메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 66, Issue 17, 2015, Pages 1918-1933

Emergence of Nonobstructive Coronary Artery Disease: A Woman's Problem and Need for Change in Definition on Angiography

Author keywords

adverse outcomes; ischemia; sex specific pathophysiology

Indexed keywords

ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENT;

EID: 84945935360     PISSN: 07351097     EISSN: 15583597     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2015.08.876     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (260)

References (110)
  • 1
    • 82755165684 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stable angina pectoris with no obstructive coronary artery disease is associated with increased risks of major adverse cardiovascular events
    • L. Jespersen, A. Hvelplund, S.Z. Abildstrøm, and et al. Stable angina pectoris with no obstructive coronary artery disease is associated with increased risks of major adverse cardiovascular events Eur Heart J 33 2012 734 744
    • (2012) Eur Heart J , vol.33 , pp. 734-744
    • Jespersen, L.1    Hvelplund, A.2    Abildstrøm, S.Z.3
  • 2
    • 84896919387 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prognostic value of nonobstructive and obstructive coronary artery disease detected by coronary computed tomography angiography to identify cardiovascular events
    • M.S. Bittencourt, E. Hulten, B. Ghoshhajra, and et al. Prognostic value of nonobstructive and obstructive coronary artery disease detected by coronary computed tomography angiography to identify cardiovascular events Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 7 2014 282 291
    • (2014) Circ Cardiovasc Imaging , vol.7 , pp. 282-291
    • Bittencourt, M.S.1    Hulten, E.2    Ghoshhajra, B.3
  • 3
    • 79952790985 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synergy between PCI with Taxus and Cardiac Surgery (SYNTAX) Investigators. Quality of life after PCI with drug-eluting stents or coronary-artery bypass surgery
    • D.J. Cohen, B. Van Hout, P.W. Serruys, and et al. Synergy between PCI with Taxus and Cardiac Surgery (SYNTAX) Investigators. Quality of life after PCI with drug-eluting stents or coronary-artery bypass surgery N Engl J Med 364 2011 1016 1026
    • (2011) N Engl J Med , vol.364 , pp. 1016-1026
    • Cohen, D.J.1    Van Hout, B.2    Serruys, P.W.3
  • 4
    • 0035849152 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of coronary-artery bypass surgery and stenting for the treatment of multivessel disease
    • P.W. Serruys, F. Unger, J.E. Sousa, et al. for the Arterial Revascularization Therapies Study Group Comparison of coronary-artery bypass surgery and stenting for the treatment of multivessel disease N Engl J Med 344 2001 1117 1124
    • (2001) N Engl J Med , vol.344 , pp. 1117-1124
    • Serruys, P.W.1    Unger, F.2    Sousa, J.E.3
  • 5
    • 0015452623 scopus 로고
    • Uses and limitations of stress testing in the evaluation of ischemic heart disease
    • D.R. Redwood, and S.E. Epstein Uses and limitations of stress testing in the evaluation of ischemic heart disease Circulation 46 1972 1115 1131
    • (1972) Circulation , vol.46 , pp. 1115-1131
    • Redwood, D.R.1    Epstein, S.E.2
  • 6
    • 0014200032 scopus 로고
    • Paradox of normal selective coronary arteriograms in patients considered to have unmistakable coronary heart disease
    • W. Likoff, B.L. Segal, and H. Kasparian Paradox of normal selective coronary arteriograms in patients considered to have unmistakable coronary heart disease N Engl J Med 276 1967 1063 1066
    • (1967) N Engl J Med , vol.276 , pp. 1063-1066
    • Likoff, W.1    Segal, B.L.2    Kasparian, H.3
  • 7
    • 0027291898 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of regional myocardial blood flow in syndrome X and one-vessel coronary artery disease
    • A.R. Galassi, F. Crea, L.I. Araujo, and et al. Comparison of regional myocardial blood flow in syndrome X and one-vessel coronary artery disease Am J Cardiol 72 1993 134 139
    • (1993) Am J Cardiol , vol.72 , pp. 134-139
    • Galassi, A.R.1    Crea, F.2    Araujo, L.I.3
  • 8
    • 0037142007 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Abnormal subendocardial perfusion in cardiac syndrome X detected by cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging
    • J.R. Panting, P.D. Gatehouse, G.Z. Yang, and et al. Abnormal subendocardial perfusion in cardiac syndrome X detected by cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging N Engl J Med 346 2002 1948 1953
    • (2002) N Engl J Med , vol.346 , pp. 1948-1953
    • Panting, J.R.1    Gatehouse, P.D.2    Yang, G.Z.3
  • 9
    • 0015540016 scopus 로고
    • Long-term observations in patients with angina and normal coronary arteriograms
    • C.R. Bemiller, C.J. Pepine, and A.K. Rogers Long-term observations in patients with angina and normal coronary arteriograms Circulation 47 1973 36 43
    • (1973) Circulation , vol.47 , pp. 36-43
    • Bemiller, C.R.1    Pepine, C.J.2    Rogers, A.K.3
  • 10
    • 0034704729 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Abnormal myocardial phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in women with chest pain but normal coronary angiograms
    • S.D. Buchthal, J.A. den Hollander, C.N. Merz, and et al. Abnormal myocardial phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in women with chest pain but normal coronary angiograms N Engl J Med 342 2000 829 835
    • (2000) N Engl J Med , vol.342 , pp. 829-835
    • Buchthal, S.D.1    Den Hollander, J.A.2    Merz, C.N.3
  • 11
    • 3042517271 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prognosis in women with myocardial ischemia in the absence of obstructive coronary disease: results from the National Institutes of Health-National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute-Sponsored Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE)
    • B.D. Johnson, L.J. Shaw, S.D. Buchthal, and et al. Prognosis in women with myocardial ischemia in the absence of obstructive coronary disease: results from the National Institutes of Health-National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute-Sponsored Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE) Circulation 109 2004 2993 2999
    • (2004) Circulation , vol.109 , pp. 2993-2999
    • Johnson, B.D.1    Shaw, L.J.2    Buchthal, S.D.3
  • 12
    • 84910094418 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sex-based prognostic implications of nonobstructive coronary artery disease: results from the international multicenter CONFIRM study
    • J. Leipsic, C.M. Taylor, H. Gransar, and et al. Sex-based prognostic implications of nonobstructive coronary artery disease: results from the international multicenter CONFIRM study Radiology 273 2014 393 400
    • (2014) Radiology , vol.273 , pp. 393-400
    • Leipsic, J.1    Taylor, C.M.2    Gransar, H.3
  • 13
    • 79960605323 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mortality risk in symptomatic patients with nonobstructive coronary artery disease: a prospective 2-center study of 2,583 patients undergoing 64-detector row coronary computed tomographic angiography
    • F.Y. Lin, L.J. Shaw, A.M. Dunning, and et al. Mortality risk in symptomatic patients with nonobstructive coronary artery disease: a prospective 2-center study of 2,583 patients undergoing 64-detector row coronary computed tomographic angiography J Am Coll Cardiol 58 2011 510 519
    • (2011) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.58 , pp. 510-519
