메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 13, Issue 4, 2017, Pages 468-492

Detecting cognitive changes in preclinical Alzheimer's disease: A review of its feasibility

Author keywords

Alzheimer's disease; Cognition; Diagnosis; Neuropsychology; Preclinical markers

Indexed keywords

AMYLOID;

EID: 85007349421     PISSN: 15525260     EISSN: 15525279     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2016.06.2365     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (135)

References (95)
  • 1
    • 84944222864 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is late-onset Alzheimer's disease really a disease of midlife?
    • Alzheimer's Dement Transl Res Clin Interv.
    • [1] Ritchie K, Ritchie CW, Yaffe K, Skoogf I, Scarmeas N. Is late-onset Alzheimer's disease really a disease of midlife? Alzheimer's Dement Transl Res Clin Interv 2015:122–130.
    • (2015) , pp. 122-130
    • Ritchie, K.1    Ritchie, C.W.2    Yaffe, K.3    Skoogf, I.4    Scarmeas, N.5
  • 2
    • 84941005081 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Longitudinal cerebrospinal fluid biomarker changes in preclinical alzheimer disease during middle age
    • [2] Sutphen, C.L., Jasielec, M.S., Shah, A.R., Macy, E.M., Xiong, C., Vlassenko, A.G., et al. Longitudinal cerebrospinal fluid biomarker changes in preclinical alzheimer disease during middle age. JAMA Neurol 72 (2015), 1029–1042.
    • (2015) JAMA Neurol , vol.72 , pp. 1029-1042
    • Sutphen, C.L.1    Jasielec, M.S.2    Shah, A.R.3    Macy, E.M.4    Xiong, C.5    Vlassenko, A.G.6
  • 4
    • 84957440529 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of interventions for the secondary prevention of Alzheimer's dementia: the European Prevention of Alzheimer's Dementia (EPAD) project
    • [4] Ritchie, C.W., Molinuevo, J.L., Truyen, L., Satlin, A., Van der Geyten, S., Lovestone, S., Development of interventions for the secondary prevention of Alzheimer's dementia: the European Prevention of Alzheimer's Dementia (EPAD) project. Lancet Psychiatry 3 (2016), 179–186.
    • (2016) Lancet Psychiatry , vol.3 , pp. 179-186
    • Ritchie, C.W.1    Molinuevo, J.L.2    Truyen, L.3    Satlin, A.4    Van der Geyten, S.5    Lovestone, S.6
  • 5
    • 77955870204 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Designing prevention programmes to reduce incidence of dementia: prospective cohort study of modifiable risk factors
    • [5] Ritchie, K., Carrière, I., Ritchie, C.W., Berr, C., Artero, S., Ancelin, M.L., Designing prevention programmes to reduce incidence of dementia: prospective cohort study of modifiable risk factors. BMJ, 341, 2010, c3885.
    • (2010) BMJ , vol.341 , pp. c3885
    • Ritchie, K.1    Carrière, I.2    Ritchie, C.W.3    Berr, C.4    Artero, S.5    Ancelin, M.L.6
  • 6
    • 84872379077 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tracking pathophysiological processes in Alzheimer's disease: an updated hypothetical model of dynamic biomarkers
    • [6] Jack, C.R., Knopman, D.S., Jagust, W.J., Petersen, R.C., Weiner, M.W., Aisen, P.S., et al. Tracking pathophysiological processes in Alzheimer's disease: an updated hypothetical model of dynamic biomarkers. Lancet Neurol 12 (2013), 207–216.
    • (2013) Lancet Neurol , vol.12 , pp. 207-216
    • Jack, C.R.1    Knopman, D.S.2    Jagust, W.J.3    Petersen, R.C.4    Weiner, M.W.5    Aisen, P.S.6
  • 7
    • 84912064760 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synergistic effect of beta-amyloid and neurodegeneration on cognitive decline in clinically normal individuals
    • [7] Mormino, E.C., Betensky, R.A., Hedden, T., Schultz, A.P., Amariglio, R.E., Rentz, D.M., et al. Synergistic effect of beta-amyloid and neurodegeneration on cognitive decline in clinically normal individuals. JAMA Neurol 71 (2014), 1379–1385.
    • (2014) JAMA Neurol , vol.71 , pp. 1379-1385
    • Mormino, E.C.1    Betensky, R.A.2    Hedden, T.3    Schultz, A.P.4    Amariglio, R.E.5    Rentz, D.M.6
  • 8
    • 79956098248 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toward defining the preclinical stages of Alzheimer's disease: Recommendations from the National Institute on Aging and the Alzheimer's Association workgroup
    • [8] Sperling, Ra, Aisen, P.S., Beckett, La, Bennett, Da, Craft, S., Fagan, A.M., et al. Toward defining the preclinical stages of Alzheimer's disease: Recommendations from the National Institute on Aging and the Alzheimer's Association workgroup. Alzheimers Dement 7 (2011), 280–292.
    • (2011) Alzheimers Dement , vol.7 , pp. 280-292
    • Sperling, R.1    Aisen, P.S.2    Beckett, L.3    Bennett, D.4    Craft, S.5    Fagan, A.M.6
  • 9
    • 23044474313 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognitive impairment in preclinical Alzheimer's disease: a meta-analysis
    • [9] Bäckman, L., Jones, S., Berger, A.K., Laukka, E.J., Small, B.J., Cognitive impairment in preclinical Alzheimer's disease: a meta-analysis. Neuropsychology 19 (2005), 520–531.
    • (2005) Neuropsychology , vol.19 , pp. 520-531
    • Bäckman, L.1    Jones, S.2    Berger, A.K.3    Laukka, E.J.4    Small, B.J.5
  • 10
    • 84876385490 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Meta-analysis of amyloid-cognition relations in cognitively normal older adults
    • [10] Hedden, T., Oh, H., Younger, A.P., Patel, T.A., Meta-analysis of amyloid-cognition relations in cognitively normal older adults. Neurology 80 (2013), 1341–1348.
