Arsenic exposure and predicted 10-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular risk using the pooled cohort equations in U.S. hypertensive adults

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

Volumn 13, Issue 11, 2016, Pages

  Nong, Qingjiao ^a   Zhang, Yiyi ^b   Guallar, Eliseo ^b   Zhong, Qiuan ^a  

^a GUANGXI MEDICAL UNIVERSITY   (China)

^b JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Arsenic; Cardiovascular disease; Gender difference; Hypertension; Risk assessment

Indexed keywords

ARSENIC; ARSENOBETAINE; CACODYLIC ACID; CREATININE; DRINKING WATER;

ADULT; ARSENIC; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; COHORT ANALYSIS; GENDER; HEALTH RISK; HYPERTENSION; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTOR; URINE;

ADULT; AGE; AGED; ARTICLE; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; CONCENTRATION (PARAMETERS); CONTROLLED STUDY; CREATININE URINE LEVEL; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY; EXPOSURE; FEMALE; FOOD INTAKE; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; PREDICTION; RACE DIFFERENCE; SEA FOOD; SEX DIFFERENCE; URINE LEVEL; ADVERSE EFFECTS; ANALYSIS; CHEMICALLY INDUCED; CHEMISTRY; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; FOOD CONTAMINATION; META ANALYSIS; MIDDLE AGED; NUTRITION; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; RISK ASSESSMENT; STATISTICS AND NUMERICAL DATA; TOXICITY; UNITED STATES; URINE;

UNITED STATES;

ADULT; AGED; ARSENIC; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES; DRINKING WATER; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; FEMALE; FOOD CONTAMINATION; HUMANS; HYPERTENSION; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; NUTRITION SURVEYS; RISK ASSESSMENT; SEAFOOD; UNITED STATES;

EID: 84995481281     PISSN: 16617827     EISSN: 16604601     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13111093     Document Type: Article

References (61)

