메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 57, Issue 7, 2016, Pages 3429-3439

Enrichment of macular pigment enhances contrast sensitivity in subjects free of retinal disease: Central retinal enrichment supplementation trials - Report 1

Author keywords

Contrast sensitivity; Glare disability; Lutein; Macular pigment; Meso zeaxanthin; Randomized clinical trial; Visual acuity; Visual function

Indexed keywords

CAROTENOID; MESO ZEAXANTHIN; PLACEBO; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; XANTHOPHYLL; ZEAXANTHIN; MESO-ZEAXANTHIN; VISUAL PIGMENT;

EID: 84994571112     PISSN: 01460404     EISSN: 15525783     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1167/iovs.16-19520     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (94)

References (64)
  • 2
    • 0031079680 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distribution of lutein and zeaxanthin stereoisomers in the human retina
    • Bone RA, Landrum JT, Friedes LM, et al. Distribution of lutein and zeaxanthin stereoisomers in the human retina. Exp Eye Res. 1997;64:211-218.
    • (1997) Exp Eye Res , vol.64 , pp. 211-218
    • Bone, R.A.1    Landrum, J.T.2    Friedes, L.M.3
  • 3
    • 0034775358 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lutein, zeaxanthin, and the macular pigment
    • Landrum JT, Bone RA. Lutein, zeaxanthin, and the macular pigment. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2001;385:28-40.
    • (2001) Arch Biochem Biophys , vol.385 , pp. 28-40
    • Landrum, J.T.1    Bone, R.A.2
  • 4
    • 84955419184 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lutein, zeaxanthin, and meso-zeaxanthin: The basic and clinical science underlying carotenoid-based nutritional interventions against ocular disease
    • Bernstein PS, Li B, Vachali PP, et al. Lutein, zeaxanthin, and meso-zeaxanthin: the basic and clinical science underlying carotenoid-based nutritional interventions against ocular disease. Prog Retin Eye Res. 2016;50:34-66.
    • (2016) Prog Retin Eye Res , vol.50 , pp. 34-66
    • Bernstein, P.S.1    Li, B.2    Vachali, P.P.3
  • 5
    • 84877734641 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The AREDS2 Study Group. Lutein þ zeaxanthin and omega-3 fatty acids for age-related macular degeneration: The Age-Related Eye Disease Study 2 (AREDS2) randomized clinical trial
    • Chew E. The AREDS2 Study Group. Lutein þ zeaxanthin and omega-3 fatty acids for age-related macular degeneration: the Age-Related Eye Disease Study 2 (AREDS2) randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2013;309:2005-2015.
    • (2013) JAMA , vol.309 , pp. 2005-2015
    • Chew, E.1
  • 6
    • 84894229056 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Secondary analyses of the effects of lutein/zeaxanthin on age-related macular degeneration progression: AREDS2 report No. 3
    • Chew EY, Clemons TE, SanGiovanni JP, et al. Secondary analyses of the effects of lutein/zeaxanthin on age-related macular degeneration progression: AREDS2 report No. 3. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2013;132:142-149.
    • (2013) JAMA Ophthalmol , vol.132 , pp. 142-149
    • Chew, E.Y.1    Clemons, T.E.2    SanGiovanni, J.P.3
  • 7
    • 84949189374 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sustained supplementation and monitored response with differing carotenoid formulations in early age-related macular degeneration
    • Akuffo KO, Nolan JM, Howard AN, et al. Sustained supplementation and monitored response with differing carotenoid formulations in early age-related macular degeneration. Eye (Lond). 2015;29:902-912.
    • (2015) Eye (Lond) , vol.29 , pp. 902-912
    • Akuffo, K.O.1    Nolan, J.M.2    Howard, A.N.3
  • 8
    • 0030826642 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of lutein and zeaxanthin oxidation products in human and monkey retinas
    • Khachik F, Bernstein PS, Garland DL. Identification of lutein and zeaxanthin oxidation products in human and monkey retinas. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1997;38:1802-1811.