    • Lin, F.Y.1    Shaw, L.J.2    Dunning, A.M.3
  • 14
    • 80051649363 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age- and sex-related differences in all-cause mortality risk based on coronary computed tomography angiography findings results from the International Multicenter CONFIRM (Coronary CT Angiography Evaluation for Clinical Outcomes: An International Multicenter Registry) of 23,854 patients without known coronary artery disease
    • J.K. Min, A. Dunning, F.Y. Lin, et al. for the CONFIRM Investigators Age- and sex-related differences in all-cause mortality risk based on coronary computed tomography angiography findings results from the International Multicenter CONFIRM (Coronary CT Angiography Evaluation for Clinical Outcomes: An International Multicenter Registry) of 23,854 patients without known coronary artery disease J Am Coll Cardiol 58 2011 849 860
    • (2011) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.58 , pp. 849-860
    • Min, J.K.1    Dunning, A.2    Lin, F.Y.3
  • 15
    • 84901651436 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prognostic significance of calcified plaque among symptomatic patients with nonobstructive coronary artery disease
    • S. Shah, N. Bellam, J. Leipsic, et al. for the CONFIRM (COronary CT Angiography EvaluatioN For Clinical Outcomes: An InteRnational Multicenter Registry) Investigators Prognostic significance of calcified plaque among symptomatic patients with nonobstructive coronary artery disease J Nucl Cardiol 21 2014 453 466
    • (2014) J Nucl Cardiol , vol.21 , pp. 453-466
    • Shah, S.1    Bellam, N.2    Leipsic, J.3
  • 16
    • 84965083734 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characteristics and outcomes of women veterans undergoing cardiac catheterization in the Veterans Affairs Healthcare System: insights from the VA CART Program
    • M.B. Davis, T.M. Maddox, P. Langner, and et al. Characteristics and outcomes of women veterans undergoing cardiac catheterization in the Veterans Affairs Healthcare System: insights from the VA CART Program Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes 8 2015 S39 S47
    • (2015) Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes , vol.8 , pp. S39-S47
    • Davis, M.B.1    Maddox, T.M.2    Langner, P.3
  • 17
    • 78651381292 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prognostic value of global MR myocardial perfusion imaging in women with suspected myocardial ischemia and no obstructive coronary disease: results from the NHLBI-sponsored WISE (Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation) study
    • M. Doyle, N. Weinberg, G.M. Pohost, and et al. Prognostic value of global MR myocardial perfusion imaging in women with suspected myocardial ischemia and no obstructive coronary disease: results from the NHLBI-sponsored WISE (Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation) study J Am Coll Cardiol Img 3 2010 1030 1036
    • (2010) J Am Coll Cardiol Img , vol.3 , pp. 1030-1036
    • Doyle, M.1    Weinberg, N.2    Pohost, G.M.3
  • 18
    • 66149137213 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adverse cardiovascular outcomes in women with nonobstructive coronary artery disease: a report from the Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation Study and the St James Women Take Heart Project
    • M. Gulati, R.M. Cooper-DeHoff, C. McClure, and et al. Adverse cardiovascular outcomes in women with nonobstructive coronary artery disease: a report from the Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation Study and the St James Women Take Heart Project Arch Intern Med 169 2009 843 850
    • (2009) Arch Intern Med , vol.169 , pp. 843-850
    • Gulati, M.1    Cooper-DeHoff, R.M.2    McClure, C.3
  • 19
    • 84929310622 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Invasive evaluation of patients with angina in the absence of obstructive coronary artery disease
    • B.K. Lee, H.S. Lim, W.F. Fearon, and et al. Invasive evaluation of patients with angina in the absence of obstructive coronary artery disease Circulation 131 2015 1054 1060
    • (2015) Circulation , vol.131 , pp. 1054-1060
    • Lee, B.K.1    Lim, H.S.2    Fearon, W.F.3
  • 20
    • 84902478016 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of sex on coronary microvascular dysfunction and cardiac outcomes
    • V.L. Murthy, M. Naya, V.R. Taqueti, and et al. Effects of sex on coronary microvascular dysfunction and cardiac outcomes Circulation 129 2014 2518 2527
    • (2014) Circulation , vol.129 , pp. 2518-2527
    • Murthy, V.L.1    Naya, M.2    Taqueti, V.R.3
  • 21
    • 79959387408 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prognostic value of cardiac hybrid imaging integrating single-photon emission computed tomography with coronary computed tomography angiography
    • A.P. Pazhenkottil, R.N. Nkoulou, J.R. Ghadri, and et al. Prognostic value of cardiac hybrid imaging integrating single-photon emission computed tomography with coronary computed tomography angiography Eur Heart J 32 2011 1465 1471
    • (2011) Eur Heart J , vol.32 , pp. 1465-1471
    • Pazhenkottil, A.P.1    Nkoulou, R.N.2    Ghadri, J.R.3
  • 22
    • 84879788719 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sex differences in clinical outcomes in patients with stable angina and no obstructive coronary artery disease
    • T.L. Sedlak, M. Lee, M. Izadnegahdar, and et al. Sex differences in clinical outcomes in patients with stable angina and no obstructive coronary artery disease Am Heart J 166 2013 38 44
    • (2013) Am Heart J , vol.166 , pp. 38-44
    • Sedlak, T.L.1    Lee, M.2    Izadnegahdar, M.3
  • 23
    • 84879784497 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adverse outcomes among women presenting with signs and symptoms of ischemia and no obstructive coronary artery disease: findings from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute-sponsored Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE) angiographic core laboratory
    • B. Sharaf, T. Wood, L. Shaw, and et al. Adverse outcomes among women presenting with signs and symptoms of ischemia and no obstructive coronary artery disease: findings from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute-sponsored Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE) angiographic core laboratory Am Heart J 166 2013 134 141
    • (2013) Am Heart J , vol.166 , pp. 134-141
    • Sharaf, B.1    Wood, T.2    Shaw, L.3
  • 24
    • 59749092047 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prognostic value of multislice computed tomography and gated single-photon emission computed tomography in patients with suspected coronary artery disease
    • J.M. van Werkhoven, J.D. Schuijf, O. Gaemperli, and et al. Prognostic value of multislice computed tomography and gated single-photon emission computed tomography in patients with suspected coronary artery disease J Am Coll Cardiol 53 2009 623 632
    • (2009) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.53 , pp. 623-632
    • Van Werkhoven, J.M.1    Schuijf, J.D.2    Gaemperli, O.3
  • 25
    • 85073891145 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Non-obstructive coronary artery disease is not benign: Insights from the VA CART program on the association between non-obstructive disease and cardiac events (abstr)
    • T.M. Maddox, M. Stanislawski, G. Grunwald, and et al. Non-obstructive coronary artery disease is not benign: Insights from the VA CART program on the association between non-obstructive disease and cardiac events (abstr) Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes 7 2014 A24