1. Guidelines for Drinking-Water Quality: Incorporating First and Second Addenda to Third Edition. Vol. 1, Recommendations. Available online: http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/dwq/fulltext.pdf (accessed on 29 March 2016).
2. National Primary Drinking Water Regulations; Arsenic and Clarifications to Compliance and New Source Contaminants Monitoring; Final Rule. Available online: https://www.regulations.gov/document?D=EPA-HQ-OW-2001-0001-0228 (accessed on 20 October 2016).
3. Wang, C.H.; Jeng, J.S.; Yip, P.K.; Chen, C.L.; Hsu, L.I.; Hsueh, Y.M.; Chiou, H.Y.; Wu, M.M.; Chen, C.J. Biological gradient between long-term arsenic exposure and carotid atherosclerosis. Circulation 2002, 105, 1804–1809.
4. Chen, C.J.; Chiou, H.Y.; Chiang, M.H.; Lin, L.J.; Tai, T.Y. Dose-response relationship between ischemic heart disease mortality and long-term arsenic exposure. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 1996, 16, 504–510.
5. Tseng, C.H.; Chong, C.K.; Tseng, C.P.; Hsueh, Y.M.; Chiou, H.Y.; Tseng, C.C.; Chen, C.J. Long-term arsenic exposure and ischemic heart disease in arseniasis-hyperendemic villages in Taiwan. Toxicol. Lett. 2003, 137, 15–21.
6. Chen, Y.; Graziano, J.H.; Parvez, F.; Liu, M.; Slavkovich, V.; Kalra, T.; Argos, M.; Islam, T.; Ahmed, A.; Rakibuz-Zaman, M.; et al. Arsenic exposure from drinking water and mortality from cardiovascular disease in Bangladesh: Prospective cohort study. BMJ 2011, 342, d2431.
7. Sidhu, M.S.; Desai, K.P.; Lynch, H.N.; Rhomberg, L.R.; Beck, B.D.; Venditti, F.J. Mechanisms of action for arsenic in cardiovascular toxicity and implications for risk assessment. Toxicology 2015, 331, 78–99.
8. Zhang, C.; Mao, G.; He, S.; Yang, Z.; Yang, W.; Zhang, X.; Qiu, W.; Ta, N.; Cao, L.; Yang, H.; et al. Relationship between long-term exposure to low-level arsenic in drinking water and the prevalence of abnormal blood pressure. J. Hazard. Mater. 2013, 262, 1154–1158.
9. Abhyankar, L.N.; Jones, M.R.; Guallar, E.; Navas-Acien, A. Arsenic exposure and hypertension: A systematic review. Environ. Health Perspect. 2012, 120, 494–500.
10. Jones, M.R.; Tellez-Plaza, M.; Sharrett, A.R.; Guallar, E.; Navas-Acien, A. Urine arsenic and hypertension in US adults: The 2003–2008 national health and nutrition examination survey. Epidemiology 2011, 22, 153–161.
11. Shiue, I.; Hristova, K. Higher urinary heavy metal, phthalate and arsenic concentrations accounted for 3%–19% of the population attributable risk for high blood pressure: US NHANES, 2009–2012. Hypertens. Res. 2014, 37, 1075–1081.
12. Navas-Acien, A.; Silbergeld, E.K.; Pastor-Barriuso, R.; Guallar, E. Arsenic exposure and prevalence of type 2 diabetes in US adults. JAMA 2008, 300, 814–822.
13. Mendez, M.A.; Gonzalez-Horta, C.; Sanchez-Ramirez, B.; Ballinas-Casarrubias, L.; Ceron, R.H.; Morales, D.V.; Terrazas, F.A.; Ishida, M.C.; Gutierrez-Torres, D.S.; Saunders, R.J. et al. Chronic exposure to arsenic and markers of cardiometabolic risk: A cross-sectional study in Chihuahua, Mexico. Environ. Health Perspect. 2016, 124, 104–111.
14. Wu, F.; Jasmine, F.; Kibriya, M.G.; Liu, M.; Wojcik, O.; Parvez, F.; Rahaman, R.; Roy, S.; Paul-Brutus, R.; Segers, S. et al. Association between arsenic exposure from drinking water and plasma levels of cardiovascular markers. Am. J. Epidemiol. 2012, 175, 1252–1261.
15. Chen, Y.; Wu, F.; Graziano, J.H.; Parvez, F.; Liu, M.; Paul, R.R.; Shaheen, I.; Sarwar, G.; Ahmed, A.; Islam, T. et al. Arsenic exposure from drinking water, arsenic methylation capacity, and carotid intima-media thickness in Bangladesh. Am. J. Epidemiol. 2013, 178, 372–381.