    • (1997) Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci , vol.38 , pp. 1802-1811
    • Khachik, F.1    Bernstein, P.S.2    Garland, D.L.3
  • 9
    • 77957924323 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Studies on the singlet oxygen scavenging mechanism of human macular pigment
    • Li B, Ahmed F, Bernstein PS. Studies on the singlet oxygen scavenging mechanism of human macular pigment. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2010;504:56-60.
    • (2010) Arch Biochem Biophys , vol.504 , pp. 56-60
    • Li, B.1    Ahmed, F.2    Bernstein, P.S.3
  • 10
    • 0021245127 scopus 로고
    • The macular pigment. I. absorbance spectra, localization, and discrimination from other yellow pigments in primate retinas
    • Snodderly DM, Brown PK, Delori FC, Auran JD. The macular pigment. I. absorbance spectra, localization, and discrimination from other yellow pigments in primate retinas. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1984;25:660-673.
    • (1984) Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci , vol.25 , pp. 660-673
    • Snodderly, D.M.1    Brown, P.K.2    Delori, F.C.3    Auran, J.D.4
  • 11
    • 0033795036 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration
    • Beatty S, Koh HH, Henson D, Boulton M. The role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration. Surv Ophthalmol. 2000;45:115-134.
    • (2000) Surv Ophthalmol , vol.45 , pp. 115-134
    • Beatty, S.1    Koh, H.H.2    Henson, D.3    Boulton, M.4
  • 12
    • 77955346287 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Macular pigment and its contribution to visual performance and experience
    • Loughman J, Davison PA, Nolan JM, Akkali MC, Beatty S. Macular pigment and its contribution to visual performance and experience. J Optom. 2010;3:74-90.
    • (2010) J Optom , vol.3 , pp. 74-90
    • Loughman, J.1    Davison, P.A.2    Nolan, J.M.3    Akkali, M.C.4    Beatty, S.5
  • 14
    • 0000636138 scopus 로고
    • The intra-ocular colour-filters of vertebrates
    • Walls GL, Judd HD. The intra-ocular colour-filters of vertebrates. Br J Ophthalmol. 1933;17:705-725.
    • (1933) Br J Ophthalmol , vol.17 , pp. 705-725
    • Walls, G.L.1    Judd, H.D.2
  • 15
    • 0019754646 scopus 로고
    • Historic perspectives. Macular yellow pigment. The first 200 years
    • Nussbaum JJ, Pruett RC, Delori FC. Historic perspectives. Macular yellow pigment. The first 200 years. Retina. 1981;1:296-310.
    • (1981) Retina , vol.1 , pp. 296-310
    • Nussbaum, J.J.1    Pruett, R.C.2    Delori, F.C.3
  • 16
    • 0023230276 scopus 로고
    • Aging and human macular pigment density. Appended with translations from the work of Max Schultze and Ewald Hering
    • Werner JS, Donnelly SK, Kliegl R. Aging and human macular pigment density. Appended with translations from the work of Max Schultze and Ewald Hering. Vision Res. 1987;27:275-268.
    • (1987) Vision Res , vol.27 , pp. 268-275
    • Werner, J.S.1    Donnelly, S.K.2    Kliegl, R.3
  • 17
    • 0036015955 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Macular pigment: Influences on visual acuity and visibility
    • Wooten BR, Hammond BR. Macular pigment: influences on visual acuity and visibility. Prog Retin Eye Res. 2002;21:225-240.
    • (2002) Prog Retin Eye Res , vol.21 , pp. 225-240
    • Wooten, B.R.1    Hammond, B.R.2
  • 18
    • 0037046566 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Imperfect optics may be the eye’s defence against chromatic blur
    • McLellan JS, Marcos S, Prieto PM, Burns SA. Imperfect optics may be the eye’s defence against chromatic blur. Nature. 2002;417:174-176.