    • (2014) Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes , vol.7 , pp. A24
    • Maddox, T.M.1    Stanislawski, M.2    Grunwald, G.3
  • 26
    • 77953298714 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coronary microvascular reactivity to adenosine predicts adverse outcome in women evaluated for suspected ischemia: results from the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute WISE (Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation) study
    • C.J. Pepine, R.D. Anderson, B.L. Sharaf, and et al. Coronary microvascular reactivity to adenosine predicts adverse outcome in women evaluated for suspected ischemia: results from the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute WISE (Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation) study J Am Col Cardiol 55 2010 2825 2832
    • (2010) J Am Col Cardiol , vol.55 , pp. 2825-2832
    • Pepine, C.J.1    Anderson, R.D.2    Sharaf, B.L.3
  • 27
    • 10744223065 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Abnormal coronary vasomotion as a prognostic indicator of cardiovascular events in women: results from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute-Sponsored Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE)
    • G.O. von Mering, C.B. Arant, T.R. Wessel, and et al. Abnormal coronary vasomotion as a prognostic indicator of cardiovascular events in women: results from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute-Sponsored Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE) Circulation 109 2004 722 725
    • (2004) Circulation , vol.109 , pp. 722-725
    • Von Mering, G.O.1    Arant, C.B.2    Wessel, T.R.3
  • 28
    • 84899686463 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coronary microvascular dysfunction: an update
    • F. Crea, P.G. Camici, and C.N. Bairey Merz Coronary microvascular dysfunction: an update Eur Heart J 35 2014 1101 1111
    • (2014) Eur Heart J , vol.35 , pp. 1101-1111
    • Crea, F.1    Camici, P.G.2    Bairey Merz, C.N.3
  • 29
    • 77955208989 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Definitions and incidence of cardiac syndrome X: review and analysis of clinical data
    • I.A. Vermeltfoort, P.G. Raijmakers, I.I. Riphagen, and et al. Definitions and incidence of cardiac syndrome X: review and analysis of clinical data Clin Res Cardiol 99 2010 475 481
    • (2010) Clin Res Cardiol , vol.99 , pp. 475-481
    • Vermeltfoort, I.A.1    Raijmakers, P.G.2    Riphagen, I.I.3
  • 30
    • 84929504337 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple causes for ischemia without obstructive coronary artery disease: not a short list
    • C.J. Pepine Multiple causes for ischemia without obstructive coronary artery disease: not a short list Circulation 131 2015 1044 1046
    • (2015) Circulation , vol.131 , pp. 1044-1046
    • Pepine, C.J.1
  • 31
    • 4043103441 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microvascular dysfunction in angiographically normal or mildly diseased coronary arteries predicts adverse cardiovascular long-term outcome
    • M.B. Britten, A.M. Zeiher, and V. Schächinger Microvascular dysfunction in angiographically normal or mildly diseased coronary arteries predicts adverse cardiovascular long-term outcome Coron Artery Dis 15 2004 259 264
    • (2004) Coron Artery Dis , vol.15 , pp. 259-264
    • Britten, M.B.1    Zeiher, A.M.2    Schächinger, V.3
  • 32
    • 84945943166 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gender differences in pre-event health status of young patients with acute myocardial infarction: a VIRGO study analysis
    • Feb 13 [E-pub ahead of print]
    • R.P. Dreyer, K.G. Smolderen, K.M. Strait, and et al. Gender differences in pre-event health status of young patients with acute myocardial infarction: a VIRGO study analysis Eur Heart J Acute Cardiovasc Care 2015 Feb 13 [E-pub ahead of print]
    • (2015) Eur Heart J Acute Cardiovasc Care
    • Dreyer, R.P.1    Smolderen, K.G.2    Strait, K.M.3
  • 33
    • 84904875216 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trends in acute myocardial infarction in young patients and differences by sex and race, 2001 to 2010
    • A. Gupta, Y. Wang, J.A. Spertus, and et al. Trends in acute myocardial infarction in young patients and differences by sex and race, 2001 to 2010 J Am Coll Cardiol 64 2014 337 345
    • (2014) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.64 , pp. 337-345
    • Gupta, A.1    Wang, Y.2    Spertus, J.A.3
  • 34
    • 84871311607 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2012 ACCF/AHA/ACP/AATS/PCNA/SCAI/STS guideline for the diagnosis and management of patients with stable ischemic heart disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines, and the American College of Physicians, American Association for Thoracic Surgery, Preventive Cardiovascular Nurses Association, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, and Society of Thoracic Surgeons
    • S.D. Fihn, J.M. Gardin, J. Abrams, and et al. 2012 ACCF/AHA/ACP/AATS/PCNA/SCAI/STS guideline for the diagnosis and management of patients with stable ischemic heart disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines, and the American College of Physicians, American Association for Thoracic Surgery, Preventive Cardiovascular Nurses Association, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, and Society of Thoracic Surgeons J Am Coll Cardiol 60 2012 e44 e164
    • (2012) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.60 , pp. e44-e164
    • Fihn, S.D.1    Gardin, J.M.2    Abrams, J.3
  • 35
    • 84945927082 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationships between components of metabolic syndrome and coronary intravascular ultrasound atherosclerosis measures in women without obstructive coronary artery disease: the NHLBI-sponsored Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE) study
    • A. Khalig, B.D. Johnson, R.D. Anderson, and et al. Relationships between components of metabolic syndrome and coronary intravascular ultrasound atherosclerosis measures in women without obstructive coronary artery disease: the NHLBI-sponsored Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE) study Cardiovasc Endocrinol 4 2015 45 52
    • (2015) Cardiovasc Endocrinol , vol.4 , pp. 45-52
    • Khalig, A.1    Johnson, B.D.2    Anderson, R.D.3
  • 36
    • 78650010635 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An intravascular ultrasound analysis in women experiencing chest pain in the absence of obstructive coronary artery disease: a substudy from the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute-Sponsored Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE)
    • M.A. Khuddus, C.J. Pepine, E.M. Handberg, and et al. An intravascular ultrasound analysis in women experiencing chest pain in the absence of obstructive coronary artery disease: a substudy from the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute-Sponsored Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE) J Interv Cardiol 23 2010 511 519
    • (2010) J Interv Cardiol , vol.23 , pp. 511-519
    • Khuddus, M.A.1    Pepine, C.J.2    Handberg, E.M.3
  • 37
    • 34547128645 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Redefining the normal angiogram using population-derived ranges for coronary size and shape: validation using intravascular ultrasound and applications in diverse patient cohorts