    • (2013) Neurology , vol.80 , pp. 1341-1348
    • Hedden, T.1    Oh, H.2    Younger, A.P.3    Patel, T.A.4
  • 11
    • 84937687757 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognitive and brain profiles associated with current neuroimaging biomarkers of preclinical alzheimer's disease
    • [11] Besson, F.L., La Joie, R., Doeuvre, L., Gaubert, M., Mezenge, F., Egret, S., et al. Cognitive and brain profiles associated with current neuroimaging biomarkers of preclinical alzheimer's disease. J Neurosci 35 (2015), 10402–10411.
    • (2015) J Neurosci , vol.35 , pp. 10402-10411
    • Besson, F.L.1    La Joie, R.2    Doeuvre, L.3    Gaubert, M.4    Mezenge, F.5    Egret, S.6
  • 12
    • 84942744439 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Memory, executive, and multidomain subtle cognitive impairment: Clinical and biomarker findings
    • [12] Toledo, J.B., Bjerke, M., Chen, K., Rozycki, M., Jack, C.R., Weiner, M.W., et al. Memory, executive, and multidomain subtle cognitive impairment: Clinical and biomarker findings. Neurology 85 (2015), 144–153.
    • (2015) Neurology , vol.85 , pp. 144-153
    • Toledo, J.B.1    Bjerke, M.2    Chen, K.3    Rozycki, M.4    Jack, C.R.5    Weiner, M.W.6
  • 13
    • 84890423856 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Associations between Alzheimer disease biomarkers, neurodegeneration, and cognition in cognitively normal older people
    • [13] Wirth, M., Villeneuve, S., Haase, C.M., Madison, C.M., Oh, H., Landau, S.M., et al. Associations between Alzheimer disease biomarkers, neurodegeneration, and cognition in cognitively normal older people. JAMA Neurol 70 (2013), 1512–1519.
    • (2013) JAMA Neurol , vol.70 , pp. 1512-1519
    • Wirth, M.1    Villeneuve, S.2    Haase, C.M.3    Madison, C.M.4    Oh, H.5    Landau, S.M.6
  • 15
    • 84880272466 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis of the relationship between Abeta deposition, cortical thickness, and memory in cognitively unimpaired individuals and in Alzheimer disease
    • [15] Dore, V., Villemagne, V.L., Bourgeat, P., Fripp, J., Acosta, O., Chetelat, G., et al. Cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis of the relationship between Abeta deposition, cortical thickness, and memory in cognitively unimpaired individuals and in Alzheimer disease. JAMA Neurol 70 (2013), 903–911.
    • (2013) JAMA Neurol , vol.70 , pp. 903-911
    • Dore, V.1    Villemagne, V.L.2    Bourgeat, P.3    Fripp, J.4    Acosta, O.5    Chetelat, G.6
  • 16
    • 41949121294 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The brain's default network: anatomy, function, and relevance to disease
    • [16] Buckner, R.L., Andrews-Hanna, J.R., Schacter, D.L., The brain's default network: anatomy, function, and relevance to disease. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1124 (2008), 1–38.
    • (2008) Ann N Y Acad Sci , vol.1124 , pp. 1-38
    • Buckner, R.L.1    Andrews-Hanna, J.R.2    Schacter, D.L.3
  • 17
    • 0025863618 scopus 로고
    • Neuropathological staging of Alzheimer-related changes
    • [17] Braak, H., Braak, E., Neuropathological staging of Alzheimer-related changes. Acta Neuropathol 82 (1991), 239–259.
    • (1991) Acta Neuropathol , vol.82 , pp. 239-259
    • Braak, H.1    Braak, E.2
  • 18
    • 23944444806 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular, structural, and functional characterization of Alzheimer's disease: evidence for a relationship between default activity, amyloid, and memory
    • [18] Buckner, R.L., Snyder, A.Z., Shannon, B.J., LaRossa, G., Sachs, R., Fotenos, A.F., et al. Molecular, structural, and functional characterization of Alzheimer's disease: evidence for a relationship between default activity, amyloid, and memory. J Neurosci 25 (2005), 7709–7717.
    • (2005) J Neurosci , vol.25 , pp. 7709-7717
    • Buckner, R.L.1    Snyder, A.Z.2    Shannon, B.J.3    LaRossa, G.4    Sachs, R.5    Fotenos, A.F.6
  • 19
    • 67651054970 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resting-state BOLD networks versus task-associated functional MRI for distinguishing Alzheimer's disease risk groups
    • [19] Fleisher, A.S., Sherzai, A., Taylor, C., Langbaum, J.B.S., Chen, K., Buxton, R.B., Resting-state BOLD networks versus task-associated functional MRI for distinguishing Alzheimer's disease risk groups. Neuroimage 47 (2009), 1678–1690.
    • (2009) Neuroimage , vol.47 , pp. 1678-1690
    • Fleisher, A.S.1    Sherzai, A.2    Taylor, C.3    Langbaum, J.B.S.4    Chen, K.5    Buxton, R.B.6
  • 20
    • 84861606292 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of beta-amyloid accumulation on neural function during encoding across the adult lifespan
    • [20] Kennedy, K.M., Rodrigue, K.M., Devous, M.D. Sr., Hebrank, A.C., Bischof, G.N., Park, D.C., Effects of beta-amyloid accumulation on neural function during encoding across the adult lifespan. Neuroimage 62 (2012), 1–8.
    • (2012) Neuroimage , vol.62 , pp. 1-8
    • Kennedy, K.M.1    Rodrigue, K.M.2    Devous, M.D.3    Hebrank, A.C.4    Bischof, G.N.5    Park, D.C.6
  • 21
    • 84941342369 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • APOE effects on default mode network in chinese cognitive normal elderly: relationship with clinical cognitive performance
    • [21] Song, H., Long, H., Zuo, X., Yu, C., Liu, B., Wang, Z., et al. APOE effects on default mode network in chinese cognitive normal elderly: relationship with clinical cognitive performance. PLoS One, 10, 2015, e0133179.