    • (2002) Nature , vol.417 , pp. 174-176
    • McLellan, J.S.1    Marcos, S.2    Prieto, P.M.3    Burns, S.A.4
  • 19
    • 0023394404 scopus 로고
    • Cone spacing and the visual resolution limit
    • Williams DR, Coletta NJ. Cone spacing and the visual resolution limit. J Opt Soc Am A. 1987;4:1514-1523.
    • (1987) J Opt Soc Am A , vol.4 , pp. 1514-1523
    • Williams, D.R.1    Coletta, N.J.2
  • 20
    • 39849091480 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Macular pigment and visual performance under glare conditions
    • Stringham JM, Hammond BR. Macular pigment and visual performance under glare conditions. Optom Vis Sci. 2008;85:82-88.
    • (2008) Optom Vis Sci , vol.85 , pp. 82-88
    • Stringham, J.M.1    Hammond, B.R.2
  • 21
    • 84875475799 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lutein supplementation over a one-year period in early AMD might have a mild beneficial effect on visual acuity: The CLEAR study
    • Murray IJ, Makridaki M, van der Veen RL, Carden D, Parry NR, Berendschot TT. Lutein supplementation over a one-year period in early AMD might have a mild beneficial effect on visual acuity: the CLEAR study. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2013;54:1781-1788.
    • (2013) Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci , vol.54 , pp. 1781-1788
    • Murray, I.J.1    Makridaki, M.2    van der Veen, R.L.3    Carden, D.4    Parry, N.R.5    Berendschot, T.T.6
  • 22
    • 18644371977 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of the validity of in vivo methods of measuring human macular pigment optical density
    • Hammond BR Jr, Wooten BR, Smollon B. Assessment of the validity of in vivo methods of measuring human macular pigment optical density. Optom Vis Sci. 2005;82:387-404.
    • (2005) Optom Vis Sci , vol.82 , pp. 387-404
    • Hammond, B.R.1    Wooten, B.R.2    Smollon, B.3
  • 23
    • 34548585398 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of lutein and antioxidant dietary supplementation on contrast sensitivity in age-related macular disease: A randomized controlled trial
    • Bartlett HE, Eperjesi F. Effect of lutein and antioxidant dietary supplementation on contrast sensitivity in age-related macular disease: a randomized controlled trial. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2007; 61:1121-1127.
    • (2007) Eur J Clin Nutr , vol.61 , pp. 1121-1127
    • Bartlett, H.E.1    Eperjesi, F.2
  • 25
    • 84878988347 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lutein supplementation improves visual performance in Chinese drivers: 1-year randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study
    • Yao Y, Qiu QH, Wu XW, Cai ZY, Xu S, Liang XQ. Lutein supplementation improves visual performance in Chinese drivers: 1-year randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Nutrition. 2013;29:958-964.
    • (2013) Nutrition , vol.29 , pp. 958-964
    • Yao, Y.1    Qiu, Q.H.2    Wu, X.W.3    Cai, Z.Y.4    Xu, S.5    Liang, X.Q.6
  • 27
    • 84896302132 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Central Retinal Enrichment Supplementation Trials (CREST): Design and methodology of the CREST randomized controlled trials
    • Akuffo KO, Beatty S, Stack J, et al. Central Retinal Enrichment Supplementation Trials (CREST): design and methodology of the CREST randomized controlled trials. Ophthalmic Epidemiol. 2014;21:111-123.
    • (2014) Ophthalmic Epidemiol , vol.21 , pp. 111-123
    • Akuffo, K.O.1    Beatty, S.2    Stack, J.3
  • 28
    • 84938418952 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Macular response to supplementation with differing xanthophyll formulations in subjects with and without age-related macular degeneration
    • Thurnham DI, Nolan JM, Howard AN, Beatty S. Macular response to supplementation with differing xanthophyll formulations in subjects with and without age-related macular degeneration. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2015;253:1231-1243.
