Is late-onset Alzheimer's disease really a disease of midlife?

Alzheimer's and Dementia: Translational Research and Clinical Interventions

Volumn 1, Issue 2, 2015, Pages 122-130

  Ritchie, Karen ^a,b   Ritchie, Craig W ^c,d   Jaffe, Kristine ^e   Skoog, Ingmar ^f   Scarmeas, Nikolaos ^g,h  

^a INSERM   (France)

^b UNIV MONTPELLIER   (France)

^c IMPERIAL COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^d UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH   (United Kingdom)

^e UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^f UNIVERSITY OF GOTHENBURG   (Sweden)

^g UNIVERSITY OF ATHENS   (Greece)

^h Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons   (United States)

Author keywords

Alzheimer's disease; Dementia; Intervention; Risk factors

Indexed keywords

BIOLOGICAL MARKER;

AGING; ALZHEIMER DISEASE; ARTICLE; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; CLINICAL RESEARCH; COGNITION; COGNITIVE DEFECT; DEMENTIA; DISEASE COURSE; FAMILY HISTORY; HIGH RISK PATIENT; HUMAN; POPULATION RESEARCH; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RISK FACTOR; SECONDARY PREVENTION;

EID: 84944222864     PISSN: None     EISSN: 23528737     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.trci.2015.06.004     Document Type: Review

References (65)