    • (2015) PLoS One , vol.10 , pp. e0133179
    • Song, H.1    Long, H.2    Zuo, X.3    Yu, C.4    Liu, B.5    Wang, Z.6
  • 22
    • 79957657016 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased hippocampal default mode synchronization during rest in middle-aged and elderly APOE ε4 carriers: relationships with memory performance
    • [22] Westlye, E.T., Lundervold, A., Rootwelt, H., Lundervold, A.J., Westlye, L.T., Increased hippocampal default mode synchronization during rest in middle-aged and elderly APOE ε4 carriers: relationships with memory performance. J Neurosci 31 (2011), 7775–7783.
    • (2011) J Neurosci , vol.31 , pp. 7775-7783
    • Westlye, E.T.1    Lundervold, A.2    Rootwelt, H.3    Lundervold, A.J.4    Westlye, L.T.5
  • 23
    • 84889589925 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Amyloid burden and neural function in people at risk for Alzheimer's Disease
    • [23] Johnson, S.C., Christian, B.T., Okonkwo, O.C., Oh, J.M., Harding, S., Xu, G., et al. Amyloid burden and neural function in people at risk for Alzheimer's Disease. Neurobiol Aging 35 (2014), 576–584.
    • (2014) Neurobiol Aging , vol.35 , pp. 576-584
    • Johnson, S.C.1    Christian, B.T.2    Okonkwo, O.C.3    Oh, J.M.4    Harding, S.5    Xu, G.6
  • 24
    • 84856883014 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subjective cognition and amyloid deposition imaging: a Pittsburgh Compound B positron emission tomography study in normal elderly individuals
    • [24] Perrotin, A., Mormino, E.C., Madison, C.M., Hayenga, A.O., Jagust, W.J., Subjective cognition and amyloid deposition imaging: a Pittsburgh Compound B positron emission tomography study in normal elderly individuals. Arch Neurol 69 (2012), 223–229.
    • (2012) Arch Neurol , vol.69 , pp. 223-229
    • Perrotin, A.1    Mormino, E.C.2    Madison, C.M.3    Hayenga, A.O.4    Jagust, W.J.5
  • 25
    • 84923032754 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brain amyloid-beta burden is associated with disruption of intrinsic functional connectivity within the medial temporal lobe in cognitively normal elderly
    • [25] Song, Z., Insel, P.S., Buckley, S., Yohannes, S., Mezher, A., Simonson, A., et al. Brain amyloid-beta burden is associated with disruption of intrinsic functional connectivity within the medial temporal lobe in cognitively normal elderly. J Neurosci 35 (2015), 3240–3247.
    • (2015) J Neurosci , vol.35 , pp. 3240-3247
    • Song, Z.1    Insel, P.S.2    Buckley, S.3    Yohannes, S.4    Mezher, A.5    Simonson, A.6
  • 26
    • 84938686236 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Amyloid burden, cortical thickness, and cognitive function in the Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer's Prevention
    • [26] Doherty, B.M., Schultz, S.A., Oh, J.M., Koscik, R.L., Dowling, N.M., Barnhart, T.E., et al. Amyloid burden, cortical thickness, and cognitive function in the Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer's Prevention. Alzheimers Dement (Amst) 1 (2015), 160–169.
    • (2015) Alzheimers Dement (Amst) , vol.1 , pp. 160-169
    • Doherty, B.M.1    Schultz, S.A.2    Oh, J.M.3    Koscik, R.L.4    Dowling, N.M.5    Barnhart, T.E.6
  • 27
    • 84866300870 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subjective cognitive complaints and amyloid burden in cognitively normal older individuals
    • [27] Amariglio, R.E., Becker, J.A., Carmasin, J., Wadsworth, L.P., Lorius, N., Sullivan, C., et al. Subjective cognitive complaints and amyloid burden in cognitively normal older individuals. Neuropsychologia 50 (2012), 2880–2886.
    • (2012) Neuropsychologia , vol.50 , pp. 2880-2886
    • Amariglio, R.E.1    Becker, J.A.2    Carmasin, J.3    Wadsworth, L.P.4    Lorius, N.5    Sullivan, C.6
  • 28
    • 84871195205 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Amyloid-beta assessed by florbetapir F 18 PET and 18-month cognitive decline: a multicenter study
    • [28] Doraiswamy, P.M., Sperling, R.A., Coleman, R.E., Johnson, K.A., Reiman, E.M., Davis, M.D., et al. Amyloid-beta assessed by florbetapir F 18 PET and 18-month cognitive decline: a multicenter study. Neurology 79 (2012), 1636–1644.
    • (2012) Neurology , vol.79 , pp. 1636-1644
    • Doraiswamy, P.M.1    Sperling, R.A.2    Coleman, R.E.3    Johnson, K.A.4    Reiman, E.M.5    Davis, M.D.6
  • 29
    • 84870503989 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Amyloid deposition detected with florbetapir F 18 ((18)F-AV-45) is related to lower episodic memory performance in clinically normal older individuals
    • [29] Sperling, R.A., Johnson, K.A., Doraiswamy, P.M., Reiman, E.M., Fleisher, A.S., Sabbagh, M.N., et al. Amyloid deposition detected with florbetapir F 18 ((18)F-AV-45) is related to lower episodic memory performance in clinically normal older individuals. Neurobiol Aging 34 (2013), 822–831.
    • (2013) Neurobiol Aging , vol.34 , pp. 822-831
    • Sperling, R.A.1    Johnson, K.A.2    Doraiswamy, P.M.3    Reiman, E.M.4    Fleisher, A.S.5    Sabbagh, M.N.6
  • 30
    • 84892765470 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of amyloid on memory and non-memory decline from preclinical to clinical Alzheimer's disease
    • [30] Lim, Y.Y., Maruff, P., Pietrzak, R.H., Ames, D., Ellis, K.A., Harrington, K., et al. Effect of amyloid on memory and non-memory decline from preclinical to clinical Alzheimer's disease. Brain 137 (2014), 221–231.
    • (2014) Brain , vol.137 , pp. 221-231
    • Lim, Y.Y.1    Maruff, P.2    Pietrzak, R.H.3    Ames, D.4    Ellis, K.A.5    Harrington, K.6
  • 31
    • 84923540976 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • APOE epsilon4 moderates amyloid-related memory decline in preclinical Alzheimer's disease
    • [31] Lim, Y.Y., Villemagne, V.L., Pietrzak, R.H., Ames, D., Ellis, K.A., Harrington, K., et al. APOE epsilon4 moderates amyloid-related memory decline in preclinical Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 36 (2015), 1239–1244.