    • (2015) Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol , vol.253 , pp. 1231-1243
    • Thurnham, D.I.1    Nolan, J.M.2    Howard, A.N.3    Beatty, S.4
  • 29
    • 84864295641 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Macular carotenoid supplementation in subjects with atypical spatial profiles of macular pigment
    • Nolan JM, Akkali MC, Loughman J, Howard AN, Beatty S. Macular carotenoid supplementation in subjects with atypical spatial profiles of macular pigment. Exp Eye Res. 2012;101:9-15.
    • (2012) Exp Eye Res , vol.101 , pp. 9-15
    • Nolan, J.M.1    Akkali, M.C.2    Loughman, J.3    Howard, A.N.4    Beatty, S.5
  • 30
    • 84872201091 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of macular pigment augmentation on visual performance using different carotenoid formulations
    • Loughman J, Nolan JM, Howard AN, Connolly E, Meagher K, Beatty S. The impact of macular pigment augmentation on visual performance using different carotenoid formulations. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2012;53:7871-7880.
    • (2012) Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci , vol.53 , pp. 7871-7880
    • Loughman, J.1    Nolan, J.M.2    Howard, A.N.3    Connolly, E.4    Meagher, K.5    Beatty, S.6
  • 31
    • 84906937076 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Supplementation with three different macular carotenoid formulations in patients with early age-related macular degeneration
    • Sabour-Pickett S, Beatty S, Connolly E, et al. Supplementation with three different macular carotenoid formulations in patients with early age-related macular degeneration. Retina. 2014;34:1757-1766.
    • (2014) Retina , vol.34 , pp. 1757-1766
    • Sabour-Pickett, S.1    Beatty, S.2    Connolly, E.3
  • 33
    • 84941008715 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of supplemental macular carotenoids in Alzheimer’s disease: A randomized clinical trial
    • Nolan JM, Loskutova E, Howard A, et al. The impact of supplemental macular carotenoids in Alzheimer’s disease: a randomized clinical trial. J Alzheimers Dis. 2015;44:1157-1169.
    • (2015) J Alzheimers Dis , vol.44 , pp. 1157-1169
    • Nolan, J.M.1    Loskutova, E.2    Howard, A.3
  • 35
    • 79952485150 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of macular pigment augmentation on visual performance in normal subjects: COMPASS
    • Nolan JM, Loughman J, Akkali MC, et al. The impact of macular pigment augmentation on visual performance in normal subjects: COMPASS. Vision Res. 2011;51:459-469.
    • (2011) Vision Res , vol.51 , pp. 459-469
    • Nolan, J.M.1    Loughman, J.2    Akkali, M.C.3
  • 36
    • 84884952184 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Concordance of macular pigment measurements obtained using customized heterochromatic flicker photometry, dual-wavelength autofluorescence, and single-wavelength reflectance
    • Dennison JL, Stack J, Beatty S, Nolan JM. Concordance of macular pigment measurements obtained using customized heterochromatic flicker photometry, dual-wavelength autofluorescence, and single-wavelength reflectance. Exp Eye Res. 2013;116:190-198.
    • (2013) Exp Eye Res , vol.116 , pp. 190-198
    • Dennison, J.L.1    Stack, J.2    Beatty, S.3    Nolan, J.M.4
  • 37
    • 84907992094 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Macular pigment, visual function, and macular disease among subjects with Alzheimer’s disease: An exploratory study
    • Nolan JM, Loskutova E, Howard AN, et al. Macular pigment, visual function, and macular disease among subjects with Alzheimer’s disease: an exploratory study. J Alzheimers Dis. 2014;42:1191-1202.
    • (2014) J Alzheimers Dis , vol.42 , pp. 1191-1202
    • Nolan, J.M.1    Loskutova, E.2    Howard, A.N.3
  • 38
    • 0040073670 scopus 로고
    • Visual acuity and the resolving power of the eye
    • Hartridge H. Visual acuity and the resolving power of the eye. J Physiol. 1922;57:52-67.
    • (1922) J Physiol , vol.57 , pp. 52-67
    • Hartridge, H.1
  • 39
  • 40
    • 0020805872 scopus 로고
    • Recent advances in retinex theory and some implications for cortical computations: Color vision and the natural image
    • Land EH. Recent advances in retinex theory and some implications for cortical computations: color vision and the natural image. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1983;80:5163-5169.