    • G.B. Mancini, A. Ryomoto, C. Kamimura, and et al. Redefining the normal angiogram using population-derived ranges for coronary size and shape: validation using intravascular ultrasound and applications in diverse patient cohorts Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 23 2007 441 453
    • (2007) Int J Cardiovasc Imaging , vol.23 , pp. 441-453
    • Mancini, G.B.1    Ryomoto, A.2    Kamimura, C.3
  • 38
    • 0035162498 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of coronary artery remodeling on clinical presentation of coronary artery disease: an intravascular ultrasound study
    • M. Nakamura, H. Nishikawa, S. Mukai, and et al. Impact of coronary artery remodeling on clinical presentation of coronary artery disease: an intravascular ultrasound study J Am Coll Cardiol 37 2001 63 69
    • (2001) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.37 , pp. 63-69
    • Nakamura, M.1    Nishikawa, H.2    Mukai, S.3
  • 39
    • 0031694761 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relation of arterial geometry to luminal narrowing and histologic markers for plaque vulnerability: the remodeling paradox
    • G. Pasterkamp, A.H. Schoneveld, A.C. van der Wal, and et al. Relation of arterial geometry to luminal narrowing and histologic markers for plaque vulnerability: the remodeling paradox J Am Coll Cardiol 32 1998 655 662
    • (1998) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.32 , pp. 655-662
    • Pasterkamp, G.1    Schoneveld, A.H.2    Van Der Wal, A.C.3
  • 40
    • 0034651992 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extent and direction of arterial remodeling in stable versus unstable coronary syndromes: an intravascular ultrasound study
    • P. Schoenhagen, K.M. Ziada, S.R. Kapadia, and et al. Extent and direction of arterial remodeling in stable versus unstable coronary syndromes: an intravascular ultrasound study Circulation 101 2000 598 603
    • (2000) Circulation , vol.101 , pp. 598-603
    • Schoenhagen, P.1    Ziada, K.M.2    Kapadia, S.R.3
  • 41
    • 0037176932 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship between coronary artery remodeling and plaque vulnerability
    • A.M. Varnava, P.G. Mills, and M.J. Davies Relationship between coronary artery remodeling and plaque vulnerability Circulation 105 2002 939 943
    • (2002) Circulation , vol.105 , pp. 939-943
    • Varnava, A.M.1    Mills, P.G.2    Davies, M.J.3
  • 42
    • 39449126196 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship between degree of remodeling and CT attenuation of plaque in coronary atherosclerotic lesions: an in-vivo analysis by multi-detector computed tomography
    • M. Schmid, T. Pflederer, I.K. Jang, and et al. Relationship between degree of remodeling and CT attenuation of plaque in coronary atherosclerotic lesions: an in-vivo analysis by multi-detector computed tomography Atherosclerosis 197 2008 457 464
    • (2008) Atherosclerosis , vol.197 , pp. 457-464
    • Schmid, M.1    Pflederer, T.2    Jang, I.K.3
  • 43
    • 77951573458 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Angina in women without obstructive coronary artery disease
    • K. Banks, M. Lo, and A. Khera Angina in women without obstructive coronary artery disease Curr Cardiol Rev 6 2010 71 81
    • (2010) Curr Cardiol Rev , vol.6 , pp. 71-81
    • Banks, K.1    Lo, M.2    Khera, A.3
  • 44
    • 84937716085 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiac magnetic resonance myocardial perfusion reserve index is reduced in women with coronary microvascular dysfunction. A National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute-Sponsored Study From the Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation
    • L.E. Thomson, J. Wei, M. Agarwal, and et al. Cardiac magnetic resonance myocardial perfusion reserve index is reduced in women with coronary microvascular dysfunction. A National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute-Sponsored Study From the Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 8 2015 e002481
    • (2015) Circ Cardiovasc Imaging , vol.8
    • Thomson, L.E.1    Wei, J.2    Agarwal, M.3
  • 45
    • 0021262857 scopus 로고
    • Augmented responses to vasoconstrictor stimuli in hypercholesterolemic and atherosclerotic monkeys
    • D.D. Heistad, M.L. Armstrong, M.L. Marcus, and et al. Augmented responses to vasoconstrictor stimuli in hypercholesterolemic and atherosclerotic monkeys Circ Res 54 1984 711 718
    • (1984) Circ Res , vol.54 , pp. 711-718
    • Heistad, D.D.1    Armstrong, M.L.2    Marcus, M.L.3
  • 46
    • 0028117854 scopus 로고
    • Global alteration in perfusion response to increasing oxygen consumption in patients with single-vessel coronary artery disease
    • G. Sambuceti, P. Marzullo, A. Giorgetti, and et al. Global alteration in perfusion response to increasing oxygen consumption in patients with single-vessel coronary artery disease Circulation 90 1994 1696 1705
    • (1994) Circulation , vol.90 , pp. 1696-1705
    • Sambuceti, G.1    Marzullo, P.2    Giorgetti, A.3
  • 47
    • 0025195338 scopus 로고
    • Endothelium-dependent vascular relaxation is abnormal in the coronary microcirculation of atherosclerotic primates
    • F.W. Sellke, M.L. Armstrong, and D.G. Harrison Endothelium-dependent vascular relaxation is abnormal in the coronary microcirculation of atherosclerotic primates Circulation 81 1990 1586 1593
    • (1990) Circulation , vol.81 , pp. 1586-1593
    • Sellke, F.W.1    Armstrong, M.L.2    Harrison, D.G.3
  • 48
    • 0027248553 scopus 로고
    • Altered coronary vasodilator reserve and metabolism in myocardium subtended by normal arteries in patients with coronary artery disease
    • N.G. Uren, P. Marraccini, R. Gistri, and et al. Altered coronary vasodilator reserve and metabolism in myocardium subtended by normal arteries in patients with coronary artery disease J Am Coll Cardiol 22 1993 650 658
    • (1993) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.22 , pp. 650-658
    • Uren, N.G.1    Marraccini, P.2    Gistri, R.3
  • 49
    • 0031966570 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Homogeneously reduced versus regionally impaired myocardial blood flow in hypertensive patients: two different patterns of myocardial perfusion associated with degree of hypertrophy
    • A. Gimelli, J. Schneider-Eicke, D. Neglia, and et al. Homogeneously reduced versus regionally impaired myocardial blood flow in hypertensive patients: two different patterns of myocardial perfusion associated with degree of hypertrophy J Am Coll Cardiol 31 1998 366 373
    • (1998) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.31 , pp. 366-373
    • Gimelli, A.1    Schneider-Eicke, J.2    Neglia, D.3
  • 50
    • 2642626653 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coronary flow reserve is reduced in young men with IDDM
    • O.P. Pitkänen, P. Nuutila, O.T. Raitakari, and et al. Coronary flow reserve is reduced in young men with IDDM Diabetes 47 1998 248 254
    • (1998) Diabetes , vol.47 , pp. 248-254
    • Pitkänen, O.P.1    Nuutila, P.2    Raitakari, O.T.3
  • 51
    • 0030725383 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduced myocardial flow reserve in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
    • I. Yokoyama, S. Momomura, T. Ohtake, and et al. Reduced myocardial flow reserve in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus J Am Coll Cardiol 30 1997 1472 1477
    • (1997) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.30 , pp. 1472-1477
    • Yokoyama, I.1    Momomura, S.2    Ohtake, T.3
  • 52