    • (2015) Neurobiol Aging , vol.36 , pp. 1239-1244
    • Lim, Y.Y.1    Villemagne, V.L.2    Pietrzak, R.H.3    Ames, D.4    Ellis, K.A.5    Harrington, K.6
  • 32
    • 84902162274 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Amyloid and APOE epsilon4 interact to influence short-term decline in preclinical Alzheimer disease
    • [32] Mormino, E.C., Betensky, R.A., Hedden, T., Schultz, A.P., Ward, A., Huijbers, W., et al. Amyloid and APOE epsilon4 interact to influence short-term decline in preclinical Alzheimer disease. Neurology 82 (2014), 1760–1767.
    • (2014) Neurology , vol.82 , pp. 1760-1767
    • Mormino, E.C.1    Betensky, R.A.2    Hedden, T.3    Schultz, A.P.4    Ward, A.5    Huijbers, W.6
  • 33
    • 84925378753 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Amyloid-beta, anxiety, and cognitive decline in preclinical Alzheimer disease: a multicenter, prospective cohort study
    • [33] Pietrzak, R.H., Lim, Y.Y., Neumeister, A., Ames, D., Ellis, K.A., Harrington, K., et al. Amyloid-beta, anxiety, and cognitive decline in preclinical Alzheimer disease: a multicenter, prospective cohort study. JAMA Psychiatry 72 (2015), 284–291.
    • (2015) JAMA Psychiatry , vol.72 , pp. 284-291
    • Pietrzak, R.H.1    Lim, Y.Y.2    Neumeister, A.3    Ames, D.4    Ellis, K.A.5    Harrington, K.6
  • 34
    • 84879122146 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Amyloid imaging and CSF biomarkers in predicting cognitive impairment up to 7.5 years later
    • [34] Roe, C.M., Fagan, A.M., Grant, E.A., Hassenstab, J., Moulder, K.L., Maue Dreyfus, D., et al. Amyloid imaging and CSF biomarkers in predicting cognitive impairment up to 7.5 years later. Neurology 80 (2013), 1784–1791.
    • (2013) Neurology , vol.80 , pp. 1784-1791
    • Roe, C.M.1    Fagan, A.M.2    Grant, E.A.3    Hassenstab, J.4    Moulder, K.L.5    Maue Dreyfus, D.6
  • 36
    • 84875250937 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Amyloid beta deposition, neurodegeneration, and cognitive decline in sporadic Alzheimer's disease: a prospective cohort study
    • [36] Villemagne, V.L., Burnham, S., Bourgeat, P., Brown, B., Ellis, K.A., Salvado, O., et al. Amyloid beta deposition, neurodegeneration, and cognitive decline in sporadic Alzheimer's disease: a prospective cohort study. Lancet Neurol 12 (2013), 357–367.
    • (2013) Lancet Neurol , vol.12 , pp. 357-367
    • Villemagne, V.L.1    Burnham, S.2    Bourgeat, P.3    Brown, B.4    Ellis, K.A.5    Salvado, O.6
  • 37
    • 84884135317 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Memory decline shows stronger associations with estimated spatial patterns of amyloid deposition progression than total amyloid burden
    • [37] Yotter, R.A., Doshi, J., Clark, V., Sojkova, J., Zhou, Y., Wong, D.F., et al. Memory decline shows stronger associations with estimated spatial patterns of amyloid deposition progression than total amyloid burden. Neurobiol Aging 34 (2013), 2835–2842.
    • (2013) Neurobiol Aging , vol.34 , pp. 2835-2842
    • Yotter, R.A.1    Doshi, J.2    Clark, V.3    Sojkova, J.4    Zhou, Y.5    Wong, D.F.6
  • 38
    • 84912143249 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The evolution of preclinical Alzheimer's disease: implications for prevention trials
    • [38] Sperling, R., Mormino, E., Johnson, K., The evolution of preclinical Alzheimer's disease: implications for prevention trials. Neuron 84 (2014), 608–622.
    • (2014) Neuron , vol.84 , pp. 608-622
    • Sperling, R.1    Mormino, E.2    Johnson, K.3
  • 39
    • 84873392475 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decline in cognitive function over 18 months in healthy older adults with high amyloid-beta
    • [39] Ellis, K.A., Lim, Y.Y., Harrington, K., Ames, D., Bush, A.I., Darby, D., et al. Decline in cognitive function over 18 months in healthy older adults with high amyloid-beta. J Alzheimers Dis 34 (2013), 861–871.
    • (2013) J Alzheimers Dis , vol.34 , pp. 861-871
    • Ellis, K.A.1    Lim, Y.Y.2    Harrington, K.3    Ames, D.4    Bush, A.I.5    Darby, D.6
  • 40
    • 84911871391 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Amyloid-beta related memory decline is not associated with subjective or informant rated cognitive impairment in healthy adults
    • [40] Hollands, S., Lim, Y.Y., Buckley, R., Pietrzak, R.H., Snyder, P.J., Ames, D., et al. Amyloid-beta related memory decline is not associated with subjective or informant rated cognitive impairment in healthy adults. J Alzheimers Dis 43 (2015), 677–686.
    • (2015) J Alzheimers Dis , vol.43 , pp. 677-686
    • Hollands, S.1    Lim, Y.Y.2    Buckley, R.3    Pietrzak, R.H.4    Snyder, P.J.5    Ames, D.6
  • 42
    • 84905969638 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The preclinical Alzheimer cognitive composite: measuring amyloid-related decline
    • [42] Donohue, M.C., Sperling, R.A., Salmon, D.P., Rentz, D.M., Raman, R., Thomas, R.G., et al. The preclinical Alzheimer cognitive composite: measuring amyloid-related decline. JAMA Neurol 71 (2014), 961–970.