    • (1983) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.80 , pp. 5163-5169
    • Land, E.H.1
  • 41
    • 78650168204 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Importance of visual acuity and contrast sensitivity in patients with glaucoma
    • Richman J, Lorenzana LL, Lankaranian D, et al. Importance of visual acuity and contrast sensitivity in patients with glaucoma. Arch Ophthalmol. 2010;128:1576-1582.
    • (2010) Arch Ophthalmol , vol.128 , pp. 1576-1582
    • Richman, J.1    Lorenzana, L.L.2    Lankaranian, D.3
  • 42
    • 33947190545 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in macular pigment optical density and serum concentrations of its constituent carotenoids following supplemental lutein and zeaxanthin: The LUNA study
    • Trieschmann M, Beatty S, Nolan JM, et al. Changes in macular pigment optical density and serum concentrations of its constituent carotenoids following supplemental lutein and zeaxanthin: the LUNA study. Exp Eye Res. 2007;84:718-728.
    • (2007) Exp Eye Res , vol.84 , pp. 718-728
    • Trieschmann, M.1    Beatty, S.2    Nolan, J.M.3
  • 43
    • 84881411745 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What is mesozeaxanthin, and where does it come from?
    • Nolan JM, Meagher K, Kashani S, Beatty S. What is mesozeaxanthin, and where does it come from? Eye (Lond). 2013; 27:899-905.
    • (2013) Eye (Lond) , vol.27 , pp. 899-905
    • Nolan, J.M.1    Meagher, K.2    Kashani, S.3    Beatty, S.4
  • 44
    • 84963735443 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Developmentally regulated production of meso-zeaxanthin in chicken retinal pigment epithelium/choroid and retina
    • Gorusupudi AF, Shyam RF, Li BF, et al. Developmentally regulated production of meso-zeaxanthin in chicken retinal pigment epithelium/choroid and retina. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2016;57:1853-1861.
    • (2016) Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci , vol.57 , pp. 1853-1861
    • Gorusupudi, A.F.1    Shyam, R.F.2    Li, B.F.3
  • 46
    • 77049147071 scopus 로고
    • Discharge patterns and functional organization of mammalian retina
    • Kuffler SW. Discharge patterns and functional organization of mammalian retina. J Neurophysiol. 1953;16:37-68.
    • (1953) J Neurophysiol , vol.16 , pp. 37-68
    • Kuffler, S.W.1
  • 47
    • 84994643549 scopus 로고
    • The retinal representation
    • Chapter 5. Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates, Inc., Available at
    • Wandell BA. The retinal representation. In: Foundations of Vision. Chapter 5. Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates, Inc.; 1995. Available at: https://foundationsofvision.stanford.edu/ chapter-5-the-retinal-representation.
    • (1995) Foundations of Vision
    • Wandell, B.A.1
  • 48
    • 0014137030 scopus 로고
    • The effects of light-adaptation on rod and cone receptive field organization of monkey ganglion cells
    • Gouras P. The effects of light-adaptation on rod and cone receptive field organization of monkey ganglion cells. J Physiol. 1967;192:747-760.
    • (1967) J Physiol , vol.192 , pp. 747-760
    • Gouras, P.1
  • 49
    • 0014318802 scopus 로고
    • Application of Fourier analysis to the visibility of gratings
    • Campbell FW, Robson JG. Application of Fourier analysis to the visibility of gratings. J Physiol. 1968;197:551-566.
    • (1968) J Physiol , vol.197 , pp. 551-566
    • Campbell, F.W.1    Robson, J.G.2
  • 50
    • 78049271486 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of the visual cycle by A2E through direct interaction with RPE65 and implications in Stargardt disease
    • Moiseyev G, Nikolaeva O, Chen Y, Farjo K, Takahashi Y, Ma JX. Inhibition of the visual cycle by A2E through direct interaction with RPE65 and implications in Stargardt disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010;107:17551-17556.