1. K. Ritchie, I. Carrière, C.W. Ritchie, C. Berr, S. Artero, and M.L. Ancelin Can we design prevention programs to reduce dementia incidence? A prospective study of modifiable risk factors BMJ 341 2010 3885 3892
2. S. Norton, F.E. Matthews, D.E. Barnes, K. Yaffe, and C. Brayne Potential for primary prevention of Alzheimer's disease: An analysis of population-based data Lancet Neurol 13 2014 788 794
3. C.R. Jack, D.S. Knopman, W.J. Jagust, L.M. Shaw, P.S. Aisen, M.W. Weiner, and et al. Hypothetical model of dynamic biomarkers of the Alzheimer's pathological cascade Lancet Neurol 9 2010 119 128
4. C.R. Jack Jr., D.S. Knopman, W.J. Jagust, R.C. Petersen, M.W. Weiner, P.S. Aisen, and et al. Tracking pathophysiological processes in Alzheimer's disease: An updated hypothetical model of dynamic biomarkers Lancet Neurol 12 2013 207 216
5. D.A. Snowdon, L.H. Greiner, and W.R. Markesbery Linguistic ability in early life and the neuropathology of Alzheimer's disease and cerebrovascular disease. Findings from the Nun Study Ann N Y Acad Sci 903 2000 34 38
6. M. Richards, B. Shipley, R. Fuhrer, and M.E. Wadsworth Cognitive ability in childhood and cognitive decline in mid-life: Longitudinal birth cohort study BMJ 328 2004 552
7. L.J. Whalley, J.M. Starr, R. Athawes, D. Hunter, A. Pattie, and I.J. Deary Childhood mental ability and dementia Neurology 55 2000 1455 1459
8. B. McGurn, I.J. Deary, and J.M. Starr Childhood cognitive ability and risk of late-onset Alzheimer and vascular dementia Neurology 71 2008 1051 1056
9. N. Scarmeas, and Y. Stern Imaging studies and APOE genotype in persons at risk for Alzheimer's disease Curr Psychiatry Rep 8 2006 11 17
10. E.M. Reiman, K. Chen, G.E. Alexander, R.J. Caselli, D. Bandy, D. Osborne, and et al. Correlations between apolipoprotein E epsilon4 gene dose and brain-imaging measurements of regional hypometabolism Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 102 2005 8299 8302
11. E.M. Reiman, K. Chen, G.E. Alexander, R.J. Caselli, D. Bandy, D. Osborne, and et al. Functional brain abnormalities in young adults at genetic risk for late-onset Alzheimer's dementia Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 101 2004 284 289
12. N. Scarmeas, C.G. Habeck, Y. Stern, and K.E. Anderson APOE genotype and cerebral blood flow in healthy young individuals JAMA 290 2003 1581 1582
13. D.C. Dean 3rd, B.A. Jerskey, K. Chen, H. Protas, P. Thiyyagura, A. Roontiva, and et al. Brain differences in infants at differential genetic risk for late-onset Alzheimer disease: A cross-sectional imaging study JAMA Neurol 71 2014 11 22
14. V.L. Villemagne, S. Burnham, P. Bourgeat, B. Brown, K.A. Ellis, O. Salvado, and et al. Amyloid beta deposition, neurodegeneration, and cognitive decline in sporadic Alzheimer's disease: A prospective cohort study Lancet Neurol 12 2013 357 367
15. C.R. Jack Jr., H.J. Wiste, T.G. Lesnick, S.D. Weigand, D.S. Knopman, P. Vemuri, and et al. Brain beta-amyloid load approaches a plateau Neurology 80 2013 890 896
16. H. Braak, D.R. Thal, E. Ghebremedhin, and K. Del Tredici Stages of the pathologic process in Alzheimer disease: Age categories from 1 to 100 years J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 70 2011 960 969
17. A. Baker-Nigh, S. Vahedi, E.G. Davis, S. Weintraub, E.H. Bigio, W.L. Klein, and et al. Neuronal amyloid-beta accumulation within cholinergic basal forebrain in ageing and Alzheimer's disease Brain 138 Pt 6 2015 1722 1737
18. A.S. Fleisher, K. Chen, Y.T. Quiroz, L.J. Jakimovich, M.G. Gomez, C.M. Langois, and et al. Florbetapir PET analysis of amyloid-beta deposition in the presenilin 1 E280A autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease kindred: A cross-sectional study Lancet Neurol 1112 2012 1057 1065
19. E.M. Reiman, Y.T. Quiroz, A.S. Fleisher, K. Chen, C. Velez-Pardo, M. Jimenez-Del-Rio, and et al. Brain imaging and fluid biomarker analysis in young adults at genetic risk for autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease in the presenilin 1 E280A kindred: A case-control study Lancet Neurol 1112 2012 1048 1056
20. R.J. Bateman, C. Xiong, T.L. Benzinger, A.M. Fagan, A. Goate, N.C. Fox, and et al. Clinical and biomarker changes in dominantly inherited Alzheimer's disease N Engl J Med 367 2012 795 804
21. A.M. Fagan, C. Xiong, M.S. Jasielec, R.J. Bateman, A.M. Goate, T.L. Benzinger, and et al. Longitudinal change in CSF biomarkers in autosomal-dominant Alzheimer's disease Sci Transl Med 6 2014 226 230
22. E. Joas, K. Bäckman, D. Gustafson, S. Östling, M. Waern, X. Guo, and et al. Trajectories of blood pressure from mid- to late-life in relation to dementia in women followed for 37 years Hypertension 59 2012 796 801