16. Goff, D.C., Jr.; Lloyd-Jones, D.M.; Bennett, G.; Coady, S.; D’Agostino, R.B., Sr.; Gibbons, R.; Greenland, P.; Lackland, D.T.; Levy, D.; O’Donnell, C.J. et al. 2013 ACC/AHA guideline on the assessment of cardiovascular risk: A report of the American college of cardiology/american heart association task force on practice guidelines. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol.2014, 63, 2935–2959.
17. Karmali, K.N.; Goff, D.C., Jr.; Ning, H.; Lloyd-Jones, D.M. A systematic examination of the 2013 ACC/AHA pooled cohort risk assessment tool for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2014, 64, 959–968.
18. Muntner, P.; Colantonio, L.D.; Cushman, M.; Goff, D.C., Jr.; Howard, G.; Howard, V.J.; Kissela, B.; Levitan, E.B.; Lloyd-Jones, D.M.; Safford, M.M. Validation of the atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease pooled cohort risk equations. JAMA 2014, 311, 1406–1415.
19. Kurzius-Spencer, M.; Burgess, J.L.; Harris, R.B.; Hartz, V.; Roberge, J.; Huang, S.; Hsu, C.H.; O’Rourke, M.K. Contribution of diet to aggregate arsenic exposures-an analysis across populations. J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol.2014, 24, 156–162.
20. Aylward, L.L.; Ramasamy, S.; Hays, S.M.; Schoeny, R.; Kirman, C.R. Evaluation of urinary speciated arsenic in NHANES: Issues in interpretation in the context of potential inorganic arsenic exposure. Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol.2014, 69, 49–54.
21. Tsuji, J.S.; Garry, M.R.; Perez, V.; Chang, E.T. Low-level arsenic exposure and developmental neurotoxicity in children: A systematic review and risk assessment. Toxicology 2015, 337, 91–107.
22. NHANES 2003–2004: Laboratory Component: Total Arsenic and Speciated Arsenic. Available online: https://wwwn.cdc.gov/Nchs/Nhanes/2003-2004/L06UAS_C.htm (accessed on 4 March 2016).
23. NHANES 2005–2006: Laboratory Component: Total Arsenic and Speciated Arsenic. Available online: https://wwwn.cdc.gov/Nchs/Nhanes/2005-2006/UAS_D.htm (accessed on 4 March 2016).
24. NHANES 2007–2008: Laboratory Component: Total Arsenic and Speciated Arsenic. Available online: https://wwwn.cdc.gov/Nchs/Nhanes/2007-2008/UAS_E.htm (accessed on 4 March 2016).
25. NHANES 2009–2010: Laboratory Component: Total Arsenic and Speciated Arsenic. Available online: https://wwwn.cdc.gov/Nchs/Nhanes/2009-2010/UAS_F.htm (accessed on 5 March 2016).
26. NHANES 2011–2012: Laboratory Component: Total Arsenic and Speciated Arsenic. Available online: https://wwwn.cdc.gov/Nchs/Nhanes/2011-2012/UAS_G.htm (accessed on 5 March 2016).
27. Caldwell, K.L.; Jones, R.L.; Verdon, C.P.; Jarrett, J.M.; Caudill, S.P.; Osterloh, J.D. Levels of urinary total and speciated arsenic in the US population: National health and nutrition examination survey 2003–2004. J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. 2009, 19, 59–68.
28. NHANES 2007–2008 Data Documentation, Codebook, and Frequencies: Cholesterol—Total (TCHOL_E). Available online: https://wwwn.cdc.gov/Nchs/Nhanes/2007-2008/TCHOL_E.htm (accessed on 15 March 2016).
29. NHANES 2007–2008 Data Documentation, Codebook, and Frequencies: Cholesterol—HDL (HDL_E). Available online: https://wwwn.cdc.gov/Nchs/Nhanes/2007-2008/HDL_E.htm (accessed on 15 March 2016).
30. NHANES 2003–2004: Laboratory Component: Serum Cotinine. Available online: https://wwwn.cdc.gov/Nchs/Nhanes/2003-2004/L06COT_C.htm (accessed on 10 March 2016).
31. Navas-Acien, A.; Francesconi, K.A.; Silbergeld, E.K.; Guallar, E. Seafood intake and urine concentrations of total arsenic, dimethylarsinate and arsenobetaine in the US population. Environ. Res. 2011, 111, 110–118.