    • (2010) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.107 , pp. 17551-17556
    • Moiseyev, G.1    Nikolaeva, O.2    Chen, Y.3    Farjo, K.4    Takahashi, Y.5    Ma, J.X.6
  • 51
    • 62349128260 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Retinal carotenoids can attenuate formation of A2E in the retinal pigment epithelium
    • Bhosale P, Serban B, Bernstein PS. Retinal carotenoids can attenuate formation of A2E in the retinal pigment epithelium. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2009;483:175-181.
    • (2009) Arch Biochem Biophys , vol.483 , pp. 175-181
    • Bhosale, P.1    Serban, B.2    Bernstein, P.S.3
  • 52
    • 84862832885 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Macular pigment and visual performance in glare: Benefits for photostress recovery, disability glare, and visual discomfort
    • Stringham JM, Garcia PV, Smith PA, McLin LN, Foutch BK. Macular pigment and visual performance in glare: benefits for photostress recovery, disability glare, and visual discomfort. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2011;52:7406-7415.
    • (2011) Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci , vol.52 , pp. 7406-7415
    • Stringham, J.M.1    Garcia, P.V.2    Smith, P.A.3    McLin, L.N.4    Foutch, B.K.5
  • 53
    • 84939483813 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Macular pigment and visual performance in low-light conditions
    • Stringham JM, Garcia PV, Smith PA, et al. Macular pigment and visual performance in low-light conditions. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2015;56:2459-2468.
    • (2015) Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci , vol.56 , pp. 2459-2468
    • Stringham, J.M.1    Garcia, P.V.2    Smith, P.A.3
  • 54
    • 84948703982 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Temporal visual mechanisms may mediate compensation for macular pigment
    • Stringham NT, Stringham JM. Temporal visual mechanisms may mediate compensation for macular pigment. Perception. 2015;44:1400-1415.
    • (2015) Perception , vol.44 , pp. 1400-1415
    • Stringham, N.T.1    Stringham, J.M.2
  • 56
    • 0142261230 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statistics of natural image categories
    • Torralba A, Oliva A. Statistics of natural image categories. Network. 2003;14:391-412.
    • (2003) Network , vol.14 , pp. 391-412
    • Torralba, A.1    Oliva, A.2
  • 57
    • 84954289798 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Meeting the UK driving vision standards with reduced contrast sensitivity
    • Rae S, Latham K, Katsou MF. Meeting the UK driving vision standards with reduced contrast sensitivity. Eye (Lond). 2016; 30:89-94.
    • (2016) Eye (Lond) , vol.30 , pp. 89-94
    • Rae, S.1    Latham, K.2    Katsou, M.F.3
  • 58
    • 2642620236 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of a test battery to identify older drivers at risk for self-reported adverse driving events
    • Marottoli RA, Richardson EDFAU, Stowe MHFAU, et al. Development of a test battery to identify older drivers at risk for self-reported adverse driving events. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1998:46:562-568.
    • (1998) J Am Geriatr Soc , vol.46 , pp. 562-568
    • Marottoli, R.A.1    Richardson, E.D.F.A.U.2    Stowe, M.H.F.A.U.3
  • 62
    • 0022355177 scopus 로고
    • Importance of pathological intraocular light scatter for visual disability
    • van den Berg TJ. Importance of pathological intraocular light scatter for visual disability. Doc Ophthalmol. 1986;61:327-333.
    • (1986) Doc Ophthalmol , vol.61 , pp. 327-333
    • van den Berg, T.J.1
  • 63
    • 0022467730 scopus 로고
    • Impairment of contrast sensitivity function (CSF) as a measure of disability glare
    • Abrahamsson M, Sjostrand J. Impairment of contrast sensitivity function (CSF) as a measure of disability glare. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1986;27:1131-1136.
    • (1986) Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci , vol.27 , pp. 1131-1136
    • Abrahamsson, M.1    Sjostrand, J.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.