What grades and achievement tests measure

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

Volumn 113, Issue 47, 2016, Pages 13354-13359

  Borghans, Lex ^a   Golsteyn, Bart H H ^a   Heckman, James J ^b,c   Humphries, John Eric ^b  

^a MAASTRICHT UNIVERSITY   (Netherlands)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO   (United States)

^c AMERICAN BAR FOUNDATION   (United States)

Author keywords

Achievement tests; Grades; IQ; Personality traits

Indexed keywords

ACHIEVEMENT TEST; ARTICLE; HUMAN; INTELLIGENCE QUOTIENT; INTELLIGENCE TEST; LOCUS OF CONTROL; PERSONALITY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SELF ESTEEM; SKILL; ACHIEVEMENT; COGNITION; FEMALE; MALE; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TEST; PERSONALITY ASSESSMENT;

ACHIEVEMENT; COGNITION; FEMALE; HUMANS; INTELLIGENCE TESTS; MALE; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS; PERSONALITY; PERSONALITY ASSESSMENT;

EID: 84996554570     PISSN: 00278424     EISSN: 10916490     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1601135113     Document Type: Article

References (36)

1. Nisbett RE (2009) Intelligence and How to Get It: Why Schools and Cultures Count (Norton, New York).
2. Nisbett RE, et al. (2012) Intelligence: New findings and theoretical developments. Am Psychol 67(2):130-159.
3. Lindquist EF (1951) Preliminary considerations in objective test construction. Educational Measurement, ed Lindquist EF (American Council on Education, Washington, DC), pp 119-158.
4. Heckman JJ, Kautz T (2012) Hard evidence on soft skills. Labour Econ 19(4):451-464.
5. Heckman JJ, Kautz T (2014) Fostering and measuring skills: Interventions that improve character and cognition. The Myth of Achievement Tests: The GED and the Role of Character in American Life, eds Heckman JJ, Humphries JE, Kautz T (Univ of Chicago Press, Chicago), pp 341-430.
6. Green DR, ed (1974) The Aptitude-Achievement Distinction: Proceedings of the Second CTB/McGraw-Hill Conference on Issues in Educational Measurement (California Test Bureau/McGraw-Hill, Monterey, CA).
7. Almlund M, Duckworth AL, Heckman JJ, Kautz T (2011) Personality psychology and economics. Handbook of the Economics of Education, eds Hanushek EA, Machin S, Woßmann L (Elsevier, Amsterdam), Vol 4, pp 1-181.
8. Elango S, Hojman A, García JL, Heckman JJ (2016) Early childhood education. Means-Tested Transfer Programs in the United States II, ed Moffitt R (Univ of Chicago Press, Chicago).
9. Anastasi A, Urbina S (1997) Psychological Testing (Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ), 7th Ed.
10. Borghans L, Duckworth AL, Heckman JJ, ter Weel B (2008) The economics and psychology of personality traits. J Hum Resour 43(4):972-1059.
11. Borghans L, Meijers H, ter Weel B (2008) The role of noncognitive skills in explaining cognitive test scores. Econ Inq 46(1):2-12.
12. Herrnstein RJ, Murray CA (1994) The Bell Curve: Intelligence and Class Structure in American Life (Free Press, New York).
13. Murnane RJ, Willett JB, Levy F (1995) The growing importance of cognitive skills in wage determination. Rev Econ Stat 77(2):251-266.
14. Hanushek EA, Woessmann L (2008) The role of cognitive skills in economic development. J Econ Lit 46(3):607-668.
15. Duckworth AL, Quinn PD, Lynam DR, Loeber R, Stouthamer-Loeber M (2011) Role of test motivation in intelligence testing. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 108(19):7716-7720.
16. Borghans L, Heckman JJ, Golsteyn BHH, Meijers H (2009) Gender differences in risk aversion and ambiguity aversion. J Eur Econ Assoc 7(2-3):649-658.
17. Segal C (2012) Working when no one is watching: Motivation, test scores, and economic success. Manage Sci 58(8):1438-1457.
18. Ackerman PL, Heggestad ED (1997) Intelligence, personality, and interests: Evidence for overlapping traits. Psychol Bull 121(2):219-245.
19. Poropat AE (2009) A meta-analysis of the five-factor model of personality and academic performance. Psychol Bull 135(2):322-338.
20. Poropat AE (2014) A meta-analysis of adult-rated child personality and academic performance in primary education. Br J Educ Psychol 84(Pt 2):239-252.
21. Noftle EE, Robins RW (2007) Personality predictors of academic outcomes: Big Five correlates of GPA and SAT scores. J Pers Soc Psychol 93(1):116-130.
22. Barton K, Dielman TE, Cattell RB (1972) Personality and IQ measures as predictors of school achievement. J Educ Psychol 63(4):398-404.
23. Duckworth AL, Carlson SM (2013) Self-regulation and school success. Self-Regulation and Autonomy: Social and Developmental Dimensions of Human Conduct, Jean Piaget Symposium Series, eds Sokol BW, Grouzet FME, Müller U (Cambridge Univ Press, New York), pp 208-230.
24. Duckworth AL, Seligman MEP (2005) Self-discipline outdoes IQ in predicting academic performance of adolescents. Psychol Sci 16(12):939-944.
25. Duckworth AL, Quinn PD, Tsukayama E (2012) What No Child Left Behind leaves behind: The roles of IQ and self-control in predicting standardized achievement test scores and report card grades. J Educ Psychol 104(2):439-451.
26. Borghans L, Golsteyn BHH, Heckman JJ, Humphries JE (2011) Identification problems in personality psychology. Pers Individual Differences 51(3):315-320.
27. Bound J, Brown C, Mathiowetz N (2001) Measurement error in survey data. Handbook of Econometrics, eds Heckman JJ, Leamer EE (Elsevier, Amsterdam), Vol 5, pp 3705-3843.
28. Jackson CK (2016) What do test scores miss? The importance of teacher effects on non-test score outcomes. Working paper (National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA). Available at www.nber.org/papers/w22226.
29. Jencks C, Phillips M, eds (1998) The Black-White Test Score Gap (Brookings Institution Press, Washington, DC).
30. Bertrand M, Goldin C, Katz LF (2010) Dynamics of the gender gap for young professionals in the financial and corporate sectors. Am Econ J Appl Econ 2(3):228-255.
31. Heckman JJ, Mosso S (2014) The economics of human development and social mobility. Annu Rev Econ 6(1):689-733.
32. Kautz T, Heckman JJ, Diris R, ter Weel B, Borghans L (2014) Fostering and Measuring Skills: Improving Cognitive and Non-Cognitive Skills to Promote Lifetime Success. Technical Report (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Paris).
33. Tyler RW (1940) The place of evaluation in modern education. Elem Sch J 41(1):19-27.
34. Madaus GF, Stufflebeam DL, eds (1989) Educational Evaluation: Classic Works of Ralph W. Tyler (Kluwer, Boston).
35. Goldberg LR (1992) The development of markers for the Big-Five factor structure. Psychol Assess 4(1):26-42.
36. Duckworth AL, Peterson C, Matthews MD, Kelly DR (2007) Grit: Perseverance and passion for long-term goals. J Pers Soc Psychol 92(6):1087-1101.