23. L. Johansson, X. Guo, P.R. Duberstein, T. Hällström, M. Waern, S. Östling, and et al. Midlife personality and risk of Alzheimer's disease and distress: A 38 year follow-up Neurology 83 2014 1538 1544
24. L. Johansson, X. Guo, M. Waern, S. Östling, D. Gustafson, C. Bengtsson, and et al. Mid-life psychological stress and risk of dementia: A 35-year longitudinal population study Brain 133 2010 2217 2224
25. L. Johansson, X. Guo, T. Hällström, M.C. Norton, M. Waern, S. Östling, and et al. Common psychosocial stressors in middle-aged women related to longstanding distress and increased risk of Alzheimer's disease: A 38 year follow-up study BMJ Open 3 2013 e003142
26. X. Guo, M. Waern, K. Sjögren, L. Lissner, C. Bengtsson, C. Björkelund, and et al. Midlife lung function and incidence of Alzheimer's disease: A 29-year longitudinal study in women Neurobiol Aging 28 2007 343 350
27. R. Stewart, M. Hakeberg, U. Stenman, C. Hägglin, D. Gustafson, and I. Skoog Associations between oral health and risk of dementia in a 37 year follow-up study: The prospective population study of women in Gothenburg J Am Geriatr Soc 63 2015 100 105
28. K. Mehlig, I. Skoog, M. Waern, J. Miao Jonasson, L. Lapidus, C. Björkelund, and et al. Physical activity, weight status, diabetes and dementia: A 34-year follow-up of the population study of women in Gothenburg Neuroepidemiology 42 2014 252 259
29. D. Gustafson, K. Bäckman, M. Waern, S. Östling, X. Guo, P. Zandi, and et al. Adiposity indicators and dementia over 32 years in Sweden Neurology 73 2009 1559 1566
30. K. Mehlig, I. Skoog, X. Guo, M. Schütze, D. Gustafson, M. Waern, and et al. Alcoholic beverages and incidence of dementia: 34-year follow-up of the prospective population study of women in Gothenburg Am J Epidemiol 167 2008 684 691
31. D.E. Zylberstein, L. Lissner, C. Björkelund, K. Mehlig, D.S. Thelle, D. Gustafson, and et al. Midlife homocysteine and late-life dementia. A 35 year follow-up of the prospective population study of women in Gothenburg Neurobiol Aging 32 2011 380 386
32. M.M. Mielke, P.P. Zandi, H. Shao, M. Waern, S. Östling, X. Guo, and et al. The 32-year relationship between cholesterol and dementia from mid- to late-life Neurology 75 2010 1888 1895
33. D.R. Gustafson, K. Bäckman, E. Joas, M. Waern, S. Östling, X. Guo, and et al. A 37-years of body mass index and dementia. Observations from the prospective population study of women in Gothenburg, Sweden J Alzheimers Dis 28 2012 163 167
34. A.M. Tolppanen, A. Solomon, H. Soininen, and M. Kivipelto Midlife vascular risk factors and Alzheimer's disease: Evidence from epidemiological studies J Alzheimers Dis 32 2012 531 540
35. G. Persson, and I. Skoog A prospective population study of psychosocial risk factors for late-onset dementia Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 11 1996 15 22
36. L.V. Kessing Depression and the risk of dementia Curr Opin Psychiatry 25 2012 547 561
37. I. Skoog, P.J. Olesen, K. Blennow, B. Palmertz, S.C. Johnson, and E.D. Bigler Head size may modify the impact of white matter lesions on dementia Neurobiol Aging 33 2012 1186 1193
38. I. Skoog, B. Lernfelt, S. Landahl, B. Palmertz, L.-A. Andreasson, L. Nilsson, and et al. A 15-year longitudinal study on blood pressure and dementia Lancet 347 1996 1141 1145
39. D. Gustafson, E. Rothenberg, K. Blennow, B. Steen, and I. Skoog An 18-year follow-up of overweight and risk of Alzheimer disease Arch Intern Med 163 2003 1524 1528
40. O.C. Okonkwo, S.A. Schultz, J.M. Oh, J. Larson, D. Edwards, D. Cook, and et al. Physical activity attenuates age-related biomarker alterations in preclinical AD Neurology 83 2014 1753 1760
41. D.A. Nation, E.C. Edmonds, K.J. Bangen, L. Delano-Wood, B.K. Scanlon, S.D. Han, et al. Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative Investigators Pulse pressure in relation to tau-mediated neurodegeneration, cerebral amyloidosis, and progression to dementia in very old adults JAMA Neurol 1 2015 546 553
42. H. Petrovitch, L.R. White, G. Izmirilian, G.W. Ross, R.J. Havlik, W. Markesbery, and et al. Midlife blood pressure and neuritic plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and brain weight at death: the HAAS. Honolulu-Asia aging Study Neurobiol Aging 21 2000 57 62
43. D.L. Sparks, S.W. Scheff, H. Liu, T.M. Landers, C.M. Coyne, and J.C. Hunsaker 3rd Increased incidence of neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) in non-demented individuals with hypertension J Neurol Sci 131 1995 162 169
44. N.D. Prins, E.J. van Dijk, T. den Heijer, S.E. Vermeer, P.J. Koudstaal, M. Oudkerk, and et al. Cerebral white matter lesions and the risk of dementia Arch Neurol 61 2004 1531 1534