32. NHANES 2007–2008 Data Documentation, Codebook, and Frequencies: Albumin & Creatinine—Urine (ALB_CR_E). Available online: https://wwwn.cdc.gov/Nchs/Nhanes/2007-2008/ALB_CR_E.htm (accessed on 15 March 2016).
33. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey: Analytic Guidelines, 1999–2010. Available online: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/series/sr_02/sr02_161.pdf (accessed on 23 March 2016).
34. Wu, M.M.; Chiou, H.Y.; Hsueh, Y.M.; Hong, C.T.; Su, C.L.; Chang, S.F.; Huang, W.L.; Wang, H.T.; Wang, Y.H.; Hsieh, Y.C. et al. Effect of plasma homocysteine level and urinary monomethylarsonic acid on the risk of arsenic-associated carotid atherosclerosis. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 2006, 216, 168–175.
35. Wang, Y.H.; Wu, M.M.; Hong, C.T.; Lien, L.M.; Hsieh, Y.C.; Tseng, H.P.; Chang, S.F.; Su, C.L.; Chiou, H.Y.; Chen, C.J. Effects of arsenic exposure and genetic polymorphisms of p53, glutathione S-transferase M1, T1, and P1 on the risk of carotid atherosclerosis in Taiwan. Atherosclerosis 2007, 192, 305–312.
36. Sohel, N.; Persson, L.A.; Rahman, M.; Streatfield, P.K.; Yunus, M.; Ekstrom, E.C.; Vahter, M. Arsenic in drinking water and adult mortality: A population-based cohort study in rural Bangladesh. Epidemiology 2009, 20, 824–830.
37. Zierold, K.M.; Knobeloch, L.; Anderson, H. Prevalence of chronic diseases in adults exposed to arsenic-contaminated drinking water. Am. J. Public Health 2004, 94, 1936–1937.
38. Gong, G.; O’Bryant, S.E. Low-level arsenic exposure, AS3MT gene polymorphism and cardiovascular diseases in rural Texas counties. Environ. Res. 2012, 113, 52–57.
39. Moon, K.A.; Guallar, E.; Umans, J.G.; Devereux, R.B.; Best, L.G.; Francesconi, K.A.; Goessler, W.; Pollak, J.; Silbergeld, E.K.; Howard, B.V. et al. Association between exposure to low to moderate arsenic levels and incident cardiovascular disease. A prospective cohort study. Ann. Intern. Med. 2013, 159, 649–659.
40. Wu, F.; Molinaro, P.; Chen, Y. Arsenic exposure and subclinical endpoints of cardiovascular diseases. Curr. Environ. Health Rep. 2014, 1, 148–162.
41. Shi, Y.; Wei, Y.; Qu, S.; Wang, Y.; Li, Y.; Li, R. Arsenic induces apoptosis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells through mitochondrial pathways. Cardiovasc. Toxicol. 2010, 10, 153–160.
42. Bunderson, M.; Coffin, J.D.; Beall, H.D. Arsenic induces peroxynitrite generation and cyclooxygenase-2 protein expression in aortic endothelial cells: Possible role in atherosclerosis. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 2002, 184, 11–18.
43. Chou, Y.; Tsai, C.H.; Ueng, K.C.; Tian, T.Y.; Chen, S.C.; Yeh, H.I. Endothelial gap junctions are down-regulated by arsenic trioxide. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 2007, 569, 29–36.
44. Bunderson, M.; Brooks, D.M.; Walker, D.L.; Rosenfeld, M.E.; Coffin, J.D.; Beall, H.D. Arsenic exposure exacerbates atherosclerotic plaque formation and increases nitrotyrosine and leukotriene biosynthesis. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol.2004, 201, 32–39.
45. Ellinsworth, D.C. Arsenic, reactive oxygen, and endothelial dysfunction. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 2015, 353, 458–464.
46. Thomas, S.R.; Chen, K.; Keaney, J.F., Jr. Oxidative stress and endothelial nitric oxide bioactivity. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 2003, 5, 181–194.
47. Simeonova, P.P.; Hulderman, T.; Harki, D.; Luster, M.I. Arsenic exposure accelerates atherogenesis in apolipoprotein e(−/−) mice. Environ. Health Perspect. 2003, 111, 1744–1748.
