, Morice MC, Kappetein AP, Colombo A, Holmes DR, Mack MJ, Ståhle E, Feldman TE, van den Brand M, Bass EJ, Van Dyck N, Leadley K, Dawkins KD, Mohr FW, SYNTAX Investigators Percutaneous coronary intervention versus coronary-Artery bypass grafting for severe coronary artery disease. N Engl J Med 2009 360 961 972. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa0804626.
42. Ridker PM, Thuren T, Zalewski A, Libby P, Interleukin-1β inhibition and the prevention of recurrent cardiovascular events: rationale and design of the Canakinumab Anti-inflammatory Thrombosis Outcomes Study (CANTOS). Am Heart J 2011 162 597 605. doi: 10.1016/j.ahj.2011.06.012.
43. Everett BM, Pradhan AD, Solomon DH, Paynter N, Macfadyen J, Zaharris E, Gupta M, Clearfield M, Libby P, Hasan AA, Glynn RJ, Ridker PM, Rationale and design of the Cardiovascular Inflammation Reduction Trial: A test of the inflammatory hypothesis of atherothrombosis. Am Heart J 2013 166 199 207.e15. doi: 10.1016/j.ahj.2013.03.018.
44. Robinson JG, Farnier M, Krempf M, Bergeron J, Luc G, Averna M, Stroes ES, Langslet G, Raal FJ, El Shahawy M, Koren MJ, Lepor NE, Lorenzato C, Pordy R, Chaudhari U, Kastelein JJ, ODYSSEY LONG TERM Investigators Efficacy and safety of alirocumab in reducing lipids and cardiovascular events. N Engl J Med 2015 372 1489 1499. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1501031.
45. Sabatine MS, Morrow DA, de Lemos JA, Omland T, Sloan S, Jarolim P, Solomon SD, Pfeffer MA, Braunwald E, Evaluation of multiple biomarkers of cardiovascular stress for risk prediction and guiding medical therapy in patients with stable coronary disease. Circulation 2012 125 233 240. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.063842.
46. McMurray JJ, Packer M, Desai AS, Gong J, Lefkowitz MP, Rizkala AR, Rouleau JL, Shi VC, Solomon SD, Swedberg K, Zile MR, PARADIGM-HF Investigators and Committees Angiotensin-neprilysin inhibition versus enalapril in heart failure. N Engl J Med 2014 371 993 1004. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1409077.
47. Zinman B, Wanner C, Lachin JM, Fitchett D, Bluhmki E, Hantel S, Mattheus M, Devins T, Johansen OE, Woerle HJ, Broedl UC, Inzucchi SE, EMPA-REG OUTCOME Investigators Empagliflozin, cardiovascular outcomes, and mortality in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2015 373 2117 2128. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1504720.