    • (2014) JAMA Neurol , vol.71 , pp. 961-970
    • Donohue, M.C.1    Sperling, R.A.2    Salmon, D.P.3    Rentz, D.M.4    Raman, R.5    Thomas, R.G.6
  • 44
    • 84927176512 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trajectories of Alzheimer disease-related cognitive measures in a longitudinal sample
    • [44] Bilgel, M., An, Y., Lang, A., Prince, J., Ferrucci, L., Jedynak, B., et al. Trajectories of Alzheimer disease-related cognitive measures in a longitudinal sample. Alzheimers Dement 10 (2014), 735–742.e4.
    • (2014) Alzheimers Dement , vol.10 , pp. 735-742.e4
    • Bilgel, M.1    An, Y.2    Lang, A.3    Prince, J.4    Ferrucci, L.5    Jedynak, B.6
  • 45
    • 34250323065 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuropsychological measures in normal individuals that predict subsequent cognitive decline
    • [45] Blacker, D., Lee, H., Muzikansky, A., Martin, E.C., Tanzi, R., McArdle, J.J., et al. Neuropsychological measures in normal individuals that predict subsequent cognitive decline. Arch Neurol 64 (2007), 862–871.
    • (2007) Arch Neurol , vol.64 , pp. 862-871
    • Blacker, D.1    Lee, H.2    Muzikansky, A.3    Martin, E.C.4    Tanzi, R.5    McArdle, J.J.6
  • 46
    • 79955395618 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Longitudinal modeling of frontal cognition in APOE ɛ4 homozygotes, heterozygotes, and noncarriers
    • [46] Caselli, R.J., Dueck, A.C., Locke, D.E., Hoffman-Snyder, C.R., Woodruff, B.K., Rapcsak, S.Z., et al. Longitudinal modeling of frontal cognition in APOE ɛ4 homozygotes, heterozygotes, and noncarriers. Neurology 76 (2011), 1383–1388.
    • (2011) Neurology , vol.76 , pp. 1383-1388
    • Caselli, R.J.1    Dueck, A.C.2    Locke, D.E.3    Hoffman-Snyder, C.R.4    Woodruff, B.K.5    Rapcsak, S.Z.6
  • 47
    • 0034776532 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patterns of cognitive decline in presymptomatic Alzheimer disease: a prospective community study
    • [47] Chen, P., Ratcliff, G., Belle, S.H., Cauley, J.A., DeKosky, S.T., Ganguli, M., Patterns of cognitive decline in presymptomatic Alzheimer disease: a prospective community study. Arch Gen Psychiatry 58 (2001), 853–858.
    • (2001) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.58 , pp. 853-858
    • Chen, P.1    Ratcliff, G.2    Belle, S.H.3    Cauley, J.A.4    DeKosky, S.T.5    Ganguli, M.6
  • 48
    • 0034660084 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A change point model for estimating the onset of cognitive decline in preclinical Alzheimer's disease
    • [48] Hall, C.B., Lipton, R.B., Sliwinski, M., Stewart, W.F., A change point model for estimating the onset of cognitive decline in preclinical Alzheimer's disease. Stat Med 19 (2000), 1555–1566.
    • (2000) Stat Med , vol.19 , pp. 1555-1566
    • Hall, C.B.1    Lipton, R.B.2    Sliwinski, M.3    Stewart, W.F.4
  • 50
    • 0037211404 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • APOE genotype, memory test performance, and the risk of Alzheimer's disease in the Canadian Study of Health and Aging
    • [50] Klages, J.D., Fisk, J.D., Rockwood, K., APOE genotype, memory test performance, and the risk of Alzheimer's disease in the Canadian Study of Health and Aging. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 15 (2003), 1–5.
    • (2003) Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord , vol.15 , pp. 1-5
    • Klages, J.D.1    Fisk, J.D.2    Rockwood, K.3
  • 52
    • 84963517304 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The clinical picture of Alzheimer's disease in the decade before diagnosis: clinical and biomarker trajectories
    • [52] Ritchie, K., Carriere, I., Berr, C., Amieva, H., Dartigues, J.F., Ancelin, M.L., et al. The clinical picture of Alzheimer's disease in the decade before diagnosis: clinical and biomarker trajectories. J Clin Psychiatry 77 (2016), e305–e311.
    • (2016) J Clin Psychiatry , vol.77 , pp. e305-e311
    • Ritchie, K.1    Carriere, I.2    Berr, C.3    Amieva, H.4    Dartigues, J.F.5    Ancelin, M.L.6
  • 53
    • 84887650863 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age and apolipoprotein E genotype influence rate of cognitive decline in nondemented elderly
    • [53] Salmon, D.P., Ferris, S.H., Thomas, R.G., Sano, M., Cummings, J.L., Sperling, R.A., et al. Age and apolipoprotein E genotype influence rate of cognitive decline in nondemented elderly. Neuropsychology 27 (2013), 391–401.
    • (2013) Neuropsychology , vol.27 , pp. 391-401
    • Salmon, D.P.1    Ferris, S.H.2    Thomas, R.G.3    Sano, M.4    Cummings, J.L.5    Sperling, R.A.6
  • 55
    • 0034719054 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognitive tests that best discriminate between presymptomatic AD and those who remain nondemented
    • [55] Chen, P., Ratcliff, G., Belle, S.H., Cauley, Ja, DeKosky, S.T., Ganguli, M., Cognitive tests that best discriminate between presymptomatic AD and those who remain nondemented. Neurology 55 (2000), 1847–1853.
    • (2000) Neurology , vol.55 , pp. 1847-1853
    • Chen, P.1    Ratcliff, G.2    Belle, S.H.3    Cauley, J.4    DeKosky, S.T.5    Ganguli, M.6
  • 56
    • 0034084815 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The preclinical phase of Alzheimer disease: a 22-year prospective study of the Framingham Cohort
    • [56] Elias, M.F., Beiser, A., Wolf, P.A., Au, R., White, R.F., D'Agostino, R.B., The preclinical phase of Alzheimer disease: a 22-year prospective study of the Framingham Cohort. Arch Neurol 57 (2000), 808–813.
    • (2000) Arch Neurol , vol.57 , pp. 808-813
    • Elias, M.F.1    Beiser, A.2    Wolf, P.A.3    Au, R.4    White, R.F.5    D'Agostino, R.B.6
  • 57
    • 39549112686 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Memory impairment, executive dysfunction, and intellectual decline in preclinical Alzheimer's disease
    • [57] Grober, E., Hall, C.B., Lipton, R.B., Zonderman, A.B., Resnick, S.M., Kawas, C., Memory impairment, executive dysfunction, and intellectual decline in preclinical Alzheimer's disease. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 14 (2008), 266–278.