45. P. Gudmundsson, P.J. Olesen, M. Simoni, L. Pantoni, S. Östling, S. Kern, and et al. White matter lesions and temporal lobe atrophy related to incidence of both dementia and major depression in 70-year-olds followed over 10 years Eur J Neurol 22 2015 781 788
46. X. Guo, L. Pantoni, M. Simoni, C. Bengtsson, C. Björkelund, L. Lissner, and et al. Midlife blood pressure and late-life white matter lesions: The prospective population study of women in Gothenburg, Sweden Hypertension 54 2009 57 62
47. M.I. Kester, J.D. Goos, C.E. Teunissen, M.R. Benedictus, F.H. Bouwman, M.P. Wattjes, and et al. Associations between cerebral small-vessel disease and Alzheimer disease pathology as measured by cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers JAMA Neurol 71 2014 855 862
48. C. Iadecola The overlap between neurodegenerative and vascular factors in the pathogenesis of dementia Acta Neuropathol 120 2010 287 296
49. S. Debette, S. Seshadri, A. Beiser, R. Au, J.J. Himali, C. Palumbo, and et al. Midlife vascular risk factor exposure accelerates structural brain aging and cognitive decline Neurology 77 2011 461 468
50. D.S. Knopman, A.D. Penman, D.J. Catellier, L.H. Coker, D.K. Shibata, A.R. Sharrett, and et al. Vascular risk factors and longitudinal changes on brain MRI: The ARIC study Neurology 76 2011 1879 1885
51. A.J. Gow, M.E. Bastin, S. Muñoz Maniega, M.C. Valdés Hernández, Z. Morris, C. Murray, and et al. Neuroprotective lifestyles and the aging brain: Activity, atrophy, and white matter integrity Neurology 79 2012 1802 1808
52. S. Villeneuve, and W.J. Jagust Imaging vascular disease and amyloid in the aging brain: Implications for treatment J Prev Alzheimers Dis 1 2015 64 70
53. R.A. Whitmer, S. Sidney, J. Selby, S.C. Johnston, and K. Yaffe Midlife cardiovascular risk factors and risk of dementia in late life Neurology 64 2005 277 281
54. K. Yaffe, E. Vittinghoff, M.J. Pletcher, T.D. Hoang, L.J. Launer, R. Whitmer, and et al. Early adult to mid-life cardiovascular risk factors and cognitive function Circulation 129 2014 1560 1567
55. D.M. Lloyd-Jones, Y. Hong, D. Labarthe, D. Mozaffarian, L.J. Appel, L. Van Horn, and et al. Defining and setting national goals for cardiovascular health promotion and disease reduction: The American Heart Association's strategic impact goal through 2020 and beyond Circulation 121 2010 586 613
56. J.P. Reis, C.M. Loria, L.J. Launer, S. Sidney, K. Liu, D.R. Jacobs Jr., and et al. Cardiovascular health through young adulthood and cognitive functioning in midlife Ann Neurol 73 2013 170 179
57. J.P. Reis, L.J. Launer, J.G. Terry, C.M. Loria, A. Zeki Al Hazzouri, S. Sidney, and et al. Subclinical atherosclerotic calcification and cognitive functioning in middle-aged adults: The CARDIA study Atherosclerosis 231 2013 72 77
58. N. Zhu, D.R. Jacobs Jr., P.J. Schreiner, K. Yaffe, N. Bryan, L.J. Launer, and et al. Cardiorespiratory fitness and cognitive function in middle age: The CARDIA study Neurology 82 2014 1339 1346
59. L.J. Launer, L.R. White, H. Petrovitch, G.W. Ross, and J.D. Curb Cholesterol and neuropathologic markers of AD: A population-based autopsy study Neurology 57 2001 1447 1452
60. M.A. Pappolla, T.K. Bryant-Thomas, D. Herbert, J. Pacheco, M. Fabra Garcia, M. Manjon, and et al. Neurology 61 2003 199 205
61. C.W. Ritchie, and K. Ritchie The PREVENT Study: A prospective cohort study to identify mid-life biomarkers of late-onset Alzheimer's disease BMJ Open 2 2012 http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2012-001893
62. T. Ngandu, J. Lehtisalo, A. Solomon, E. Levälahti, S. Ahtiluoto, R. Antikainen, and et al. A 2 year multidomain intervention of diet, exercise, cognitive training and vascular risk monitoring versus control to prevent cognitive decline in at-risk elderly people (FINGER): A randomized controlled trial Lancet 385 2015 2255 2263
63. M.L. Ancelin, and K. Ritchie Lifelong endocrine fluctuations and related cognitive disorders Curr Pharm Des 11 2005 4229 4252
64. C. Ritchie, A.H. Noel-Storr, Y. Takwoingi, L. Flicker, R. McShane, S.E. Mason, and et al. Plasma and CSF A-beta for the longitudinal prediction of Alzheimer's disease dementia and other dementias in people with cognitive decline but no dementia Cochrane Database Syst Rev 6 2014 CD008782
65. S. Zhang, N. Smailagic, C. Hyde, A.H. Noel-Storr, Y. Takwoingi, R. McShane, and et al. (11)C-PIB-PET for the early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease dementia and other dementias in people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) Cochrane Database Syst Rev 7 2014 CD010386