    • 0030454110 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduced coronary flow reserve in hypercholesterolemic patients without overt coronary stenosis
    • I. Yokoyama, T. Ohtake, S. Momomura, and et al. Reduced coronary flow reserve in hypercholesterolemic patients without overt coronary stenosis Circulation 94 1996 3232 3238
    • (1996) Circulation , vol.94 , pp. 3232-3238
    • Yokoyama, I.1    Ohtake, T.2    Momomura, S.3
  • 53
    • 31644433611 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coronary risk factors and myocardial perfusion in asymptomatic adults: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)
    • L. Wang, M. Jerosch-Herold, D.R. Jacobs Jr., and et al. Coronary risk factors and myocardial perfusion in asymptomatic adults: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) J Am Coll Cardiol 47 2006 565 572
    • (2006) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.47 , pp. 565-572
    • Wang, L.1    Jerosch-Herold, M.2    Jacobs, D.R.3
  • 54
    • 0033133487 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coronary flow velocity response to adenosine characterizes coronary microvascular function in women with chest pain and no obstructive coronary disease. Results from the pilot phase of the Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE) study
    • S.E. Reis, R. Holubkov, J.S. Lee, and et al. Coronary flow velocity response to adenosine characterizes coronary microvascular function in women with chest pain and no obstructive coronary disease. Results from the pilot phase of the Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE) study J Am Coll Cardiol 33 1999 1469 1475
    • (1999) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.33 , pp. 1469-1475
    • Reis, S.E.1    Holubkov, R.2    Lee, J.S.3
  • 55
    • 84923002155 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiac risk factors and myocardial perfusion reserve in women with microvascular coronary dysfunction
    • M. Agarwal, C. Shufelt, P.K. Mehta, and et al. Cardiac risk factors and myocardial perfusion reserve in women with microvascular coronary dysfunction Cardiovasc Diagn Ther 3 2013 146 152
    • (2013) Cardiovasc Diagn Ther , vol.3 , pp. 146-152
    • Agarwal, M.1    Shufelt, C.2    Mehta, P.K.3
  • 56
    • 0346794072 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Validation of a new noninvasive method (contrast-enhanced transthoracic second harmonic echo Doppler) for the evaluation of coronary flow reserve: comparison with intracoronary Doppler flow wire
    • C. Caiati, C. Montaldo, N. Zedda, and et al. Validation of a new noninvasive method (contrast-enhanced transthoracic second harmonic echo Doppler) for the evaluation of coronary flow reserve: comparison with intracoronary Doppler flow wire J Am Coll Cardiol 34 1999 1193 1200
    • (1999) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.34 , pp. 1193-1200
    • Caiati, C.1    Montaldo, C.2    Zedda, N.3
  • 57
    • 84900534694 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TIMI frame count and adverse events in women with no obstructive coronary disease: a pilot study from the NHLBI-sponsored Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE)
    • J.W. Petersen, B.D. Johnson, K.E. Kip, and et al. TIMI frame count and adverse events in women with no obstructive coronary disease: a pilot study from the NHLBI-sponsored Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE) PLoS One 9 2014 e96630
    • (2014) PLoS One , vol.9
    • Petersen, J.W.1    Johnson, B.D.2    Kip, K.E.3
  • 58
    • 27344433835 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coronary microvascular dysfunction in patients with microvascular angina: analysis by TIMI frame count
    • H. Sun, Y. Fukumoto, A. Ito, and et al. Coronary microvascular dysfunction in patients with microvascular angina: analysis by TIMI frame count J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 46 2005 622 626
    • (2005) J Cardiovasc Pharmacol , vol.46 , pp. 622-626
    • Sun, H.1    Fukumoto, Y.2    Ito, A.3
  • 59
    • 79551492985 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differences in myocardial structure and coronary microvasculature between men and women with coronary artery disease
    • D.J. Campbell, J.B. Somaratne, A.J. Jenkins, and et al. Differences in myocardial structure and coronary microvasculature between men and women with coronary artery disease Hypertension 57 2011 186 192
    • (2011) Hypertension , vol.57 , pp. 186-192
    • Campbell, D.J.1    Somaratne, J.B.2    Jenkins, A.J.3
  • 60
    • 33748367878 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The economic burden of angina in women with suspected ischemic heart disease: results from the National Institutes of Health - National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute - sponsored Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation
    • L.J. Shaw, C.N. Merz, C.J. Pepine, et al. for the Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE) Investigators The economic burden of angina in women with suspected ischemic heart disease: results from the National Institutes of Health - National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute - sponsored Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation Circulation 114 2006 894 904
    • (2006) Circulation , vol.114 , pp. 894-904
    • Shaw, L.J.1    Merz, C.N.2    Pepine, C.J.3
  • 61
    • 84899412445 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Burden of hospital admission and repeat angiography in angina pectoris patients with and without coronary artery disease: a registry-based cohort study
    • L. Jespersen, S.Z. Abildstrom, A. Hvelplund, and et al. Burden of hospital admission and repeat angiography in angina pectoris patients with and without coronary artery disease: a registry-based cohort study PLoS One 9 2014 e93170
    • (2014) PLoS One , vol.9
    • Jespersen, L.1    Abildstrom, S.Z.2    Hvelplund, A.3
  • 62
    • 84880039811 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased wave reflection and ejection duration in women with chest pain and nonobstructive coronary artery disease: ancillary study from the Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation
    • discussion 1454-5
    • W.W. Nichols, S.J. Denardo, B.D. Johnson, and et al. Increased wave reflection and ejection duration in women with chest pain and nonobstructive coronary artery disease: ancillary study from the Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation J Hypertens 31 2013 1447 1454 discussion 1454-5
    • (2013) J Hypertens , vol.31 , pp. 1447-1454
    • Nichols, W.W.1    Denardo, S.J.2    Johnson, B.D.3
  • 63
    • 41949135302 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of ethnicity and gender differences on angiographic coronary artery disease prevalence and in-hospital mortality in the American College of Cardiology-National Cardiovascular Data Registry
    • L.J. Shaw, R.E. Shaw, C.N. Merz, et al. for the American College of Cardiology-National Cardiovascular Data Registry Investigators Impact of ethnicity and gender differences on angiographic coronary artery disease prevalence and in-hospital mortality in the American College of Cardiology-National Cardiovascular Data Registry Circulation 117 2008 1787 1801
    • (2008) Circulation , vol.117 , pp. 1787-1801
    • Shaw, L.J.1    Shaw, R.E.2    Merz, C.N.3
  • 64
    • 0037926586 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 34th Bethesda Conference: Task force #2 - what is the pathologic basis for new atherosclerosis imaging techniques?