    • (2008) J Int Neuropsychol Soc , vol.14 , pp. 266-278
    • Grober, E.1    Hall, C.B.2    Lipton, R.B.3    Zonderman, A.B.4    Resnick, S.M.5    Kawas, C.6
  • 58
    • 0036260556 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Change in cognitive functioning associated with ApoE genotype in a community sample of older adults
    • [58] Hofer, S.M., Christensen, H., Mackinnon, A.J., Korten, A.E., Jorm, A.F., Henderson, A.S., et al. Change in cognitive functioning associated with ApoE genotype in a community sample of older adults. Psychol Aging 17 (2002), 194–208.
    • (2002) Psychol Aging , vol.17 , pp. 194-208
    • Hofer, S.M.1    Christensen, H.2    Mackinnon, A.J.3    Korten, A.E.4    Jorm, A.F.5    Henderson, A.S.6
  • 60
    • 0034974216 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Memory performance in healthy elderly without Alzheimer's disease: effects of time and apolipoprotein-E
    • [60] Mayeux, R., Small, S.A., Tang, M.X., Tycko, B., Stern, Y., Memory performance in healthy elderly without Alzheimer's disease: effects of time and apolipoprotein-E. Neurobiol Aging 22 (2001), 683–689.
    • (2001) Neurobiol Aging , vol.22 , pp. 683-689
    • Mayeux, R.1    Small, S.A.2    Tang, M.X.3    Tycko, B.4    Stern, Y.5
  • 61
    • 18744394346 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The 9 year cognitive decline before dementia of the Alzheimer type: a prospective population-based study
    • [61] Amieva, H., Jacqmin-Gadda, H., Orgogozo, J.M., Le Carret, N., Helmer, C., Letenneur, L., et al. The 9 year cognitive decline before dementia of the Alzheimer type: a prospective population-based study. Brain 128 (2005), 1093–1101.
    • (2005) Brain , vol.128 , pp. 1093-1101
    • Amieva, H.1    Jacqmin-Gadda, H.2    Orgogozo, J.M.3    Le Carret, N.4    Helmer, C.5    Letenneur, L.6
  • 62
    • 70350437987 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Longitudinal study of the transition from healthy aging to Alzheimer disease
    • [62] Johnson, D.K., Storandt, M., Morris, J.C., Galvin, J.E., Longitudinal study of the transition from healthy aging to Alzheimer disease. Arch Neurol 66 (2009), 1254–1259.
    • (2009) Arch Neurol , vol.66 , pp. 1254-1259
    • Johnson, D.K.1    Storandt, M.2    Morris, J.C.3    Galvin, J.E.4
  • 63
    • 11144302567 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preclinical Alzheimer disease: neuropsychological test performance 1.5 to 8 years prior to onset
    • [63] Saxton, J., Lopez, O.L., Ratcliff, G., Dulberg, C., Fried, L.P., Carlson, M.C., et al. Preclinical Alzheimer disease: neuropsychological test performance 1.5 to 8 years prior to onset. Neurology 63 (2004), 2341–2347.
    • (2004) Neurology , vol.63 , pp. 2341-2347
    • Saxton, J.1    Lopez, O.L.2    Ratcliff, G.3    Dulberg, C.4    Fried, L.P.5    Carlson, M.C.6
  • 65
    • 0035956514 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Memory complaints and APOE-epsilon4 accelerate cognitive decline in cognitively normal elderly
    • [65] Dik, M.G., Jonker, C., Comijs, H.C., Bouter, L.M., Twisk, J.W., van Kamp, G.J., et al. Memory complaints and APOE-epsilon4 accelerate cognitive decline in cognitively normal elderly. Neurology 57 (2001), 2217–2222.
    • (2001) Neurology , vol.57 , pp. 2217-2222
    • Dik, M.G.1    Jonker, C.2    Comijs, H.C.3    Bouter, L.M.4    Twisk, J.W.5    van Kamp, G.J.6
  • 66
    • 0037426289 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of APOE-epsilon4 in longitudinal cognitive decline: MacArthur Studies of Successful Aging
    • [66] Bretsky, P., Guralnik, J.M., Launer, L., Albert, M., Seeman, T.E., The role of APOE-epsilon4 in longitudinal cognitive decline: MacArthur Studies of Successful Aging. Neurology 60 (2003), 1077–1081.
    • (2003) Neurology , vol.60 , pp. 1077-1081
    • Bretsky, P.1    Guralnik, J.M.2    Launer, L.3    Albert, M.4    Seeman, T.E.5
  • 67
    • 33749150163 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Staging of Alzheimer disease-associated neurofibrillary pathology using paraffin sections and immunocytochemistry
    • [67] Braak, H., Alafuzoff, I., Arzberger, T., Kretzschmar, H., Del Tredici, K., Staging of Alzheimer disease-associated neurofibrillary pathology using paraffin sections and immunocytochemistry. Acta Neuropathol 112 (2006), 389–404.
    • (2006) Acta Neuropathol , vol.112 , pp. 389-404
    • Braak, H.1    Alafuzoff, I.2    Arzberger, T.3    Kretzschmar, H.4    Del Tredici, K.5
  • 68
    • 84875341107 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distinct neuroanatomical bases of episodic and semantic memory performance in Alzheimer's disease
    • [68] Hirni, D.I., Kivisaari, S.L., Monsch, A.U., Taylor, K.I., Distinct neuroanatomical bases of episodic and semantic memory performance in Alzheimer's disease. Neuropsychologia 51 (2013), 930–937.
    • (2013) Neuropsychologia , vol.51 , pp. 930-937
    • Hirni, D.I.1    Kivisaari, S.L.2    Monsch, A.U.3    Taylor, K.I.4
  • 70
    • 84871728503 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Medial perirhinal cortex disambiguates confusable objects
    • [70] Kivisaari, S.L., Tyler, L.K., Monsch, A.U., Taylor, K.I., Medial perirhinal cortex disambiguates confusable objects. Brain 135 (2012), 3757–3769.