48. Srivastava, S.; Vladykovskaya, E.N.; Haberzettl, P.; Sithu, S.D.; D’Souza, S.E.; States, J.C. Arsenic exacerbates atherosclerotic lesion formation and inflammation in ApoE−/−mice. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 2009, 241, 90–100.
49. Hossain, E.; Ota, A.; Karnan, S.; Damdindorj, L.; Takahashi, M.; Konishi, Y.; Konishi, H.; Hosokawa, Y. Arsenic augments the uptake of oxidized LDL by upregulating the expression of lectin-like oxidized LDL receptor in mouse aortic endothelial cells. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 2013, 273, 651–658.
50. Hernanz, R.; Martinez-Revelles, S.; Palacios, R.; Martin, A.; Cachofeiro, V.; Aguado, A.; Garcia-Redondo, L.; Barrus, M.T.; de Batista, P.R.; Briones, A.M. et al. Toll-like receptor 4 contributes to vascular remodelling and endothelial dysfunction in angiotensin II-induced hypertension. Br. J. Pharmacol. 2015, 172, 3159–3176.
51. Matrougui, K.; Abd Elmageed, Z.; Kassan, M.; Choi, S.; Nair, D.; Gonzalez-Villalobos, R.A.; Chentoufi, A.A.; Kadowitz, P.; Belmadani, S.; Partyka, M. Natural regulatory T cells control coronary arteriolar endothelial dysfunction in hypertensive mice. Am. J. Pathol. 2011, 178, 434–441.
52. Kassan, M.; Galan, M.; Partyka, M.; Saifudeen, Z.; Henrion, D.; Trebak, M.; Matrougui, K. Endoplasmic reticulum stress is involved in cardiac damage and vascular endothelial dysfunction in hypertensive mice. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 2012, 32, 1652–1661.
53. Li, D.J.; Evans, R.G.; Yang, Z.W.; Song, S.W.; Wang, P.; Ma, X.J.; Liu, C.; Xi, T.; Su, D.F.; Shen, F.M. Dysfunction of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway mediates organ damage in hypertension. Hypertension 2011, 57, 298–307.
54. Gonzalez, G.E.; Rhaleb, N.E.; D’Ambrosio, M.A.; Nakagawa, P.; Liu, Y.; Leung, P.; Dai, X.; Yang, X.P.; Peterson, E.L.; Carretero, O.A. Deletion of interleukin-6 prevents cardiac inflammation, fibrosis and dysfunction without affecting blood pressure in angiotensin II-high salt-induced hypertension. J. Hypertens. 2015, 33, 144–152.
55. Li, Y.; Wu, Y.; Zhang, C.; Li, P.; Cui, W.; Hao, J.; Ma, X.; Yin, Z.; Du, J. γδT cell-derived interleukin-17A via an interleukin-1β-dependent mechanism mediates cardiac injury and fibrosis in hypertension. Hypertension 2014, 64, 305–314.
56. Kauser, K.; Rubanyi, G.M. Gender difference in endothelial dysfunction in the aorta of spontaneously hypertensive rats. Hypertension 1995, 25, 517–523.
57. Brandes, R.P.; Mugge, A. Gender differences in the generation of superoxide anions in the rat aorta. Life Sci. 1997, 60, 391–396.
58. Dantas, A.P.; Franco Mdo, C.; Silva-Antonialli, M.M.; Tostes, R.C.; Fortes, Z.B.; Nigro, D.; Carvalho, M.H. Gender differences in superoxide generation in microvessels of hypertensive rats: Role of NAD(P)H-oxidase. Cardiovasc. Res.2004, 61, 22–29.
59. Camilletti, A.; Moretti, N.; Giacchetti, G.; Faloia, E.; Martarelli, D.; Mantero, F.; Mazzanti, L. Decreased nitric oxide levels and increased calcium content in platelets of hypertensive patients. Am. J. Hypertens. 2001, 14, 382–386.
60. Karagas, M.R.; Le, C.X.; Morris, S.; Blum, J.; Lu, X.; Spate, V.; Carey, M.; Stannard, V.; Klaue, B.; Tosteson, T.D. Markers of low level arsenic exposure for evaluating human cancer risks in a US population. Int. J. Occup. Med. Environ. Health 2001, 14, 171–175.
61. Steinmaus, C.M.; Yuan, Y.; Smith, A.H. The temporal stability of arsenic concentrations in well water in western Nevada. Environ. Res. 2005, 99, 164–168.