    • A.P. Burke, R. Virmani, Z. Galis, and et al. 34th Bethesda Conference: Task force #2 - what is the pathologic basis for new atherosclerosis imaging techniques? J Am Coll Cardiol 41 2003 1874 1886
    • (2003) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.41 , pp. 1874-1886
    • Burke, A.P.1    Virmani, R.2    Galis, Z.3
  • 65
    • 80053301356 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of myocardial infarction in women without angiographically obstructive coronary artery disease
    • H.R. Reynolds, M.B. Srichai, S.N. Iqbal, and et al. Mechanisms of myocardial infarction in women without angiographically obstructive coronary artery disease Circulation 124 2011 1414 1425
    • (2011) Circulation , vol.124 , pp. 1414-1425
    • Reynolds, H.R.1    Srichai, M.B.2    Iqbal, S.N.3
  • 66
    • 38349014384 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Angina with "normal" coronary arteries: sex differences in outcomes
    • K.H. Humphries, A. Pu, M. Gao, and et al. Angina with "normal" coronary arteries: sex differences in outcomes Am Heart J 155 2008 375 381
    • (2008) Am Heart J , vol.155 , pp. 375-381
    • Humphries, K.H.1    Pu, A.2    Gao, M.3
  • 67
    • 79959690297 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microvascular coronary dysfunction in women: pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management
    • K. Kothawade, and C.N. Bairey Merz Microvascular coronary dysfunction in women: pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management Curr Probl Cardiol 36 2011 291 318
    • (2011) Curr Probl Cardiol , vol.36 , pp. 291-318
    • Kothawade, K.1    Bairey Merz, C.N.2
  • 68
    • 84908703718 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Outcomes among non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes patients with no angiographically obstructive coronary artery disease: observations from 37,101 patients
    • G.M. De Ferrari, K.A. Fox, J.A. White, and et al. Outcomes among non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes patients with no angiographically obstructive coronary artery disease: observations from 37,101 patients Eur Heart J Acute Cardiovasc Care 3 2014 37 45
    • (2014) Eur Heart J Acute Cardiovasc Care , vol.3 , pp. 37-45
    • De Ferrari, G.M.1    Fox, K.A.2    White, J.A.3
  • 69
    • 70349211713 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization and outcomes of women and men with non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and nonobstructive coronary artery disease: results from the Can Rapid Risk Stratification of Unstable Angina Patients Suppress Adverse Outcomes with Early Implementation of the ACC/AHA Guidelines (CRUSADE) quality improvement initiative
    • E.R. Gehrie, H.R. Reynolds, A.Y. Chen, and et al. Characterization and outcomes of women and men with non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and nonobstructive coronary artery disease: results from the Can Rapid Risk Stratification of Unstable Angina Patients Suppress Adverse Outcomes with Early Implementation of the ACC/AHA Guidelines (CRUSADE) quality improvement initiative Am Heart J 158 2009 688 694
    • (2009) Am Heart J , vol.158 , pp. 688-694
    • Gehrie, E.R.1    Reynolds, H.R.2    Chen, A.Y.3
  • 70
    • 33748681721 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence, predictors, and outcomes of patients with non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and insignificant coronary artery disease: results from the Can Rapid risk stratification of Unstable angina patients Suppress ADverse outcomes with Early implementation of the ACC/AHA Guidelines (CRUSADE) initiative
    • M.R. Patel, A.Y. Chen, E.D. Peterson, and et al. Prevalence, predictors, and outcomes of patients with non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and insignificant coronary artery disease: results from the Can Rapid risk stratification of Unstable angina patients Suppress ADverse outcomes with Early implementation of the ACC/AHA Guidelines (CRUSADE) initiative Am Heart J 152 2006 641 647
    • (2006) Am Heart J , vol.152 , pp. 641-647
    • Patel, M.R.1    Chen, A.Y.2    Peterson, E.D.3
  • 71
    • 84857422387 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of age and sex with myocardial infarction symptom presentation and in-hospital mortality
    • J.G. Canto, W.J. Rogers, R.J. Goldberg, and et al. Association of age and sex with myocardial infarction symptom presentation and in-hospital mortality JAMA 307 2012 813 822
    • (2012) JAMA , vol.307 , pp. 813-822
    • Canto, J.G.1    Rogers, W.J.2    Goldberg, R.J.3
  • 72
    • 84929425308 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of gender on patients with ST-elevation and non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction without obstructive coronary artery disease
    • N. Johnston, B. Jönelid, C. Christersson, and et al. Effect of gender on patients with ST-elevation and non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction without obstructive coronary artery disease Am J Cardiol 115 2015 1661 1666
    • (2015) Am J Cardiol , vol.115 , pp. 1661-1666
    • Johnston, N.1    Jönelid, B.2    Christersson, C.3
  • 73
    • 84885977473 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The myth of the mild vulnerable plaques
    • G.W. Stone, and J. Narula The myth of the mild vulnerable plaques J Am Coll Cardiol Img 6 2013 1124 1126
    • (2013) J Am Coll Cardiol Img , vol.6 , pp. 1124-1126
    • Stone, G.W.1    Narula, J.2
  • 74
    • 84873405806 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonobstructive coronary disease leading to STEMI: assessment of residual stenosis after thrombus aspiration
    • P. De Araújo Gonçalves, J. Brito, P.J. Sousa, and et al. Nonobstructive coronary disease leading to STEMI: assessment of residual stenosis after thrombus aspiration Coron Artery Dis 24 2013 154 159
    • (2013) Coron Artery Dis , vol.24 , pp. 154-159
    • De Araújo Gonçalves, P.1    Brito, J.2    Sousa, P.J.3
  • 75
    • 84858412059 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gender and the extent of coronary atherosclerosis, plaque composition, and clinical outcomes in acute coronary syndromes
    • A.J. Lansky, V.G. Ng, A. Maehara, and et al. Gender and the extent of coronary atherosclerosis, plaque composition, and clinical outcomes in acute coronary syndromes J Am Coll Cardiol Img 5 Suppl 2012 S62 S72
    • (2012) J Am Coll Cardiol Img , vol.5 , pp. S62-S72
    • Lansky, A.J.1    Ng, V.G.2    Maehara, A.3
  • 76
    • 84938927110 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The spectrum of epidemiology underlying sudden cardiac death
    • M. Hayashi, W. Shimizu, and C.M. Albert The spectrum of epidemiology underlying sudden cardiac death Circ Res 116 2015 1887 1906
    • (2015) Circ Res , vol.116 , pp. 1887-1906
    • Hayashi, M.1    Shimizu, W.2    Albert, C.M.3
  • 77
    • 0037154284 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Morphological predictors of arterial remodeling in coronary atherosclerosis
    • A.P. Burke, F.D. Kolodgie, A. Farb, and et al. Morphological predictors of arterial remodeling in coronary atherosclerosis Circulation 105 2002 297 303
    • (2002) Circulation , vol.105 , pp. 297-303
    • Burke, A.P.1    Kolodgie, F.D.2    Farb, A.3
  • 78
    • 85073889646 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sudden cardiac death and severity of obstructive coronary artery disease. A report from the NHLBI-sponsored Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE) study (abstr)
    • B.D. Johnson, W. Eteiba, B. Sharaf, and et al. Sudden cardiac death and severity of obstructive coronary artery disease. A report from the NHLBI-sponsored Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE) study (abstr) Circulation 120 2009 S394
    • (2009) Circulation , vol.120 , pp. S394
    • Johnson, B.D.1    Eteiba, W.2    Sharaf, B.3
  • 79
    • 79953693258 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Women have less severe and extensive coronary atherosclerosis in fatal cases of ischemic heart disease: an autopsy study
    • N.R. Smilowitz, B.A. Sampson, C.R. Abrecht, and et al. Women have less severe and extensive coronary atherosclerosis in fatal cases of ischemic heart disease: an autopsy study Am Heart J 161 2011 681 688