    • (2012) Brain , vol.135 , pp. 3757-3769
    • Kivisaari, S.L.1    Tyler, L.K.2    Monsch, A.U.3    Taylor, K.I.4
  • 71
    • 84905867828 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuropsychological changes in asymptomatic persons with Alzheimer disease neuropathology
    • [71] Monsell, S.E., Mock, C., Hassenstab, J., Roe, C.M., Cairns, N.J., Morris, J.C., et al. Neuropsychological changes in asymptomatic persons with Alzheimer disease neuropathology. Neurology 83 (2014), 434–440.
    • (2014) Neurology , vol.83 , pp. 434-440
    • Monsell, S.E.1    Mock, C.2    Hassenstab, J.3    Roe, C.M.4    Cairns, N.J.5    Morris, J.C.6
  • 72
    • 84944529208 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognitive impairment 18 years before clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer disease dementia
    • [72] Rajan, K.B., Wilson, R.S., Weuve, J., Barnes, L.L., Evans, D.A., Cognitive impairment 18 years before clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer disease dementia. Neurology 85 (2015), 898–904.
    • (2015) Neurology , vol.85 , pp. 898-904
    • Rajan, K.B.1    Wilson, R.S.2    Weuve, J.3    Barnes, L.L.4    Evans, D.A.5
  • 73
    • 19844363774 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Attention and executive control predict Alzheimer disease in late life: results from the Berlin Aging Study (BASE)
    • [73] Rapp, M.A., Reischies, F.M., Attention and executive control predict Alzheimer disease in late life: results from the Berlin Aging Study (BASE). Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 13 (2005), 134–141.
    • (2005) Am J Geriatr Psychiatry , vol.13 , pp. 134-141
    • Rapp, M.A.1    Reischies, F.M.2
  • 74
    • 0037969946 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of prefrontal cortex in working-memory capacity, executive attention, and general fluid intelligence: an individual-differences perspective
    • [74] Kane, M.J., Engle, R.W., The role of prefrontal cortex in working-memory capacity, executive attention, and general fluid intelligence: an individual-differences perspective. Psychon Bull Rev 9 (2002), 637–671.
    • (2002) Psychon Bull Rev , vol.9 , pp. 637-671
    • Kane, M.J.1    Engle, R.W.2
  • 75
    • 79952590449 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognitive decline in prodromal alzheimer disease and mild cognitive impairment
    • [75] Wilson, R.S., Leurgans, S.E., Boyle, P.A., Bennett, D.A., Cognitive decline in prodromal alzheimer disease and mild cognitive impairment. Arch Neurol 68 (2011), 351–356.
    • (2011) Arch Neurol , vol.68 , pp. 351-356
    • Wilson, R.S.1    Leurgans, S.E.2    Boyle, P.A.3    Bennett, D.A.4
  • 76
    • 5344271854 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Memory and executive function in aging and ad: Multiple factors that cause decline and reserve factors that compensate
    • [76] Buckner, R.L., Memory and executive function in aging and ad: Multiple factors that cause decline and reserve factors that compensate. Neuron 44 (2004), 195–208.
    • (2004) Neuron , vol.44 , pp. 195-208
    • Buckner, R.L.1
  • 77
    • 84872698204 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vulnerable neural systems and the borderland of brain aging and neurodegeneration
    • [77] Jagust, W., Vulnerable neural systems and the borderland of brain aging and neurodegeneration. Neuron 77 (2013), 219–234.
    • (2013) Neuron , vol.77 , pp. 219-234
    • Jagust, W.1
  • 78
    • 84866656779 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuropsychological features of mild cognitive impairment and preclinical Alzheimer's disease
    • [78] Salmon, D.P., Neuropsychological features of mild cognitive impairment and preclinical Alzheimer's disease. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 10 (2012), 187–212.
    • (2012) Curr Top Behav Neurosci , vol.10 , pp. 187-212
    • Salmon, D.P.1
  • 79
    • 33749146976 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuropsychological and neuroimaging changes in preclinical Alzheimer's disease
    • [79] Twamley, E.W., Ropacki, S.A., Bondi, M.W., Neuropsychological and neuroimaging changes in preclinical Alzheimer's disease. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 12 (2006), 707–735.
    • (2006) J Int Neuropsychol Soc , vol.12 , pp. 707-735
    • Twamley, E.W.1    Ropacki, S.A.2    Bondi, M.W.3
  • 80
    • 84927175617 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An empirically derived composite cognitive test score with improved power to track and evaluate treatments for preclinical Alzheimer's disease
    • [80] Langbaum, J.B., Hendrix, S.B., Ayutyanont, N., Chen, K., Fleisher, A.S., Shah, R.C., et al. An empirically derived composite cognitive test score with improved power to track and evaluate treatments for preclinical Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement 10 (2014), 666–674.
    • (2014) Alzheimers Dement , vol.10 , pp. 666-674
    • Langbaum, J.B.1    Hendrix, S.B.2    Ayutyanont, N.3    Chen, K.4    Fleisher, A.S.5    Shah, R.C.6
  • 82
    • 84875514732 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulatory Innovation and Drug Development for Early-Stage Alzheimer's Disease
    • [82] Kozauer, N., Katz, R., Regulatory Innovation and Drug Development for Early-Stage Alzheimer's Disease. N Engl J Med 368 (2013), 1169–1171.
    • (2013) N Engl J Med , vol.368 , pp. 1169-1171
    • Kozauer, N.1    Katz, R.2
  • 83
    • 84890205973 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS): Utility in detection and characterization of mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer's disease
    • [83] Karantzoulis, S., Novitski, J., Gold, M., Randolph, C., The Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS): Utility in detection and characterization of mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer's disease. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 28 (2013), 837–844.
    • (2013) Arch Clin Neuropsychol , vol.28 , pp. 837-844
    • Karantzoulis, S.1    Novitski, J.2    Gold, M.3    Randolph, C.4
  • 84
    • 84862767786 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An operational approach to National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer's Association criteria for preclinical Alzheimer disease
    • [84] Jack, C.R. Jr., Knopman, D.S., Weigand, S.D., Wiste, H.J., Vemuri, P., Lowe, V., et al. An operational approach to National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer's Association criteria for preclinical Alzheimer disease. Ann Neurol 71 (2012), 765–775.