    • (2011) Am Heart J , vol.161 , pp. 681-688
    • Smilowitz, N.R.1    Sampson, B.A.2    Abrecht, C.R.3
  • 80
    • 0037036843 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prognostic role of reversible endothelial dysfunction in hypertensive postmenopausal women
    • M.G. Modena, L. Bonetti, F. Coppi, and et al. Prognostic role of reversible endothelial dysfunction in hypertensive postmenopausal women J Am Coll Cardiol 40 2002 505 510
    • (2002) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.40 , pp. 505-510
    • Modena, M.G.1    Bonetti, L.2    Coppi, F.3
  • 81
    • 30744433885 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Excess risk of fatal coronary heart disease associated with diabetes in men and women: meta-analysis of 37 prospective cohort studies
    • R. Huxley, F. Barzi, and M. Woodward Excess risk of fatal coronary heart disease associated with diabetes in men and women: meta-analysis of 37 prospective cohort studies BMJ 332 2006 73 78
    • (2006) BMJ , vol.332 , pp. 73-78
    • Huxley, R.1    Barzi, F.2    Woodward, M.3
  • 82
    • 9444299032 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gender difference in the impact of type 2 diabetes on coronary heart disease risk
    • A. Juutilainen, S. Kortelainen, S. Lehto, and et al. Gender difference in the impact of type 2 diabetes on coronary heart disease risk Diabetes Care 27 2004 2898 2904
    • (2004) Diabetes Care , vol.27 , pp. 2898-2904
    • Juutilainen, A.1    Kortelainen, S.2    Lehto, S.3
  • 83
    • 0042308631 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sex differences in risk for coronary heart disease mortality associated with diabetes and established coronary heart disease
    • S. Natarajan, Y. Liao, G. Cao, and et al. Sex differences in risk for coronary heart disease mortality associated with diabetes and established coronary heart disease Arch Intern Med 163 2003 1735 1740
    • (2003) Arch Intern Med , vol.163 , pp. 1735-1740
    • Natarajan, S.1    Liao, Y.2    Cao, G.3
  • 84
    • 84924527309 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk of all-cause mortality and vascular events in women versus men with type 1 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
    • R.R. Huxley, S.A. Peters, G.D. Mishra, and et al. Risk of all-cause mortality and vascular events in women versus men with type 1 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 3 2015 198 206
    • (2015) Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol , vol.3 , pp. 198-206
    • Huxley, R.R.1    Peters, S.A.2    Mishra, G.D.3
  • 85
    • 80052632932 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coronary circulatory function in patients with the metabolic syndrome
    • M.F. Di Carli, D. Charytan, G.T. McMahon, and et al. Coronary circulatory function in patients with the metabolic syndrome J Nucl Med 52 2011 1369 1377
    • (2011) J Nucl Med , vol.52 , pp. 1369-1377
    • Di Carli, M.F.1    Charytan, D.2    McMahon, G.T.3
  • 86
    • 0036033773 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mismatch between insulin-mediated glucose uptake and blood flow in the heart of patients with Type II diabetes
    • P. Iozzo, P. Chareonthaitawee, O. Rimoldi, and et al. Mismatch between insulin-mediated glucose uptake and blood flow in the heart of patients with Type II diabetes Diabetologia 45 2002 1404 1409
    • (2002) Diabetologia , vol.45 , pp. 1404-1409
    • Iozzo, P.1    Chareonthaitawee, P.2    Rimoldi, O.3
  • 87
    • 0028847919 scopus 로고
    • Maximal coronary flow reserve and metabolic coronary vasodilation in patients with diabetes mellitus
    • P.J. Nahser Jr., R.E. Brown, H. Oskarsson, and et al. Maximal coronary flow reserve and metabolic coronary vasodilation in patients with diabetes mellitus Circulation 91 1995 635 640
    • (1995) Circulation , vol.91 , pp. 635-640
    • Nahser, P.J.1    Brown, R.E.2    Oskarsson, H.3
  • 88
    • 18444406621 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coronary circulatory dysfunction in insulin resistance, impaired glucose tolerance, and type 2 diabetes mellitus
    • J.O. Prior, M.J. Quiñones, M. Hernandez-Pampaloni, and et al. Coronary circulatory dysfunction in insulin resistance, impaired glucose tolerance, and type 2 diabetes mellitus Circulation 111 2005 2291 2298
    • (2005) Circulation , vol.111 , pp. 2291-2298
    • Prior, J.O.1    Quiñones, M.J.2    Hernandez-Pampaloni, M.3
  • 89
    • 2342466765 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coronary vasomotor abnormalities in insulin-resistant individuals
    • M.J. Quiñones, M. Hernandez-Pampaloni, H. Schelbert, and et al. Coronary vasomotor abnormalities in insulin-resistant individuals Ann Intern Med 140 2004 700 708
    • (2004) Ann Intern Med , vol.140 , pp. 700-708
    • Quiñones, M.J.1    Hernandez-Pampaloni, M.2    Schelbert, H.3
  • 90
    • 33644880801 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship between increasing body weight, insulin resistance, inflammation, adipocytokine leptin, and coronary circulatory function
    • T.H. Schindler, J. Cardenas, J.O. Prior, and et al. Relationship between increasing body weight, insulin resistance, inflammation, adipocytokine leptin, and coronary circulatory function J Am Coll Cardiol 47 2006 1188 1195
    • (2006) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.47 , pp. 1188-1195
    • Schindler, T.H.1    Cardenas, J.2    Prior, J.O.3
  • 91
    • 84867266956 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association between coronary vascular dysfunction and cardiac mortality in patients with and without diabetes mellitus
    • V.L. Murthy, M. Naya, C.R. Foster, and et al. Association between coronary vascular dysfunction and cardiac mortality in patients with and without diabetes mellitus Circulation 126 2012 1858 1868
    • (2012) Circulation , vol.126 , pp. 1858-1868
    • Murthy, V.L.1    Naya, M.2    Foster, C.R.3
  • 92
    • 84904155024 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physiological basis and long-term clinical outcome of discordance between fractional flow reserve and coronary flow velocity reserve in coronary stenoses of intermediate severity
    • T.P. van de Hoef, M.A. van Lavieren, P. Damman, and et al. Physiological basis and long-term clinical outcome of discordance between fractional flow reserve and coronary flow velocity reserve in coronary stenoses of intermediate severity Circ Cardiovasc Interv 7 2014 301 311
    • (2014) Circ Cardiovasc Interv , vol.7 , pp. 301-311
    • Van De Hoef, T.P.1    Van Lavieren, M.A.2    Damman, P.3
  • 93
    • 84857007267 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High prevalence of a pathological response to acetylcholine testing in patients with stable angina pectoris and unobstructed coronary arteries. The ACOVA Study (Abnormal COronary VAsomotion in patients with stable angina and unobstructed coronary arteries)
    • P. Ong, A. Athanasiadis, G. Borgulya, and et al. High prevalence of a pathological response to acetylcholine testing in patients with stable angina pectoris and unobstructed coronary arteries. The ACOVA Study (Abnormal COronary VAsomotion in patients with stable angina and unobstructed coronary arteries) J Am Coll Cardiol 59 2012 655 662
    • (2012) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.59 , pp. 655-662
    • Ong, P.1    Athanasiadis, A.2    Borgulya, G.3
  • 94
    • 84904766096 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of noninvasive testing in the clinical evaluation of women with suspected ischemic heart disease: a consensus statement from the American Heart Association
    • J.H. Mieres, M. Gulati, N. Bairey Merz, et al. for the American Heart Association Cardiac Imaging Committee of the Council on Clinical Cardiology and the Cardiovascular Imaging and Intervention Committee of the Council on Cardiovascular Radiology and Intervention Role of noninvasive testing in the clinical evaluation of women with suspected ischemic heart disease: a consensus statement from the American Heart Association Circulation 130 2014 350 379
    • (2014) Circulation , vol.130 , pp. 350-379
    • Mieres, J.H.1    Gulati, M.2    Bairey Merz, N.3
  • 95
    • 0242460545 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Benefits of statin treatment in cardiac syndrome-X1
    • M. Kayikcioglu, S. Payzin, O. Yavuzgil, and et al. Benefits of statin treatment in cardiac syndrome-X1 Eur Heart J 24 2003 1999 2005
    • (2003) Eur Heart J , vol.24 , pp. 1999-2005
    • Kayikcioglu, M.1    Payzin, S.2    Yavuzgil, O.3
  • 96
    • 0346096808 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase in cardiac Syndrome X: role of superoxide dismutase activity
    • C. Pizzi, O. Manfrini, F. Fontana, and et al. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase in cardiac Syndrome X: role of superoxide dismutase activity Circulation 109 2004 53 58
    • (2004) Circulation , vol.109 , pp. 53-58
    • Pizzi, C.1    Manfrini, O.2    Fontana, F.3
  • 97
    • 80053652820 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In women with symptoms of cardiac ischemia, nonobstructive coronary arteries, and microvascular dysfunction, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition is associated with improved microvascular function: a double-blind randomized study from the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE)
    • D.F. Pauly, B.D. Johnson, R.D. Anderson, and et al. In women with symptoms of cardiac ischemia, nonobstructive coronary arteries, and microvascular dysfunction, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition is associated with improved microvascular function: a double-blind randomized study from the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE) Am Heart J 162 2011 678 684
    • (2011) Am Heart J , vol.162 , pp. 678-684
    • Pauly, D.F.1    Johnson, B.D.2    Anderson, R.D.3
  • 98
    • 0036828019 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition reduces plasma asymmetric dimethylarginine and improves endothelial nitric oxide bioavailability and coronary microvascular function in patients with syndrome X
    • J.W. Chen, N.W. Hsu, T.C. Wu, and et al. Long-term angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition reduces plasma asymmetric dimethylarginine and improves endothelial nitric oxide bioavailability and coronary microvascular function in patients with syndrome X Am J Cardiol 90 2002 974 982
    • (2002) Am J Cardiol , vol.90 , pp. 974-982
    • Chen, J.W.1    Hsu, N.W.2    Wu, T.C.3
  • 99
    • 0034016976 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cholesterol-lowering treatment is associated with improvement in coronary vascular remodeling and endothelial function in patients with normal or mildly diseased coronary arteries
    • S. Hamasaki, S.T. Higano, J.A. Suwaidi, and et al. Cholesterol-lowering treatment is associated with improvement in coronary vascular remodeling and endothelial function in patients with normal or mildly diseased coronary arteries Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 20 2000 737 743
    • (2000) Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol , vol.20 , pp. 737-743
    • Hamasaki, S.1    Higano, S.T.2    Suwaidi, J.A.3
  • 100
    • 0028803432 scopus 로고
    • Effect of diltiazem on coronary flow reserve in patients with microvascular angina
    • G. Sütsch, E. Oechslin, I. Mayer, and et al. Effect of diltiazem on coronary flow reserve in patients with microvascular angina Int J Cardiol 52 1995 135 143
    • (1995) Int J Cardiol , vol.52 , pp. 135-143
    • Sütsch, G.1    Oechslin, E.2    Mayer, I.3
  • 101
    • 0032886790 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atenolol versus amlodipine versus isosorbide-5-mononitrate on anginal symptoms in syndrome X
    • A8
    • G.A. Lanza, G. Colonna, V. Pasceri, and et al. Atenolol versus amlodipine versus isosorbide-5-mononitrate on anginal symptoms in syndrome X Am J Cardiol 84 1999 854 856 A8
    • (1999) Am J Cardiol , vol.84 , pp. 854-856
    • Lanza, G.A.1    Colonna, G.2    Pasceri, V.3
  • 102
    • 0024532652 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of verapamil versus propranolol therapy in syndrome X
    • R. Bugiardini, A. Borghi, L. Biagetti, and et al. Comparison of verapamil versus propranolol therapy in syndrome X Am J Cardiol 63 1989 286 290
    • (1989) Am J Cardiol , vol.63 , pp. 286-290
    • Bugiardini, R.1    Borghi, A.2    Biagetti, L.3
  • 103
    • 0034332781 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physical training in Syndrome X: physical training counteracts deconditioning and pain in Syndrome X
    • B.E. Eriksson, R. Tyni-Lennè, J. Svedenhag, and et al. Physical training in Syndrome X: physical training counteracts deconditioning and pain in Syndrome X J Am Coll Cardiol 36 2000 1619 1625
    • (2000) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.36 , pp. 1619-1625
    • Eriksson, B.E.1    Tyni-Lennè, R.2    Svedenhag, J.3
  • 104
    • 0028348491 scopus 로고
    • Imipramine in patients with chest pain despite normal coronary angiograms
    • R.O. Cannon III, A.A. Quyyumi, R. Mincemoyer, and et al. Imipramine in patients with chest pain despite normal coronary angiograms N Engl J Med 330 1994 1411 1417
    • (1994) N Engl J Med , vol.330 , pp. 1411-1417
    • Cannon, R.O.1    Quyyumi, A.A.2    Mincemoyer, R.3
  • 105
    • 0032474451 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term L-arginine supplementation improves small-vessel coronary endothelial function in humans
    • A. Lerman, J.C. Burnett Jr., S.T. Higano, and et al. Long-term L-arginine supplementation improves small-vessel coronary endothelial function in humans Circulation 97 1998 2123 2128
    • (1998) Circulation , vol.97 , pp. 2123-2128
    • Lerman, A.1    Burnett, J.C.2    Higano, S.T.3
  • 106
    • 73249118905 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oral L-arginine supplementation in acute myocardial infarction therapy: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
    • T. Sun, W.B. Zhou, X.P. Luo, and et al. Oral L-arginine supplementation in acute myocardial infarction therapy: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials Clin Cardiol 32 2009 649 652
    • (2009) Clin Cardiol , vol.32 , pp. 649-652
    • Sun, T.1    Zhou, W.B.2    Luo, X.P.3
  • 107
    • 0034933190 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Esterified estrogens combined with methyltestosterone improve emotional well-being in postmenopausal women with chest pain and normal coronary angiograms
    • D.L. Adamson, C.M. Webb, and P. Collins Esterified estrogens combined with methyltestosterone improve emotional well-being in postmenopausal women with chest pain and normal coronary angiograms Menopause 8 2001 233 238
    • (2001) Menopause , vol.8 , pp. 233-238
    • Adamson, D.L.1    Webb, C.M.2    Collins, P.3
  • 108
    • 84908668523 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacological approaches to coronary microvascular dysfunction
    • G. Guarini, A. Huqi, D. Morrone, and et al. Pharmacological approaches to coronary microvascular dysfunction Pharmacol Ther 144 2014 283 302
    • (2014) Pharmacol Ther , vol.144 , pp. 283-302
    • Guarini, G.1    Huqi, A.2    Morrone, D.3
  • 109
    • 84917732102 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2014 AHA/ACC guideline for the management of patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndromes: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines
    • E.A. Amsterdam, N.K. Wenger, R.G. Brindis, and et al. 2014 AHA/ACC guideline for the management of patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndromes: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines J Am Coll Cardiol 64 2014 e139 e228
    • (2014) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.64 , pp. e139-e228
    • Amsterdam, E.A.1    Wenger, N.K.2    Brindis, R.G.3
  • 110
    • 84884294190 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2013 ACCF/AHA guideline for the management of heart failure: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines
    • C.W. Yancy, M. Jessup, B. Bozkurt, and et al. 2013 ACCF/AHA guideline for the management of heart failure: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines J Am Coll Cardiol 62 2013 e147 e239
    • (2013) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.62 , pp. e147-e239
    • Yancy, C.W.1    Jessup, M.2    Bozkurt, B.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.