    • (2012) Ann Neurol , vol.71 , pp. 765-775
    • Jack, C.R.1    Knopman, D.S.2    Weigand, S.D.3    Wiste, H.J.4    Vemuri, P.5    Lowe, V.6
  • 85
    • 84940957388 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disruption of cholinergic neurotransmission exacerbates Abeta-related cognitive impairment in preclinical Alzheimer's disease
    • [85] Lim, Y.Y., Maruff, P., Schindler, R., Ott, B.R., Salloway, S., Yoo, D.C., et al. Disruption of cholinergic neurotransmission exacerbates Abeta-related cognitive impairment in preclinical Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 36 (2015), 2709–2715.
    • (2015) Neurobiol Aging , vol.36 , pp. 2709-2715
    • Lim, Y.Y.1    Maruff, P.2    Schindler, R.3    Ott, B.R.4    Salloway, S.5    Yoo, D.C.6
  • 86
    • 84897513537 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microdosing of scopolamine as a “cognitive stress test”: rationale and test of a very low dose in an at-risk cohort of older adults
    • [86] Snyder, P.J., Lim, Y.Y., Schindler, R., Ott, B.R., Salloway, S., Daiello, L., et al. Microdosing of scopolamine as a “cognitive stress test”: rationale and test of a very low dose in an at-risk cohort of older adults. Alzheimers Dement 10 (2014), 262–267.
    • (2014) Alzheimers Dement , vol.10 , pp. 262-267
    • Snyder, P.J.1    Lim, Y.Y.2    Schindler, R.3    Ott, B.R.4    Salloway, S.5    Daiello, L.6
  • 87
    • 84994908274 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A novel cognitive stress test for the detection of preclinical alzheimer disease: discriminative properties and relation to amyloid load
    • [87] Loewenstein, D.A., Curiel, R.E., Greig, M.T., Bauer, R.M., Rosado, M., Bowers, D., et al. A novel cognitive stress test for the detection of preclinical alzheimer disease: discriminative properties and relation to amyloid load. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 24 (2016), 804–813.
    • (2016) Am J Geriatr Psychiatry , vol.24 , pp. 804-813
    • Loewenstein, D.A.1    Curiel, R.E.2    Greig, M.T.3    Bauer, R.M.4    Rosado, M.5    Bowers, D.6
  • 88
    • 83655161357 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hippocampal subregions are differentially affected in the progression to Alzheimer's disease
    • [88] Greene, S.J., Killiany, R.J., Hippocampal subregions are differentially affected in the progression to Alzheimer's disease. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 295 (2012), 132–140.
    • (2012) Anat Rec (Hoboken) , vol.295 , pp. 132-140
    • Greene, S.J.1    Killiany, R.J.2
  • 89
    • 77249174210 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hippocampal region-specific contributions to memory performance in normal elderly
    • [89] Chen, K.H., Chuah, L.Y., Sim, S.K., Chee, M.W., Hippocampal region-specific contributions to memory performance in normal elderly. Brain Cogn 72 (2010), 400–407.
    • (2010) Brain Cogn , vol.72 , pp. 400-407
    • Chen, K.H.1    Chuah, L.Y.2    Sim, S.K.3    Chee, M.W.4
  • 90
    • 0344874590 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Retrosplenial cortex (BA 29/30) hypometabolism in mild cognitive impairment (prodromal Alzheimer's disease)
    • [90] Nestor, P.J., Fryer, T.D., Ikeda, M., Hodges, J.R., Retrosplenial cortex (BA 29/30) hypometabolism in mild cognitive impairment (prodromal Alzheimer's disease). Eur J Neurosci 18 (2003), 2663–2667.
    • (2003) Eur J Neurosci , vol.18 , pp. 2663-2667
    • Nestor, P.J.1    Fryer, T.D.2    Ikeda, M.3    Hodges, J.R.4
  • 91
    • 34248579291 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Imaging beta-amyloid burden in aging and dementia
    • [91] Rowe, C.C., Ng, S., Ackermann, U., Gong, S.J., Pike, K., Savage, G., et al. Imaging beta-amyloid burden in aging and dementia. Neurology 68 (2007), 1718–1725.
    • (2007) Neurology , vol.68 , pp. 1718-1725
    • Rowe, C.C.1    Ng, S.2    Ackermann, U.3    Gong, S.J.4    Pike, K.5    Savage, G.6
  • 93
    • 84902476602 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of egocentric and allocentric abilities in Alzheimer's disease: a systematic review
    • [93] Serino, S., Cipresso, P., Morganti, F., Riva, G., The role of egocentric and allocentric abilities in Alzheimer's disease: a systematic review. Ageing Res Rev 16 (2014), 32–44.
    • (2014) Ageing Res Rev , vol.16 , pp. 32-44
    • Serino, S.1    Cipresso, P.2    Morganti, F.3    Riva, G.4
  • 94
    • 84857703806 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preclinical cognitive trajectories differ for Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia
    • [94] Laukka, E.J., Macdonald, S.W., Fratiglioni, L., Bäckman, L., Preclinical cognitive trajectories differ for Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 18 (2012), 191–199.
    • (2012) J Int Neuropsychol Soc , vol.18 , pp. 191-199
    • Laukka, E.J.1    Macdonald, S.W.2    Fratiglioni, L.3    Bäckman, L.4
  • 95
    • 80052851449 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prediction of preclinical Alzheimer's disease: longitudinal rates of change in cognition
    • [95] Riley, K.P., Jicha, G.A., Davis, D., Abner, E.L., Cooper, G.E., Stiles, N., et al. Prediction of preclinical Alzheimer's disease: longitudinal rates of change in cognition. J Alzheimers Dis 25 (2011), 707–717.
    • (2011) J Alzheimers Dis , vol.25 , pp. 707-717
    • Riley, K.P.1    Jicha, G.A.2    Davis, D.3    Abner, E.L.4    Cooper, G.E.5    Stiles, N.6


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.